Syracuse-Wawasee Journal, Volume 46, Number 20, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 29 February 1952 — Page 2

Syracuse-Wawasee Journal KOSCIUSKO COUNTY’S RSPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER Published by The Journal Printing' Co., and entered at the Syracuse, Ind., postoffice as second-class mattar. |2.00 per year in Kosciusko, Elkhart, and Noble counties. 93.00 per year for all other subscriptions tn U. S. A. j. B. COX, Publisher. PRIMARY CANDIDATES One of the smallest of the states may play a dominant role In deciding the big question of who is to be the Republican standard bearer. The state, of course, is New Hampshire, where the names of both Senator Taft and General Eisenhower will appear on the preferential primary ballot. Harpld Stassen, who is an extremely dark horse, also will enter. It is possible, but not yet definitely decided, that these three names along with that of Governor Warren will be placed on the Oregon primary ballot. Oregon, which is also on the small size so far as population is concerned, is considered by many to be something of a key state, on the theory that its residents are about as typical a cross-section of Americans as can be found in one place. Oregon, it will be remembered played a big role in 194(8, when Stassen and Dewey campaigned the state with whistlestop thoroughness. C Umax of the race was a nationally-broadcast and nationally-publicized radio debate which, in the view of most listeners resulted in an overwhelming victory for the New York governor. Mr. Stassen’s stock as a potential candidate went down hill fast thereafter and Mr. Dewey had it all his own the following November! Whether the New Hampshire vote will be an accurate measuring of any candidate’s standing in the nation at large can and will be argued—with the backers of the loser, naturally, taking one side and the backers of the winner taking the opposite. But it will provide something that is purely in the realm of speculation right now—a formal verdict of many thousands of voters as to the respective merits of the General and the Senator. The head men in both the Taft and Eisenhower camps argue as long as there is anyone around to listen that their candidates are unbeatable, and can win anywhere against all comers. Obviously, one side is wrong. And both camps fiave shown a great wariness against taking a chance where the outcome is doubtful. That’s what makes the entry of Taft and Eisenhower in New Hampshire so important and significant. Senator Taft will undoubtedly stump the state thoroughly. That is what he did in the last Ohio senatorial race, with enormous success, especially in the industrial areas where he was supposed to be weak, due to the TaftHartley law controversy. The Elsenhower people will be at a very definite disadvantage if their man stays abroad and says nothing. Some of the best observers think that it is essential for Eisenhower to do something tangible on behalf of his own candidacy before the primary if his cause is not to run the risk of irretrievably ruin, AH of which remains to be seen. In the meantime, a great many people seem to think that the only question is whether the GOP candidate will be Taft or Eisenhower — that one of the two is a cinch. That is not so. There is a definite possibility that the strength of. one will offset the strength ofthe other —a case of the irresistible force meeting the immovable object—and that , neither one can get the needed 601 convention votes as a result. Then a more or less dark. horse would be tapped by the weary delegates. It has happened before, when two strong candidates cancelled each other out. Such hopefuls as Warren and Stassen are doubtless hoping it will happen again, and Gen. MacArthur could come out of the convention as the candidate. t DRAWS FINE FOR RUNNING STOP SIGN ON ROAD 13 Wayne Stahly, route 2, Syracuse, paid a $1 fine and costs amounting to $1.2.75 last Saturday evening when he pleaded guilty to running a stop sign on State Road 13 in Turkey Creek township. He was arrested Friday by State Trooped ]J. D. Geiger. Girl Scout News The Starlighters met Saturday at the Scout Cabin where they finished their coasters and made Other designs. Next Saturday the girls are going to have fun day Allied with ■ enjoyment. All the girls are askad to come and bring a game or tong. We still have lots of hose — both mesh and plain, to close at fl .00. LaPetite Shoppe.

A FOREIGN POLICY FOR AMERICANS The President and Congress In Matters of Foreign Policy

BY SENATOR ROBERT A. TAFT CHAPTER 2 No one can question the fact that the initiative in American foreign policy lies with the President But, if I can judge from my mail and from many considered editorial expressions, the American people certainly do not believe or intend that his power shall be arbitrary and unrestrained. They want a voice in the more important features of that policy, particularly those relating to peace and war. They expect their Senators and Congressmen to be their voice.

There can be no question that the executive departments have claimed more and more power over the field of foreign policy at the same time that the importance of foreign policy and its effect on every feature of American life has steadily increased. If the present trend continues it seems to me obvious that the President will become a complete dictator dn the entire field of foreign policy and thereby acquire power to force upon Congress all kinds of domestic policies which must necessarily follow. The fundamental issue in the "great debate” was, and is, whether the President shall decide when the United States shall go to war or i whether the people of the United ■ States ’themselves shall make that decision. Action by Executive Agreement Also, for many years the State Department has been developing a theory that almost any action can be taken by executive agreement, which does not absolutely require any congressional approval at all, instead of by the treaty method prescribed in the Constitution. Undoubtedly, the necessity of obtaining a two-thirds vote in the Senate is very difficult and has encouraged many people to think that this development was necessary. But if the treaty method is not satisfactory, then the Constitution should be amended to provide for the approval of all executive agreements and to define the scope of and effect of such agreements much more clearly than at present. More and more the State Deipartment has assumed to do many things which are beyond its power in the field of trade, by an executive agreement known as the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). It has insisted that the Executive have the power to raise and lower tariffs, through reciprocal trade agreements, within constantly widening limits and without the slightest shadow of a standard prescribed by law. Political agreements as important as those made at Yalta have never been submitted to Congress at all. I think it is fair to say that the State Department has adopted an attitude of hostility toward Congress and an unwillingness to submit any matter to Congress if it thinks it can possibly carry it through without such submission. It shows a complete distrust of the opinion of the people, unless carefully nursed by State Department propaganda. i A Serious Issue The matter was brought to an issue by the intervention of the President in the Korean War without even telling Congress what he was doing for several weeks. And it was brought still further to the fore by the proposal that we commit troops to an international army under the control of a council of 12 nations. I do not think that the American people have ever faced a more serious constitutional issue or one which in the end may present a greater threat to their freedom. If the President has unlimited power to involve us in war, then I believe that the consensus of opinion is that war is more likely. History shows that when the people have the opportunity to speak they as a rule decide for peace if possible. On Jan. 4, 1951 President Truman, commenting on the Coudert resolution to bar him from sending more troops to Europe without the consent of Congress, said emphatically that he did not need the permission of Congress to take such action. On January 11, at a press interview, according to the Washington Post: "Mr. Truman, whose right to send troops to Europe recently was challenged by Senator Taft, said he had the power to send them any place in the world. This, he said, had been repeatedly recognized by Congress and the Supreme Court. "A reporter asked Mr. Truman in effect what would happen if Congress tried to tie his hands by putting restrictions in the appropriation bills for the forces to be sent to Europe. Claimed Clear Authority "That, said the President, was up to Congress. If they wanted to go to the country about it, he said, he would go with them—and he recalled, that he licked them once." At the President’s conference a week later, on January 18, according to the press: “He repeated that his constitutional authority to send American forces to Europe to take up their positions in an integrated European army .vas clear and did not depend upon the consent of Congress. What he would be glad to have, he said in substance, was a Senate expression that affirmed his constitutional authority.” Furthermore, a document was

BIRTHS Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Barnhart, a daughter, Pamela Kay, by Caesarean section Feb. 20th, at Goshen hospital. s Mr. and Mrs. Donald Nyce, a daughter, Linda Lou, Feb. 21, at Goshen hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Bush-

submitted to Congress, entitled Powers of the President to Send the Armed Forces Outside the United States, dated February 28, 1951, which was printed, though not endorsed, by the Joint Committees on Foreign Relations and Armed Services of the Senate. In effect, the document asserts that whenever, in his opinion, American foreign policy requires he may send troops to any point whatsoever in the world, no matter what the war in which the action may involve us. The document also claims that in sending armed forces to carry out a treaty the President does not require any statutory authority whatever, and it does not recognize the difference between a self-executing treaty and one which requires, even by its own terms, congressional authority. Sweeping Claims It ends with the most sweeping claims for power: “As this discussion of the respective powers of the President and the Congress in this field has made clear, constitutional doctrine has been largely molded by practical necessities. Use of the Congressional power to declare war, for example, has fallen into abeyance because wars are no longer declared in advance. The Constitutional power of the Commander in Chief has been exercised more often, because the need for armed international action has grown more acute. The long delays occasioned by the slowness of communications in the eighteenth century have given place to breathtaking rapidity in the tempo of history. Repelling aggression in Korea or Europe cannot wait upon Congressional debate. However, while the need for speed and the growth in the size and complexity of the armed forces have enlarged the area in which the powers of the Commander in Chief are to be wielded, the magnitude of present-day military operations and international policies requires a degree of Congressional support that was unnecessary in the days of the nineteenth century." That seems a very gracious concession to Congress. Congress no longer has any power to act. I; is simply given the right to support the President after the President has acted. He Has Wide Powers Os course, the President has vride powers in foreign policy, but the framers of the Constitution prov ided expressly that only Congress could do certain things. Those powers are expressed in Section 8 of Article I. Os course, Congress is given the power, and the exclusive power—“To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water. “To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.” That reflects a certain and definite suspicion of a possible desire on the part of some President to set up a great permanent military force. Further powers of Congress as stated in Section 8: "To provide and maintain a navy. "To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces." There are other powers, such as calling forth the militia and disciplining the militia. Power to Make Treaties The Constitution also provides that the President shall have the power to make treaties, but only by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur. The President’s relationship to the artfled forces is stated only in Section 2 of Article II of the Constitution: “The President shall be Commander in Chief- of the Army and Navy of the United States . . ." There is one very definite limit —and I think it is admitted by every responsible authority who lias discussed the problem—on the President’s power to send troops abroad: he cannot send troops abroad if the sending of such troops amounts to the making of war. Most of the cases which have been cited as authority for the President sending troops abroad are cases where the use of cur troops was limited to the protection of American citizens or of /jnerican property. NEXT WEEK: Senator Taft tells why he believes the President exceeded his power when he sent troops abroad to .loin the European army under General Eisenhower. ' (From “A Foreign Policy for Americans.” Copyright 1951 by Robert A. Taft. Published by Doubleday and Company, Inc. Released by The Registe r and Tribune Syndicate and WNU.)

ong of near Cromwell, are the parents of a son, Stephen, weighing 11 pounds, born Feb. 18 th Wolf Lake hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Bushong of Syracuse, are paternal grandparents. A son was born Thursday, Feb. 2d, in the Goshen hospital to Mr. and Mrs. William Whetten of north of Syracuse.

SYRACUSE-WAWASEE JOURNAL, Syracuse, Ind.

FROM THE SYRACUSE TOWN BOARD AUGUST S, ISIS. The Clerk reported that the County Surveyor had set grade stakes for the sidewalks on North St., Harrison St., St., and Washington St., but that he had not yet submitted the grades for approval by the Board. Further, that the grade stakes set on Main Street had been pulled up by George W. Miles for the reason that he did not think they, were set on the line, and Clerk was ordered to have the Surveyor set new stakes and be sure they were properly set, and if same were pulled up again to institute malicious trespass proceedings. AUGNST 20, 1912. The matter of repairing the hitch racks along the streets was brought up and discussed and the Board decided that to maintain the hitch racks along the streets as heretofore was somewhat of a nuisance and very unsanitary and decided that a small tract of land, situated convenient to the business portion of the town, should be acquired by the town and hitch racks installed thereon and be maintanied as a public hitching ground. It was suggested that F. M. Ott would possibly sell a portion of the saw mill grounds on Mill Street and the Board decided to confer with him and ascertain whether or not same could be purchased. SEPT. 3, 1912. Mr. “John Doe” appeared before the Board and stated that the Clerk had sent him a bill of SI.OO for thawing out water pipes

' • Out of 3 J,OOO lives lost in traffic accidents in 1950, 26,700 were sacrificed on the altar of carelessness. Speed—excessive, killing speed—accounted for nearly half that number. Speed, claiming 13,300 dead and’475,000 injured victims in a single year, is the nation’s Killer No. 1. While all traffic deaths declined from 1946 through 1949, even then fatalities on the open road kept creeping up. In 1950 a deadly spurt of speed accidents claimed 3,200 more victims in rural areas than it had the year before. Last year speed deaths "again mounted. Why do drivers race so heedlessly to destruction on the highway? Hardly to save time. Scorching at 70 is an invitation to disaster. Over any distance, 50 m.p.h. takes only a few minutes longer and offers a better chance of a safe arrival. When you start out with your family or friends, discount speed before you take off. Give yourself and others in your car an extra margin of safety by leaving earlier and holding your speed within bounds. It’s your responsibility to them and to others on the road. Remember—more than one out of every three fatal accidents is due to speed. As Though Your Life Depends On It - - IT DOES! ' The following' firms and civic organizations are co-operating with The Journal in the drive to bring the above message to the people of our community: ED STEPHENSON — REAL ESTATE COMFO - SLEEP WAWASEE POST 223 WAWASEE LAKE PROPERTY OF THE AMERICAN LEGION OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION SYRACUSE RUBBER CO. KOSCIUSKO BEVERAGE CO JONES COAL CO. OVERHEAD DOOR 00. SYRACUSE-WAWASEE / ANONYMOUS DONOR ROTARY CLUB

at his residence last winter, and that the freeze was between the curb and the water main, and objected to the paying for this work, on the theory that the town was supposed to bring the water to his curb. APRIL 15, 1913. Marshal was instructed to insist and see that all teamsters hired to work on the streets haul a full yard of gravel. 25 YEARS AGO MARCH 3, 1927 Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Bushong are the parents of a daughter, Betty Lou, born Feb. 2i6. Mrs. C. C. Disher was pleasantly surprised when her children and grandchildren gathered at her home to help celebrate her birthday. Each came with wellfilled baskets and a bountiful supper was served. She received several nice gifts. The senior class was entertained at dinner Friday evening by Rebecca Fleming. The guests were dressed as they thought they would look in 1950. Helen Leacock won the prize for the most clever costume and Marion Bushong for the most comical. Miss Margaret Freeman, now a freshman at Beloit college, was among several young women recently initiated into Pi Beta Phi, national social sorority. Mrs. B. F. Hoy’s Sunday School class of the Methodist church will be entertained tomorrow evening in the home of Mrs. Clarence Snyder. Arrangements have been made with N. M. Buckingham of Huntington, Ind., to operate a moving picture show in the new com-

munity builidng. Mrs. John Riddle was taken to the Lutheran hospital in Fort Wayne, Tuesday. The Goshen District conference of the Methodist Episcopal church met in Syracuse Feb. 2425. Large crowds were present at all of the sessions. The senior class play, “Tea Topper Tavern,” under the direction of Miss Gladys Minardow, will be given March 25. Mrs. N. C. Insley was taken to the Lutheran hospital in Fort Wayne, Wednesday. Mrs. Insley has been confined to her bed for the past five weeks. CAPITOL " (By Charles A. Halleck, Congressman, 2nd District.) The House of Representatives took a significant step recently when it passed the Berry Resolution calling on the Executive Department to tell Congress what, if any, secret “agreements, commitments or understandings” were made by the President or Secretary of State during conferences some time ago with the Prime Minister of Great Britain. Specifically, the resolution was

designed to find out whether the head of this government had made promises to the head of a foreign government which require the shipment of additional members of the Armed Forces of the United States beyond the continental limits of the U. S. or involve our troops in armed conflict on foreign soil. A great hue and cry was raised .by opposition forces who contended that such information would be valuable to Soviet Russia. I pointed out in floor debate that “too often in recent years our enemies have known more about what we were doing than did the Members of the House. The only ones kept in ignorance were the Members of Congress and the American people.” Nothing in the resolution called for a full and detailed report of all the conversations and discussions. We were interested only in knowing how far down the road to another war we had been taken. No one denies the authority of the President of the United States to carry on the conduct of foreign affairs. But the Constitution of the United States also sets out very clearly that it shall be the prerogative of the Congress, and the Congress only, to declare war. And unless the Congress knows what is going on in the twilight zone between cold war and hot war, the authority to declare war becomes pure academic, with the Congress merely following along blindly down whatever trial the Executive Department may lead this nation. The resolution passed by the House is not binding on the Executive Department.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1952

Actually, it represented a vote of “no confidence” in the Administration. Passage of the resolution reflects the conviction of a majority of Membersun the House of Representatives that one-man diplomacy can spell serious trouble for this country, something we all want to avoid. Rep. Richards, (D.) S. C.» chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, recognized this lack of confidence. Richards fought against passage of the resolution, but in his remarks urging the House to turn it down he said this: ‘iThere is a lot of talk about what happened at Yalta, and about secret agreements. Ido not wish to engage in any debate on that subject. Probably some things happened at Yalta which should not have happened. Probably some agreements were made to our detriment and Russia’s gain.” Had it not been for the disastrous results of these previous Administration attempts to make secret “deals” this present dis- » trust would not exist. The vital and fundamental questions are these: Shall the Congress of the United States be completely dealt out on momentous decisions which affect the whole history of America? Shall the Congress abjectly surrender to the results — no matter how devastating —of one man’s secret diplomacy? Do the people want Congress to be a mere ac-cessory-after-the-fact as far as war-making powers are concerned? I do not think so. That is why I voted for the Berry resolution.