Bloomington Courier, Volume 14, Number 7, Bloomington, Monroe County, 10 December 1887 — Page 2

BY H, J. FELTUS

BLOOMINGTON,

INDIANA

Congress has met, and the contest of 1888 begun. " V ;Th report oJVfr. Blaine's intention to land in San Francisco just; before the next National Convention and make a triumphant tour of the country is evidently ivithout foundation.

Tubs are 5,94 1 Presideetal post offices in the country. Of this number all but 385 have been filled - with Democrats. There have been 1,814 changes and appointments since flit. Cleveland went

into office. There are 52,121 fourth-class

offices and of these 33,252 have been

changed. . - - - - '

Meat, the anarchist, says the treat

ment be has received in American prisons isiabout the same as he had met in Burone. We are triad to know it. Most

and his cohorts serve no good purpose

in their advocacy of the violation of our

most reasonable laws, and so long as

they persist in their present course; it

is a sateisf action to know that American

prisons will receive themwith the same

unanimity as the much condemned Eu

ropean prisons. Mr. Moat may know that bis experience in American prisons will continue so long as he continues his past record. PBSSmENTiAii tickets are ripe. Possibly between now and the- conventions no candidate will be made or uxmade by events. On the Democratic side the head of the ticket is conceded to Mr. Cleveland. For Vice-President the - names most prominently mentioned are Bray, fed. Blaek, HI. . Yorhee.rnd. YilstWi Amei, Minn. fcrliale, Ky. rady, Gtsoraia, Morrison, 111. On the Republican side have been suggested the.foilowing with endless variations: o',,

PRESIDE

Blaice, Main,' Sherman, Ohio, " Hawley, Conn., Edmunds, Vermont, Gresham, Indiana, Lincoln, Illinois'

Bherwlan, uS.,

Harrison, Indiana, Porter, Indiana Foraker, Ohio, Allison, Iowa, Depew, New York, Hiscox; New York,

pgiesoy, xinnoia,

PheltjfcNew Jersey.

Have you- any others - to suggest? Please make up from the above lists the strongest Democratic and Republican tickets, in your opinion, and write us about it. -

thb jie:K oi toe a ouse naa issuea an

officials list of members elect, by which it appears that the strength of the parties will be: Democrats, 16a RepubIkans, 103; independents, 14. The four men classified as independents are A. B. Anderson, Iowa; John Nicholas, North Carolina; Samuel I. Hopkins, Virginia,

and Henry Smith, Wisconsin, me an

nexed table shows the number of Demo

crats and Republicans, respectively, from

the several States:

Dem. Rep Alabama 9 . -

Arkansas:

California 2 Colorado - Connecticut 8 Delawiuv 1 Florida........ 2 Georgia.....,.-..lG niixiois....-. 8 fyiOTi;. ,'lT ft Ioa. 2 Kansas . Keniueky .JU.- S f Louisiana ..... . 9 Maine ........ - Maryland .... 5 Massachusetts.. 4. Michigan......... a Minnesota ...;:.. 3

16 I 7 3 4 " 1 8

Dem. Rep. Mississippi........ 7 Missoml;...12 2

Nebrasfea. ........ . 1

Nevada..........

N'cvc-Hampahire 1 Sew Jersey;.....- 2 New York. ...... 1j North Carolina. 7 Ohio a Oregon............; - Pennsylvania' S. Rhode I land.- -

South Carolina. 7

Tennessee:.:1...... 8 Texas .. . 11

Vennou -

Virginia. a West Virginia 3 Wisconsin..... 1

2 1 1 5 39 1 1 1 20 2

To the Congress of the TJuited States:

You are confronted at the threshold of

your legislative duties with a condition of the national finances which imperatively demands immediate and careful consideration,.

'-THE TREASUKY SURPLUS. : The amount of monev annually ex

acted, through the operations of the

present laws, from the industries and necessities of the people, largely exceeds the -sum necessary, to meet the expenses

of the government. When we consider that the theory of our institutions guarantees to every citizen the full enjoyment oi all the fruits of his industry and enterprise, with only such deductions as benis share toward the carefal and economical maintenance of the government which protects him,it ia plain that the exaction of niore than this is indefensible extortion and aculpable betrayal . of American fairness and justice. This wrong, inflicted upon those who bear the burden of national taxation, like other wrongs, multiplies a brood of evil consequences. The public treasury,

which should only exist as a conduit

conveying the people's tribute to its

legitimate objects of expenditure, be

comes a hoarding place for money need-

lesslv withdrawn from trade and peo

pie's use, thus crippling tur: national energies, suspending" oar country's development, preventing investment in productive enterprises, threatening

financial disturbance, and inviting

schemes of pubac plunder. Lais con

dition of our treasury is not altogether new: arid it has more than once of ..late

been submitted to the people s repre

sentatives ln.uongres?. wno a i one can

apply a remedy And yet the situation

still continueSjWith aggravated incidents

more than ever presagirg financial con

vulsion and wide . spread disaster. It

will not do to neglect this situation be

cause iis danger 5 are not now palpably

imminent, and apparent. They exist

none the less certainly, und await the

unforeseen and unexpected occasion

when suddenly they will be precipitated

upon us. ... PURCHASE OF BONDS

. On the' 30th day of June, 1885, the excess of revenues over public expendi

tures, after complying with the annual

requirement of the sinking-fund act,

was $17,859,735 84; during' the year ended June 20, 1886, such excess amounted

to 8,405,545 10, and during the year ended June 301' 1887, if reached the

sum of $55,567,849 54. ... The annual con

tributions to the sinking-fund during

the three year subove specified, amount

ingin the aggregate to $138,058,320 94,

and deducted from the surplus as stated, were made by calling in for that purpose outstanding 3 per cent, bonds of the, Government. During the six months prior to June 30, 1887, the surplus revenue had grown so large by repeated accumulations and it was feared the withdrawal of this great sum of money needed by the people would so affect the business of the country that the sum of $79,864,000 of such surplus was applied to the payment of the principle and interest of the '3 per cent, bonds still outstanding, and which were then payable at the option of the Government. The precarious condition of financial , affairs among the people still needing relief, immediately after the 30th day of June, 1887, the remainder of the 8 per cent, bonds then outstanding, amounting with principle and interest, to the sumof $13,877,500. were

called in and applied to the sinking-fund speaking necessaries; there appears to be

bonded debt mieht bo refunded at a less

rate of interest", and the difference be

tween the old and new securities paid in cash, thus finding use for the surplus in the Treasury. The success of his plan,

it is apparent, must depend upon the

volition of the holders of the present bonds; and it is not entirely certain that

the inducement which must be oftored

them would ... result in mora financial benefits to the Government than the purchase of bonds, while the latter pro

position would reduce the principal of the debt bv actual payment, instead of

extending it.

The proposition to deposit the money

held by the Government in banks throughout the country, for use by. tho people, is, it seems to me, exceedingly objectionable in principle, as establishing too ck3e a relationship between the

operations of the Government Treasury

and the business of the country, and too

extensive a commingling of their money, thus fostering an unnatural reliance in private business upon public funds. If this scheme should be adopted it should only be done as a temporary expedient to meet an urgent necessity. Legislative and executive effort should generally be in the opposite direction, and should have a tendency to divorce, as much and as fast, as can safely be done,

the Treasury Department tirom private enterprises. Of course it is not expect

ed that unnecessary and extravagant

appropriations will he made for the purpose of avoiding the accumulation of an

excess of revenue. Such expenditures,

beside the demoralisation of all just

conception of public dutv which it en

tails, stimulates a habit of reckless im

providence not in the least consistent with the mission of our people or the high and beneficent purposes of our

government. WHERE THB RESPONSIBILITY REST.

I have . deemed it my duty to thus bring to the knowledge of my country

men, as well as to the attention of their representatives charged with the responsibility of Legislative relief, the

gravity of our financial situation. The

failure of the Congress heretofore to

provide against the dangers which it was

quite evident the very nature of the du-

hculty must necessarily produce, caused

a condition oi nnanciai distress and apprehension since your last adjournment,

which taxed to the utmost all the authority and expedients within execu

tive control, and t hese appear now to be

exhausted. If disaster results from the

continued inaction of Congress the re

sponsibility must rest where it belongs.

Though the situation thus far con

sidered is fraught with danger which

should be fully realized, and though it "presents features of wrona to the people

as wellas peril to the country, it is but a result growing out of a perfectly - palpable and apparent cause, constantly reproducing the same alarming circumstances a congested National Treasury and depleted monetary condition in the business of-the country. It need hard iy be stated that while the present situa

tion demands a reinedv, we can only be

savea irom a uae predicament m tue future by the removal of rite cause. THE TABI. : Our scheme of taxation, by means of which needless surplus is taken from the people and put jnto the public Treasury, consists of a tariff for duty levied upon importations from abroad, and internal revenue taxes levied upon the consumption of tobacco and spirituous and malt liquors. It must be conceded that none M the things subjected

to internal revenue taxation are strictly

JTota .......... 161 133

in me event or tne fresic en tai con

test being thrown in to-the Uouseithe

Republicans would have an advantage,

having a majority in twenty States. But

this event is hardly probable. .

contribution for the current fiscal vear.

Not withstandinff these operations of the Treasury Department, representations

ot distress in business circles not only

continued but increased, and absolute peril seemed at hand In these circum

stances the contributions to the sinkingfund for the current fiscal vear was at

once completed by the . expenditure of $27,684,283,55 in the purchase of Gov

ernment bonds not yet due, bearinc 4

and 4 per cent, interest, the premium

pammereon averaging aoout per cent, for the former and 8 per cent for

the latter. In addition to this the in-

noinst complaint of th:is taxation bv

consumers of these articles, and there seems to be nothing so well able to bear the burden without hardship to any portion of the people. But our present tarifl laws, the vicious, inequitable and illogical source of unnecessary taxation, ought to be at once re vised and amended These laws, as their primary and plain effect, raise the price to consumers of all articles imported and subjected to duty by precisely the sum paid for such duties. Thus the amount of duty measures the tax paid by those who

purchase fGr use these imported articles.

terest accruing during the current year Many of these things, however,are raised

SOMEWHAT STRANGE.

An odd pair of twins were born at the

Summit County, Ohio, Infirmary, one of

the babies being' black and the other

white. -

Hold this baby while I have a fiatht

with that man," said an East Beaton

woman to a sauor wno nan just come

ashore. The sailor, always ready to be entertained, took the infant, 'and- the

woman - took , the . man's arm, and

walked away.

An Alabama ady has aplant known as the star eactue: Its buds cannot be

told from a rattlesnake's head, and the full blown flower is like the akin of a

rattlesnake; it is nearly the exact color, and is tough and leathery like it kThe

flower smells very bad;

. Glcss blowers cheeks become thin

and lose their elasticity by th eontin

ued blowing. They -hang doiu like in-.

vertc d pockets, and grow useless. It is a matter of record, it is said, that

both in this country and in . Europe

glass workerahave blown holes through

their cheeks.

Pierre Bontemps, a laborer of Augen,

upon the outstanding bonded indebtedness of the Government was, to some extent,9anticipated, and the banks se

lected as depositories of public money

were permitted: to somewhat increase

their deposits.

NKCKssi-rr yoB rrxief.

or manufactured in our o wncountrv,and

the duties now levied upon foreign goods and products are called protection to these home manufacturers, because they render it possible for those of our people who are manufacturers -to make 1 X. ' 3 i 1 1 .1 !. r

mese raxea arucies ana saen tnem lor a

mwrmwvumhu wuon uB awuw mil aa ii wwe iyaoie ac optionrox tne ucoyernhe had been bitten by 1,000 mosquitoes. ent oas afforded a means for the disHe had been tattooed from head to foot S?51Dfof theexcessof pur revenues;

with horrible tnr . Wh ,w U n,ave , a11 Deen retired,

since been unable to obliterate.

While the expedients thus employed, price eqval to that demanded for the imtorelease to Wie people the money ly ing ported goods that have paid customs du-

iu.iv ia me jLjeaBurv, aervea o, avert immediate danger, our surplus revenue has continued to accumulate, the excess

tor tne present year amounting on the

brat day of December to 855.258.701.1 a.

and estimated to reach the sum of $113;-

wu,uuu on tne autn of June next, at

wnicn date it is expected that this sum,

added tne prior accumulations - will swell the surplus in the Treasury to

JH5O;U0U,0t)0. 7

xnere seems to be no asaurannA that

with such a withdrawal from use of the people's circulating medium, o or business community may. not in the near

iuture be subjected to the same distress

wuicn was quite lately, produced from

tne same eauce. And while the func

tions ot our National Treasury shoul d

De rew and simple, .and while its- best

condition would be reached, I believe, by its entire disconnection from private

uumueas mceresis, yet wnen, by a per

version oi its purposes, it idly holds

money uselessly subtracted from- the

cnangeJs of trade, there aeemR tn ho wa.

son lor tne 3laim that some 'laoiti-matn

means should be devised by the Government to restore in an emergency, with

out waste or extravagance, such money to its place among the people. If such

air emergency arises, tnei e now exists

no clear and, -undoubted executive

power ot relief. Heretofore the

ty bo it nanpens tost while comparatively a few U3e the imported articles, millions of our people, who never use and never saw anV of the foreign products, purchase and use things 'of the same kind made in this country, and pay therefor neariy or quite the same enhanced priced" which the duty adds to imported articles. Those whb buy imports pay the duty charged thereon into the public treasury,but the great majority of our citizens who buy domestic articles of the Game class pay a sum at least approxim at ely eq ual to this duty to the home manufacturer. This reference to the operation of our tariff laws is not made by waj of instruction, but in order that we may be constantly reminded of the manner in which they, impose a burden upon those who consume domestic products as well as those who consume i nported articles, and thus create a tax upon all our people. v - TABIFF NOT TO BE ABOLISHED ENTIRELY.

It is not proposed to entirely relieve

the country of this taxation. It must be extensively continued as the source

ortne Government's income and in

readjustment of our tarifF the interest of American labor engaged in manufacture

soould be carefully considered, as well

as tne preservation of our manufacturers.

It may . be called protJCtion or bv anv

other name. but. tHa!' Wnm th KovL

ships and dangers of our present tariff

laws ... suould be devise-d w th especial

preuaimou against impennne tne ex-

bas I and fcheve ar tin hnnr?a n4olon.4;.M I Jstence of our mftnufflhii-ino' JntovoDa

payment of which we have the right to hufe existence should not mean a

Marshal John Jolly, .of Butte City, assist upon. The contribution to the

mon tana, is tne owner of the most expensive policeman's star in the -United

?- States. It is of solid gold and hasfive points. t -At the end of each point is a diamond cOBting $125, and in the center

diamonds.

- One of the curiosities of this curious age of ours was caught in the waters of

the Choptank river, in Maryland, a few

davi! djftVR aum hv Ml Wm V. U,AA,

It was a good sized terrapin, with a

healthy, well developed ovster on itk

teveiy an oyster on four 6 legs.

... The remarkable story of a calf bom

on Saturday and living until the follow -

! owuujj, or a - period Ot

five day s, without once having partake n

of the lacteal fluid upon which young

luouiucin ui mty juiwj imnj are sup-

posed to exist, comes to us from Money

ureek Township, McLean County, I1L

wm. K. Jones, of Bdmore. Mi,

has a horse that he sends to the depot

and other places without a driver. A

stranger observed him going through the

- town that way the other day, and tried t o

stop him. but the knoving horse dodged the anxious man, and bolted away from

mm, and then resumed a moderate gait and made his way home to the

stable to await further orders.

"We find that Miss Lilli&; was accidentally kiifpd by falling over a precipice while walking her sleep' was the the verdict a jury at Barmouth, Nor th Wales, recemiy rendered, on the death of a young woman who, it is believed, while in a fcomnarabulietic state; walked but of her house, and was found at the baae of a cliff nity feet high: : r

casion tor the expenditure in the purchase of bonds, has been already made for the cu-rent year, so that there is no

outiec m tnat direction.

condition whith, without regard to the

puonc weitare ora national exigency,

must always insure the realization of

immense nront instead of moderatelv

profitable returns. As the volume and

diversity Qf our national activities in

In the present state of leaiRlat.irtti crease, new recruits are added to those

only pretense of any exiatine executive desire a continuation of the advan-

power to restore, at this time.

uur Hurpma revenues to thn nnnn a

u v ius eipenoiiure consists in the sup position that the Secretary of the Ttam

ury may enter the market and purchase the bonds of the Government not yet

u ut?, w.a rate oi premium to be agreed

Che only provision of law from

sncn a power oouid be derived is found in an appropriation bill naaflfirf a rnm.

ber of years ago; and it is subject to the

tages which they conceive the present

system of tariff taxation directly affords them. So stubbornly have all efforts to reform the present condition been resisted bv those of our fellow. cir.iKp.riR

thus engaged, that thev can hardlv

complain of the suspicion, . entertained

to a certain extent, that there exists an

organized combination all alone the line

to maintain their advantage. We are

in the midst of centennial celebrations, and with becoming bride we rejoice in

Boapicioninai n was intended aa temiw- Auiwrjoan skim and mcenuitvan Amen

rary and limited in its , application, in- can energy and en terprise, and in the stead of conferring a coutinuine discre- wonderful natural advantages aud retion and authority. No condition ought sources developed by a century's nationto exist which would justify the grant ai r0wth. Yet when an attempt, is of power to a single official, upon his de to justify a scheme which permits

judgment of gs necessity, to withhold

irom or release to tne business of the

people, in an unusual manner, monev

i u i.v tn . . . "

uciu ih me xreasurv. and tuna affent;

at his will, the financial situation of the country; and if it is deemed winn tn

lodge ra t?e Secretarv of the TreaAiirv

the authority in the present juncture to

pureiiaie oonos.. ic snouio ne piamly

veieea ana provided, as Jar as possible

wrcu sncn cnecKsanu limitations as win

define this official's right and discretion, and at the same time relieve him from

undue responsibility.

In coneidering the questton of pur

chasing bonds as a means of restoring to circulation the surpl money accnmii -latingin tho Treasury, it fhouid be borne in mind that premiums must, oi

course, be paid upon such purchase, thai

tnere may b a large part of these bonds

held as investments which can not be

purchaspd at any priceT and tbat com

binations among holders who are wiilino

to sell, may unreasonably enhance the

cosfrof such bonda to the Goverument.

OBJECTIONS TO PLAK S PHO POSED, -, . It has been suggesteC that the present

a tax to be laid upon every consumer in

tne land lor the benefiu of our mauufactureTs, quite beyond a reasonable de

mand for government regard, it suits

the purpose of, advocacy to call our

manufacturers "iniant industries," still

needing the hieheflt and greatest degree of favor and fosterinc care that can be

tvrung from federal k trislai ion. It

alfi0 8aid that the increase in the nricf

rf dohieaiic man 11 facru res resuHing from

rne preneut tana is necesflflry in order that higher wags mav be paid to our

workmen emnJoyed in 7nanufacturiff

rhan are paid for what is called the pau

per labor of Europe,

THE NUMBER OF BfiiNICFICI ARIES.

An will acknowledge the force of an

argument which invoves the welfare

-md liberal 00m ptniaH'n of our work-

logmen, l.abor is 'tonorable in Uu nyea of every American .cifizen; and, ap

't bVs at the f ouadatiou of our develop mem ana progress, it iseniitlerLwiihon

affuctation or IvvprjriBf, to the u tin oa

regard. The standard of our laborer

life Bhold not be moaRnred by tha5: oi

any other country teas favored, and they

aro entitled to their full shave of atl our advantages. By the last census it is made, to appear that of the 17,392,000 of 1 A S . If II ' r

uur uupumuon ongagea in ,an Kiuas 01 industries, TOTOBare engaged in agriculture, 4.074 238 in professional and

personal service (2,9 34.876 of whom are

domectic servants and laborerH). while

1,810,256 are employed in trade and transportation, and 3,837,712 ara classed

as employed 111 manu facturing and rain ing. For present purposes, however,

the last manner given should be con

siderably reduced Without attempting

to enuierat(3 all, it will bo conceded

that there e-hould (be (Vducted from those which it includes 375,143 carpenters and joinera, 2SPL404 milliners, drees

makers and foamBtresaes, 172,720 blackn,;ti,r. too '.'kc j i

102 473 masons, 76,741 bu cheis, 41,309 bakers, 22,0SS plasterers and 4.S91 en

gaged in manufacturing agricultural

implements, amounting in the aggregate

10 litvvd, xeavirig 2i)5,Ub!P peraons employed in such manufacturinc indus

tries claimed to be benentted by a high

tarnr. To these the appeal is made to save their employment ana maintain their wages by resisting a change. There

should be no disposition to answer the suggestions by the allegation that they

are m a minority among those who labor, and, therefore, should forego an advantage in the interest of low prices for the majority. Their compensation, as it may be affected by the operation of tariff laws, should at all times be scrupulously kept m view; and yet, with slight reflection, they will not overlook the fact that the are consumers with

the rest; that they,too, have their wants

and those of their mmihes to supply

from their earning, and thai the price

ot the necessities of life, as well as. the

amount of their wages, will regniate their welfare and comfort, AN EQUITABLE RKOUCTION DEMANUEO. But the reduction of taxation demanded should be so measured as not to necessitate nor justify either the loss of employment by the workinginau or the lessening of his-wages; and the profits still remaining to the manufacturer, after a necessary readjustment, aud should furnish no excuse for the sacrifice of the interests of his employes, either in their opportunity to work or in the dem in nation of their compensation. Nor can the worker in manufactories, fail to understand that while a high tariff is claimed to be necessary to allow the payment of remunerative wages, it certainly results in a very lare increase in the price of all

sorts of manufactures, which, in almost tiounllf ss forms, he needs for the use of bimself and his family, fie receives at the desk of his cmplover his wages, and, perbapB, before he reaxdies, his home, is obliged, in a purchase for family use of an article which embraces his own labor, to return in the payment of the increase in price which the tariff permits, the hard earned compensation of many days of toil, THE TARIFF ON WOOL. The farmer and the agricuHurist who manafacture nothing, but who pay the increased price which the tariff imposes upon every agricultural implem nt, upon all he wears, and upon all ho uses and owns, except the increase of his flocks and herds and such things as his husbandry produces from the soil, is invited to aid in maintaining the present situation; and he is told that a high duty on imported wool is necessary for the benefit ot xhose who have sheep to shear, in order that the price of their wool may he increased. .. They, of course, are not reminded that the farmer who has 110 sheep i3 by this scheme obliged, in his purchases of clothing and woolen goods, to pay a tiibute to his feiiowarmer im well as to the manufacturer and merchant; nor is any mention made of the fact that the sheen owners themselves and their households must wear clothing and use other articles manufactured firom the wool they sell at tariff prices, and thus as consumers, return their share of this increase price to the tradesman, ) think it may be fairly assumed that a large proportion of the sheep owned by the farmers throughout the. country are found in fimail flocks numbering from twenty to fifty. The duty on tho grade of imnorted wool which these sheep yield is ten cents each 100 pounds if of the value of thirty cents or less,and twelve cents if the value of more t ban thirty cents. Xf the liberal -estimate of six pounds be allowed for each fleece, the duty thereon would be sixty or seven ry-two cents, and ihis may bo taken aa the utmost enhancement of its price to the farmer , by reason of this duty. Eighteen dollars would thus represent the increased price of the wool from .25 sheep and 36 that from the wool of 50 sheep, and at present values this addition would amount to about one-third oi its price. If, upon its sale, the farmer receives this or less than a tariff profit, the wool leaves his hands charged with precisely that sum, which in all its changes will aclhere to it, until it reaches the consumer. When manufactured into cloth and other goods and material for use its coat is not only increased to the extent of t farmer's tariff profit, but a furtber sum has been added for tho benefit of the manufacturer under operation of other tarifflaws. In meantime the day air rives when the farmer fxnd.it necessary to purchase woolen goods and material to clot he himself and family for the winter. When he faces the tradesmen, for th at purpose he discovers that he is obliged not only to re

turn in the way of increased prices, his tariff profit on the wool he sold, and .which then, perhaps, lies before him in manufactured form, but that he must add a considerable sum theieto to meet a further increase in the cost caused bv

a tariff duty on the manufacturer. Thus, in the end he is aroused to the fact that he has paid upon a moderate purchase, as a result of the tariff scheme,which,when he sold his wool. seemed. so protitable,an increase in price more than sufficient to Bweep away all the tariff profH he received upon the wool he produced and sold. When. the number of farmers engaged in woo!rai8"m2 is compared with all tne farmers in the country, and the small proportion they hear to our population is considered; when it is made apparent

that in the caae of a iarg? part of those

who own. sheep the benefit of the present tariff on wool is illusory; and

above all, when it must bo conceded

that the incittime of the cost of living

caused by such tariff becomes a burden

upon those with moderate means, and !

the poor, the employed and unemployed,

the tariff point, furnishes proof that some one is . willing to accept lower pricet are remunerative j and lower prices produced by competition prove the same., thing. Thus where either of these conditions exists a case would seem to be nresented for an easy reduction of taxation, OgTT OF MANUFACTURFJiS. The considerations which liave been presented touching our tariff laws are intended only to enforce an earnest , recommendation that the surplus revenues of the Government be prevented by

the reduction of our customs duties,and at the same time.to emphasijie suggeS' tion that in accomplishing this purpose,

we may aiscnarge a aounie outy to our

people by granting to thtim ii, measure

01 renet irom variu taxation 111 Quarters

where it is most needed, and irom

sources vhefe it can be most fairly and

justly accorded, JS'or can the presentation made of such considerations be, with any degree of fairness,. regarded as evidence of unfriendliness toward our manufacturing interests or of any lack of appreciation of their value and importance. These interests constitue a leading and most substantial element of our national gteatness and fmrnish the proud proof 0: cur. country progress. But if in the emergency th it presses upon us our manufacturers are asked to surrende r something for the public good and to avert disaster, their patriotism, as well as a grateful recognition of advantages already aflorded, should, lead them to willing co-operation. No demand is made that they shall! forego all the benefits of governmental regard, but they can not fait to be aduiani.8hed. of their duty as well. as their enlightened selfrinterest and safety when they are reminded of the fact that financial

panic and collapse, to which the present

condition tends, arxord no greater shelter or protection to our manufacturers than to our other important enterprises. Opportunity for safe, careful and deliberate

reform is now onereu. ana none or us

should be unmindful of a time when an abused and irritated people, heedless ol those who have resisted timely and

reasonable renet, may insist upon a radical and sweeping rectification of

their wrongs. WFTICULTIIS ATTENDING. REVISION.

The difficulty attending a wise and fair revision of our tariff laws is not un

derestimated. It requires on the part

ot the Uongress great labor and care,and

especially a broad and national contem

plation of the subject, and a patriotic

disregard of such local and sal ush claims

as are unreasonable and reckless of the

welfare of the entire country, THE FBEE LIST,

Under the present lawB more than

4,000 articles are subject to duty. Many

of these do not in anyr way compete

wdth .our own manufacturers, and many

are hardly worth attention as subjects

of reveue. A considerable reduction

can be made, in the aggregate by adding

them to the tree list. The taxation of

luxuries present no features of hard

ships; but the: necessaries of life used

and consumed by all the people, the

dutv upon which adds to the coBtof

living in very - home, should be greatly

cheapened.

The radical reduction of the dutieB

imposed upon raw material used in manufactures, or its free importation, is, ofeourse, an important factor in any

euort to reduce the price of these neces

saries; it would not only relive them

from the increased cost caused by the

tariff on such material, but the manu

factured product being thus cheapened

that, part, ot tne tarifl now laid upon

such, product, as a compensation to our

manufacturers for the present price of

raw meterial, could be accordingly

modified. Such reduction, of free im porta tion, would serve beside to largely reduce the revenue. It is not appar

ent now fiucn a cnange can

nave any injurious etiect upon

our manufacturers. On the contrary.

it would appear to give tnem a better

chance in foreign markets with the

manufacturers of other countries who

cheapen their wares' by free material. Thus" our people might have the opportunity of extending their sales beyond the limits of home consump tion saving them from the depression, interruption in business and loss caused by a glutted domestic market, and: affording their employes more certain and steady iabor, with its resulting quiet and contentment. NOT A PABTISAN QUESTION, The question thus imperatively presented ior solution should be approached in a spirit higher than partisanship and considered in the light of that regard for patriotic duty which should characterize the action of those intrusted with the weal of a confiding people. But the obligation to declared party politics and principles is not wanting to urge prompt and effective action. Both ol the great political parties now represented in thegovernment have, by repeated and authoritativedeclarations, condemned the condition of our laws 11 11 1 s e a x

wnicn permit , me conee tion irom tne people of unnecessary revenue, and have, in the most solemn manner, promised its correction; and neither as citizens or partisans are our citizens in a mood to condone the deliberate violation of these pledges, A CONDITION, NOT A THEORY. Our progress toward a wise conclusion will not be improved by dwelling upon theories of protection and free trade. This savors too much of bandying epithets. It is a condition which confronts us, not a theory. Relief from this condition may involve a slight reduction of t he advantages which we award our home productions, but the entire withdrawal of su en advantages should not be contemplated.. The question of free trade is absolutely irrelevant, and the persistJint claim made in certain quarters that 'ill efforts to relieve the people from unjust and unnecessary taxation are schemes of so-called free-traders is mischievous and far rer moved from any condition for the public good. The simple and plain duty which we owe the people is to reduce taxation to the necessary expenses of an economical operation of the Government, and to restore to the business of the country the money which we hold in the Treasury through the perversion of covemmental powers. These things can and should be done with satiety to all our industries, without danger to the oppor

tunity for remunerative labor which our workintrmen need, and with, benefit to

them and all our people, by cheapening

their means of subsistence and increas

ing legislative consideration, and which I should be glad to submit. Some of them, however, have been earnesty presented in previods messages, and as to them, I beg leave to repeat prior re commendations. . As the law makes no provisior for any report from the departmen of utat, a brief history of th transactions of that important depfa.rtmentj together with other matters which, it may. hereafter be deemed essential to commend ta the attention of the Congress, may fuinish the occasion for a fu ture communication, Gbover Cleveland. Washington, D. C, Detietaber 6.

THREE AGAINST ONE.

-4Oh dry up1; protested "What we irat to do is to go

I

THE FIFTIETH CONGRESS. Tho sfiuate of the fiftieth Coasrress of. th

UiiiUid States was called w order at 12 oc;ock, noou, Monday, Iec, 5, 18S7, by. the president of that Ixxly, Mr. ittgalls, after prayer by liov. Q.

Buttler. The oath of offlcewait administered to

all the Seua tors-elect eacept Mr. Faulkner, of West Virginia. No objection whatever wai of-

feied to the swearing fn of Judge Turpie, oi Indi

ana. wneu tne time came the silence was pro

found. Mrs! Cleveland sat in the gallery and

smiled delightedly as Judgo Tr.rplo took the oath and turned to his seat. All the papers ir his

ease were referred to the committee on prlvileg3s and elections. In the g wearies in of senators-

elect, Senator if oar made objection to fcho admin

istration of the oath to Mr. . I'nulkuer, of West

Virginia, until certain questions td tr jfelt his credentials gave rise, could bo passed upen by

the committee on privileges a id electioa?.

Memorials were. presented (I) prohibiiing the

sale, etc,, of alwholic liquors, and (2) reap acting

the seat of Senator Turpie, The clerk of the TToilse called that body to or

der promptly at noon. The vote for speekor was Carlisle 163, Reed H8, C. T. Bi umm. 2'.

Mr. Carlisle made a speech of thanks for tne

honor conferred on him, iu which he directed

attention to the important labors which would

devolve upon the present congress, and dealt with much stress of the imperative necessity of

such a moderate and reasonable reduction of the

tariff as would guarantee the laboring people

against the effects of financial depression and at the same time not deprive them of any part of the just rewards of their toil The work of organizing tho house was then proceeded wish! Speaker Job n B. Carlisle, of Ky. Clerk J. B. Clark, Mo. Sergeant-at-arms-J. P. Le-Jdom, Ohio, r ? Doorkeeper B. Hunt, Miss. ' ' '. Postmaster Lycurgns Dal ton, Ind. Chaplain-Eey. W. H. MilbUrne The Republicans cast their compliment Vote as follows: Speaker, T. B. Reed, Me. ; Cleric, McPherson, Penn.; Seageant-at-arms, Daniel Shepherd,, 111. ; Doorkeeper,. W. P. Hitch, , of Ohio; Postmaster, Thos. Gre8n, of Dakota; Cltaplain, F, W. Thomas; of Ind,

CONCERNING WOMES. , Anna M, Shrink, of Anderson, Ind,. haa received a patent for a garment fastener. f " 1 It is estimated that 1;here are noW het'veen four and five thousand women who are habitual riders of the tiycicle. Mrs. May Wright Bewail wilread a paper at the next annual meeting of the Indiana State Board ot Agriculture. Mrs. Helen Gampbelli trfV author of "Prisoners of Poverty,'' is in xndon investigating the condition of workingwomen there. ' .u. Mrs. Boiies, of MaHboro, Conii.,. .1 recently elected on the school com tee, the first and only woman in that position iu the State. The Iowa Woman Suffrage Association own a tasteful cottage liptii the State fairgrounds which is hs headquarters during the week of the iaxrJ Mrs. S. - Scott, a graduate of Mount Holyoke semuiary, has, established a large school for foreign girls at Bareilly, India, which, in its ispirit and arrangements, is very much like Holyoke. Mrs. Salter, who has been made famous by her election to the liiiayoralty. of Argonia, Kan., haia justified her election by insisting thaii the city's debt be paid before-any-heavy expense be incurred by her ad mini s trat ion Miss Grace Dodge has organized thirteen clubs among the working girls of New York city. TheBe clubs; called the Girls, Endeavor Clubjf., include boarding houses for the- members and classes iu cooking, drens-ma king,

and elocution and evening entertain- .

ments. : ;

ihe sick aud well, and the young "and ing the measure of their comforts.

old. -and that its constitutes a tax which

with relentless ?raBp is fastened upon

the clothing of every man, woman and child in the land, reasons are stiested

why the removal or reduction of this

duty should be included in a revision of our tariff lawa.

WHERE REDUCTIONS MAY BE MADE. In speaking of the increased cost to

the consumer of our home manufacture,

resulting from a duty laid npon imported articles of the :samo description, the fact

1a not overlooked that competition 11 .

among, our domestic proauoers sometimes has the effect of keeping the price

of their products below. tho highest limit

iiiloweu by such dutv. our it is notorious

Eii at this competition is too off en

strangled hv combinations quite preva-

enttthis time ami fncjuently called

iviiBffi, which' for tneir object the regula

tion of the supplv and price of commodi-

i6H, watta and nv members of the combination. The people can hardlv

hope for any consideration in the opera13 on of these eeiUHh schemes. If, however, in the absence of such combination, a healthy and free corn petition re dune the price of any particular dutiable trt cle of homo, production below the limit which it miaht otherwise reach nedor our tarifHawN, and if, with such reduce ptcf iU manufae uro continues to thrive, Uiis entirely evident that or.e thint' has heen disenvored which she Jd be arevullv t'cruttnized in an efloit to red nee taxaf i on, . . , .. The : necessity of combination to maitain the price of any commodity t$

OTHER MATTERS D32FERRBD,

The Constitution provides that the

President shall from time to time give

to the Congress information of tne state of the Union. It has been the custom

ol the Executive, in compliance with ihis provision, to annually exhibit to the Congress, at the opening of its ses sion, the general condition of the country, and to detail, wiih some particularity, the operations xof the different executive departmife- It would be especially! agreeable to follow this course at the present time, and to call attention to the valuable accomplishments of these departments during the last fiscal year. But I am so much impressed with the paramount importance of the subject to which tbh complication has thus far been devoted, that 1 shall foresro the addition of any other topic, and only urae upon vour immediate consideration the"State of the Union" a shown in tho present condition of our Treasury and our general nseal situation, upon which every element of our safety arid prosperity de oende: The reports of die heads of da nartmcnta, which will be submitted, contain full and explicit information touching the transactions of the luvri nens in treated to them, and such recommendations relatina: to legislation in the nuhlie inteTeg; as they deem advisable. I ask for thee reports and recomraenda tions the deliberate examination of the legislative, branch of the Governnient, There are other subjects not embraced in" the departmental reports demand

Four- Leaf Clovers vs.BwflOuita. ; A young millionaire was taking tea with a family, of which twoloyelyyoun iadies, sisters, were che most important features. 4Do you Known Mr. Vetry wealthy' said the elder, -'i bat I have spent nearly

the entire afternoon searching for a four leaf clover, but I finally found one. It is an omen of good-luck, you know." i "You are very for :unate,. Miss fLthel' he replied; "an were you equally so,! M'ss Clara?" he asked, tunning- to the younger sister. : "Oh," sue responded brightly, UI was so busy making the biscuitu Jor tea that I had no time to look for any,' Young Mr. Very weal thy ate seven ot the biscuits, and when he went away that night there was a- long blonde hair on his, coat collar. Miss .'Clara was a bionde. . . The Times -Are CtMinjin PJiUadelpbla Enquirer. A western exchange sayg.ithat the day is coming when a rich bopcller will ges into jail as quick as a poor thief; Yes, and if the present apparent abuse of justice continues as in the Sharp case, it will not be wonderful if -iihsre' follows euch a popular revulsion that a rich boodler may get into jail ranch q uicker than a poor thief. Rich boodlers have recently been found so quiskly eiiKaging

in polluting the fountains of American liberty with cash that- liie ccraimon

prejudice against riches wliich' should not exist has been rapidly growing. This would not be if riches were always tjie fruit of honest labor in every filed.

Be a: Perley J?oorey Autographs. ' Ben: Perlev Poore's remarkal :le collection of autographs will be sold this winter. Is embraces upwsird of 20,000 names. An first thought it does not seem as if there had ever been 20,0C0 iamous people in the wor d. Probably there have not been. M any' of the names which have been put in las collection were those of members of Congress. Indeed, it is said that he Ihad the names of nearly every Senator and Representative for twentj'-five yeais

past. There are many valuable names,

however, in the collection and some verv rare ones,

Seeking lintormittuou. 4 Yes, dear ildifen,"sa id the Sunday

school teacher, "with xod nothinKis

impossible." v "Can He make a thing a loot Jor g whh only one end to it?" inquired Bobby, who is a small bit eairnest Chd3-

fcian.

"Now, Bobby " said tht tsacher, v?ith

gentle reprooi, you are talking focl-ishlv."

" What's the matter with a dog's tail?"

asked Bobby. ' . '

Iii the fall of 1566 I was employed as a clerk Iti S general store at a oroes roads in Southern Indidna The store, a oh arch and a blacksmith shpjJ, ivith two residences, made .up the buildings, and the families of the merchant and blacksmith were the only residents, The cotiritfy about was thickly settled upon, however, and ttfade was always good. Before the merchant engaged me he announced that I would have to sleep in the store nights, and that unless I

had pluck enough to deferld the place against marauders he did not want me at any price. He showed me a shotgun,

a revolver and a spring-gun, which were tised, err on hand to be used, to defend the place, and tbe windowii were protected with stout blinds arid doors

by double locks. The close of the war

had drifted a bad population in to In

diana. ThJ bifthwavs were full of

tramps, and 'there. Were hundreds of

men who had determined to inake a

living by some other means than labor.

Several attemnls had been made to rob the store, and it had come to that pass

that no clerk wan: ed to sleep there alone. The merchan t seemed Eiatisued

with the answers I gave him, auto: on a certain Monday morning I went to

work. That same nii'ht a store about

four miles off was broken into ajad'iob-

bed and the clerk seriously wounded. Two nights later three horses were stolen in our neighborhood. " At the end of the week a farmer who was on his way from our store was robbed on the highway. If I had ,, not been a

light sleeper from habit ,theee occurr rences would have tended to prevent too lengthy dreams as I lay in my little bedroom at the front of the second story. The revolver was always placed under my pillow and the shotgun stood

within reach. The spring-gun was set about midway of the floor. It, was a double ba,rrelcdshotgun,each barrel containing a big charge of buck-shot, and the man who kicked the siring and discharged' the weapon would never know what hurt him. It did not seem possible .that a.ny one could break into the store without arousing me. T here was no door to my room, and after the peopie in the neighborhood had gone to. bed I could hear the slightest noise in the store,, I had looked the place over for a weak spot and had failed to find it, but my own confidence came near iroving iny destruction. I should have told you, in describing the store, that j ust oyer the spot where set the spring gun was an opening through which we

hoisted and lowered such goods as were stored for a time on the second floor. When not in use this opening was covered by a trap doonv . y Toward evening on the tenth day pf ray cierisnip, I hoisted up a lot of pail and tubs, and I had just finished when tirade became so brisk that I was called to wait on customers. Later on I saw that I had left 'the trap door open, and I said to myself that I woul4 let it go until I went to hid. The store had the only burglar proof safe for miles around, and it was customary for farmers who had $100 or so to leave it with us.- He received ar envelope in whidh to enclose it, and he could take out and put in as he liked. On this evening four or five farmers came in to deposit, and, as I afterward figured up, we iaad about $1,500 in the safe. There were two

S strange faces in the crowd that evening.

One belonged to a roughly dres&ed, evi I eyed man, who announced himself to be a drover, and the other a professional tramp. I gave the latter a piece of tobacco and some crackers and'uheese; and he soon went a way, and we were so busy

up to nme o'clock that 1 ma , not give

the drover much attention.' When we came to shut up the store he had . gone from my mind altogether. We counted up the cash, made some charges in the day book, and it was about ten oiclock when the merchant left. 4 I was tired out,and took a, candle and made a circuit of the store, tet the spring gun, and went to the tiap door as I went to my room, but I d id not shut it; It was a rather ishiily night in October, and we had no fires yeL and as I got under the

blankets the warm tit was so grateful

that I soon fell asleep. It was the hrst

night that I had gone to bed with

out thinking of robbers and- wondering how I should act in case

they tt jne in. I did not know when

fell askep. I suddenly found myself half-upright in bed, and there was an

echo in the 3 tore as if the liall of somethine had a.roused me. It was one

o'clock, and I had been asleep almost

three hours; Leaning on my elbow, I strained my ears to catch -the slightest sound, and after a minute I heard a

movement down stairs. While I could

not eav what it was, a sor. of instinct

told me that it was made by some human

bing." Every thing on the street was as

silent a' the grave. My window curtain was up, and I could see that the sky had thickened up and was very black. I did not wait for ,the noise to be repeated. . I was just as sure that some o:ie was in the store as though I had already seen him, and I crept softly out of bed, drew"On my trousers and moved out into the big

room, havir g the revolver in my hand. There was no door at the head of the Btairs: I intended to go there and listen down nhe stair way . ; As I was moving across the ri3om, which wa; then pretty clear of goods as far as the trapdoor, I suddenly recollected thiek opening and changed my course to reach it. Itwas terrible dark in the room, and one un familiar with the place would not have dared 'to move a foot. HaltMray to 4he trap I got down on my hands and knees, and, as I reached the opening, I 'settled down on my stomach. - There was a dim light down-stairs. That settled ;the fact' that some one was in the store; After a minute I heard whispers, and then the movement of feet, then a certain

sound, which located the hitruders 1 tola

foot. They were at the safe in the front

of the store, I drew my sell forward and looked do wa tbe opening. I could see a

lighted candle and two !or three dark

fiieruresKat the safe, and I culd hear the

eombinatiou being worked. My first

thought was to drop my hand down and open ft re in that d irection , but I reniemoered that we had so many articles hanging u d that no bullet had any chance of roach ing the safe. I was won dering what to do when 1 . heard one of the men wlnspert . ..... ,: ;itte . aft r-.. nonsense. We might work here it week and not hit it." v , "ButI told you touring the tools aod

ou wula not; . -;

bring that coufltex-hoppe and

him open the box i-fM

uni give the cussed thihi1 & fcw toiQ

another. u p audi'

mate'

trials," said the first -mm, "vbd

eyes

him i working away again,

could not have told me the number

robbers bat my ears had.: There were

three oi-them, and'they weife no doubt

dpsnerato and deteiXBJnett men, xney 4

spoke of bringing me dp W and opening

tutsy MilgUb well xcoouu wiw wJ'. ,eRt:

i

1 . i.-"- .:--'t.'

Mi

me at their mercy. The raua was

falling, the night was very? dark, and

pistol shot in the store 00 aid not

heard in either of the dwelliBgff If they

had reflected that I might arme4 I they would offset it with the fact Bhat was a boy of eighteen, with -a girl's facfi and probably a girl' nervflt 1 1: 'iw?k deny that I was a bit ratthjd;" and afe? my lip would quiver in spite'of m?bnli I was at the same time iuliy Seter-; v mined. To get at the fellows wasvhatf botbered me, but that trouble iras soon . solved, 4Therer,- whispered the nun at i the combinadon, as fte let go of ifc won't fool here another xainutei Thafe kid knows the combination and we can. wake him work it. Comi on. ; r were coming up stairs. Phe best place-"

stairway. The stairs hadua half tnni ,in

them, and I would fire npo'n ;t'.OTl

man who mewithiriv ranges I lieatd the men coming back to. the stairway" and my nerve gave way! It wi ' not-, from cowardice, but the know! edge that I was to kill a human being upset mcti 3 I decided to retreat to my room andif

thty persisted m coming that lar I

would shoot ' Thenio hud - rubbers on

their feet, nut they came upstaire-witli-v out trying very hard toprevent mefcing f

a noise, roe one wno came nrsc naa Caudle, and as he got to tbe bead of the stairs I saw a knife . in hiaf other hand. They made no dLeluy in approach-? ing my room,-and with a great efforli braced myself for what I saw must hap-4; pen. They could not see me until witiir i in t hrpe or four feet :tof -l;heu dOor. and :

bed was when they heard me eall od "stop or I'll snoot I hati them covered witn the; weapon, and for fifteen seconds; there was dead silence. Then they got a plan. The man with thecandle dasl& I ed it on the floor; and I supposed, tiiey.v

x cnecKiuw: vj W4;uu &

then either meant to retiat ownataii

their dim figures Thr$ seconds

t here was a great shont of ,horwr,f olloir-r ed by the tremeudouii report of the double-barreled spring gon md- then.; there" was absolute silencer x t hink I slood in t'le dpor sbakhcig like a leaf toi fully three minutes, he toie i he silence were fcroken by a: groan; I 'heit came to me that the robbers nad fallen ui rough the open ;dooV upon the cord leading to the gun. dtruck a matth lighted my oWn candle and going to

recharge rny revolver,! theiivent down sfcah-s to investigate, H was asl suay

-pected The three had? pitc

toj?etherl The top ofi onefs head had been biown off bv the; shot, a second),

had a hole in lus chest as pig as tist, while the third, who was iea

hie for t he croans.wasTiieverely wounded: m

in both legs It was three months belore

he could be put on trialr, and heithen gat four years in prisons was a ut up job; The; dniyer'V was Chicago bunrfar Dick," and he had Ridden ii the store that night, nd tben Ittfr hw?

pals in theback: doorThey had a none and wagon in the rear otcthe building, and the plan was?to NfOb- tletoie goods as well as to get at he : nioney the safe. A bit of cai eleMness on my ; f

Ulv mv life, hut; wined on t. a-wVerv ; ti

perate ganjr.'

:, Hardships of a eatwnfidlttMr.

10ur paper is trw? ift thia-

wee, wriiBB a ieurtJi, oui,i,;. ww--s

ing to an accident toscnr press. Whelftf M

lav night; as usual; one of ' the

Aitiiiii .mnv.' aUA'linni tVlA IaTWUmI'

the flunker riopper. Thhi; of couree. ae anv one who knows anything abont; a

press win readily unaerscanq,- iwij. un gang-plani? with only lihe flip pert it, which also dropped and broke off; the wapper-choclc. This loosened the nuking from between the ramrod

intoxicating stimulaniaby ouraelf w

nca of our risrht eve beiriir caused

our going into the .hatchway

press, in our anxieV- te tart

nulling the coupliniir-pin after the

fluke on this afternocnttB-

Comparisons Anenfc Men antfyoaaeiljf

to esoouse the cause of woman tan ner

Women, when eir interest tr;ijt

wonrarei morelastiftg -iur the Wend-;

fpKrt. mating iv Tl VAllW hAliWMH A'

women which, untit it bvercome bj;

the bonds of sympai-by, abar; q tone.L

unsein&nwenaBnip

Men expect moire in roturii; Jor their

Men are far more agreeable to api-

nAK ir ninwoiay. Vi n Win or rflMW-

The friendship ol women noticably

strengthens after a woman marnes.

friend and adviser than a weak woman,-

A gooa ana emcieuix woman us a--oewer.

WnmAn Am far SAfer. and more reiia-i 3

ble friends in the loofg run,i; ; ; . There is no rule which goy:enathC- r:

matter; - Ella Wheeler Wilcoifei J

A Flea Itoie 8nf Philadelphia JPrs. v " .;' "A

Te Niciraguan

Urn

S - i:

Dompany jwift

dun Congress ior-a bljg appropriation, this winter The prjectors aw anxioua to ru canal throuijh the treasury

skew wkMWy

de-j

-.6

i

MS

v .r. 'tw