Terre Haute Weekly Gazette, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 5 September 1878 — Page 2

Hew femnifct'cial^ Cr Caused and What Done td Alleviate Them.

Mr. H'ewiU'8 ConimfA&'Sdsteningr J. J- Hindu— man and F. B. Thurder. 'tM

From ibe N. T. World, Sunday, August 25. Mr, Hewitt and Mr. Rice, of the Congressional Labor Committee, sat yesterday in the Post-Office. Mr. John J. Hinchman was the'first witness. The sudden money making incident to the •war had, in his opinion, brought about an extravagance. Two years after the civil strife an. effort was made to return to a specie basis. The result was temporary depression, with a prolongation of the ''flush" times quickly succeeding. From tables Mr. Hinchman showed a falling off of production as., compared with the increase of population from 1850 to

i860

as to eighteen articles of

general consumption. Twenty-six articles, chiefly agricultural, barely showed natural increase. Manufactured articles, from

i860

1870,

showed that they had

increased, while agricultural products decreased during the same period. The main cause of distress, he thoueht, arose from the bad distribution of labor. A6 a whole, laborers are not in want, but in some places there is great distress among them, chiefly in localities where they are not wanted. He thought that plenty of •work might be found outside of cities for those who want it.'^Staying in cities awaiting ."better timet," he thought, only added to the distress. Increased demand for mechanical laborers during the war brought many from agricultural labor •who should return to it. The 'remedy lies in getting them back to agricultural pursuits. He suggested' that the government Should assut provicfent workingmen.. A government 6aving6 bank system he'thouf ht entirely within the province of government.

Mr. Hewitt said that the committee had received many valuable suggestions uoon the subject which would appear in their report. The chairman then asked •what Mr. Hinchman thought of the free transportation of laborers to Western lands.

Mr. Hinchman thought that people •who were worth transportation would not seek homes in any such way. That he considered outside the province of the government. Any discrimination on the part of the government-, would cause trouble and do little good to thpse. needing aid or to the country. .Readjustment of the demand and supply of labor he thought must come from natural causes. ..

Mr. F. B. Thurber, of the, wellrknown firm (X grocers, was the next witness. The depression of business, he said, is not peculiar to this country, but exists the world over general causes therefore exist, although they differ in effect in different places the wisest counselors do not Attribute the troubles solely to the introduction of labor-saving machinery or abuses of corporate organisations or the currency or intemperance, many of which have greater or less influence. Steam and electricity, he.* thought, were the primary causes of the ills. These, together with machinery, have revolutionized both production and comitoerce, alter* «d manners and customs of life and. absorb the attention of statesmen in the

adjustment of organic law, to satisfy privilege, when Mr. Hewitt interrupted changed conditions. Steam and machinery having vastly increased the productive capacity of the world, it is natural that markets should be more frequently overstocked than in former eras. An overstocked market means a commercial crisis, with its attending phenomena of declining prices, idle manufactures and distressed opera lives. The merchants who supply those operatives suffer as well, because, the purchasing power of their customers is "reduced. In 6hort, just such a state is J| produced as that through which we are passing. The remedy is to wait until consumption catches up again with pro .duction* That time, Mr. Thurber thought tsfiis at hand. How long these recurren periods of depression will last is uncer jptain. Th'ey will certainly recur more frequently but be bis protracted than -/^•whenthe productive capacity of the /•world was less. Hence,, the laboring classes are vitaly. interested and seek by limiting hours of labor to limit production. By so doing the}- increase the value of their own services, increase the price that must be paid for a given piece of work and limit the tremendous competition which they sustain from machinery.

Their satisfaction has-a substantial basis, and .while some of their demands may be chimerical and impracticable, others are just, and* ust be recognized on* way or another. The legislation of the last twenty-five years*he thought, had been largely in favor of capital and against labc r, and the middle and poorer classes are consequently sustaining an unfair share of the burden. Capital naturally evades taxation, but the imports from which the larger part of revenue is derived are unavoidable, and fall upon rich and poor alike. Every dollar exacted ,in transportation charges beyond what will pay a fair revenue for capital invested in transportation, in Mr. Thurbor's opinion,

is an unjust tax upon the public. How great it ,is may be inferred from the fact that the receipts of the railways of New York exceed ninety millions annually, which amount wilfpay 10 per cent, on the tcapital actually paid in by the stock ahdbond holders providing those facili ties.. Eight millions are derived bv the State from taxation, and any increase of it is met with greatOpposition, while the public 6iistains a burden for transportation many times greater than is needed for government. This raises the cost of articles of food much beyond what it should be. One man consumed nearly as much of the necessary articles of food as another, and' the poor man pays nearly as much 6f this tax as the rich Man. The latter is afV-ays the largest tax-payer in proportion to his means. The importance of the currency question, in Mr. Timber's opinion, was greatty overrated by those who are anxious for an increase .. of the circulating medium. All the paper and metallic currency of the country .' would be inadequate 10 the business cf* this city were it not done through the

$fecks a»d4rafts Xhrough

^learing»ioviie. ^Commercial* CredT vdliitribute lMirelr, pi so towards movin •the*\ great* s&lei<4of comjfiwrce. tijpo&ht Itbejjgr to ttt the tjjtamf stand as IT is now, nespne its ttfvor Of class inter-

In reply to Mr. Hewitt's questions Mr. Thurber discussed at length the railroad situation. He thought that, the future promises some such railway distribution as now obtains in England—the territory parcelled out between the large railway corporations. To regulate the duties of these corporations to the public he advocated a railway commission such as exists in the United Kingdom, with the powers to adjust differences between the merchant and the transporters. Hitherto in this country the great corporations have been able to crush all. steps tending in that direction, but he thought that when the burden became unbearable public opinion would suffice to regulate those matters, despite even such a corporation as the -New Yprk Central. Mr. Thurber was hardly prepared to say that he would advocate the. limitation of the accumulation of property, although he thought that, too, would be a question for the statesmen ot the near future.. "Imagine," said Mr. Hewitt, "that President Ilayes were invested with the absolute ownership of all real and personal property of this country, do you think that it would $lter his relations with the people of the country? Would they not go on accumulating, living, doing business* as usual? In other words, would he get more out of it than his clothes and biead and butter?" "Doubtless he would not," 6aid Mr. Thurber. "Statesmen have been saying that that was nil any man got. Perhaps their bread and, butter is a little better than some other person gets, and I have never seen any man who got out at the top who was willing to exchange with any man who was down at the bottom—supported a family in a tenement-house, say ?wij 4t,

Genei al Silas R. Kenyon inVited to leu wnat he knew. "You are a mechanic?" Mr. Hewitt asked. "Yes, sn in-ven-tor, a mechanic—one of the boys," the general answered. He attributed the labor troubles to indifference to the ballot, and was proceeding with an apostrophe to that inestimable

him with an inquiry for some suggestion of redress. General Kenyon said that a protective revenue tariff was wanted— one that would fui nish revenue to Government and protect home industry eo as to furnish plenty of work.

Point out some remedy," said Mr. Hewitt. "There are too many people* in the cities," General Kenyon replied. "There are too many unemployed laborers machinery has taken their places. Massachusetts ten years ago had

thltik the evidfni rjepd akthe ic& I twnk

ests as against the general public, rather ipfaUnLs.are the voice of one crying in than keep the commercial community in wiltterness? A.

suspense over proposed changes. Re* garding intemperance, Mr. ^Thurber thought that more might be dotie- by taxing heavily spirituousJiqu^rs^nd substituting lighter beverages, and so creating a temperance sentiment in its truest sense. How far legislation oath corrieit this evil, as well as the others from which the country is suffering, Mr. Thurber thinks a debatable question. By investigation it can try the effect tf labor saving and labor displacing machines and tax their product in favor of human labor. Itcanredres6 tariff wrongs. It can investige and may eventually correct transportation abuses, but one trouble is that the Jaboring classes expect too much4of legislation. "They'certainly are determined to have something and the sentiment of the comihunity is in favor of giving them all that is right and practicable. Whether the laborers have shared equally with other classes in the general advancement is a question for the committee to ascertain. '"In my opinion," said Mr. Thuber, "they have not and some changes—great changes—are necessary' before our laws can be made to meet the requirements of great and unrecognized alterations in the condition of things which have taken place within the last quarter of a century.

30,000

shoemakers than she employs to'day, and yet she turns out

72,000,000

shoes." "That is a good thing for those using shoes,'is it not?" Mr. Hewitt asked. "Certainly," said General Kenyon, somewhat disconcerted. He turned the subject at once to other subjects, recommending a postal savings bank under Government control, giving, ."say, .0365 per cent interest," That would encourage saving, he thought Then all who desired should be transported free •to unoccupied western lands. He thought it unwise to discourage this outlay, because otherwise valueless lands would be made productive and. EO reimburse the Government for the outlay.

The committee will listen to Mr. George Walker and Mr. C. H. Marshall on Monday. From the N. Y. World, Tuosday, August 17.

Mr. Hewitt-laid the following postal card before the labor committee yester-

day. It is dated at Baltimore Mr. HeWltt. DKAR SIR: Cannot you u?e your talent to abetker pufp^se than to ridicule theJttboring man? You have made it a point to gather op all the crazy men of New York, and show them np as a sample of Anferlcan mechanics but we see thowgh your coatemptible'kame. You are a fraud, a bad counterfeit, and every intelligent workingman can see ocr game.

JOHN PITEES.

The committteft, Mr. Hewitt explained, had striven in every way to get actual working-men before them. At the opening sessions the witnesses were volunteers and all who offered were heard. If Wild theories were uttered by men who styled themselves working-tt/en it was not the fault of the committee^ and if genuine and sensible Working-men would offer their views, either in person or writ:.ng, they would be properly regarded. Those who could hotleive their work might-write letters, and the' facts therein would be embodied in the official report. Cross-examination had been offered to every witness, and if some of the social theorists had failed to stand the examination and had carried themselves to ridiculous extremes it was no fault of the committee.

Mr. Cnas. H. Marshal!, the shipping merchant of the well-known Black Ball line, was then called and testified: The shipping trade with which I have been connected is in a dying condition. I am thankful to 6ay I am not a large capitalist, for the larger a man is in that respect now the poorer he is. I am, I am free to

Ta™E HAUT^'.W^i^LY GAZETTE. 96

sssas

a -Bloated

er. fair!

cSHbf a se expr^ion

Mfc. Hewitt-fc-You thinlr thes?*fcom-

5,921,285,

tonnage was

the

about it.

Yes that's about

The workin'gmen listen to these cries and are nvUe{L New leaders are needed and

le# *i«w£ Mr. Hewitt—I think if you would ex plain your views on the 'Ibip(3n|^i3e' specially it would be valuable. .Mr. Marshall—Prior to

while the foreign-

2,352,911

tons in

1876

the

excess in favor of foreign tonnage was 5,287,876 tons. We are the only country that prohibits the purchase of ships where they can be most cheaply procured. There seems to be a national pride which makes us look down on foreign nations, and, a« a Senator said to me, '"What have we to do with foreigners?" Prior to 1849 England had the same rules of prohibition that we have now we .kept the old law. n* .-t,"

Mr. Hewitt—What ergument do you make for the abolitipn of all navigation laws? A.—Ic enables citizens to obtain the implements of industry where they Can be got cheapest.

Mr. Hewitt—Nov have our navigagation laws interfered with getting our business done more cheaply or of cheapening our commodities? A.—I do not think so for what our American ships ha,ve failed to carry, foreign bottoms have carried. But there is a large class thrown out of employment here. Had those laws not been in existence we could have gone and bought iron ships when they pushed wooden ships from the ocean, but we could only go on building wooden ve3sels which we had no chance to use to advantage. It is true we have avoided the possibility of having useless iron ships on our hands. Our coasting ttade is a monopoly, and I would not be in favor of throwing op^n the coasting trade to the world—not for a time. English capital might take possession of it.

Mr. Hewitt—Is not the lesson of our shipping experience that if the whole thing were -thrown open our products would be taken abroad at the cheapest rate, and that we in return would get what we want at the lowest rates? A. —Yes lam a free-trader.

Mr. Hewitt—You think our industries have been protected to death? A, Yes in a measure.

Mr. Hewitt—Then how do you ex. plain the depression of England, where free trade existo? A. because the United States is now a poor customer and, does not buy. "W

Mr. HemtS^Now, is it nof'true that our exports last year were greater in volume and in value than before. How do you explain that? A. We are pacing our debts.

Mr. Hewitt—Ah, we ate our cake and are now paying tor it as the sail6rs say, we are working a dead horse.

Mr. Hewitt—:What do you propose in the way of legislation? A. Well with all due difference to the body which you represent——

Mr. Hewitt—Oh, you need not be at all delicate about hitting the body, of which we are members. We are busy doing that ourselves faiost of the time, and when we res: the newspapers keep it up. A. Well. I think there has been too much legislation.

Mr. Hewitt—Well,you are a bondholder now would you care to take greenbacks for your bon^s? A. If I were compelled to take greenbacks 1 would take them and turn them into gold, and take the next steamer awav from this country.

Mr. Hewitt—You are a free-trader, you say. It has been said that you gentlemen are liberally suppled with British gold. Have you ever received any? You need not answer the question unless you wish. A. Yes, I have received money—an anonymous contribution of £5 Once, that is all.

Mr. Hewitt—You kiiown the Cobden Club? A. Yes lam a member of it. Mr. Hewitt—Does that organization raise money to influence American public Opinion? A. Not that I know and I am a treasurer in it and would know.

M*.-Hewitt—Would you recommend us to report,in favor of an income tax? A. No I woujd not try to pur into play a .new set of taxing machinery rather put it on tea and cugar.

Mr. Hewitt—Now, as to subsidies, take South America can we compete if we do not grant subsidies as Great Britain and France and Germany, have done? A. The system is wrong, and while it has helped it has not entirely built up the wealth of these .nations.,

Mr. Hewitt—I wish |o bring out the fact that members of Congress have great difficulty. Whichever way they turn they are met by a practical obstacle and we "wish to cover the whole field. Is it possible for any one clas3 to benefit itself at fhe expense of the whole without »n any way injuring itself? Can a Congressman neglect to represent his constituents? Is it not so all round? Who there is to represent the interests of the whole country I have never been able to discover. There are a few who try to be statesmen, but they soon fail to come back from their people.

Mr. Rice—Would it not be an advantage all round if we could protect some industries A. It would be a tax to all most assuredly. You take capital from channels which are normally profitable to others—which are abnormally profitable.

Mr. Hewitt—Does your capital pay at present A, No, we run it fbr the ben* eflt of the laborer. I will let my ships go for half of one per cent, profit. If we lay our ships up we lose more than we do to keep them afloat and running. We are like the man having hold «f the tiger's tail—he will be killed if he holds on and .-•*

remedy for hard limes lies in a personal frugatit£, wWcMn many instances they fail to possess.

Mr, George W. D$an. iiere Mok£ up inland s£(f.lib krrshed td ieraelrcLAnd bring

with, tfSw

1851

we were

one of the leading maritime nations, exceeded in our tonnage only slightly by Great Britain. We had lorests and mlhes to furnish everything needed. About

1855

a transition took place. Iron

came in aa a material. We had no such iron-works as England ani she began to build in large measure. For a while our impetus carried u6 on, but the war came and our wooden commercial navy was swept away. Another cause was the Tariff bill. On one side we could not build, and the navigation laws forbid Americans buying ships abroad and putting them under the American fltgFrom

i860

1877

the loss was amost

grievous one. In the year 1S6 the tonnage at the custom-houBe of American tonnage was

000.

The committee will call to- day Car-* roll D. Wright, of the Labor Bureau Massachusetts A. W. Beard, Collector of the Port ot Boston, and J. H. Walker, the Massachusetts shoe trianufacturer On Wednesday^ John Roach will testify, after that the committee will go to Pittsburg and Chicago. They hope that genuine workmen everywhere will appear before them, as they find it, Mr. Hewitt says, comparatively easy to see those whom they wish to avoid and doubly difficult to call the thinking element of the working population before them.' pj ?. From the N. Y. World, Wednesday, Aug. 28*

Mr. Carroll D. Wright was the first witness before the Hewitt tommit'ee yesterday. He is the chief of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics, and compiler of the report on the labor statistics of that commonwealth. He handed in a copy of the report which lie said was founded on the census of

tdrat^o. The ^borePllM t)}& trtaa of Matfachinritt* are undoubted!# of a IAIM.capital grfwhich he pay* reyivlnt exe*ptintf4p© iHpj^^de. pest whatever. Mr. Wewiu—Tfiece is adkrc^y A BLAIF. fu^tce teithl^oupy thaF&no

-at

him a friend from more

about the* whole thing than anybody else." Mr. Hewitt said he would be glad to hear the gentleman from New Jersey, but that others were now chosen, and that his testimony must by necessity lie over. Thereat Mr. Dean said the whole trouble was due to the robbery of tariff laws, and went off speaking of "British gold" in a very uncomplimenta* ry way.

Robert F. Austin, a wholesale grocer, spoke of the evils of corporate interference in private affairs. Twenty-five years ago the manufacturing of almost everything was private, and when railroad corporations were chartered they, were not chartered to run hotels, shops, coal mines, and other manufactureb of wood and iron. This was a dangerous concentration ot power. We have eotto recognize the right of the individual to live as well as the corporation to succeed. A man backed by a corporation was worth twelve years ago about

$25,000,-

He died a year ag9_ worth.

000.000. Mr. Hewitt—Well, where did Mr. Vanderbilt violate his transportation franchise? If he did so the Attorney General will go into court and vacate that charter. Did Mr. Stewart do wrong in making his own goods after he became established? A. No he did not* ask government aid,' In regard to prices I think we are as good as were in 1S60. The people cannot rise any higher or be more honest than their legislators.

Mr. Hewitt—No put it the other way, and say the legislators are as honest as the people.

Mr. Austin—The trouble with people of capital is just as bad as with the laborers. Men who have laid up money have been robbed of it by the tax notion 6f mortality. •,

Mr. Hewitt—I say from a business experience of thirty-three years tha* /but

$25,000

$100.-

him

per cent, of our customers fail from rascality, and the standard of human morality is as high now, generally, as it ever was. (Applause.)

Mr. Geo. Walker, formerly ^'Banking Commissioner of Massachusetts^and for eight years President of a bank jn Springfield, "Mass., now hojding the position of Vice-President of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, was the next witness. He thought i1 was a too rapid generalisation to say that the cause' of the troutle was the 6ame everywhere. There were special reasons for our present crisis. It came from over-speculation and from the concentration of capital infixed channels, leaving not enough free from the temporary uses to which capital is applied. We have got to take time to fill up the vacuum caused by the loss of ready capital in over-investment in permanent lorm. It will come first ot all from the laijd—for the crops gp on, crisis or no crisis. The suffering 14 in the large cities and not in the country. The agricultural regions ar.e depleted by people rushing to the cities ,to avoid manual labor. A benevolent scheme to carry the people from the cities would help very much, but Government should interfere very sparingly in such matters. Labor is theiim to profit by good timAand the last to suffer. Labor ^cannot follow the fluctuations in ,prices, nor is it desirable that it should and when the laborer sees this year his employer getting large profits, he fails to remember that last year there was a loss, yet his wages ran on the same. "I am in favor," said Mr. Walker, "of a strict government supervision over all corp9ratipns,-created bv public franchise, particularly railroads, and it could be carried into manufacturing. Banks need the rtfogt dareful supervision. When a state gvfes1 a corporation right to live, that state should continue at least to know* what it is doing, yhere is no interference—simply to see that the corporation does what it promised by direct agreement and implication hen'the charter was granteu."

ot running thev can I

mum longer stand Many of the closeaHfcctOri

ri&^ bf New

England, the witness'said ^afereopening, and man? others are adding to their capacity. The JVonoske^g, Mills ot Manchester, Nl J£,}iavt£ jufet placed in

900

Compton looms. Touching the influence of machinery lie thought (Hat If

alt

the machinery of the state was destroyed and alt labor reduced to a manual basis, it would require over seven million people to do the work now done bjr A million and a half, and all the wealth of the state would be consumed in a year and a half. The people would be reduced to the condition of the millions in China and the East He could not say what would then be the result, but he* believed in God sufficiently to have faith that he would meet the difficulty.

Mr. Hewitt—Then why has not the Almighty taken China and India out of their irouble?

The Witness—I give it up.. "But what would you recomtfiend Congress to do in the matter to help the working-men?" was the question put by Mr. Hewitt. ''Adjourn!" was the curt reply of Mr. Wright, and it got a round of applause. "It would pay the country better," he continued, "to give each Congressman

not to sit than to pay

$5,000

for what he does."

Mrillewitt—Well, perhaps you are right. I confess I am -still trying to find out what my duties are, and I have been there some time.

The Witness—An econmical administration of the laws and the maintenance of the Government is of infinitely more itnport to the working-men than all the eight and teu hour laws that could be passed. It if the duty of the Government to maintain its coin and currency at all times at par with the gold standard of the commercial world. Taxation is the burden, and if it could be imposed on income a theoretically perfect system would be gained, but the practical obstacles are almost insurmountable ip any complex system of society^ "7* fl

Responding to Mr. ThompSonV'qtiestions, the witness said that machinery in Massachusetts dtfl not cause the land to produce any mdre,"and, therefore, if Massachusetts was cut off frotn the rest cf the world, the rhachinery would not help it, but it was an element of civilization, and, after, all, the advancement of the working-man did not mean that he should have a chance to eat more but that he should be a better citizen. He believed that an industry in its inceptidn should be protected until it could compete with the 6a:iie industry in other countries, and after that it should not be protected, and shocld only be taxed for 'necessary revenue, but he had, seen no conclusive, facts which would lead him to believe that a protective and prohibitory tariff would serve to keep, wages permanently up. In conclusion, and on retiring with the .thanks of the chairman,

Mr. Wright said the real road out of the present difficulty was a combination of hard work, economical management and the encouraging non-interferencd of the Governmeht,

Mr. J. H. Walker, the Worcester shoe manufacturer, was next called. He was once a journeyman, and now con ducts a business'of millions annually.:He has a leather yard and tanneries in Chicago, and employs

there were four

tflrm9

boots, employing

$£000,000.

$2.15

1S75.

Since

that he did not think that matters had grown worse. At present it was not fair to say that there was any .great amount of actual destitution in the United States —surely not so much as had been currently reported.-. Massachusetts had baen, in a measure,.j*elicved by the movement of the unemployed, but where such transfers were successful thejr were voluntary part of thpse moving and fought by them, though in many cases they were brought about by'charitable societies. It was not a fair or sound prosperity which waa brought about by depopulating a State, and this decanting would be a^ wrong thing for the Government to do' if it set up the duty of transferring from the cities, to the West. The practical difficulty would be in Selecting the right class of people. There are men in large cities, able-bodied and friendless, who even if a farm was fully stocked and presented to them would refuse to run it. They want the life and the excitement of the cities, and will have it at all risks and sacrifices. Government can do nothing for such men. If people were to be carried out as paupers they would not go in any large numbers, but if the Goyernment were to try the experiment of transporting willing persons good results

tariff j* th* oitiy*frotect»#n the trade ha-v, I hf(d from the flooding of British goodsiiup American. Igiferrett. In time ^this Wlmld bei dutgro^k, and then we would he the stronger fdrhavingjhad it. With* irf twelve months, tne wfness thongh^T all who were desirous of working- could secure employment. That is even passible now if men would use common tact in looking for work and $Qt crowd into ,,y the large cities. ^i

Alanson W. Beard. Collector of the Port of Boston, ^fib was termer!)?** manufacturing clothier, thought that some of the P*g*ent Roubles CfTO®' hahits bf ftrtneceitarr economy^ dh the! part ol people able* to spend money. Some sort of a tariff" he thought, was necessary, witrfeaa* w*s not very fi very fully questioned, and made way for Tho*. E. +HBJ 4 pabHsner from Chicago,^ who proposed a revision from time to time of the hours of labor, shortening them as labor-saving machineiy increased the producing ability qf the individual, and keeping K»$es the s&irite I

The witnesses-to-day are to be G. W^. Elliott, of Bostotf John Roiich, John M.^ Falk, J. S. Moore and Gso. ,0. Jones, the last-named a violent Gfeinhacker.

HOUB "CURES—We were (treat anfltorers from Itching filaa. tbe aymjitpiqa were aa, above described,*bSuse if Sw&ytae's oiat]v ment in a short time mide anerfoct cure.

J.W.CHRIST, Boot Athoe Hctt.e,84* N. tod St. T. C. WEYMAN, Hatter, SrS. Eighth St.,

Reade^'tfyou areruffer*tt|f from this dirf-frfv' tresstn* Complaint, or Tetter, Itch, Scald, Head, Rin* Werm, BarBer's Itch, utiy Crn«-F ty. Scaly Skin Eruption, use Swayne Ointment and be cured* Bent bv mail to any address on rQccUpt of price, (in currency otL,. nost.age stamps, 50 cents A box,'three boxe?,** 11.35. Address letters# Dr. awayne. A Son, 830 N. Sixth 9?rt*fct,Hittdclphla. No charge for adviee. Sold by leading druggists. «l iin Terro Haute by Bnntin A Armstrong.

BlaCk Cashmeres, Black* Alpacas ,V'j inouBNiNtt

•!C A

500

persona. The

losses to' manufacturers since

1873

shrinkage of values in the sole leather busines reached, he said,

$6,000,000,

and

the boot and shoe trade would shew a similar loss. There is now no profit for a capitalist in the boot and shoe trade. Manufacturers keep supplying order* in anticipation of coming prosperity. Of the workingmen the statistics and his own memory showed that in

1840

time the wages average

they

got) 1 per day for thirteen hours* labor, and in

1860 $2

per day. At the present

per day. with

ten hours' labor. The introduction ot machinery had enabled the men to produce about 15 per cent, more work, and of a better,quality. The working-people, hg thought, were.

than in

per cent, better off

1840

in their ability to enjoy a

higher civilization in every way. Mr. Hewitt—Can or do theipen work up fiom the ranks? A. Yes.' In

1S40

in W6rt!ester,

composed of seven individuals, with an annnal 'production of

12.500

Cases of

225

$250,000.

people and making

The pay was $1 pe'r day.

Not a single descendant of those seven is in the trade, and only one died' in comfortable circumstances. In

1850

there were eighteen men making boots, arid only one retired with any capital. In-1860^ twenty-one firms were in, and only two have gone out of business with money. There was not one who was the 6on of a capitalist. To-day they are twenty-one firms in Worcester, including forty men and making 150,000 cases of boots a year—a value ot

The average wages is

for teft hours' work. Of these forty rtren only five are sons of manufacturers, and I know of only one who was not a wage-worker or/journeyman. I don't believe there ever was a time when a man with fair ideas could not rise to be an employer, and the chance was never as good as to-day, certainly in our trade. In granting credit our first requirement is character then the fact that the man had been a journeyman and, lastly, capital. The hard times hive fallen most severely upon the skilled workmen wha 'would not take lower wages and upon the employers. I have never known a workman. hone?t and frugal, who was not in corrvbrwable circumstances, Unless son.e calamity overtook him- I'don't think a man can be a useful citizen unless he has a desire to acquire' property. The capitalists are ready to uo anything to lift the whole class—if anyboJy can—from any evils under which they ire suffering.

Mr. Hewitt—Who do you t&ink works the harder—actually—to-day, workman, or employer? A. Well, I would give $5,000 a year if I could do my Present business and work no harder than I did on the bench.

Mr. Hewitt—And who gets the largest percentage of the profits? A. Well, there are no profits for the employer. Tne workman must get more—hr he cap art get less. The majority of workmen are not ready to rise from their present condition. An offer at one time made by me to my workmen to such as had savfed capital to-join with me was

might in a measure follow. The indus- availed of by only one or two. The

S I S 1

At ?5c, 85c, $1.00. $1.25. $1.35* $1.50, up to $3.00 per yard.' "tn

Black.. Cashtteirfo!

*0ur fallfnipiiriailan nnw openIng at 50c, 60c, 75c, 85c, 90c, and $I OO per yard. The best ever sold for the money.

Black Alpacas Handsome goods, at 20c, 25c, 30r., 35c, 40c, 50c par yard.

Mourning DressGoods!

Henrietta. Cloths, Bombazine^ Tamise Cloths, Mourning Cashmeres, Crepe Cloths, Baratheas, Merinos. De Laines, etc.

It will be to your Interest to examine and price our goods before buying.

Hcbei^, Root & Co, OPERA nOli'SK.

4 I

ITCHING PILES. The symptoms are moisture, like perspiration. loaaiM itqhior Ms increased by scratching, very aUtrossng particularly atnlfrhtiaf It pi* wontts WW crawling In and about the rectum, tno private parts arc. sOMettfcMft affected ifattofr to continue, very serfousresults may follow. DR.SWAYME'S ALL HEALING OINTHKNT is a pleasant sore cure.

E S S O O S

03 ant stock at low prices.

V/. ,4as I'

oberg, Root & Co.,

1SS

t»-.

-OPERA HOU3IS* Invite ladies who appreciate a""'.' pure Black Silk, with no chang-V ing or impurities of any kind. Irf fhet, a silk that will wear a life- ,. timMo call at their silk counter and examine their magnificent/,/ ine of

rjls.'^aJ

BIjACK

't.fXitta 11. t)

.V. II

From LOST

rililUlillo MANHOOD

SYPHILIS, er any other disease caught by Indiscretion, who have given np all hope, after tryng in vatn all the so-called remedies, wulond tho only sure relief by calling. at,or sending stamp free, confidential, an! ben flee IU advice to the Ws^sTliKl*' KIEDiCAL. IXtt'Si'S('IK, 187 Sycamore St., Cincinnati. Write or call and examine the Museum of Life-Size Models el cases cured, and you will be convinced it is tbe only inetitue that HAS and CAH successfully treat these ailments. No charge «o respen-, sible person- tor treatment until cared.

Clifford's Pebritatfe—-In

the cure

of Fever and Ague this remedy displays Extraordinary powers. Properly used, no case can resist it, and other diseasesof an intermittent character, including that most-distressing disease, periodical' Neuralgia, have been found to yield, with equal certainty, to its inSuence. It eradicates all malaria trom the system, gives tone and vigor to tbe whole body, and prevents disease from becoming seated. Try CLIFFORD'S FBBRIFUGE it is sure, safe, and soeedy in its action. YQM will never regret buying the first bottle, and you wili have discovered a friend you can not afford to lose.

J, C. RICHARDSON, Prop'r.

For sale by all druggists. St. Louis.

CARD.

To all who are suffering fi om the er)rs and indiscretions ot youth, nervous weakness, early decay, loss of manhood, &c., I will send a receiep that wili aua you Free of Charge. This gieat remedy was discovered by a missionary in. South. America. Send a self-addressetf envelope to Rev. Joseph T. Inman, Station D. B:We House. New York City.