Bloomington Telephone, Volume 15, Number 126, Bloomington, Monroe County, 19 May 1893 — Page 2

TEE IELEPOHNE.

By Waltkr Bradfut.

BLOOM INGTON

INDIANA

HISTORY OF BUTTONS.

Buttons are now made of all kinds of mar teriaia P orcelain, glass, metals, bone, born, India rubber, ivory, mother-of-pearl, are some of the substances used in their manufacture.

TOPICS OF THESE TIMES. BRITISH FEDERALISM. In the contemplation of the English form of government, the average American citizen is strongly impressed with the anomalous condition that permits the retention, at a vast outlay, of a royal family and all the paraphernalia of an imperial court, by a free and enlightened people, whose system of government in almost every other respect is credita-

Kta if rtrt Tiarfoni TriA rrwn.1 ot.tn.H-

In ancient times buttons were used but , A . K , , . ' little. Ciisps, hooks and eyes and various hshment in England, from the Queen articles made of metal and somewhat re- down to the most obscure Prinoe of

sembling scarf pins were generally in fashion for fastening together the two edges of any dresa Buttons, small as they usually are, pla y a more signi ficant part in the world's history than may be at first sight apparent To them is due tbe present stye of dress: witfcout them, western nations like the eastern, would wrap their clothes around them, instead of letting them on. Buttons were at first adopted as ornaments rather than for use. Thus, in the paintings of the fourteenth and succeeding centuries, they are frequently seen on the dresses of both sexes, but without button holes, and &o placed as to preclude all idea of usefulness. They went generally made of gold or silver. It would appear that the Romans retained the toga simply because they had not discovered any means whereby they could make buttons cheaply. Could they have fastened their nabiliments by some easier method than by wring strings or brooches, tight-fitting raim4tt would have been sooner invented. It was only toward the sixteenth century that the manufacture of buttons became a business. Button-making was at first a long And troublesome process. The buttons were formed of one solid piece of metal and were ornamented by the engraver. Afterward the engine-stamp and press for turning the molds wr introduced, and by degrees a button passed th rough a number of hands before it was finished. The manufacture of buttons seems to have made great progress during the reigns that followed that of William IIL, for buttons came to fce used to an extravagant extent. It was Um fashion for gentlemen at the end of the last: evntury to wear exceedingly longtail coat 1 lading very large buttons, tight buckskin breeched buttoned at the knee, and tied with bunches of ribbons, and when gaiters were' worn they buttoned all the way down. Covered buttons were introduced by M. Bander. He Inst his fortune in Denmark when Lord Nelson bombarded Copenhagen, and came ovr to England to try and earn a little money, not dreaming that he would more than recoup himself for what he had lost. He int roduced first a covered button consisting of cloth or lasting, with an iron shank. His son improved this into what is called th flexible-shank button, which, when made of silk, however, soon wore out. In the reign of William and Mary an act was passed in favor of button makers. This act prohibited the importation of all foreign buttons made with hair. Six years later followed another act, imposing a penalty of 40 shillings for every dozen covered foreign -made batten: imported. Many thousand men. women tud children in the kingdom depended for tbiiir livelihood upon making silk, mohair, gimp, and thread bottons wit!) ih needle, and a great number of throwsters, spinners, and winders were employed U pi jjaring roaterfcd for such button A curious button was made about a on tin-y ago and worn by the English dandier inn period. It consisted of polished brass, arid was rubd with lines so fine as to be almost microscopic. The roughness of the surface thus obtained broke the reflection of the iitiht falling on it and gave it prismatic colors. The beauty f zuctlier-of-pearl and its iridescent brillian;y are believed to be produced by three plates overlapping each other unevenly, and thus they disperse the light as they reflect it. Th bras buttons appeared iridescent from the same cause, and as they cct one guinea each they were highly fashionable at the time.

THE COLORED RACES.

the royal blood, is maintained an absolute superfluity, performing no function of government, at an outlay that is burdensome. If the entire Guelph family were to-day stricken

from the earth by some providential act, the government of Great Britain would move on at the same steady gait, harmonious and undisturbed. This condition of affairs is unnatural, and differs from that of all other monarchies. The Queen's prerogatives are nominal and seldom exercised, while in other kingdoms and empires the head of the royal house takes a very active part tn the conduct of the government for which he is responsible. It has been predicted by many, both advocates and opponents of home rule, that the adoption of that measure will eventually cause the present centralized form of government to be superceded by a federal system. If Ireland shaH acquire a Legislature of her own, and at the same time retain the right to vote on imperial questions in Parliament, as is proposed, then it is probable that Scotland and Wales will demand the same favors, and England herself will no longer permit outside intervention in the management of her local affairs. Thus of necessity, will come a federal form of government and the same course of events will logically result in the elimination of a monarch and royal establishment from the form of government to hold sway in the

coming years in the British isles. The Glads ton ians are prepared for this and believe that it will prove beneficial to the country. In the ease of Scotland, the principle has already bee:a practically conceded, it having for some time been the custom in Parliament to submit the bills relating exclusively to Scotland to Scottish members, and abide by their wishes. Progress is the watchward of the day and England can hardly fail to be influenced by the course of events in other parts of the world. Home rule, and in the end a federal government are likely to be established in the British isles, sooner or later. The race is becoming restive under the restraints of past ages, and crowned heads would do well to take warning.

A nerro committed suicide in Atlanta, Ga one day recently because hi wife refused to mend bis clothes and sew on buttons. George Woodson, the only colored student ever admitted to Beloit Coltego will deliver the address as Ifceloit on Emancipation Day. In eastern Nevada if; has receitly been discovered by cliance that the noble red man mingles manufactured squirrel scalps twith the genuine article. At ibe late Grand Council of the Six Nations in the Indian Territory, Thomas Williams was elected Sachem. He is the leader of an Indian brass band. It is reported that a Calera, Ga., negro Jet a rattlesnake bite him for a present of half a dollar, and that a clay poultice on the wound and a heavy dosa of whisky with plug tobacco in it saved his life. It is reported that a negro woman living near Sunny Sid, Ga., has two children boy and a girl. The girl she named I will rise and go to my father," but she calls her I wilier," for short. The boy's name is 4Only begotten son, in whom I am well pleased," but he is called "Only." The oldest man in Kansas is a negro, who is said, "on gxxl authority," to have been born a slave in Fauquier county, Va., Nov. 30, 1775, and he is, therefore, 112 years old. He is an inveterate tobacco chewer, and insists that if he were to leave off he won I1 die. Thomas Anderson, of West Haven, Conn., is so 1 to be one of the last dcenrtuns of the Mohawk Indiana He is 90 years of ag and in a fine state of preservation. He savthat he was born at East Hempstead, L. L, and that he and his brother, who lives at Fleming, L. L, are the last of the Motawks. At Washington, Ga the other day, t he entire population,, black and white, attended tike funeral of "Uncle Bill " Toombs, a colored man, 87 years of age, who wait from boyhood the body-servant of Robert Toombs. He refused to accept bis freedom at tbo close of the Civil war, persisting in remaining with his old master. When Gen. Toombs died, two years ago, he left full provision for Unc Billy's maintenance; aud no mourner at tt general's grave shed wanner tear s than did the faithful old African, who lingered thera long after the crowd had melted away. OF INTEREST TO VETERANS.

OUR FOREST PRESERVES. Americans have been shamefully wasteful of the natural resources of the country in many ways, and es

pecially and criminally so with re

spect to their legacy of timbered wealth so lavishly bestowed by the Great Forester. Millions of acres have been wantonly devastated for ao good purpose, and the product of ages of uninterrupted growth has t?one up in smoke and down n cinders and ashes before the woodsman's axe. Perhaps the truth of the Did adage that "wilful waste makes woeful want" was never so fc ciblv illustrated on so large a scale in any country, or at any time in the world's history, as in the United States in the past fifty years. Prodigality has been the distinguishing characteristic of the westward march of the "star of empire," and" as is usually the case with prodigals, we have suffered for our sins. Drouth and disaster, failure of apparently inexhaustible streams, disappearance of many valuable species of animals, trad other untold and minor calamities, have been the result of the foolish policy that we as a people have in the past pursued. But it is gratifying to know that a change has taken place in high circles, and that an organized effoi't on the part of our Government authorities is being made to save; American forests from further destruction. Aside from the Yellowstone Reservation, which was established several years ago, there have during the past four years been established by Congress three new national parks the Yosemite, the Grant and the Sequoia, the two latter especially to preserve the trees in the territory reserved. Besides these, fifteen other timber reserves were set apart by President Harrison and Secretary Noble with the same purpose in view. Thess arc the Yellowstone Reservation, adjoining Yellowstone Park, 1,239,040 acres ;the Sierra,over 4,000,000 acres, in southern central California; the San Gabriel, over 550,000 acres, and the San Bernardino, 737,000, in southern California; the Trabuco,

also in California, nearly 50,000; the

QifiL Sheridan's summer on the Massachusetts shore has given him a new lease of life. He looks younger and happier than lie has for Kome years past. Harry A Walker of Allegheny, Pa., is said to be the youngest soldier in the War of the Rebellion. F e enlisted at the age or 13 years and 21 days, ami was discharged on hi 17th birthday. Tas Bennington battle monument is o be amaty-fire feet higher than the Bunker Hill monument, and 75 per cent homelier, if it

4iM llSe PlCtUre' " Wd ar White 3ivei M98.000 acres, in Col- '

orado; the Pacific, in the State of of Washington, over 967,000; the Grand Canon of the Colorado, in Arizona, 1,850,000; the Pecos River, in

! New Mexico, 311,040; the South

Platte, over G83,0(K, the Battlement Mesa, over 858,000, the Pike's Pak, 184,320, and the Plum Creek, 577,700, aJl in Colorado; finally, the Bull Run, in Oregon, 142,000. and Afognak Island, Alaska. These, without counting this last, make up an aggregate of over 12,800,000 acres. Similar movements have been inaugurated by local authorities in several States. New York has established a Forest Preserve and an Adriondack Park, and the State will acquire large tracts of timber lands in the counties of the northern tier and in the Adirondack region. State Par, commissioners have been appointed with ample powers to buy and sell land with the view of enlarging the area of timber reserves. In New Hampshire and Massachusetts the same idea is gaining a foothold, and an effort will be made to acquire the White Mountain region, which is being rapidly stripped of its glory and beauty. The New Hampshire Legislature has recently passed a law establishing a Forestry Commission as the first steps in this direction. The region in Southern Kentucky and northern

Tennessee contiguous to Cumberland Gap is also being rapidly devastated by tanneries which have stripped the bark from the trees on thousands of acres, and a plea is made in behalf of this lovely portion of the country. The American Forestry Association has been organized, and a systematic effori is to be made toward the preservation of our woodlands, one of our great sources of wealth, and our chief resource for a reliable rain fall and an equable climate. OUR FOREIGN MINISTERS.

Many people, no doubt, are envious of the honor and distinction conferred upon plain American citizens by an appointment as the diplomatic representative of he greatest Republic on earth to. in man' cases, comparatively insignificant powers, and suppose that the apparently munificent salary attached to the position would leave a handsome margin of profit. Such, however, is not the case, and the politician who may fancy that an appointment as ambassador or minister to a foreign court would reward-him for his untold sacrifices for his beloved country, in the majority of cases would make more money by staying at home and ' sawing wood." Mr. Lincoln, our minister to Great Britain, has been a creditable representative and has lived hi a very modest manner, when his high pesition is considered, and yet he recently stated to a friend that his annual expenses have been 435,000, or just double his salary. The raising of several of the diplomatic representatives to the rank of ambassador will only make matters worse, as their expenditures to maintain the proper dignity of their missions will necessarily be increased. Politicians without an ample private fortune can not in the future aspire to represent this country at foreign courts.

The present salaries are inadequate for ministers, and ridiculous for ambassadors. No doubt iu the end the salaries of all foreign representatives will be increased, and in reason any employe of our government should receive a salary at least sufficient to pay the expenses of the of. ice which he occupies. The country is able to pay its own expenses without levying a tribute upon its officials, or asking for private contributions from people who aspire to political honor and preferment. PEOPLE. The monument to Gen. Francis Marion, the revolutionary hero, at St. Stephens, S. C, will be unveiled on May 20. Gov. Tillman will preside at the ceremony, and Gen. H. L. Farley will deliver an oration on Marion as a patriot unci soldier. The noted occulist, Duke Charles Theodore of Bavaria, a member of the Bavarian royal family, performed 1 is two thousandth operation for cataract at his private hospital at Munich, not long ago. His consort and the Duchess Charles and Sophia assisted on the occasion. Dr. Nansen, who hopes to find the north pole by letting his ship drift with the icOi for three or four years, is now in London making the final arrangements for his journey, and intends to start, within a few weeks. The picture of the Panama prisoners is described as a pitiful one. M. Charles de Lesseps spends much of lis time sitting on a chair with his uead buried in his hands; M. Blyndon presents symptoms of paralysis, and M. Baihut seems to be rapidly incoming an old man. Pope Leo XIII spends most of his mornings in the Vatican gardens catching birds with mas, a sport which he practiced when Bishop of Perugia, and of which he is particularly fond, Hundreds of birds are caught every morning1 and distributed among the hospitals and the poor.

OUR PLEASURE CLUB. How Beauty Leadeth to Destruction. Judge,

III.

Dusty Rhodes We expected to have some pale ale at the banquet, but we had to give it up. Fitz William Why? Dusty Rhodes Didn't have any pail. "There is wan thing Oi am thankful for," said Mr. Grogan; "Oi won't have to work for a livln' whin Oi m dead." Chollie Why. what is the mattah, ieah boy? Chappie I hawvo just discovered that it has not wained in London faw two months. And heah I have been going awound with ai'aised urnbwella neahly evwy day. Mrs. MeCallastor's Bright Idea. Puck. I.

IP

;Oi wonder wull it do?;' II.

"Jist me soizeP ,How will I enter the money the cashier skipped with," .asked the bookkeeper; "under profit and loss?" ''No; suppose you put it under running expenses." Why should we -waste time ;m1 fretv The marigold's ailre; Kach meadow had its violet. And every lisn its liar.

SUITABLE PLACE FOK LHillT HOUSE KEEPING, The illustrious Duke of Veragua At last has arrived in Chicagwa; Hut should he despair Of soe'ety there. He can take himself off to Milwagwa.

Profession vs. Nationality

Pucjc.

Immigrant Inspector Your nationality, please, 1mm igran t O i r ish . Immigrant Inspector What is your occupation? Immigrant Oifm a Frinch nurse.

THE FAIR HEX

MADE RY THE PRINCESS LOUISE. One piece of English needlework which is tccome to the Columbian Exposition has not only distinction of being designed and arranged by Her iioyal Highness the Princess

Louise, Marchioness of Lome, but t is also a remarkably pretty and convenient arrangement. It is a photograph screen, gracefully curved n shape and with compartments for several pictures. The embroidery is carried out in fine ribbon on shot drab silk, and each recess is surrounded by tiny garlands or flowers and bow knots:" Miss Jane Meade Welch, of Buffalo, N. YM is to give a series of lectures, next summer, at Cambridge England, on "The Finding of the Kca- World'

iJf

LOUIS XI. ROBE. A newspaper has been started in

2ongo by two colored women.

Miss Eleanor Calhoun, grandniece

f John C. Calhoun, is making some

;tir as an actress in Paris.

Mrs. Henrv Ward Beecher. though

ver eighty years of age. spends

lours every day at her writing desk. Among the 400 candidates already

mnouneed for the eighty seats in

he Paris municipality is Mme. Paule

tiink, the Polish wife of a French march ist. She entered the lists as

'woman, mother, Socialist and re-

ublican." She is best known as the

nother of a child named "Lucifer iatan Vercinyetorix Mink."

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'mm

Mil" M Ys MJM

A MORNING ROBE. Those who witnessed the arrival of

Queen Victoria at Florence after her

ong and fatigueing journev were

surprised to see how well she looked. During her progress through the

streets in an open carriage, preceded

y a single outrider, with Prince

Henry of Battenberg on the oppo

site seat, she bowed constantly to

the crowd.

3t

DESIGN FOR A TABLE OOVEE..

Miss May L. Hammond, last week, completed the thirtieth year of hei continuous service as a teacher, anc the whole thirty years' service was in one room of one building ir Nashua, N. H.

Off THE OUTSIDE

that is thci bast pUc to keep the hugeTold fashioned pilL J tut bb soon as you get it inside, it begins to trouble you. WbatHi the use of suffering with it, when yon can wt more help from ioctor Pieroev Pleasant Pellets f These tinyv sugaicoated granules do

you permanent

good. They act

mildly and naturally, and there's no reaction afterward. Conetipatioii, Indigestion, Bilious Attacks, ar.d all derangements of the liver, stomach, and bowels are prevented, relieved, and permanently cured. They're the smallest, the easiest to take, and the cheapest for they're guaranteed to give satisfaction or your money is returned. You pay only for the good you get. Nothing else urged by the deaJer, though they may be better for him to sell, can be "just as good" i'or you to buy. WHAT OTHERS SAY TERRIBLE ITCHING, JAUNDICE, KIDNEY TROUBLE AND PALPITATION OF THE HEART. TKKlSE PHYSICIANS FAIL. TO BENEFIT. ENTIRELY CURED BY LIVURA.

JLIVCRA M'P'O. CO,, Gentlemen I bave been very sick with Jv-

c Ice, was treated by t dif-

erent physicians, sot re

eiriag the least benefit

rom any of tnetn. My

(suffering was so great that

I eoald hardly endare ft, and everyone that saw roe said I never could get well. I was first taken with Nearalfle pains ia ;h stomach, vomiting offon A namb feeling in arms and hands as if they were asleep; pain in the bowels, with chills and fever. PalpStattoK f the Heart ; Kidneys vtrj badly affected ; and a Ireadfnl itching and stinging aensatioa of the skin, w: th hot flashes, till 1 thoc-ght the blood woald burst tdroagh the veins. My sKin was a dark vel tow, and the whites of my eyes yellow as saffron I saw one of your pamphlets and it described my case so nearly that I began taking LITTJBA. f had only taken 4 or 5 doses when I saw a change for the better I have taken 3 bottles and am ENTIRELY CUBED, thanks to PITCHER'S LIVURA I will willingly answer any inquiries. Respectfully yours, Mrs. Sakah J. Holt. 304 North 20th St., Columbus, Ohio. 3& LIVURA OINTMENT The Great SUin Cure Cures Eczema, Salt Rheum, Pimples, Ulcers, (ten, and all affections of the skin. Heals Cute, Bmises, Burns, Scalas, etc. Sold by all Prugfists, or by mail. Price 85 Cents. The Litcba MVg. Co., Nashville, Txkx.

Investigation of our Testimonials Solicited.

IS

G

It Cures Colds. Coughs. Bore Throat, Croup. Infl enxa. Whooping Cough, Bronchitis and Asthma A certain cure for Consumption in fivst tt&re, knd a sure relief in ttdr ineed st&f s. Us at one. You w i LI see the excellent effect after takirtf the first dose. Sold by dealers eTerywoer. Xrgtt bottlf s 60 cents a-ad $1.00.

he Davis Hand Cream Separator aa4 Feed Cook sr Combined Complctest of outfits for a dairy farmer. This machine has an attachment whkh, -when the bowl has been taken out, s dropped into the Separator so that a belt can run to the churn. Write for f urthef particulars. Davis & Kankin Bl Jc;. ucd ftlfk Co., 240 to 254 W. Lake St., Chicago, llE, Manufacture all kinds of Creamery Machinery and Dairy Supplies. (Apcnts warned hrvnuntO

THe Best Waterproof Coat - in the WORLD I

Ti.rt !TTni ltlMVn RT TPKITTI fa warranted water-

Lw-.iT atA wAt 1tmi vnn ,lrv fit thrt hnrrijvtt tlnrm. TTh

covers tlij cmiro saiitS lo. Beware of Imitation. Xton'tf

buv a coat if lo xsn urana ' is roi on k iiiubw

teU Catalogue trre. a. j, iuw li;, isosiod, im

PILE

Parmelcc'a Pile HuptK!ti-l.-Quick ltftHef and csitiTCurgTirB toed. Kan to ue. Sold by Drugvlsta

W"T sent by mail, poHtpaid. a box Pnrmche Uvd. Co.. lausUl. N. Y

BEST POLISH IN THE WORLD.

r4. i ri it i w ii

00 NOT BE DECEIVED

with Pastes, Enamels, aud Paints which stain tho hands, injure the iron, and burn red. The Kising Sun Stove Polish is Bril-' Jiant, Odorless, and Durable. Each packafti

contains six ounces; when moistened will.

make several boxes of Paste Polish.

8ASJNAKNUAl SALE JL3,000 JW&

31

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