Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 14 November 1878 — Page 2

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THE PROGRESS OF CATHOLICISM

lMlication8 of the Growth of the Roman Church in America.

ITS INFLUENCE ON ART, SCIENCE, MORALS, POLITICS, LI 1 FEATURE AND SOCIAL LIKE. for From the New York

It has required twenty years of work and the expenciture ot a very large sum of monev to bring the new Catholic Cathedral,'on Fifth Avenue, to its present stage of completion. The edifice is roofedin the windows are glazed, some of them with extremely handt-ome. stained {{lass pictures, the woiks of eminent foreign artists a temporary floor has been laid down ar.d durit.g the next two weeks the ereat fair, for which elaborate preparations have been made, will be held there, commencing to night It is not Catholic money alone which has thus far been contributed to the erection of this really magnificent ijemp'e. Citizens of almost every shade of religious belief have contributed largely towards its cost and the) must feel a solid satis faction now in looking at the result. It will be long ere the Cathedral can be completed indeed, in one sense great cathedrals like this are never wholly finished there is always something to be added—a new altar here, or an additional chapel there. But already the building is beautiful and an honor to the city. It is not faultless, but it is the finest ecclesiastical structure in the New Woild.

The opening of this Cathedral reminds us that the death of Pius IX. and the election of Leo XIII. to the Papacy have been followed by a series of events that at least make possible the realization of the hope, or the tear, that the Romai. Catholic Church may renew its youth, and once more place itself at the head of the army of progress. This thought gives fresh interest and significance to a question that has long been deemed important by non Catholic Americans who endeavor to look beyond the ignorant present into the pregnant future. What is the true strength ot the Roman^ Catholic Church in this republic what, if any, is the actual progress that it is jnaking here? Thei are abundant evidencees of a certain material advance annually achieved by this church in America the statistics now betore us—and of which •.we shall give the substance in the course of this article—show a steady iocrease in the number of her adherents, her places •of worship, her religious houses, her educational and charitable establishments.

But to what extent, if any, do these outward and tangible evidences of growth represent what may be called the intellectual and spiritual advance of American Catholicism—its success in strengthening and widening its di rect or indirect influence upon the art, the science, the morals, the politics, the literature and the social life of the community? The Catholic church in the ^'United btates is no longer composed

?lwholly

of the poorer classes, of the

simple and unlearned, of ignorant Irish and boorish Germans. A single Jesuit jpriest, who ia not a very old man, is '^nown to have received more than 8,ooo '^American Protestants into the Roman church, ten of whom were ministers of various sects. The order of Paulist

JFathers, founded in 1858 by the Rev. Father Hecker, himself a convert from protestantism, numbers thirty-tour mem-

'bers, nearly all of whom are American entlemen, who were born and educate •rctestants. Many of the Jesuits—who ^have in the United'States 750 members —are Americans the same is true of the

1''^Benedictines

ASJssaid

.--

Graphic, 1878.

and the Christian Brothe s,

^who together count 1,000 members. The late Archbishop of Baltimore in five years V¥! fconfirmed 2,752 converts of American birth. The average annual number .ol adult converts in the city of New Yoik

to be abjut 900. Archbishops of

^Philadelphia and* Milwaukee report Jthat Ifrom five to seven per cent, of those they ^confirm are converts. The Bishop of

Richmond says that thirty-five per cent. "Wthe Catholics in North Carolina are •«fc- ^converts, and that one parish in that ir'd^Siate is composed wholly of converts.

A •*y-The Church which has won from the -F ranksof the Protestantism and enlisted •\."!'in its own service such men as Dr. w'Brownson, Dr. Ives, Archbishop Wood, *of Philadelphia Dr. Bayley, the late

Archbishop of Baltimore Father Heck-

paintings. Among the 150 Catholic churches in the archdiocese of New York alone (which comprises the city and county of New York, and Wesche6ter„ Dutchess, Sullivan, Rockland, Putnam Orange, Ulster and Richmond counties) we could name more than a score which contain works of art worthy of very careful study and of high praise. We are obliged to confess that these are chiefly the productions of foreign artists, and this remark will apply to the interior artistic attractions, of the Catholic churches generally, but" .art knows no country. The art galleries of the United States, public and private, if lumped together. would not equal the tieasures of sculpture and of painting that mav be found in the principal Catholic churcnt throughout the country. It is not in the largest of the churches, however, that the finest and most notable cf theae works are always to be seen many of the most beautiful ot their are hidden away, so as to speak, in comparatively small and ob»cure buildings, and are seen only by the people of the parish or by an occasional visitor. But "the people ot the parish" do see them, and this, too, not merely once a week, but often every day and in this fact we may find the first answer to one of our questions. Without dwelling on this point, we may sa\ that, as schools of art' the Catholic churches exercise a powerful, quiet, extensive and ceascless elevating and refining influence. As for the music .n the Catholic churches, so much cannot be said. Too 01 ten it is open to severe criticism. In the German churches, and in those which belong to various religious houses, the music at high mass, at vespers, and at benediction is often excellent—that is, it is solemn, majestic and simple—sweetly melodious without frivolity. But in many of the parish churches and even in some of the cathedrals the music distracts rather than sooth. 6 or elevates the mind a vile practice prevails of giving at a High

Mass or a MesGa Cantata a Kyrie Eleison from one composer, a Gloria from another, a Credo from a third and an Agnus Dei from a fourth there is a straining after effect and an absence of perfectness and congruilty which is painful. This fault is not so glaring as it once was many of the bishops nave set their faces against florid music the cultivation of the Gregorian chant—which, when perfectly rendered, is the perfection of sacred melody—is assiduously pursued. For the rest it may be added that those services of the Catholic church which are conducted without music and in almost perfect silence are really the most impressive and seducing to the imagination and hea:t of even the nonCatholic observer. An elequent Methodist bishop has lately paid a curious tribute of praise to those "whose feet go clattering by our houses these cold winter mornings before daylight, who fill their churches to warship God while we are in our beds." There are few more striking scenes than that which may be witnessed any Sunday morning at five or six o'clock, for instance, in the Chureh of St. Stephen, on Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth streets. The immense church, holdiug 4,000 or 5,000 people is filled with devout worshipers, they are of all classes in society, although the greater nv.rrtler are working men and working women the sun has not risen, and the throng is only dimly seen by the imperfect light of the gas burners at the altar there is a single pfiest with two acttlvtes. Not a word is heard, 6ave by those very near the altar, who may' distinguish the low voice of the priest as he reads the invocations addressed to God and not to man a little bell tinkles thrice every head is bowed to. the ground every hand smites the breast every heart is lilted up in silent adoration and 6ilent supplication. Of the thousands there assembled, every one believes that God has descended from heaven, attended by an innumerable and glorious company of angels, and is on the altar, ready to bless his people. It is impossible for the coldest and most skeptical observer to look upon the scene without emotion he may say it is all delusion and superstition, but the spectacle will give him a better idea of" the true poetry of the Catholic faith and of the deep hold which it has upon the minds of its adherents than he could receive by attending a grand High Mass in the same church at a later hour of the day. Then, too, if he remembers that what he has seer. at five o'clock will be repeated there at six and

«r, Father Hewii, Dr. James Kent Stone, seven and eight and nine o'clock—each

'formerly President of Hobart College Father Walworth, Vicar-General Preston, Father McLeod, Dr. J. V. Hunting bon, Rev. Virgil H. Barber, Rev. Calvin

White and a host of others not less distinguished, learned and venerated Americans, cannot be regarded with contempt ^. must be reckoned with as a torce

that may be feared, but that must not be despised. In the year 1S50—twenty-eight years ago—there were in the entire United States only six Roman Catholic Aich-bishops—-one of whom was an American, three of Irsh birth and two of French -'origin—and twenty-seven bishops,

There were 1,800 priesis, 1.073 churches.

ecclesiastical institutions. 17 colleges .".and ly female academies There are now- 11 archbishops—including one cardinal archbishop—56 bishops. 5,54s churches, 5,634 priests, 21 theological seminaries, with 1,121 ecclesiastical students, 74 colleges and 519 academies. Here is *. growth in twenty-eight years of44 prelates, 3,834 priests, 3,475 churches, and

477

seminaries, academies, and colleges. The Catholic population was estimated -in 1S50 to number 3,000,000 souls lo5)3 dav it is known to be not less than 6,-

V"40$v000,

A"#

and by some authorities it is

believed to exceed that figure by one-half. Nineteen of the prelates are natives of the United States. The cathedrals ot Pittsburg, Philadelphia, Albany, Chicage, Baltimore, Buffalo, Louisville, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Cincinnati, are monuments of piety, taste, and skill the cathedral of Boston is a structure of massive beauty, 364 feet long, 160 feet wide, and 120 feet high, with two towers, one rising to the height of 320 feet. The style is purely medieval gothic. The new cathedral of New York, which has now been twenty years in building, is the largest, most beautiful, and most costly ecclesiastical structure irT this republic. Hundreds of the Catholic churches throughout the country are handsome edifices, and they contain a very large amount of artistic wealth in their alters, statues and

time with a different congregation and that there are 345 churches in the three diocesses of New York, Brooklyn and Newark, where the same thing is going on, he willbegin to understand that Catholicism is a social force of no contemptible power. Within these three dioceses —that is to say within a radius of twenty miles from the city hall—there are known to be not less 1,000,000 adherents of the Church of Rome.

In the political field the influence of Catholicism has been exerted, if exerted at all, indirectly and not of its own motion. No Catholic has yet sat in the presidential chair no Catholic has held a cabinet ofiice only one of the judges of the supreme court has been a catholic in congress there are, perhaps, not a score of Catholics among the 369 senators and representatives. No one is elected to office because he is a Catholic occasionally, nominating conventions ot both parties have rejected candidates otherwise unobjectionable, for the reason that they were Catholics, and that the Protestant voters of their party might refuse to snpport them. Catholics, in at least the higher walks of official life, have found their religion an obstacle rather than a help to their advancement No one objects to a public man because he an Episcopalian, a Presbyterian, a Methodist, or even an atheist, if he does not unnecessarily obtrude his atheism but Mr. Kernan was not elected to the federal senate without earnest and hitter remonstrances from some of the guardians of the Protestant 'faith. No Catholic has been sent to represent u6 abroad, although nineteen of the countries with which we have diplomatic relations are Catholic nations. In the local governments of our large cities and towns, Catholics take their due share, by no means because they are Catholics, but simply for the reason that they are citizens. We believe it has been the wish of the Catholic prelates in America to discountenance everything like a mixture ot religion and politics. From time to time they have expressed themselves with emphasis upon the public school question but the

,•_

T*E TERRE HAUTE WEEKLY GAZETTE

general policy has been one of work rather than of talk. The Catholics have quietly established their own parochial schools in many cities and towns and gathered their children into them, while continuing to pay their taxes for the public schools which they did not use. The number of the. Catholic parish schools reported in the last Directory i& 2,180, and the returns are far from complete. As for higher education, it must suffice to remark that the Catholics have 74 colleges—exclusive of their2i theological seminaries, in which are 1,121 students for the priesthood—and 519 academies and select schools. Many of the colleges are extensive institutions, with full boards of professors and with thorough courses of study. The college at Georgetown has a splendid library of 30,000 volumes, an astronomical observatory, a botanical conservatory and an extensive geological and mineral cabinet. It was erected by act of Congress in 1815 to the rank of a University, and shortly after that date it passed under the control of the Jesuit fathers. Its medical department was opened in 1851, and its law department in 1870. It has a staff of 40 professors, and about 2S? s'udents. Its present president. Rev. Patrick J. Healy, S. J., a scholar of very high rank, is an American so are many of its professors, among whom a number have distinguisr ed themselves in science and literature. Among its presidents—there have been twenty-two of them—three have since become Bishops. Mount St Mary's College, Emmettsburg, has also been the Alma Mater of some of the most distinguished Catholic prelates in America— among them Cardinal McCluskey, It has at present 193 students, :St. Louis University, at St. Loins, Mo., has seventeen professors 4Rd 353 students. This institution alsp— as well a6 St. Joseph's College, in Alabama, with twenty professors and 120 students St. Xavier's College, Cirfcinnati, with seventeen professors and 250 students, and St. John's College, Fordham perhaps the mo6t important of all —is under the control of the Jesuits. So are the Colleges of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass. College of St. Francis Xavier, in this city, and Santa Clara College, Culifoinia. The Jesuits, indeed, have their full share in the education bf

American Catholics and whatever else may be said of these priests, it must be admitted that they *re excellent and thorough teachers in the languages, the sciences, logic and .metaphysics. Good as these colleges are, however, none of them, any more than any ot our Protestant institutions of learning, are entitled to the name of university, in the true sense of that word. It is a cherished hope of the prelates, the clergy, and many of the laity, that such an institution may be built up, and Bishop Becker, in the" American Catholic Quarterly, has made a strong appeal in favof of that gigantic undertaking. Universities, however, like great cathedrals, are scarcely built they grow and their growth is the work of centuries. To the education' of women the Catholic female teaching orders have paid great attention- in this country, and there kre more than 400 Catholic academies, many of them of a very high. grade, for the education of young ladies, "besides over' J50 select schools in which young girls receive a suyerior education. The quality of the education given in the academies is excellent a fact so well known that many of the pupils are the daughters of Protestant parents. In twenty of the principal of these academies—of which the one attached to the Presentation Convent in San Francisco is the largestthere are 413 teachers and 3,304 pupils.

What, however, i6 the position of the Catholics towards the literature, the art, the science of philosophy and the journ alism of the country? What eminent lurists, scientists, physicians and authors have they produced,. what books have they written what magazines and journals are they publishing? For a hundred years they have been free to accomplish what they liked here there has been nothing against them, save a prejudice, which haSlong since pretty well died out in the minds of the intelligent, and the early poveity of the majority of their number. Have they, all things considered, made as much progress in these channels of influence as could have been expected? The question is rather a difficult one, to answer. In the first place, the United States has not been prolific of men (eminent in the higher sciences. "There is not to-day in this Republic," says a Catholic writer, "two scientists. Catholic or Protestant, of such established reputation that their names'will be remembered one hundred years hence." Nor have the Catholics yet been able to establish a great daily newspaper in their interest. The attempt has been made, we believe, in more than one instance, but it has not succeeded. There is, indeed, a daily Catholic journal published in Cincinnati, but it is priced in German, and is read only by the German Catholics. A few years ago a large sum of money was subscribed in New York for the establishment of a Catholic daily paper, but the enterprise was never carried into effect. We are not certain that there is any necessity for such a journal. Catholics often complain, and with reason, that the daily press sometimes displays an amusing but annoying ignoiyince, sometimes an unbecoming spirit of rancor, in the discussion of Catholic subjects. But, on the whole, we think they have little cause for complaint against the daily press. There is not a daily journal of any importance in this city which has not Etonian Catholics on its staff if they are men of intelligence and choose to exert themselves, they can keep the managing editors from unnecessary blundering in thts direction. In the field" of weekly journalism, however, and in that of monthly and quarterly magazines, the Catholics have made their mark. In their weekly journals a a most remarkable improvement has been observed during the last five or siv years We may take, as the best type ot the existing Catholic weeklies, the Catholic Review ot this city, a publication now in its seventh year. Instead of sheet filled with clippings from Irish provincial jour nals, with dry sermoas, with reports of Fenian meetings and with polemic discussions more distinguished by acrimony acumen, we have a journal admirably written, discussing the prominent topics oif the day with wit and humor, but from a Catholic standpoint, breaking many a lance with its Protestant religious con: temporaries and often unhorsii}g them

with true journalistic instinct for news and with good home and foreign correspondence. It is to the American Catholic newspaper press what the London tablet is to that of England. There are, we believe, forty Catholic weeklies published in the English language in the United States, and nearly as many more in the German, French, Sbanish, Italian, and Polish languages. Of monthly magazines there are twelve, of which the Catholic Worldvis the chief. The Catholic World, founded in 1S65 by the Very Rev. Father Hecker, and since conducted by him eilher in person or by deputy, has from the beginning been noted far its ability under tne charge of its present managing editor, Mr. McCarthy, it has displayed additional life, spirit and freshness. It has among its contributions some of the ablest writest in America and Europe, among them Monsignor Capel, Fathers Hecker, Hewit and De Concilio, Bishop Spaulding and Aub'rey de Vere The only existing Catholic quarterly is the American, established in Philadelphia in 1876 and edited by Dr. Corcoran, the distinguished theologian.

In the department of history the list ot American Catholic authors who have written within the last quarter of a century is very creditable. We need only mention the names of D.r. O'Callaghan, Dr. John Gilmany Shea, the late Archbishop Bayley, the late Archbishop Spaulding, the late Father De Smet, the late Thomas d'Arcy McGee, the late Colonel Meline, Rev. Aug. F. Thebaud, S. J. Rev M. Finotfi, Rev. Theodore Noethen, and the Rev, Dr. White. In biography there are Hewit, Clarke, Harrard, Spaulding, Sarah brownson, Conyngham, and Barry. In fiction, Dr. Bryant, Mary A. Sadlier, Mrs. A. H. Dorsey, Father Boyce, Dr. J. Huntingdon, Mary I. Hoffman, Miss M. A. Tinker, Rev. A. J. O'Reilly, and George H. Miles. In the religious and controversial field, Archbishop Kendrick, Father Pecker, Father Thebaud, Father De Concilio, Fatler McLeod, VicttrGeneral Preston, Rev. Clarence A. Walworth, Father Weumger, Rev. James Kent Stone, the late Archbishop and the present Bishop Spaulding, Dr. Brownson, Dr. Cummings, Bishops Rosecrans, McGill, Hewit, Ives, Manahan, Burnet, Muller, and Tissot. In poetry, McGee, Savage, Miles, Ryan, Rouquette, Mrs. Ford, O'Reilly, Howard, Collins, Colonel O'Hara, Williams, and Scanlan. Colonel O'Hara was the author of that admirable poem, "The Bivouac of the Dead," written on the occasion of depositing the remain3 of the Ken tucky Boldiers who fell in the Mexican war beneath a monument erected in their honor. We may be pardoned for giving the first stanz«:

"The mufBeddrum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo No more on life's parade shall meet

That brave and fallen few: On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread, And glory guards with solemn sound,

The bivouac of the dead/' rvl'

Wie gather, then, from this review of our subject that the Catholic church in the Republic is making some advance in the Selds indicated. Whether this progress is as great as might be expected is not so certain. It is probably true that the woik of the Roman church in this country has uj to this time been one of preparation. She has sowed much seed the harvest is to be reaped hereafter it may be great,or it may be disappointingly small. f:

SLEEPLESS^IIE WITT, The Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Times writet:

Some strange stories are told of Hewitt, which would be very amusing if they did not relate to his malady, insomnia. It is probable he sleeps fewer hours than any man in America. He is gradually dying for want of sleep. One year he had quarters near Welcker's, and he was driven wild, or imagined he was, by the crowing of a COCK. He had complained of it for some time, but the cock crowed all the same. Finally, in a fit of desperation, he told Welcker's colored man John, that he would be d—d if he could stand it any longer, and he would give $5 for that d—d rdoster's head. John is a thrifty lad of few words. He left the threatening presence, and sought the owner of the cock. He had no difficulty in buying the fowl for 75 cents, and the wringing of his neck was quick work. He placed the head upon a 9alver, like John the Baptist's, and- presented himself before the congressman, salver in hand. This made Hewitt laugh but he paid the $5. John njsxt sold the dead cock to Mr. Welcker for 50 cents,"and cleared $4 75 for his morning's work. Last year Mr. Hewitt occupied quarters in the house where Mr. Fish lived during his whole term of Secretary of State. Some time before the session he sent his man out to engage quarters. Money was no object, and the man, obedient to' instructions, hired not only rooms for Mr. Hewitt's own use, but those all around them and above them. These he kept idle in order to prevent others getting them, and using them. The noice of anybody walking disturbed him greatly, and by hiring all the rooms hd was sure ofbeing reasonably quiet. Thus, having a longer purse than Senator Conkling, he hired the apartments that the latter had previously occupied,arid intended to occupy again,and that created an ill feeling for a while. Mr. Hewitt owns a great many homes, but he can sleep in none of them. Sometimes he will fancy he can 6leep at a certain place. He at once buys or builds a house there, but the voice that followed the Wandering Jew, "Go on! Go on!"continued to pursue him. He is merely waiting for the great hereafter, where there is rest lor the weary

THE PENDULUM CLOCK. It is generally recognized that the invention of the pendulum clock dates from about the middle of the seventeenth century, But the credit of the invention ha* been attributed to different persons. The subject has been gone into very fully by M. Gerland, whose researches are published in Ann. der Physik und Chemic, No. 3, 1878, and he is led to the conclusion that neither Burgi nor Treflter has the least claim. The credit belonged to Galileo and Huyghene, who made the invention independently, but as it was made by Galileo fifteen years earlier, the pendulum clock may be regarded as a work of Galileo's.

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Full particular? In onr pamphlets, Which, we desire to send by mall to every one. The Specific Medicine sold by all drujc-' gists at tl per package, or six packages for $6, or will be sent by mail on receipt- ot the money, by addressing

The Gray Medicine Co.'

No. 10 Mechanic's Block. Detroit, Mich. Sold in Tcrre Haute, In J., at wholesale and retail by Gnlick A Berry, Wholesale agents.

SoH at retail by Grooves in Lowry, Cook ft BeH, W. E. McGrew & Co., and by responsible drugzlsts.

mmmmm— mm

The New French Combination

Microscope and FloroscopeJ

Life in water

For examining Animal wers, Minerals. fectlinon glass, and counterfeit detector. Agents wanted everywhere, exclusive territory free. $10 to $1C it day can be made by goodarents.

Flowers, Minerals. Seeds, 4c. Isalso a per-

Sample and inatructions sent by mall on receipt of $L 00, or by Express, C. O.U. This is the simplest microscope over Invented, and will accomplish anything obtained by a $35 Mifcroscepe, and la free from inclined lenses or glasses Address

C. PROCTOR CO.,

679 Broadway, New Yor*.

AGENTS WANTED FOR DR. MARCH'S NEW BOOK

From Dai to Dawn

In this if ew voluthe Ithe Popular (Author of NIGHT SCENES IN THB BIBLE portrays witn vivid and thrilling force the events of Sacred Truth, and adds fresh testimony to the beauty, pathos and sublimity oft the Stories of the Bible. Agents will find thia Book with its sparkling thoughts, beautiful engravings, and rich bindings, the best lathe market. Terms Liberal. Circular* Free J. C. McCtranr A Co., Cincinnati, O.

Prjvateln

^Slight or Recent cureable within days, for $lo.

Haahsed Speed! Heatored without medicine. Write or call at the Old Estatn. lished Western medical Institute 36« Vine St., CiNCINnati, OHIO. Advice

Diseases

are of

White

is for the hu

Yellow

is for horses

heep, and other animals. Testimonials of the effects produced by these remarksable Preparations 'are wrapped aroun every bottle, ynd may be procured of any druggist, on by mail from the office of THE CENTAUR COMPANY 8 Dcj Street, New York City.

Confidential.

Linus B. Donehle.

Jastlc« ml the Peaceaad Collecting Agemtt

v..

Ottue o. 33S, Ohio Street, south of the Public aquare, Hicacox Oflce, will execute deeds of conveyasee, Ipowers of attorney Legal noticca.ftcn Me.

OesdMewste all NI mt Easplay•••t. We will send free by mail to any one desiring apleasaat and profitable employment, beaut if «1 Chromoann confidential circular of "•1 American and European Chromo Comay showing how to make nioney. We save something entirely new, such as has never been offerM to the public before. There lots of money in it for agents. Address, closing at-cent stamp for return postage

Chromo, F. GutAtoM,l9fEssex street, Bost». M*ss.