Bloomington Telephone, Volume 13, Number 34, Bloomington, Monroe County, 12 March 1889 — Page 2

Ma

BENJAMIN HARRISON.

CLE VELA ND'S SUCCESSOR TA RES THE OATH OP OFFICE.

TIliy ThraRMd People Throng the Streets Washington to Witness the Inaugural Xxercfeea Chief Jostles Fuller Administer the Oath. Washington, March 4. Benjamin Harrison took the oat h of office which mode him President of the United States at 12:li o'clock noon Monday. The ceremony took place on the eastern portico of the capitol, on which were gathered thousands of the noted public men of the country. The party stood facing the famous "Peace" monument, which seemed to rise from a black-waved ocean of umbrellas. The people surged into the plaza in front of the capitol, and as the new Fr aside at raised his hand from the Bible on which he swore to

leading Ifee capita the military began to group ready to fall into position in the grand procession which was to escort the new President from the capitol to the White House. A large share of the companies were formed into processions earlier in the day and marched to the capitol grounds, the divisions then being assigned to their positions in such manner that they might take their places in the grand procession after the oath was administered. The thousands of seats which have been erected along the avenue were filled with waiting people who preferred occupying them to make sure of seeing the procession rather than take their chances at the front of the capitol and run the risk of failirg to get back to their seats to see the procession pass. mokton Inaugurated. The Oath of Office Administered to the Vice President.

The ceremonies of inauguration began

INAUGURATION OF PBKSIDENT HAKI t'SON.

obey and preserve the constitution of the United States, a cheer so intense in its enthusiasm that it seemed to make 'Peace" wink told the waiting thousands that the formal act of the inauguration had been completed. mil MOUKIXG . SCENES.

Bain Sear ee 2 j Dampen the

Knthalam Washington, which generally sleeps late,

stir early. The beating of drums.

the sound of bugle and fife, and the marching and counter-marching of arriving troops were heard all night long and the dawn-ef nay saw Pennsylvania avenue and thsf neighboring streets busy with military and with the preparations for the events of tiie day. At all the centers there was great activity. Hotels were crowded to their utmost limits; so were the apartmentbouses and boarding-houses. In the capitol and deportments companies of troops of the "various States had been given temporary quarters and daylight found the corridors of the great buildings strewn with sleeping men in military uniform. As tiie morning wore on the bustle and activity increased. The great event of the

with the organization of the Senate. At 10 a. in. vhe Senate and House had named the usual joint committee of notification of the President of the readiness of the two houses of Congress to adjourn. The joint committee having been communicated with President Cleveland convoyed his answer to their respective houses that he had no further communications to make. The committee of arrangements then waited upon Mr. Morton, who was in attendance at the Vice-Presidence's office at the capitol. Having received their notification the Vice-President-elect entered the Senate chamber by the main door. His presence having been announced by the door-keeper the Senate arose. President pro tempore Ingalls standing said: "Senators: The Chair has the pleasure to announce that the Vica-President-elect of the United States is in the Senate chamber and if agreeable to him the Chair will administer to him the oath of office." The Vice-President-elect, having advanced to the President's dais, there took the oath prescribed by law, after which he was conducted to a seat at the right of the Presipent of the Semite. That retiring officer rising, pronounced his valedictory, ar, the

THE INAUGUBAL BALL-BOOM.

day was not to take place until high noon, and the huge procession of 50,000 people, military and civic, would not move until near that hour. Yet by 10 o'clock the long line of seats which bad been erected up and down Pennsylvania avenue began to be black with people anxious to see the spectacular features of the day. The great mass of people of course were deprived of 4 the privilege of witnessing the event which I took jlaoe inside the capitol, for but a f handful compared with those who are in Hie city could be given accommodation in the Senate chamber. At the inauguration proper, however, all are permitted to see, provided they can get near enough to the grand stand to do so. At the east front of the capitol a platform covering a half acre or more of aground had been erected and was gay with flags and bunting. On this were seats for a thousand people Senators, Representatives, the Supreme court. Cabinet, and other government officials, diplomates, and distinguished visitors. Adminsion to this was c btained only through the capitol, and the entrances to that building were carefully guarded to prevent the admission of any save those bearing the proper credentials. The great plaza at the east of the capitol, surrounding and in front of

the stand, however, was iroe to tne peopie, and there they began to gather long before the hour set for the inauguration. Positions on the steps of the capitol were at aTpremitim, as were also the places immediately in Iront of toe and stand. Long before noon the great pla7a was filled with jsjen and women, while in the park adjoining batteries were in position to boom the - announcement of the fact that the new President bad taken the oath of office. Sttfll Iwvend unon the streets and avenues

conclusion of which, the great clock of the Senate pointing at the moment of meridian, he declared the Senate adjourned without day. The new President of the Senate the instant his predecessor retired from1 his seat took the chair. The retiring President delivered to him the ivory gavel, the insignia of the authority of the body over which he presides. The Vice-President of the United States and the president of the Senate, Mr. Morton, after a few introductory remarks, proclaimed the Senate in session by virtue of the proclamation of the President, which the Secret ary of the Senate read. The newly elected Senators whose credentials were on rile were called forward in alphabetical order in groups of four by the Secretary and the oaths of office administered. TAKING THE OATH.

Benjamin Harrison Solemnly Swears to Support th Constitution. Senators Coc'crell, Hoar, and Cullom, representing the inaugural committee, called upon Mr. Halford and upon the President-elect at 10:H0 o'clock, and the finishing touches of the plans for the program at the capitol were completed. At 10:45 o'clock, Mr. Harrison and his party took carriages and were driven to Wiliard's hotel, where they were to meet President Cleveland, who was to escort, according to the usual custom, his successor to the capitol for inauguration. The delay at Willard's was very brief, and at 11 o'clock the retiring President and the one who was so shortly to be bis successor were driven to the capitol, followed by a selected military guard and accompanied by the Vice-President elect. The families of President Harrison and Vioe-

President als( followed in carriages, and on their arrival all were shown to rooms in tho Senate end of the capitol. Adjoining

MftS. HARRISON.

the Senate chamber are two rooms set aside for the use of the President and VicePresident, elegantly furnished and only a few steps from the Senate chamber. Here the three central figures of the occasion, the retiring President, thu President-elect, and the Vice-President elect, remained until tliti hour set for the great event of the day. The newly-elected President, who had been escorted from his temporary residence at :he Arlington hotel by the retiring President and the committee of arrangements and attendant body of soldiers, enterei the Senate chamber, accompanied by his predecessor and tne committee, and was shown to a seat in front of the secretary's desk, the ex-President and membeis of the committee sitting on his right. The Vice-President then announced from the chair: i4Tbe sergeant-at-arms will now execute the order of the Senate relating to the inaugural ceremonies of the President of the United States. M The persons in the Senate chamber then proceeded to the platform on the eastern portico of the capitol

in the folio wins: order;

Murstial of the District of Columbia and

Marshal of the Supreme court of the United

States, ex-President Hayes, ex-Vice-President Hamlin, the Supreme court of tho United States led by Chief Justice Fuller, the sergeant-at-arms of the Senate, the committee of arrangement, the President and President -elect, the Vice-President and the Secretary of State, the members of the Senate, the diplomatic corps, the heads of executive departments, the members of the House of Representatives and Representatives elect, Governors and ex-Governors of States and others admitted to the door. Upon reaching the platform on the eastern portico the President-elect, Chief Justice and committee of arrangements occupied seats on a raised dais. It was still raining and the party had to use umbrellas. The others of the distinguished parties present in the Senate occupied seats in the vicinity. .Before the stand were thousands of people, filling the spacious plaza east of the capitol and the escorting soldiery massed in the rear, the saluting bat

tery in the park and the participating soldiery and civic bodies formed in positions converging upon the plaza ready to swing into column when the procession moved from the capitol to the reviewing stand of

MRS. MORTON.

the President an front of the Executive Mansion. The President, as soon as the arrangements on the platform were completed, turned facing the Chief Justice, in tho presence of the people; the clerk of the Supremo court itdvancing between held an open Bible, the President resting the palm of his right hand upon the open page and repeating after the Chief Justice the oath prescribed by the constitution. Having finished the new President leaned over and kissed the sacred book as a symbol of acknowledgment of his great trust in behalf of the people and their institutions. Chief Justice Fuller then extended his hand in greeting, the Vice-President advanced and extended the same form of salutation on behalf of the legislative coordinate branch of the government. The moment the President placed his lips upon the Bible in response to a given signal the batteries in the park fired a national salute and the troops presented arms. Then the President delivered his address. The Senate returned to its chamber and formally adjourned for the day. The committee on arrangements having charge of the President escorted him to the state carriage, drawn by four horses, awaiting him at the Senate entrance. The President took a position near the head of the column, passing down Penns3'lvania avenue to the White House, where he reviewed the great proceision from the stand erected for the purpose in company with a large number of prominent officials of the States and nation and the diplomatic corps.

REVIEWING THIS PROCESSION.

A Magnificent Display In Honor of the New J'reldenr Thi procession, which was one of the longest ever seen n Washington, was arranged according to the historical rank of the States represented by the organization. The military and civic organizations of the State first ratifying the constitution had the iirst place on the list; then those of the second State to ratify, and so on till the end of the original thirteen States. Then followed the representatives of the other States in the order of their admission into the Union. The number of persons taking part in the procession, including civic and military organizations, is estimated at nearly 50,000, and the display is counted the grandest ever witnessed in Washington on any occasion of this kind. The Inaugural Hatl-Room. Tho inaupural bnll was held in the immense interior court of the Pension Office building. It easily accommodates 5,000 people, and from 2,000 to 3,000 can dance at on 3 time. A grander place for an inaugural ball could not have been planned. There is more room for gorgeous decoration find lighting than is to be found perhaps in any other building in the country. In fast there is nothing just like it in the Unilt d States. . The he ght from the floor to tho roof is fully 150 feet, and with the balconies running all around festooning can be done that would he impossible in a hall of the ordinary height. A novelty in a timepiece is a silver dog. The clock is set in his aide, a red tongue wags in his open mouth, and his t iil ticks oft' ihe seconds.

INAUGURAL ADDRESS.

GEN. HAKRISON'S FIRST FORMAL AD mtESS TO THK COUNTRY.

He ThinbK thut the Naturalization Laws Are Not tftrfngrent Enough Civil-Service Reform 'Will Re Knforeed View on Other Important Subjects. Washington, March 4. Following is the inaugural address delivered by Gen. Harrison: "There is no constitutional or legal requirement that tho President shall tnke his oath of office in the presence of the people, but there is so much app opriatoneas in the induction to office of the Chief Executive officer of the nation that from the beginning of the Government the people, to whose service the official oath consec rate;) the officer, have been called to witness tho solemn ceremonial. M An oath taken in the presence of the people becomes a mutual covenant. Tho officer covenants to serve tt.e whole body of the people by a faithful execution of the laws, bo that they ma fce the unfailing defense and security of those whoreexect ard observe them, and that neither wealth, station, nor power of combinations Bball be' able to evade their penalties or to wrest them from a ben-sficent public purpose to serve tue ends of cruelty or selfishness "My promise i i spoken'; yours unspoken, but not less real and solemn. The people of every State have here their representatives. Surely I do not misinterpret the spirit of the occasion when I assume t bat the whole body of the peopie covenant with me and with each other to-day to support end ds:!end the Constitution and the union of States, vx yield willing obedience to all laws, and each to every other citizen his equal civil and political rights. Entering thuB solemnly into covenant with each other, we may reverently invoke and confidently expect the favor and help of A1n ighty God, that he will give to

me wisdom, strength and fidelity, ana to our

PKESIDENT HABBISOX,

people a snisit of fraternity and a love of righteousness and peace. "This occasion derives peculiar interest from the fact that the Presidential term,which begins this day, is the twenty-sixth under our Constitution. "The erst inaugaration of President Washington took place in New York, where Congress was then sitting, on the 3jth day of April, 1789, having been deferred by reason of delay attending the organization of Congress and the canvass of the electoral vote. Our people have already worthily obser ved th 3 centennials of the i eci'aration of Indepen fence, of the battle of Yorktown, and of the adoption of the Constitution, nnd will shortly celebrate in New York the institution of tho second greftt department of orr constitutional scheme of government. "When the centennial of the institution of the judicial department, by the organization of the Supreme Cout, shall have been suitably observed, as I trust it will be, our nation will have fully entared its second csntuxy. Tho Natl: ' Glory. "I will not attempt to note the marvelous and, in great part, happy contrasts between our country as jt steps over thethieshold into its second century of organized existence under the Constitution, and that weak but wisely ordered young nation that looked undauntedly down the first century, wh.jn all its years stretched out before it. "Our peopie will not fail at this time to recall the incidents whioh accompanied the institution oi government under the Constitution or to find inspiration and guidance in the teachings and example of Washington aud his great associates and hope and courage in the contrast which tfcirty-eight popttlous and prosperous Btates offer to the thirteen States, weak in everything eicept sourag-a and love of liberty, that then fringed our At antic seaboard " Tho Territory of Dakota has uow,a population greater than any cif the original States (except Virginia), and greater ihan the aggregate of five of the smaller States i:i 1790. Tho center of population, when our national capital was located, was east of Baltimore, and it was argued by wellinformed person that it would move eastward rather than westward. Yet in J8S0 it was found to be near Cincinnati, and the new census about to be taken will show another stride to the westward. Uhat which was the boily has come to be only the rich iringo of the nation's robe. But our growth has not been limited to territory, population, and aggregate wealth, m arvelous as it has been in each of those directions. The masses of our people are better fed, clo.hed, and housed than their fathers were. The facilities for popular education have been vastly enlarged and more generally diffused. The virtues of courage and patriotism have given recent proof of their continued presence and increasing power in the hearts aud over the lives oi our people. The influences of religion have been muf iplied and strengthened. The sweet offices of charity have in-eatly increased. The virtue of temperance is held in higher estimation. We have not attain -d an ideal condition. Not all of our people are hippy ar d prosperous ; not all of them tje irtuous arid law-abiding. But, on the whols, tbe opportunities otfered to the individual to liecnre the comforts ol life are better than are found elsewhere, and largely better than they wt-ro loo years ago. "The surrender of a large measure of sovereignty to the (ienoral Government, effected by the adoption of tlie Constitution, was not accotnplishea until suggestions of reason were strongly re-enforised by the more imperative voice of experience. The divergent interests of peace speedily demanded a, 'more perfect union.' The merchant, shipmaster, and manufacturer discovered f.nd diticlofed to or statesmen and to the people that commercial emancipation must be added to the political freedom which had been so bravely won. The commercial policy of the mother country had not relaxed any of its hejrd and oppressive features. To bold in check the development of ou: commercial mHrine, to prevent or retard the estabiiBt inenc and growth of manufactures in States, and no to secure an American market for their shops and a carrying trade for their 8( ips, was the policy of European statesmen, and was pursued with most selfish vigor. Petition poured in upon Conges 8 urging the impOB ;tion of discriminating duties that should encourage the production of needed tilings at home. The patxiotir m cf the people, which no longer fcund a ueidof os iPtence in war, was energetically dir ctod to the duty of equipping the youn republic for the defense of its independence by making the people self-dependent. Societies for the promo-ion of home manufactures and for encouraging he use of domestics In the dress ol! tho peop.e were organized in many of the Huueu. tteviv.w at the end of the century of some mtrlotia interest in the preservation and development, of ucm.'stio industries and the defense of our working people' against injurious fo eigu competition is an incident worLhy of attention. "It is not adepe.nure but a return that we have witnessed. A protective policy had then its opponents Arununt was mode as now that'it s benefits Inured to par.lculur classes or sections, if the question became in any ocno or at any time sectional, it was only because slavery existed in some of the States. Bu for this there was no reason why tne cotton-producing btates should not have led or walked abreast with tho New England Stu;es in the producti' n of cotton fabrics. "'lborewas this rea son only why the Btates that divide with Pennsylvania the mineral treasures of the great southeast ra and t entval mountain ranges ahoulci have been so tardy in bringing to the smelting furnace and to tie mill coal and iron from their near opposing hiliatdes. The mill hres wer-3 lighted a the luneral pile of Blavery. The emmieipaiin proclamation was hoard in the depths of the earth as well as in the 8 by. Men were mode free aud material things become our better servants. Tho sectional element has, happilv, been eliminated from tho tariff discussion. We have no longer States that are necessarily only planting Btates; none are excluded from Hchieving that diversification of pursuit among tho people which brings wealth and contentment. The cotton plantation willnot be less valuable wh n the product is spun iu a country town by operatives shose nocessitios call for diversified cro)s and create a home demand for t-'osde.n and agrl ultural products. Every new miuo, iurnoce and factory is an extension of ibe productive capacity of the State more real and valuable than added territory. Khali the rrej adices aud paralysis og slavery owlrane to bang upon the skiEtB

or progress ? How long tfl tftpse who rejoice that Blavery no longer exists cherish or tolerate the incapacities it put upon their communities V Look hopefully to a continuance of our protective By stem and to the consequent development of manufacturing and mining enterprises in Htatos hitherto wholly given to agriculture as a potent influence in the perfect unification of our people. Men who have felt the benefit of their neighborhood, and men who work in uhop or field will not full to find and to defend a community of interest. Is it not quite possible that farmers and the promoters of great mining and manufacturing enterprises which have recently been esiatriished in the South may yet find that a free ballot of the workingmen, without distinction of race, is needed for their defense as well as their own? "I do not doubt that if those men in the South who now accept the tariff views of Clay and the constitutional expositions of Webster would courageously avow and defend their real convictions they would not fiud it difficult, by friendly instruction and co-operation, to make the black man their ernci n; and safe allv, not enly in establishing correct principles in our r ational administration, but in preserving for their local communities the benefits of social erder and economical and honest government. At least, until the good oifices of kindness and education have been fairly tried, a contrary conclusion cannot be plausibly urged. I have altogether rejected any suggestions of a special executive policy for any seet on of our country. H is the duty of the executive to administer and enforce, in methods and by instrumentalities pointed out and provided by the Constitution, all laws enacted by Congress. These laws are general, and their administration should be uniform and equal. A citizen may not elect which he will enforce. The duty to obey and to execute embraces the Constitution in its entirely and the whole code of laws enacted under it

Down oil Monopolies "The evil example Df permitting individuals, corporations, or comir unities to nullify the laws because they cross some selfish or local interests or prejudices is fall of danger, not only to the nation at large, but much more to those who use this perniciouB expedient to escape their just obligations or to obtain an unjust advantage over others. They whl presently themselves be compelled to appeal t) the law for protection, and those who would use the law as a defense must not deny that t se of it to others. If our great corpora. ions would more scrupulously observe their legal limitation and duress t'ney would have less cause to complain of their rights or of violent interference with their operations. The community that by concart, open or secret, lunoug its citizens danitts to any portion of fts members their plain rights under the law has severed the only safe bond of social order and pro 5perity. The evil works, from a bad center, both ways. It demoralises those who practice it and destroys the faith of those who suffer in it :iu the efficiency of law as a safe protector. Ihe man in whose breast that faith has been darkened is naturally a 6ub:ect of dungerous and uncanny suggestions. Those who use unlawful methods, if moved by no higher motive than the uolfishness that prompted them, may well stop and inquire what is to bo the end of this. An unlawful expedient cannot become a permanent condition of government. If the educated und influential classes in the comttiunity either practice or connive at a nystomatic violation of the laws that Jeem to them to cross their convenience, what cau they expoet when the lesson that the convenience or supposed el as interest in a sufficient cause for lawlessness has beer, well learned by the ignorant classes ? The community where the law is the ride of conduct, and wheie courts, not mobs, execute its penalties, is the only attract ire field for business investments and honest labor.

The Nat ur filiation Iaws "Our naturalization lawn should be bo amended as to make inquiry into the character and good disposition ot persons applying for citizenship more careful and. searching. Our existing laws have been made la their auministrution in an unimpressive nnd oiten unintelligible form. We accept any man as a citizen without any knowledge of his fitness, and he assumes the duties of citizenship without any knowledge as to what they are. Wo should not cease to be hospitable to immigration, but we should cease tc be careless as 10 t ae cnaracter of it. There are men of all races, even the best, whoie coming is necessarily a burden upon our public revenues or a threat to social order, xhese should be identified a ad excluded.

Foreign Relations. "We have happily maintained the policy of avoiding all lnterxeienoe with European anairs. We have been only interested spectators of their contentions in diplomey and m war, ready to ue our friendly office 3 to promote peace, but nover obtruding our advice and never attemptin g unfairly to coin the distresses of other powers into commercial advantage to ourselves. Wo have a just right to expect that our European policy m ill be the American policy of European courts. It is so manifestly incompatible with those precautions for our peace and safety which all tne gteat powers habitually observe and enforce in matters affecting them txat a shorter waterway between our Eastern and Western seaboards should be dominated by any European government, that we may conadontly expect that such purpose will not be entsrtained bv any friendly power. "We shall" in the lat.ure, as in the past, use every endeavor to maintain and enlarge our friendly relations with all the great powers, but they will not expect tin to look kindly upon any pioject that would leave us subject to the dangers of hostile observation or environment. We have not sou ht to dominate or to absorb any of

oiir weaker neighbors, but rather to aid and encourage them to establish free and stable governments resting upon the consent of their own

people.

"We have clear riant to expect, tnererore, tnat

no European government will seek to establish

eclonial dependencies upon the territory of ihase

independent American, states. Uhat wnicn a

sense of justice restrains us irem BceKing taey

may be reasonably expected to be willing to forego. It must not be assumed, however, that our imeresis are so exclusively American that

our entire inattention to anv events that may

transpire elsewhere can bt token for granted.

Our citizens, aomicilea lor tne purpose oi traae in all countries and on many of the islands

of the sea, demand and wid have our ade

quate care in their personal and commercial

rijjhts. The necessities! of our navy require con

venient t oahng stations ana aocK ana naroor

piivileges. TheBe aud. other trading privileges

W9 will feel free to obtain only oy means tnat ao

CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER.

not in any decree porta ie of coercion, however feeble the tovernineni irom which we ask such concession ; but, having fa:riy obtained vhem by methods and for purposes eutirolv consistent with the mos'; t.iiendly disposition tcward ail other powers our consent wdl bt necessary to any modification or impairment of concession. We shall neither fail to respect the tiag of any friendly nation or tbe just rights of its citizens, nor to exact a like treatment for our own, Culmneas, justice, and consideration bhould characterize our diplomacy. The otfices of au intelligent or of a friendly otbitration in proper eases Bhould be adequate to a peaceful adjubtmeut of all international difficulties. By sucU methods wo will make our contribution to th world's pease, which no nation values more nimbly, and avoid the oppiobriuni which must fall upon a nation that luUileeflly breaks it. Presidential Appointment. The duty devolved by law upon the President to nominate, and by Vnd with the advice aud consent of the Seuui to appoint all public oflicers whose appointment i not otherwise provided for in tha Constitution or by act of Congress ho become very burdenseme and its wise and efficient discharge fuil of difficulty, 'ihe civil list is so lat6 ihat a personal knowiego of any large number of applicants i imposbible. The President must rely upon the representations of others, and these are oi ten modo inconsiderately aud without any jnit sense of rosxonsibllity. 1 have a right, 1 ihipli, to insist that those who volunteer or ore invitee, to give advice as to appointments shall exercise consideration and fidelity. A high sense of duty and au ambition to improve the service should characteriao all public officers. "There are many ways in which the convenience and comfort of tioaewho have business with our public o.flt era may be prom 'ted by thoughtful and obliginp otli ers, ana 1 shall expect those whom 1 ma appoint io justify their ssleetionby conspicuous efficiency in the discharge of their d fcias. Honorable party service vtV certairly not ba esteemed bt? me a diaquali o tiion fox public otlloe, frit it will in no co he Sfckft ud to serr

as a shield for official neh'ence, incornpeten cy, or delinquency. It is entirely creditable to Be ?k public office by proper methods and with proper motives, and all applicants will be tro&Ud with consideration, but I shall need ard heads of departments will need, time for inquiry and deliberation. Persistent importuning will not, therefore, be the best support of an applicant for office. The heads of departments, bureaus, and all other publf 3 officers having any duty connected therewith will be expected to enforce th civilservice law fully ana without evasion. Beyond th: s obvious duty X hope to dosomething mors to advance the reform of civil service, The ideal, or even my own ideal, I shall probabl y not attain. A retrospect wt I be a safer basis of judgment thi.n promises. We shall not, however, I am sure, be able to put our civil Bervice upon a no?i-partisan basis until we have secured an incumbency that fair-minded men of the opposition will approve for Impartiality aud integrity. As the number of such in the civil lisu is increased removals from oflloe will mtiislx, Discusses the Revenue, "While a treasury surplus is not the greatest evil it is a serious evU. Our revenue should bst ample to meet the ordinary annual demand upon our Treasury with sufficient margin for these extraordinary but scarcely less imperative demands which arise now and then, and expenditures should always be mode irith economy and only upon public necessity. Wastefulness, prcfliacy, or favoritism in public expenditure is criminal. But there is nothing in ihe conditio a of our country or of our people to suggest tht.t anything presently necesssry to the public prosperity, security, or honor should betinduly pottponed. It will be the duty of Congresi winely to forecast and estimate these extraordinary demands, and, having added them to our ordinary expenditures, to so adjust our revenue laws that no considerable annual suipltts will remain. We will fortunately bs able to apply to the rdemption of the publie del t any small and unforeseen excess of revenue. This is better then to reduce our income behw our necessary expenditures, with the resuroni; choice between another change of our rev inue laws and an increase of public debt. It

VIOB PRESIDENT MORTON.

is quite possible, I am sure, to effect & neaes- , sarj reduction in our revenues without freaking down our protective tariff or serionly in- ' juri ig any domestic industry. "Iho construction of a si fQcIentsnumber of moc ern war Bhips and of the r necessary armamei t should progress as rapidly as is con Bist;nt with care and perfection in plans and workmanship. The ' spirts, courage, and skil 1 of our naval officers and beamea htv:) many times in car history given to veak ships and inefficient guns a rating -greG tl y beyond that of the navl list. That they will oain do so upon occasion I do not doubt. But they ought not, by premeditation or neglect, be left to tho riBks and exigencies of an unequal combat. We should encourage the establishment of American steamship lines. ExVn l (7ia rtf rnrr-rtt ctvnl rlATnon rl at a ra-i rhl fi Vl

and rapid means of communication and until those are provided the development of our trade witl s tates lying south of ns in impossible. "C ur pension Taws should g ;ve more adequate and discriminating relief to Onion soldiers and sailore., and to their widows and orphans. Such occssi ons as this should remind us that we owe everything to their valor and sacrifice. Various Subjects AUoded To. Ii; in a subject of congratulation thfc there fs a ne ir prosiect of the admission inpo 0:e Union of the I)akotas and Montana and Wellington 1 Territories. Thit act dx justice ha been unreasonably delayed in the ctise of some of them.' The people who have settlod these Territories' ore intelligent, enterprising, and patriotic, anal the accession of these new States will odd strength to the nation. It is due to the settler' in tli e Territories who have availed themselves of the invitations of our land laws to make their horn ?8 upon th public domain that their titles should be speedily adjusted and their honest entr: eti confirmed by potent. "V: in very gratifying to observe the general intere ; t now being manifested in the reform Qf our election laws. Those who have been for Vears calli ig attention to the pressing necessity of thro ving about the ballot-box and shoot r lections further safeguards in order that oar elections migi'.t not only be free ard pure, but might clearly appear to be so, will welcome the aocee sion of or y who did not fo soon discover the need of reform, 'ihe National Congress has not as yet take:i control of elections in xhatcase over which the Constitution gives it jurisdiction, but has accented and adopted the election lawsof several Stat is, provided penalties for their violation und a mettiod for their Hupervitioa. Only the inefficiency of the btate laws or an unfair or partisan adm: n istrat ion of them could suggest a departure from this policy. It was clearly, however, in the contemplation of the frame s of the Constitution that such an exigency might arise and provision was wisely made for jit. Freedom of the balk t is a condition of our national life, and no powor vested in Congress or m the Executive to secure or perpetuate it Bfcould remain unused upoi occasion. The people nf all Congres sionid districts have an equal interest that elections in each shall truly express the, view s and wishes of the minority of the quailfled electors residing in it. The results of such elections are not local, and the insistence of electors residing in other districts that they fihal be pure and free doeii not savor at all of imiM r dnence. If in any oi' the States public security iB thought to be threatened by ignorance among electors the obvious remedy is education. Thi sympathy and. help of our people wi:i not be withheld From anv communitv struggling with spec si embarrassments or difliculties connected vith suffrage if the remedies proposed proc'H d upon lawful lines and are promoted by fust and honorable methods. How shall thesa who practice elect ion f r nude recover that renpuct for the sanctity of the ballot which is the first condition and obligation of gotxl citizenship? The mini who has come tc repaid the ballot-box as a juggler's hat has ranoucc'd his allegiance. L9t us exalt patriot.fpui and moderate our party contentious. Let those who would dis for t.io flag of battle give batter proof of their patriotism and higher nlory to their country by iromoting fratemitv and justice. Patty Bucc.ee that is achiov&d by unfair methods or by practices that partake of revolution is h irtful and evanescent even from a party standpoinf. We should 1 old cur differing opinions lit mutual respect, and, having submitted thenr to the arbitrament o:f tbe ballot, should accept an adverse judgment with the same irespeci that wo would have d emanded of our oppone its if the decision hadtoen in our favor. "No other people bave a government mors wort ly of their respect and hive, or a land so nmg-

ninct nt m extent, bo pleasant to look upon, aud ao full of generous suggestion to enterprise ad labor. God has phtcoa upon our heaa a diadem ana has laid at our feet power and wealth be?'ond definition or calculation. But we mustnot orget that we take these gifts upon condition that Justice and Meroy shall ho'.a the reins of powsr, and that the tapper avenues of hops shall be free to all people. I do not mistrust the f atnre. Dangers have been in frequent am buh along our path, but w? have uncovered and vanquished them all. Passion has swept some of our communities, but only to give us new demonstration that the great body of our peop e are stable, patriotic, and law-abiding. No politico1, party can long pursue advantages at tlui expense of public honor or by rude and indstient methods without protest and fatal diaai ction in its owu bcty. The peaceiul ageuu'es of commerce are more fully revealing the necessary unity of all oar communities, and increasing the intercourse of oi r people in promoting mutual respocr. Ws uhall hnd unalloyed pleasure iu the revelation which our next census will make of the swift deve opment of the groat resources of some of the Mutes. Each Bute will bring its generous contr ibution to the great aggregate of tho ration' i increaje. "A: id when the harvests from the fields, th cattla from the hills, and tue ores of th earth shall have been weighed, counted, and valued, wei I turn from them al tc c: own with tu highnftt honor the Htate that has most promoted educ v:;on, virtue, ;ustio and patriotism among its pjople. Sr, Louis has no lees than seventy eigifl. Chinese laundries, and pays outover $100,000 annually to Mongolian) br have its aahisg done.