Bloomington Telephone, Volume 14, Number 6, Bloomington, Monroe County, 21 June 1889 — Page 3

OUR BLACK DIAMONDS.

GREAT VALUE OF INDIANA'S COAX DEPOSIT.

It Underlies About One-Fifth of the State, and the Supply Will Meet Demands for Thousands of Clay County's Oatput. A special from Brazil Bays: Within the past two years Indiana has attained

prominence, and worthily, too, as a gas producing State. The extraordinary deposit of oil recently tapped at Terre Haute, and which, no doubt, underlies Clay County as veil, is calling the attention of the whole country, if not the world, to anothex and highly-important -division of our State's mineral wealth. The value of coal deposit, however, cannot be overlooked. A preliminary report on the coal product in the United States in 1888 shows a total of 145,363,744 tons, as against 129,975,557 tons in 1887. The value of the out-put at the mines in 1888 was $208,129,806, as against $182,556,837 in 1887. Indiana maintained her position as sixth among the twelve States and Territories represented a record unbroken since the period of the first great activity in the mir es in 1872. Her output was 3,140,979 tons, valued at $4,397,370. The prices paid for mining this output were 70 and 75 cents for bituminous, and 85 and SO cents for block in the aggregate ft good round sum affording a support for 7,000 miners. The output, however, shows a marked decrease from last year, but what with

by all that had made it even temporarily prosperous. Such was the picture of a mining town. The facts are: Near the close of the calamitous twin decades, Brazil, having doubled in population meanwhile, and having early become an iron manufacturing center of a large and winding radius, is moving along at a rate bewildering to the oldest inhabitant. Col. John W. Foster LL. D., the distinguished scientist and mining economist, in a series of letters in the New York Tribune in 1870, after unqualified testimony to the great value of our block ccal, with the spirit of unering prophecy that had foretold the development cf the Lake Superior mineral region, predicted for Brazil a prosperity commensurate with its advantage of being the center of the most extensive block-coal fields then known. The western coal zone embraces the rest of the State's coal area, about 0,400 square miles. The coal is almost wholly bituminous, a small percent, only being cannel coal. There is quite a rivalry between bituminous and block coals of late. The former is inferior. It is deposited usually in thicker veins. During the past two years it has been mined at 15 cents less on the ton than block. This gave it an advantage in some markets, but nothing serious till two years ago, when Chicago capitalists engaged extensively in coking it. The coke thus manufactured was substitued for block coal in a number of big iron mills, especially those of Chicago. Thin made block coal a competitor with bituminous coal, and explains why the two qualities must be mined at nearly, if not quite, the same rate. At present the block operators offer 5 cents more on the ton than the yearly bituminous yearly scale calls for. The block miners, wholly un-

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natural gas, and extraordinary underbidding by Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois operators, the only wonder is the decrease is not more marked. The coal area of Indiana comprises 7,000 square miles. Beginning in Warren County, it extends southward to the Ohio River, broadening as it goes, until at the river it covers Perry, Spencer, Warrick, Vanderburg, and Posey Counties. On its route it passes through Fountain, VenniUion, Parke, Vigo. Clay, Owen, Greene, Sullivan, Knox, Daviess, Gibson, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Crawford Counties. Its length is 150 miles, its averace width being about forty-seven miles. It is underlaid with twelve seams, at depths varying from the surface to 300 feet below, the average being about eighty feet. Five seams are almost constantly workable wherever met. These seams vary from one-half foot to eleven feet in thickness, with an average of four feet. The State's coax field is divided into two zones the eastern and the western. The eastern is a narrow strip four miles wide on an average, and 150 long. In it is embraced all the block, or non-coking coal, suitable for the manufacture of pig for Bessemer steel. Its estimated tonnage is 7,025,356,800. The quality of this coal is pronounced by the highest scientific authority as the finest in the world. The block-coal area of Clay County alone is 300 square miles, or 192,000 acres. The total depth of coal over the area is twenty-eight feet, nine inches. This secures a product of 10,500 tons to the acre, or a total of 2,000,000,000 tons. Placing the yearly output at 1,000,000 tons for the past thirteen years, and for the seven years preceding at 500,000 tons, there yet remains 1,983,500,000 tons. At 1.000,000 tons a year output the supply will last 1,984 years allowing only six months for strikes. Coal is not as as cheap as natural gas or fuel oils, but it is next in price, and is perhaps more to be depended apon. Indeed, with all due respect for gas and oil, the fuel of the future may have coal

as its base. .Now, the bu'k of the he a

contained in coai is wasted, only abofot 14 per cent, of the carbon being utilized. Pulverize coal and convert it intogag and all this waste will be utilized, yhis subject is receiving considerableattention throughout the manuf acturirg world and experiments at Scranton anci Chester in Pennsylvania, as well as elsewhere seem to warrant all claims made;; 9 Two tons of block coal are required to manufacture one ton of pig ir on. The capacity of the deposit, then, 'is 3,512 -378,400 tons of pig. This, .converted into Bessemer steel rails weigfitig sixty pounds to tho yard, or eighty-. Te tong to the mile of track, allowing & shrinkage of 25 per cent, to offset lea, 0f coaj and iron in the process of maiafa would give a mileage of 3,(99t4ift about 124 times arcund the wofcir The Eastern, or block-coal zlhne't 1. a9 intimated, much broader in ClEy thaa in any other county, our area cJbmprisinj? about one-half of the State's efatirearea. Brazil is thus the canter and Qbetropolis of 'the block-coal fields of In3iana, and is one of the best-growing Ifatle cities in the State. I Some years ago, just after he excitement of the first real boonk tnat has struck this city had died away pastor iOf a eity church, who had whit & pet. haps beet describeu as a literacy tendency looked twenty years izo the future. Our mines were then eihMugted, furnaces closed, and the city deLerted

accustomed to such opposition, cannot see how ths inferior quality can drive' from the market the block coal that has hitherto held its field against the world. But facts are facts, and they are frequently very subborn. Tile Brazil Block-coal Company operate nine block and three bituminous mines. During the past year their block trade depreciated 34 per cent., while the bituminous trade increased 90 per cent. The block operators of the State, who have a separate organization from the bituminous operators, believe that the reduction demanded by them is absolutely necessary to the block trade. A study of the coal product of the two zjones is interesting. Scientific estimate places the amount of coal in a fourfoot vein at 5,000 tons per acre. This would place the yield of the entire area at 22,400,000,000 tons. What a vast power! Prof. Rogers says: The dynamic power of one pound of coal is equal to the work of one man for one day, and three tons are equal to twenty years of hard work of 300 days to the year. Each square mile of land underlaid with a single four-foot vein holds within itself the capacity for the production oi power which is equivalent to the labor of 1,000,000 able-bodied men for twenty years." Perhaps $1.50 a ton at the mines is a fair estimate of the price of this pro ctuct. This is about 10 cents more than last years' price, and is, of course, speculative as to prices for future centuries. The sum, $33,600,000,000, is a big sum to approximate, for it staggers comprehension. At an average price for mining of 7(5 cents the product, all harvested, ufould secure in wages to the miners 16,800,000,000. In 1885 6,502 miners niined 2,375,000 tons. At that rate it wjill require the same number of miners 9,(432 years to exhaust the supply. Double the output and the number of miners and the supply will last 4,716 years. During the latter period a month's pay would aggregate $296,875,

rfr .vo to each miner, wnicn, on com-

arteon, will be found to be a fair aver

age for the time employed.

The Chicago and Indiana Coal Railroad, via connection with its Chicago and Easteip Illinois Division, is the principal outlet to Chicago and Northwestern markets- At present the rate is 90 cents a ton fTm Brazil to Chicago $1 is chargedkbut 10 cents of this is to pay the Vania"a for switching. This is quite reafeon8hle. wo years ago the rate was This roav at Brazil connects with the Evansviliof Indianapolis over the Brazil branJh, tbus connecting the lakes and the gull- ,wo rads traverse the coal field)? near the center from end to end. TheVocompanying map shows the system c' switches, or rather branches, oveifity miles in length altogether with w&ich the Vandalia gathers ud the coal dX the various mines by means of seven switching crews, when the mines are iri full blast. The map dates to 1885, but! aside from finishing the branch from Ashton to Saline City, but little change has occurred. There is a double track ok the main road from Brazil to Knitfbtsille. The crews do some hard wore on tttiese branches. In December they struck for the same wage s paid switchman at Undianapolis and Terre Haute, aad no dvOubt deserved the advance. -. "A grass wiiow" is generally one who is looking for " green fieM8 pastures nw.n Lov&ll Citizen. J

His Light Spring Suit. The stronger sex are veiy fond of insinuating that we of the opposite gender fix our minds altogether too much on dress, and they are wont to assert, on every possible occasion, that they are above the weakness oi caring for fashions, and that so long as their clothes fit easily, that is all tiiat concerns them, as regards their apparel. No doubt they believe they are slating the thing just as iz is indeed, it :a well known to bo a fact that a person may tell a story, which is utterly imaginary, so often as to come to regard it b,s the solid truth; and our masculines friends have reiterated the statement-, in song paid story, so many times, that it has como to be a fact to them tha.t they give no thought to dress that is, not hardly any thought. But the young man, in his new spring suit, knocks all the truth and ail the high-toned philosophy out of the argument that men are above such giddy considerations as dress. It is enough to make the observer feel the cold chills run down his back, to look at the young man aforesaid. How erect he stands, as if he feared that som -s of his new seams, being as yet fresh and untested, might suddenly open and leave him out in the cold world, unprepared, and shipwrecked on tho strand, of a heartless and cold-blooded public'. criticism. How cautiously he steps! as if he trod on eggs, and fancy egg&, at that, vhich cost five dollars a sotting of thirteen, and warranted to hatch pullets, or money refunded. How he holds his slim cane between his slim fingers, and steps into tho street to avoid the busy whitewashes who is abroad with his villianous pail, and his brush held under his arm, ready to leave a streak on any unwary fellow-traveler. He gives the boards marked paint a wide berth, and doe" not dare invest in oranges "all ripe and sweet at 20 cents a dozen" and when he sits down, he looks carefully at the spot where ho is about to dispose himself, to make sure that it is clean. For while a man in black clothes can depend on alcohol and benzine to cleanse him and make him over new, the man in light clothes knows that a benaino 6pot on his garments can be seen as far as you can see a total eclipse of the sun, and that the spot will come in sight on the horizon long before he will. The young man with a light spring suit on, feels like the first dandelion of the season. He has a sweet and subtle sensation running through his inner consciousness that his newT suit brought the sunny spring-time, instead of the spring-time being responsible for the new suit; he feels as if his townsmeu ought to be obliged to him for forcing on the season, and checking the eatt winds. He is straight, and slim, and unbending, and he looks with vague contempt on the men who slink past his brandnew magnificence, with seedy black and blue coats on, worn at tho button-hole?, and frayed around the pockets, with trousers baggy at the knees, and shiny at the seams. He has a new suit, and his reflection in the shop windows shows him that it is becoming; and he accepts the silent homage of the newsboy and the bootblacks with becoming modesty, for he '"s a man, aud, of course, he doesn't care anything about dress. Kate Thorn, in New York Weekly. How One of Maine's Old Time Lassies Won Her Husband. Perhaps the most romantic of all the tales of ancient Brunswick town, is that of Mollie Finney and how she got a husband. It has wild beginning, but a goo J, old-fashioned ending. In 175i the Eastern Indians were in a most warlike aud ferocious mood. Thev massacred many of Brunswick's settlers, and one night made a raid on the house of Thomas Means at " Flying Point." They battered in the door and dragged out Means and his familv. The settler fought them manfully, but his fate wafs sealed. Two Indians held his arms, while a third shot the brave man through the body with his own rifle. Meantime, Mrs. Means ran back into the house with her infant and vainlytried to barricade the door. With fierce yells they burst into th house again, and with one ball killed the infant and pierced the mother's breast. Molly Finney was Mrs. Means' sister, a blooming young damsel, high colored and plump. They siezed her in her night clothes and carried her off to Canada, giving her a blanket to help cover her. At Quebec they sold her to a farmer for $6 in money and a bottle of strong water. For a long time Molly worked in the farmer's fields; but he suddenly became jealous of a young French Canadian who was seen to pay her some marked attentions, and looked her in her chamber in his house. About this time there came to an anchorage before Quebec, a certain bold Capt. McLellan, of Falmouth, Me., in his fast brigantine. He learned Molly's story and secretly arranged with her a plan for her escape. One night he threw a rope to her window and she lowered herself to the ground. Before

morning she and her rescuer were sailing rapidly down the St. Lawrence before a stiff breeze, bounds for Falmouth. You can guess the sequel how they fell in love and were married. If ever a girl deserved a good huabapd, it was Molly Finney; and it is to be hoped she was a beautiful and true a woman as it did behoove the valiant captain to take to wife. One View of the Railroad Problem. It is now well settled that the State has a right to fix reasonable charges for railroad service. This right gives the public ample protection against excessive charges. It then becomes the interest of the public and of the railroad companies alike to have uniform rates and the most economical and elHcieut service. This can only be secured by co-operation between the roads. Without this co-operation there is an enormous waste, from which both the public and the railroads suffer. The interstate commerce bill forbids this cooperation and stimulates the waste and destruction of railroad property. It is for the interest of the public that there should be co-operation and economy, because of that way only can charges be ultimately further reduced There may have been more useless

roads constructed than are needed today, but in most cases the building was demanded by the public, and the companies built because they were practically compelled to do it "to prevent the occupation of the territory by other parties. But if co-operation wore allowed and the enormous waste prevented, nine-tenths of the railroads in the West would be making reasonable returns to-day and the public have better servioe. Massachusetts, after long years of experience, has discovered this, and has authoriz -d the consolidation of throe lines running north from Boston and two lines running south. Few here now doubt the wisdom of this policy. The public get better service, and there is au enormous saving. But t vventy years ago these consolidations would have been imjjossible,' and a suggestion of them would have blighted the prospects of tho most promising politician. In time the great West and South will learn that co-operation or consolidation are for the advantage of the public, and then railroad property will be safe. The only question is, how much bitter experience is needed to teach this. Boston Advertiser. A Remarkable Ocean Voyage. Five days, twenty-three hours, seven minutes is now the top record across the Atlantic, the City of Paris miking it on her last trip this way u remarkable trip, not only because it beats by two hours forty-eight minutes the best previous record, to-wit, that made by tho Etruria last June, but beeauso she is a now ship, and, at least for a small portion of the voyage crossing1 the Banks was slowed down. Thus it is not unreasonable to expect still more oi this ship, when her engines shall have become more smooth bv attrition and her commander more familiar with her characteristics. To many the mere fact of record beating will not compare in importance, with the fact of using double engines aud twin screws on so big a ship. With these and tho re-arrangement of bulkheads which they permit, the safety ol a ship is belived to be increased. Heretofore a steamer parting her shaft lay helpless on the broad ocean, her sole reliance the coming of another ship tc her rescue. There is another and perhaps it might be called a still more important :;actor of safety in the twin engine arrangement it permits the subdivision of that longitudinal section of compartment which heretofore has made the most modern ship vulnerable abaft the mainmast This contained the engines, and the boilers, and the gross weight of sea water it would contain was sufficient to more than counterbalance the ship's buoyancy. With the sister ships City of New York and City of Paris, this compartment is divided into two parts, a separate engine and boilers being placed in each. Should one of these be torn open by collision and flooded, it would not swamp the ship or even destroy her power of locomotion. She would heel over a few degrees in the direction of her hurt, a condition that, to a certain extent, could be rectified by a flight shifting of the upper cargo, if the sea was fairly smooth. In any eveut, the second engine would go on driving ita propeller as though nothiug had happened, save for the diminution of speed. It ought to be added that though the safety of passengers is still further assured by the new type of steamer, vessels that may be in or crossing the steam lanes have additional dangers tc fear, not for the greater speed now obtaining, for thay have not anytliing tc fear from that during clear weather, but for the desire for quick passages vhich it induces and the resultant haphazard running in thick w eather to insure them. Scientific American.

The Fellows That Win. I have been in the grain option business for years, and have made and lost two moderate fortunes, and my honest opinion is that there is scarcely one chance in a thousand that the outside speculator the man who merely bets on the fluctuations of the market will quit winner. He may be as shrewd as you like, but as long as he merely invests money on the question, '"la the market going up or down?" he is but a guesser, and in the majority of cases he is going to guess wrong. Three classes of men have a chance to win at grain gambling the broker who gets a commission, no matter who loses; the bucket shop proprietor, wrho t akes everybody's money and pays a little of it over to the winners; and tho millionaire "operator" (they don't call him a "gambler"), who can ftet hold of the entire supply and hold it for any price he chooses to name. Outside these three classes it's a hopeless battle with fate. I consider the poor man who tackles the "futures" dragon and gets downed the first time is the lucky man in the end, for a burned child dreads the fire; but the fellow who wins a little to start; on is practically sure to leave the business broken in pocket, spirits, and credit, and incapacitated for those lines of labor in which he formerly made a comfortable living. St. Louis Globe-Demo

crat. He Struck the Right Man. The other day an important-looking gentleman took a seat beside a quiet man in an Arkansas railway carriage and began a conversation. "I'm going up to Little Rock," he said, "to get a pardon for a convicted thief. I'm not personally acquainted with the Governor, but he can't afford to refuse me." "Is the fellow guilty?" asked tha man. "Of course he is; but that makes no

difference. His friends have agreed toi

give me $500 if I get him out, and the themometer is very low when I can't get up a good talk. Where are you traveling?" ."Going to Little Rock" "Do you live there?" "Yes." "Perhaps you might be of soma service to me. Wliat business ara you in?" "I'm the Governor." He wasn't of the least "service to him."

A life, generally of a grave hue, I may be said to be embroidered with oc- 1 eaaional sports and fantasies.

WOMEN DRUG CLERKS. C'rudua'p of Colle ges of Pharmacy Find j Employment In the West i "Why don't you employ female drug ; cloiks?" asked a Washington reporter ! oi a druggist tiwr other day.

"lhat has been tried in some cities." was the reply, "and has worked very well; but somehow female drug clei'ks have not yet become a fixture in Washington. I never had but one application lor a position by a woman, and she was a graduate of a Chicago college of pharmacy. I didn't employ her, not because I had any objection to takiag a female clerk, but beoause I had no vacancy. I don't know of but one druggist in the city who has employed a woman behind hh counter, and she was at the soda fountain." "Is she still there?" asked the reporter, thinking that with the advent of w arm weather the soda fountain was fully ripe. "No, I don't think she was a success. I've no doubt she attended to her duties, but you know men are peculiar. Some like to kick end swear at the clerk, and they can't do that at a woman." "But the regular business of compounding prescriptions," said the reporter. "Can't a woman do that as well as a man?" "I see no reason why she shouldn't. She is quick aid apt to acquire knowledge, she has a good memory, is careful in making her measures, and can certainly make tho pills, powders or solutions that may be ordered. A woman, too, is naturally neat and would be of value so far as tho fancy arti clea usually for sale in a drug store goes. But don't you know a drug clerk's life is an awful hard one? I stay in this store from 9 o'clock in the morning until after midnight, and I am on my feet nearly all the tune. Now, that would be very wearing on a woman, and I doubt if maay of them have thte physical endurance to stand such a tour of duty day in and day out right through the year. "Still," he continued as the reporter jotted down some notes, "I have no doubt that many women, if they should graduate in pharmacy, could manage a drug store as successfully as a nifin more so than a good many men but then she would hava a male clerk, and don't you forget ifc "Why bo?"Because she would put more confidence in a man thin she would in one of Iter own siex. That's the way with women. But there is one other difficulty that stands in i;he way of a woman's success as a drug clerk. By a great many people we are considered in the light of a physician, and men and women, too, consult lis just the same as they would a regular doctor. , The majority of women have not a? much confidence in a female as in a male physician, evea in regard tc their own peculiar ailments. I don't know that this should be so, but it is, and you see how it would operate against a female drug clerk so far as her own sex is concerned, while men, of course, would not consult her at all. All these obstacles may be removed in time, and we may have .female drug clerks, bun it will not be this year." They Wantt d a Reporter. "When 1 was working on a St. Louis paper," said an old newspaper reporter over his midnight lunch. "I had rather

queer ex:erience. I dropped into the office one evening after dinner, and the eity editor asked me to go up to Choteau avenue, and see what was wanted. A card had been received iisking that a reporter should call. I thought that perhaps there was a wedding or something of that sort, and so I went to the house. I rang the bell. A young woman opened the door. 'Step into the parlor, please', she said. I removed my overcoat and hat and entered the parlor. There were three young ladies sitting in the parlor, which was handsiomely furnished. ' "The young lauy who opened the door followed me into the appartment. I sat down, and to make myself agreeable., chatted about some conventional topics. All ifche young ladies engaged in the conversation, and before I was well aware of it, I found that an hour had slipped by. No one had said anything to me about what the reporter was required for, bo at last I asked: "Well, miss, can you inform me what it is that you wished a reporter for?' "The young ladies at this all smiled and looked at one another. I thought there was somethin g interesting, and I finally asked, boldl y : u 'Well, I am a reporter for the Democrat What can I do for you?' " Oh," said the young lady who opened the door, Tm sure thera is nothing,' a 'Well,1 1 said, Vvhy was the presence o:f a reporter desired?' A11 of the young ladies smiled sjid as last one of them said : u 'Why, Cousin Annie is engaged to a reporter, and as we had never seen a

reporter we thought we would write to the office and have one call, so that we could look and see what sort of a person a reporter is.' 44 At this naive reply I rather wilted and as soon as I could I got out of t he house. I often wonder now what sort of a rara avis thoso young women imagined a reporter to "be." Cincinnati Enquirer. 1 Tired Skeleton, Living Skeleton t only one in America, at dime xnueeunx) These foLks make me tired. Sympathetic Visitor In what way? 4 Here I am earning $500 a week as the greatest living skeleton, yet hour after hour, day in an' day out, one old woman after another stops an' chins an' chins at me about the things I ought to eat to get fat. Nev) York Weekly. She Was a Fast Female. Mrs. Cuioso (to her husband) What girl was that Mr. Faugle was talking to you about? He sail she was only fifteen and the fastest thing he knew. Mr. Cuioso Don't remember lus talking of aciy girl. Did he mention her name V Mrs. Cumso Yes ; Maud S., he called her, The hen may get the garden seBd by a scratch, but nhe gets it all the same

Penuoytr's Coat, A story is told in the Poidaud Orgonian by an Eastern gentleman, who vaa lately in that city, alout Gov. Pennoyer when he attended the centennial of the adoption of the constitution at Philadelphia two years ago. II ended witli a banquet at which 500 covers were laid. Oregon's governor was invitea to attend, and was deliberating whether to go when he met John A. Kasson, of Iowa, whom President Harrison haa appointed to be one of the Americaa members of the Samoan conference. " Kasson," he said, "is every man who attends the banquet expected to wear ft swallow-tail coat?" " Most assuredly, Governor." Then I don't think I will go. I have not worn a swallow-tail coat for about thirty years, and I will neither buy nor borrow one for to-night. n "Oh, but you must come," said Kasson. Gov. Pennoyer agreed to go if Gov. Larrabee, of Iowa, a "plain man," would go ; so Oregon's executive and Kasson went to the Iowa governor's quarters to ask him w hat he intended to do. Gov, Larrabee, are you going to tho banquet to-night?" asked Gov. Pennoyer when the room was reached. "I am, sir." "Will you wear a swallow-tail coat? "Not much.'' "Then we go together." Gov. Pennoyer and Gov. Larrabee were assigned seats near each other. When the feast was at its height and champagne was sizzling, and waiters wearing claw-hammer coats were darting here and there with savorv dishes, the Governor of Oregon cast his eyes, over the assembled diners, every one of whom was in evening dress, and, turning to his friend from Iowa, solemnly remarked: "Governor, we are 'the only two mei in the room who can be distinguished from the waiters." Gov. Pennoyer's last appearance in a swallow-tail coat was in 1855, when he was teaching school in Portland. He wore it when he attended church oa his first Sunday in the city, and was so abashed when he discovered the wide swath he was cutting in the backwoods town of the early days that he took the first opportunity to present the coat to farmer who lived near town. Senator IngalPs Warning, Sir, the bombs that shattered the walls of the Parliament flouf es of England and the Tower of London shook the foundations of every capital in Christendom. There was o Parliament house from Paris to St. Petersburg that did not tremble at that blow. Such acts are declarations, of war against society, and merit, aud must receive, the condemnation and abhorrence of all patriotic and thoughtful men. But, sir, there is something worse in society than dynamite, and that is the passions, the wrongs, and the guilt which make dynamite possible. The worst dynamite is in the soul of man Poverty, helpless, and hopeless op: pressicn, ignorance, vice, the wrongs ol centuries, are the ingredients of that minister of destruction. Every effoot has its cause. Tyranny makes the nihilist. Despotism makes the carbonari and the commune. The terrible events of Saturday con

vey a solemn and portentous lesson f No matter what opinion the student of history may have about the course of England toward Ireland for centuries ; of her policies in the Eas.t Indies, in China, in Egypt, in New Zeal&nd, in all portions of the earth where her power has been exerted, there c&n be but one opinion of the lesson that these oocurrences teach, and that is, that for nations, as for men, there is nothing ultimately so unprofitable as injustice. The thief robs himself; the murderer inflicts a deeper wound upon himself than that which slays his victim; a nation or a State that imposes chains upon any portion oi its citizens or its subjects places heavier manacles upon itself than those which bind its helpless victims and those who deny the rights of mankind or impair the essential prerogatives of freedom anywhere must not forget that behind them, silent and tardy it may be, but inexorable and relentless, stands, with uplifted hand, the menacing specter of vengeance and retribution. Extract from a speech delivered in the United States Senate. They Can't Get Rid of This Nickel. About a year ago some wag, polished off a nickel till it only resembled the coin of the realm in size and color. After it had been dropped into the bottom of the bobtail car box the driver eyed it suspiciously, and, evidently thinking the other side of the coin might be all right, he gave the decisive pull and let it pass. From that time to this the company has been endeavoring to get that nickel back on the rascally public. But, strange to say, every man who tears open the little envelope containing it and its companion piece always chucks the smooth nickel back into the box. Of course no driver can now complain, because the coin always comes out of the company's package. During its first year of Service it has taken about 2,190 trips, and, as it is getting thinner and smoother all the time, there is now no hope of its ever escaping street car service, except through the romantic charity of some kind deliverer or through the final dissolution of the company- corporation.Baltimore American. The Day of the Month. "Let's see, what day of the month is this?" That question is heard in the hotel writing rooms hundreds of times a day. One man after another site down to write a letter and hj to ask his neighbor. His neighbor likely does not know unless he has asked some one else before the questionor came in; and

the man who originally stated the date was probably able to do so only by referring to a newspaper which he was lucky enough to have with him. Out of ten business men who sit down to write a letter there is not more thau one who dares to date a letter from mem ory; aud tliis is probably as true of business men in general as of those who aru found in the hotel writing room, -Woy Time.