Semi-weekly Express, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 13 August 1897 — Page 3

THE HUDSON TUNNEL.

WORK ON IT WILL PROBABLY BE RE1?/ SUMED BEFORE LONG. *1 ^4 ytffr-Kt S if

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Project Has Already Cost S4,000,000. New Bonds Are to Be Xuned and BeorCanizers Hope to Complete the Work With an Expenditure of 81.500,000.

The Hudson river tunnel project, connecting New York and Jersey City, is not dead. Plans are now being pushed all nlong the line to take up the thread of construction where it was dropped five years ago and rush the project to completion.

The first and most important step will be taken shortly by the law firm of Lord, Day & Lord, In the Equitable building, New York, who represent the English bondholders in this country.

The Arm will file papers in foreclosure Against the tunnol property. It will be sold and bid in by the stockholders, and then the decks will be legally cleared for a reorganization with anew issue of bonds.

Daniel Lord, who has these proceedings In oharge, said the other day that the foreclosure was the easier of two legal ways to revive the company and go ahead with the work. "After the necessary steps have been taken it Is the purpose to float an issue of entirely now bonds, the amount to be fixed at $1,500,000," he said. "Atleast $1^000,000 of tliis amount will bo required to complete the work. It Is believed by the engineers that this sum need not be eacoeeded. This, of course, involves calling In the old stook, and we can now state that three-fourths of the old bonds have been surrendered and are in our possession for this purpose. We have no doubt of eur ability to float the new issue in England." "How nrnch has already been expended on the tunnel venture?" was asked. "About $4,000,000," Mr. Lord replied. "Mr. Trenor W. Park andjhis associates of New York city were the first capitalists enlisted in the great undertaking, and they had sunk about $2,000,000 up to the time that Mr. Park died. English capital then came to the front With about $2,000,000 more. The British investors were represented in this country by Sir Benjamin Baker, and all this money bad been spent before the work was abandoned in April, 1893. Beckoning on $1,000,000 more to finish the work, the total cost of the tunnel will be about $5,000,000." "Is any change in the original plans contemplated?" "The moat important one that I can now recall is th& ^iiipose to abandon the New York termlm-re at Washington square and to change it to some point not far west of Broadway./7 This will decrease the oost and prove more convenient to the publlo. Fifteenth street, Jersey City, will be the western terminus."

It was leairned that- Sir." Siniori Stern, legal representative of the tunnel oontraotors, S. Pearson & Co., is now in Europe, part of his purpose being to confer with the English capitalists involved and throw what influenoe he can in favor of the enterprise. Mr. Maloolm W. Niven is also in England to enlist English capital for the tunnel.

The condition of the great tunnel today can be briefly given from the records. When the work was suspended in the spring of 1892, there tfere 3,916 feet of completed tunnel going east from the shaft in Jersey City, 1.060 feet of this distance extending east of the middle of the Hudson river, which divides the states, and lying within the city and state of New York. In addition there were 170 feet completed westward from the New York shaft at the foot of Morton street, adjoining tho Hoboken ferry.

Around the open shafts at both ends of the line wooden structures have been erected, and watohmen have been employed night and day. During these five years of desertion water has seeped into the tunnel until it is totally swamped, but the engineers say it will be a matter of about only two weeks to pump this out and have the ground ready foe the resumption of work. When the suspension was forced by lack of funds in 1892, the personnel of (the tunnel staff was as follows:

Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker, who built the great bridge over the Forth, in Scotland, were the oonsulting engineers William R. Button, was the chief engineer, E. W. Moir was engineer for the contractors (S. ^Pearson & Co.), and C. A. Haskin, son of the projector of the tunnel, was the superintendent. It is impossible to learn what changes will be made in this Btaff under the reorganization.

The projeotor of the Hudson river tunnel was De Witt Clintpn..Haskin, formerly of California, who had been an active spirit in the construction of the Union Pacific railroad. At his own expense he raude all the preliminary surveys and soundings neoessary to determine the feasibility of the tunnel and the correct location of the line. He began in 1874 a circular working shaft, 66 feet deep, at Fifteenth street, Jersey City, 1J0 feet inside of the river's bulkhead line. He had not progressed far with the enterprise when the Delaware, Laokawanna and Western road came to the front with an injunction. Long litigation followed, but victory perched at last on the tunnel company's banner, the shaft was finished, a large antechamber was made at the foot of the shaft and from this ohamber the headings of two parallel tunnels were started on an easy grade to descend under the big stream.

The distanoe between the two shafts is 6,400 feet, and, with the approaches as first designed, the total length of the work would be 12,000 feet, but this, under the changes alluded to, will be somewhat reduced. It will be seen therefore that with 4,090 feet of this space under the river already completed it will take less than 1,000 feet of tunneling to finish the work.

About 2,000 feet of the tunnel had been finished when Trenor W. Park, the chief finanoial backer, died. This forced Mr. Ha9kin to reduce bis working foroe and finally to suspend altogether. For years the great, project slumbered, until a London company took hold of the entorprise and went ahead on the methods Mi\ Haskin had first applied in tunnel construction. Compressed air was still used, but the Beaoh shield was also introduced as a further precaution. There, had been casualties and lost of life among the workmon because of tvheir carelessness in disregarding the orders. The shield was introduced to obviate much of this danger.

Under the methods employed in 1892, •when the work was suspended, the average rate of progress was four feet a day, the workmen being divided into shifts of eight hours each. If that same rate is maintained when the enterprise is resumed, New York should see the river bed portion of the big tunnfol completed In about S50 dayfe from the date on which work begins.—New York Herald.

FITZGERALD'S HARD HEAD.

Pittsburg Detective With the Toughest Skull In the Country. "It's the hardest nut in the country," (aid Deteotive Dick Brophy proudly as he laid his hand on Deteotive Paddy Fitzgerald's head.

It's a fact, too—at least no one has coiae forward with his own head to disprove the olaim. Whan Fitzgerald was a common policeman, rios»e of the Lawrenceville toughs .ever thought of hitting him on the bead, when resisting arrest. They always •ought a vital spot. There Is only one bead splitting weapon thatheever dodged, •nd chat was some years ago, when a jjo-. torioo& bod mas w*io huc£ oat at Four­

teenth street and Penn avenue aimed a blow at him with a baseball bat. Fitzgerald ducked on that occasion and butted bis opponent into insensibility.

The other nigbt a policeman walked into headquarters and produced a new hand billy, the finest, be said, ever made. Fitigerald reached for it, rapped Jt on the top of his head five times, burst the leather knob and.sent the shot with which it was loaded flying all over the room. Three other policemen, who declared that it was a put up job and that the weapon had beenjioctored, had to buy new hand billies, for Fitzgerald took every one as fast as presented and broke them on his skull.

Matt Weiss, a Smith field street saloon keeper noted for his hard head, bocarne jealous some time dgo of Fitzgerald's reputation and challenged him to a head testing match. The two men grasped each other by the wrists and indulged in a butting set to. For a minute or two there was a sound as of a husky woodman cutting down heavy timber, and Weiss keeled over, vanquished. It's remarkable, too, that both men are of gentle disposition. Their skulls, though bard, are packed with gray matter, as their success in their occupations proves. Matt Weiss has become rich keeping a saloon, and Fitzgerald is considered one of tho most Intelligent detectives on the force.--Pittsburg Letter in New York Sun.

WHY CALLED TUMBLERS.

Curious Origin of the Name of an Article In Daily Use. Every day we drink out of a tumbler. Why is the large glass that holds our milk and water so oalled? Years ago Professor Max Muller was giving a luncheon at All Souls' college, Oxford, to the Princess Alice, the wife of the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and the second daughter of Queen Victoria. There were not a dozen guests besides the princess and her husband, and a very agreeable luncheon we had, with talk on all kinds of interesting subjects.

But what excited the curiosity of all strangers present was a set of little round bowls of silver, about the size of a large orange. They were brought round filled to the brim with the famous ale brewed in the college. These, we are told, were tumblers, and we were speedily shown how they oame by their names—a fitting lesson for the guests of a philologist. When one of these little bowls was empty, it was placed upon the table mouth downward. Instantly, so perfect was the balance, it flew baok to its proper position as if asking to be filled again. No matter how it was treated—trundled along the floors, bal anced carefully on its side, dropped sud denly upon the soft, thiok carpet—up it rolled again and settled itself with a few gentle shakings and swayiugs into its place, like one of those India rubber turn bling dolls babies delight in.

This, then, was the origin of our word tumbler, at first made of silver, as aro all these All Souls' tumblors. Then, when glass became common, the round glasses that stood on a flat base superseded the exquisitely balanced silver spheres and stole their names so successfully that you have to go to All Souls' to see the real thing.— Philadelphia Times.

The Quarrelsome Kobin.

The robin, that "pious" bird, Is very quarrelsome, and it exa'sperates one to watch him wasting the precious hours of food in hunting another hungry robin up and down and round and round till ^the sparrows have cleared the board. The blackbirds, too, are very annoying in tae way that they snatch up a lump of bread and fly off with it, only to be chased about for tho rest of the morning by other black birdB, while a sparrow makes a square meal off the morsel fallen meanwhile under a shrub, but relentless as they are in pursuit, the curious fact is that they seldom fight. If the pursued turns, the pursuer stops, perks up his tail, and being promptly charged by the other becomes in his turn the pursued, but woe to both when the missel thrush comes. He is pitiless in pursuit, and I have seen them pass my window time after time in the course of a morning, the storm cock hard on the "heels" of the blackbird, and when they overtake tbem what happens? For myself, as I have often said before, I believe the missel thrush is a cannibal. At any rate, I attribute some of the dead blackbirds and thrushes that one finds about the grounds to bis cruel beak. He watches for birds for hours at a time, like a bird of prey, and attacks them like one. I have often stopped a chase which I knew could only end one way.—Contemporary Review.

An Unsuspected Cause of Suffering. A scientist gives an account of a man who was admitted to a hospital with a severe and obstinate case of inflammation of the eyes, face and hands. Ordinary applications gave no relief, and a thorough microscopic examination of the affected parts was resorted to. This proved the existence of thousands of tiny hairs, not unlike in appearance those from the caterpillar. They had entered tho skin and produced this violent irritation. The plants which the man had been working with were examined, and it was found that a variety of tho primrose was tho offender. The downy looking hairs on the loaves were sufficiently rigid to prick through tho skin, and each one was charged with a poison after the fashion of the fangs of a snake. The doctor extracted this poison, which he used as a subcutaneous injection in the cases of several patients. He claims excellent results from this method of treating various obstinate skin diseases.

In the same connection it may be stated that experiments in the treatment of cancer have been tried with satisfactory results. An animal was inoculated with caucerous material, then after a suitable period the serum of the blood was collected and two cancer patients were inoculated with it. In both cases there was an almost immediate and positive improvement. Sufficient time has not elapsed fully to test this discovery, but it certainly has great possibilities, as even though patients are only temporarily benefited there is encouragement enough to persevere until the longed for ultimatum is reached.—New York Ledger.

A Queer Medal of Napoleon III. Napoleon the Great was a sedulous coiner of medals of victory, as all numismatic collectors are aware. His nephew imitated him in this practice, although hie opportunities for this kind of self glorification were of course not so numerous as those of his uncle. A collector of Rappoltsweiler informs The Tagcblatt that he is the possessor of a vorj,rare medal for which Napoleon III" ordered a die to be made and of which the speoimens would now be extremely plentiful but for the battle of Sedan. On one sidti of the medal is the profile of Louis Napoloon, whoso head is crowned with tho laurel of victory and the inscription, "Napoleon III, Imperator." On the other stand the sanguine words, "Finis GermabiJe, 1870." The medal'is of some white metal, possibly silver, and is somewhat larger than an English half crown. The Tageblatt doubts whether the despondent Napoleon himself gave the order for such a medal to be coined and is rather inclined to think that it is only the speculation of a certain business firm which reckoned confidently upon French conquest of Germany and resolved to get an early profit out of it.—Westminster Gazette.

First CM of the Bayonet.

The bayonet was first made in Bayonne, in France benoe its name. It was first used by the French army in 1671. It was suoceesfully employed by fcb« French during the reign of William HI in an attack on the British Twenty-fifth rsgixa^nc of fooj. Ittt/tflrwMti regog-: nlndaswi imHepeaaable xnifitaa? weapon.

fERRE HAUTE EXPRESS. FRIDAY MORNING.

OBLIGING DRIFTER.

HE TRAVELED 320 MILES TO MATCH A RIBBON FOR A WOMAN.

She Was4 Another Man's Wifc/ "but She Was a Good, Sweet Little Creature, and Women Were Scarce at the Hudson Baj^

Post, and There Was to Be a Dance.

"Why, Drifter is never happier than when he is holding some woman's parcels or doing the gallant on a street car. I honestly believe he'd find pleasure on a shopping tour with his mother-in-law." "Right you arc, you cub," said Drifter, "and, wtail's more, as long as Drifter can navigate he'll be at the servioe of the ladies. The truth of the matter is, I've lived a part of my life where a woman's voice or the squalling of a teething baby was rarer music than could be furnished by all the great stars of the Metropolitan Opera company, and for shopping with a woman—pshaw, youngster! I've traveled 330 miles tomatoh a bit of ribbon and buy a pair of gloves for a woman, and I thought no more of it than you dawdlers do of calling a cab in Fifth avenue for a girl of your acquaintance.''

Of course Drifter was asked to explain. "Talk about dancing attendance on women," he said. "When I was up in the Lake of the Woods country in 1888 and put in my time out at the mines or exploring along Rainy river and Rainy lake with a few good fellows, we thought nothing of a day's tramp over the paoked ice on the lake, with the temperature knocking around 40 degrees below, just to get a chance to hear awhlttfwoman 6ay, 'I'm glad to see you.' There were perhaps half a dozen women all told at the little Hudson Bay post in those days—the hotel

man's

wife, the doctor's wife, his sister, the daughter of the agent at the Hudson Bay company's store, and the wife of the man who ran the only steamboat on the lake in the summor." "And about that 820 mile trip for a ribbon and a pair of gloves?" queried the disrespectful oub who had started Drifter on this tack. "Oh, yes. Well, I'm married now, settled down, have twinges of rheumatism or gout once in awhile, and like New York pretty well," oontinued Drifter, "but J'd walk that 820 miles in moccasins on a northwest prairie right now for the same woman under circumstances such as I am about to describe. "Never mind her name. She was a dainty, black eyed, rosy cheeked, young wife and mother. Brought up in an old Canadian town, she had been surrounded not only with comforts, but luxuries, all her life until she married a giant of a Rus*sian who had come to the new world to make his fortune. Something went wrong with them at home, and he came out on the C. P. R., where, at the time I speak of, he was station agent and yardmaster in that wilderness. "It took a pretty brave man to stand the trials of winter in those diggings, but for a woman—well, this particular woman was a brick. She followed her husband as soon as he wrote for her to come. She looked as much out of place in the crowd of lumbermen, miners, half breeds and adventurers at the Portage as one of you easy going obaps would in the stokeholfl of an ocean liner—and that baby! It was only a few months old, but the first one in camp, and some of the old timers actually sniveled when they heard the youngster cry with some infantile distress beyond their comprehension. The big Russian, during the hours when he was not working for the C. P. R., put up a little rough board house for bis pretty wife, her young sister, who came along with her from their old home, and the kid. It was the best he could do, and as good as any man out there bad at that time, but when the snow drifted in through the chinks and piled up on the floor, and the wind howled around the cabin, there were trying times for mother and baby. Well, of course, that husband loved her. Who wouldn't* She never murmured. She never complained of the fierce cold, of the deprivation or of the rough life. We all made friends with the baby, and as for the mother—she was the good angel of -the camp. "One day the hotel man's wiftf told us boys that she intended to have a dance at the hotel. 'It's to bea real nice, respectable t|me,' she said, 'not one of the blow outs you have in the lumber camps or out on the prairie. Not one of you men is to have a drink «nt.il tho affair is over and you must sliok up in your best clothes.' If there was one of us hardened sinners there were a dozen who sneaked one at a time up to the little house on the bill and asked the station agent's wife to come to the dance. I know I quarreled with two of my best friends in the camp because I told them fchey were intruding. They gave me a dressing down, and even went so far as to go to the husband and ask him to' pick out an escort for his wife, it being well understood that he had no time for anything but work and sleep. "Two days before the dance I went up to the house to see how the baby's latest tooth was coming on, or something of that sort. The mother l^ked bluer than the baby's eyes. I hearu her sigh once or twice, and at last she said: 'Do you think it's wrong. Drifter, for a young woman to want pretty dresses and hats and gloves and ribbons and to fix herself up once in awhile, even though she is buried out hero in a wilderness?' "That was enough for me. I wanted to go. 'Pshaw!' I said. 'You always look pretty enough to eat, and bo does the haby, and'— 'Yes,' she said, with a shade of petulance, 'but I do want to go to that dance just as if it was at ray old home. I haven't a decent pair of gloves to my namo, nor a ribbon sash of the color I want, and there's no way of my getting them. I might as well wish for the moon.' "That was enough for me. 'If I get them in time, will you go to the dance with me?' I asked. 'Of course I will,1 she answered, 'but how foolish! You can't leave here for a woman'6 whim and take that long journoy to Winnipeg and back.' 'Can't I?' I exclaimed. 'See me.' I got apiece of the ribbon to match, took the size of her pretty little band, and that night the only train out took Drifter to Winnipeg, 160 miles. At Winnipeg I astonished tho clerks iji all the stores, I guess, but I got that ribbon and a box o'f gloves, and the next day the train out took me back to the Portage, a round trip of 820 miles, to oblige a woman, and that woman another man's wife.

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"Yes," concluded Drifter, "and I'd do the same thing over again to bring as much happiness as'that little wife displayed when she went to the dance and probably reveled in the fa6t that, wilderness though it was, she was the prettiest and best dressed woman in the settlement."—New York Sun.

GENTLEMEN OF THE ROAD.

The Famous Highwaymen "Sixteen Strings Jack" and Dick Turpin. At the Rose tavern, a noted, gaming bouse standing in Marylebone gardens early lo the eighteenth century, Sheffield, duke of Buokingbara.ased to toast his companions at their farewell dinner, when the season ended, in the ominous words, "May as many of us as remain unhanged next spring meet here again!" John Rann, the highwayman, otherwise "Sixteen Strings Jack" of evil fame, liked to swagger abeut at Bagnigge Wells in the intervals of carrying ont.bia nefarious deeds or undergoing punishment for the same. He is described as appearing there in July, 1774, "atttod ta af aoarlet coat, fainbour

waistcoat, white silk stookings and a laced hat. On eaoh knee he vtore the bunch of eight ribbons which bad gained him bis sobriquet of 'Sixteen Strings Jack.' There were lively doings under the influence of this sprightly gentleman, and on the occasion referred to he was pitched rat of a window for offending honest company. Only a few months later he met the reward of his misdeeds on the gallows at Tyburn for venturing to rob the Princess Amelia's chaplain.

Dick Turpin Was another "gentleman of the road" who amused himself in the intervals of "business" by frequenting pleasure gardens. He was once moved to kiss a fair lady in publio at Marylebone, assuring her, when she protested, that 6be might ever after boaatof the favor she bad received. Whether Turpin and gentlemen of similar occupation oame to ploasure gardens solely for their diversion may reasonably be doubted when we remember how frequent robberies were in the paths and field ways leading to these sylvan retreats. Watchmen were set "to guard those who go over the fields late at night," yet even so visitors were often attacked and robbed, eometimes in the gardens themselves and sometimes on the road to or from them.

In early days at Marylebone it was deemed necessary to provide the company with a guard of soldiers to conduct them home at nights, a curious winding up to a jovial evening. Pickpocket's were of course plentiful at all the gardens despite every precaution, and one night at Cuper's, in 1743, a thief, caught in the act of taking a lady's purse, was rescued from the hands of the police by a band of his oomrades on his way through St. George's fields and enabled to escape justice for that time.— Temple Bar.

A GHOST STORY.

Ocular Demonstration of the Existence of /Nocturnal Apparitions. Dr. Fowler, bishop of Gloucester In the early part of the eighteenth century, was a believer in apparitions. The following conversation of the bishop with Judge Powell is reoorded: "Since I saw you," said the lawyer* "I havo had ocular demonstration of the existenoe of nooturnal' apparitions." "I am glad you aro become a convert to the truth, but do you say actual ocular demonstration? Let me know the particulars of the story." "My lord, I will. It was—let me see— last Thursday night between the hours of 11- and 12, but nearer the latter than the former, as I lay sleeping in my bed, I was suddenly awakened by an uncommon noise and heard something coming up stairs and stalking directly toward my room. The door flying open, I drew baok my curtain and saw a faint glimmering light enter my chamber." "Of a blue color no doubt." "The light was of a pale blue, my lord, and followed by a tall, meager personage, his locks hoary with age, and clothed in a long loose gown, a leathern girdle atiout his loins, his beard thick and grizzly, a large fur oap on his head and a long staff in his hand. Struck with astonishment, I remained for some time motionless and silent. The figure advanced, staring me full in the face. I then said, 'Whenceand what are thou?' "Wbatwas the answer—tell me—what was the answer?' "The following was the answer: 'lam a watchman of the night, an't please your honor, and made bold to oome up stairs to inform the family of their street door being open, and that if it was not soon shut they would probably be robbed before morning.' "—Penny Majcazuie of 1832.

SUPPE AN EPICURE.

The Composer Found Amusement In Flanfcj ning Dainty Viands. \It appears that the late Franz von Stippe was, like Rossini, a great epicure. He even wrote a cookbook. Being of Italian descent, he always showed a preference for the cuisine of Italy. He knew all the places in Vienna where good Italian wines were to be had, and it is asserted that the motives for his trips to the Italian cities, as far as Naples, a few years ago, were gastronomic, scenic and artistic in about equal proportions. He had not seen Italy for half a century, and was surprised to find his "Fatinitza" and "Boccaccio" so popular there. These two operettas brought him a handsome fortune, whereas his most famous orchestral piece, the overture to "Poet and Peasant" (which has been arranged for 59 different combinations of instruments), was sold by him for 20'florins (about $8). For his soug, "O du Mein Oesterreich," on the other hand, he'received 40,000 florins.

He always enjoyed excellent health, and was a great worker till a few years ago, when his eyesight failed and the loss of his only son prostrated him. He knew alimost all the great musicians of his time, and in his villa at Gars the rooms are adorned with portraits of Rossini, Meyerbeer, Lortzing, Wagner and others with autograph dedications. His conviviality is illustrated by an incident which he often related. After the first performance of Lortzing's "Waffenschmied" in Vienna, he went with the composer to a tavern to celebrate the event. They "celebrated" 20 continuous hours, till Lortzing suddenly remembered that he must go to conduct the second performance. He was just sober enough to know that he was not sober enough to do it, so Suppe, who could stand more, volunteered to take his place. But the performance came to grief all the same. —New York Post.

A Southerner's Bravery.

"During the civil war there was not a more rabid secessionist or a moro popular man in California than Charlie Fairfax, Virginian, and direct descendant of Lord Fairfax," said City Attoruoy Creswell. "He was a man of such undoubted courage, such scrupulous honesty and 6uch distinguished courtesy that his violent prejudices against the north were forgiven before they were expressed, and his open declarations of disloyalty forgotten as soon as spoken. "While clerk of the supreme court in Sacramento he engaged in an altercation with a man named Wliitcomb Leo. Without warning Lee drew a sword cane and mado a lunge at Fairfax. The keen blude penetrated his abdomen a oouplo of inches before he could seize it. Fairfax hold the blade with his left hand while ho whipped out his revolver with his right, and with the sword still in tho wound he leveled his pistol at Lee's bead and said in the coolest tone: 'Draw that sword and put it up. I would kill you, but no man shall ever say that Charlie Fairfax made a woman a widow and children fatherless.'"—San Jfeancisco Post.

The Uttle Dressmaker.

fashionable women are, very fond of having a mysterious "little dressmaker" of tJieir own, who produces sucoessful toilets, at what tbey are pleased to consider a very small cost. "What a lovely frock! Where did you get it?" This note of admiration often elicits the reply: "Oh, a little dressmaker I discovered lately made it for me," and the fair possessor feels quite a sense of creation in her treasure trove. A woman, too, while shopping in Paris, often finds more real pleasure in the "petites costumes" which she invents with the aid of a clever although obscure little oouturiere whom she has "found," than in her most elaborate and costly confections from the great houses, especially if she is successful in bringing her favorite to the fore and making her famous in the "beau monde.

I wish I wa6 ae sure of anything as Tern MaoanJay to of everything.—Lord Melbourne

WOMEN AS ORATORS.

DAUGHTERS OF EVE COMING TO THE FRONT AS PUBLIC SPEAKERS.

Clubs Have Developed Their Powere ot Making Addresses Some Who Have Gained Reputations In This Country.

Sirs. Blake on the Essential Qualities.

The mushroom growth of women's clubs in the last five years has resulted In bringing to the front many "mute and Inglorious" orators who for years had been wasting their command of language in Caudle leotures or allowing it to rust away in silence. Then oamo the woman's club, and with it public speaking. The first speeobes were not edifying. Stage fright ie a mild and agreeable sensation compared to the emotion of the trembling creature who, with every frill on her gown fluttering and every flower in her hat quivering with excitement, put her band on the back of her chairand S3id, "F-f-fel-low m-m-members and g-g-guests." Sometimes she

Stopped at this stage of the

proceedings and sometimes she went on with the courage born of despair, her untrained voioe wavering and halting, now sinking to a sepulchral whisper, now rising to a squeak. When it was all over, she promised herself that she would never speak again—no, never. Occasionally the members seoretly resolved that she never should, but the growth of clubs, political, literary, sooial and scientific, has changed all that. The clubwoman can now discuss with ease and aplomb any topic. She has studied her every tone and gesture and rehearsed even the manner of rising from her chair and the preoise degree of sweetness to put into her smile of pleasure when the applause has become deafening. The wife of a well known man recently mado her maiden speech in publio and aohieved such an unusual success that the teacher of elocution, who naively claimed the credit of her success, lias formed a new department in bear school. In this department women who are to 6peak before clubs or congresses are trained.

The Roman women were very fond of having a finger in the matrimonial pie, and it may be gently 6aid that had the Spartan boy been brought before his mother instead of before the judge ho would have heard a bit of oratory that would have hurt quite as much as did his dearly bought fftx. Boadicea, queen of Britain, haranguing her soldiers before leading tbem to war, was a type of the woman orator. Semiramis, who may be a myth, but who was a very substantial one, was not alone a woman of words, but a woman of works. She it was who, succeeding her husband, the founder of Nineveh, ruled as queen of Assyria, built the tower of Baal in Babylon, which was famous for speech of all and every kind, as we read, conquered Egypt and superintended the building of tho hanging gardens of Babylon and other wonders of that city. Catherine of Russia, Margaret, queen of Norway, and Mme. Roland of France were other great women and great speakers.

In America Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mrs. Mary Livermore, Anna Dickinson, Susan B. Anthony,. Mrs. Lillie Devereux Blake, Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson, Mrs. Carrio Chapman Catt, Rev. Anna Shaw and Mrs. Isabella Charles Davis are all well known and have all lent luster to the bright and shining record of women orators. Mrs. Stanton, who speaks very rarely now, owing to her advanced age, in her younger days was very handsome'and besides this very potent argument in her favor as a public personage had a beautiful voioe. She had a great command of language and spoke with wonderful fervor. Susan B. Anthony is satirical in a dry, droll way. She puts commonplace facts in such absurd lights and treats the ponderous arguments of her enemies in such a sarcastic and amusing way as to disarm even the most nimble witted. Anna Dickinson was poetic. She was tremendously in earnest and had a fine voioe, and a wealth of poetic imagery illuminated her speeches.

Mrs. Mary Ellen Lease is another woman born to lead by virtue of the gift of eloquence. Mrs. Ballington Booth, who pleads for souls instead of votes, is a type of the emotional orator. No matter how much in earnest or how indignant she may be, there is always an undercurrent of tenderness in her speeches. Her voioe is clear and powerful, but caressing, and no one knows better than she how to play upon heartstrings, no matter how cut of tune they may be.

Mi's. Lillie Devereux Blake, when asked her opinion of woman in oratory, said: "Women are the world's natural orators. A good conversationalist n^fkes a good publio speaker. There are many brilliant conversationalists among women. Only the exceptional man talks well." "What do you consider the most essential quality for an orator!"' was asked. "Opportunity and practice," insisted Mrs. Blake. "The reason there are not more women orators is that there havo been no opportunities. Only the suffragists spoke in public, and so today the only orators are suffragists. To be a successful speaker one must be very much in earnest, one's thoughts must be clearly and logically expressed, but they must well up from the heart. Then one must study. Tho beginner always emphasizes the unimportant words, dwells on the 'ands,' 'buts' and 'thes,' and smothers the word which is the keynote of her sentence in a muffled voice. One should be full of one's feubjeot, know how to deliver one's words and then, as far as possible, forget self and think only cf speech and audience. As the Romans said, 'A poet is bo^n, r-ot made, but an orator is made at the expense of his audience,' and every publio speaker would do well to bear that in mind. When I first began speaking in publio, I used to go out into the highways and hedges for my audiences. A gathering of people meant fcr mo only an assembly of listeners. I went to the slums and into the country. I spoke in churches and in stuffy balls, in playhouses and at private residences."—Now York Commercial Advcrtisor.

Carved Furniture.

In selecting the deservedly popular furniture of natural woods the woes of the housemaid should not be forgotten. Elaborate carving that charms the eye is a doepair to the person who has its dusting^tn charge, for it is impossible to get at itB minute details with the ordinary duster.

A fine brush is the nearest approach to a thorough cleanser, though even this is not altogether satisfactory. With this domestic dilemma in mind the wise housewife secures for a room that ia much used, with the necessary dust that that fact implies, a table which is merely one great, thiok slab of mahogany, highly polished, but with no ornamentation whatever except its correspondingly large claw feel

Women In Finland.

In Finland there is a decided surplus of women, the female population of that country being 1,208,599, while the male is 1,171,641. Out of a total population of some 2,500,000, therefore, there are 37,000 more women than men. This means that women bave to work bard for their support. In a recent book, "Through Finland In Carts," by an English woman, one learns some cf the ways in whioh the Finnish women do this. "She soon comes to think that there is nothing she cannot da On looking over the statistics of women employed in trades, one is pleased to see 17 women carpenters and 22 paper bang ers, as these trades are eminently fitted for women, but we sigh to find 765 aro employed loading ships, *wbicb manual labor

is very bard. One is surprised to notice that 21 women are •laugbterers!" Perbaps this shiploading is even harder than the author thinks. The greater part of it) is the filling of the holds with corn. The workers down in these beated, breathless pits must work with handkerchief eve* their faces or they would be kill?d *y the choking dust. Often and ofKm titcy come up to the daylight bleeding froao nose and. ears, and many of these Ftocieb waiaext are little girls! y*

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I The Guide.

Ofttimea I have soen a tall pfcip glide by' against the tide as if drawn by some invisible towlino with a hundred strong arms pulling it Her sails hung unfilled^ her streamers were drooping, she had neither side wheel nor stern wbwl. Still she moved on stately in sorese triumph,/ as if with her own life, but I knew that on the other side of the 6hip, hidden beneath the great bulk that swam so majestically, there was a little, tolling itw.ra tag with a heart of fire »nd arsjs of iron that was hugging it close asd dragging it bravely on, and I knew that if the little steam tug untwined her arms and left the tali ship, it would wallow and roll about, and drift hither and thither and go oft with refluent tide, no man knows whither. And so I bave known more than one genius, high decked, full freighted, wide sailed, gay pennoned, that but for the bare, toiling arms and brave, warm, beating heart of the faithful little wife that nestled close to him, so that no wind or wave could part them, would soon bave gone down stream and been beard a/ no more.—Oliver Wendell Holmes.

I Women of the Neutral Type. "~I havo more than once advised women of the "neutral" typo never to select decided colors, says a writer in L'Art de la Mode. Very fair and very dark women oan best venture upon strcrg contrasts, but so long as there are sualr very pretty color mixtures and shadow and shot effects in silk, satin and silk and wool blendings women of no decided type can array themselves smartly and most becomingly, and it may be said for the satisfaction of those who belong to the "neutral class" that looks of this description wear the best.to the end. The brilliant brunette, her dark beauty enhanced by the rich, becoming hues, is indeed resplendent, hue the decadence in her lookd when ic takes place is usually more marked than In tb* ease of her less striking sister. And very blond women, supremely lovely in youth, are almost certain with advance in years to lose the dazzling complexion that generally accompanies golden bair. Rarely indeed has the "neutral" woman the £»ang of hearing—accidentally, of course—that she has so "terribly ohanged." Verily tha world is full of compensations.

Scarcity of White Women.

A notable feature of yearly all of the European colonies in Asia, Africa and the islands is the scarcity of white women. Particularly is this true of the French colonies. In Algeria there are said to be from four to six Frenchman to every Frenchwoman. As a consequence there is little social or home life. The French colonists say that it is a difficult matter to persuade their oonntry women to leave home for the rough life of the colony. In the English and Dutch colonies the proportion of women is a little larger, though even the sturdy Dutchwomen do not seem to fancy the life. In some of tho tropical countries few women from the north temperate zone can stand the climate or the rough life, and many authorities, among them the German explorer. Dr. Wolf, say that if a man wants a helpmate he should select her from the native daughters of the soil, as he has no right to ask a woman of his own race to share the hard shins and/ dangers of those regions.—New York Tribune.

The Fables' Eyes.

Little babies'eyes are quickly affected by strong sunlight, but in spite of this we often see a young nursemaid gossiping with a friend while her unfortunate little charge sits strapped into a cart, with the sun streaming into bis face, quite possibly receiving a lasting injury to his eyes, if not his brain.

If a child should come in after his morning walk with eyes reddened and evidently painful, bathe them with a little hot water. Cold would give more relief at the tJme, but if the water is as hot as the eyes can bear, a cure will be effected more, speedily.- Should the eyes oontinue to be inflamed, dissolve a teaspoonful of boracio aoid powder in a pint of boiling rainwater and dab It en to the eyes with a small' sponge or rag till the pain is relieved. It may be applied either hot or cold. This simple wash is most useful for ohildren of, all ages, and there is no fear of its injur-' ing the most delicate eye.—Amerioaa Queen.

Barbed Wire Burdock.

The rivalry between the different Leaguft baseball teams is nothing compared to the' bitter feeling whioh used to exist between: the Boston and Providence teams in 1883, and 1884. The players were at swords'« points, particularly the rival second base men, Burdock and Jack Forrell. The latter resorted to all sorts of trioks when he was on his own grounds in Providence,! such as spreading pieces of broken glass near second base and preventing the Bosions from slicing by telling them that the glass was there. Farrell also was in the habit of sharpening his spikes to a razor edge, and whenever he seaohed first base he never failed to show his spikes to Burdock, with the warning remark: "I'm coming down there, and you'll lose a leg if you get in th9 way!"

Burdock was at a loss to know how to stop Farrell untilono day ahappysbought struck him. He bought coil of barbed wire, and after he bad put on his stookings be wound the wire around tho calves of his legs. Then he went out on the field and said to Farrell: "When you slide today, leok cut for roe, cr I'll tear you into ribbons." Jack saw the wire and became as meek cs a Lamb.— New York Sun.

The Source cf Chalybeate Water. The chalyicsate waters of Tun bridge Wells are said to owe thair ruddy tint a: queer taste to the fact thfct St. Dunstan flung his pinchers into tbojn after that memorable encounter recoru«d in tbe old rhyme,

St. Dunst-an, as the story goee, Once pulled the devil by the nose With redhot tongs, whioh made aim roarv That he was heard three miles or more, or that the glowing proboscis—and a long mout is ono of the most marked features of the fiend in the mediaeval art—was itself plunged into the healing well, when its owner bad taken a flying hjap out of the mint's cell at Mayfield, sc:ce nine or tea miles away.—Gentleman's Magazine.

ftld&'t Like Txx«s.

Cases against George Washington appea* here and there in a civil docket urseurihed in the ceurtbouoe at GrcjiKsburg, F*. No loss than three claims were entered against hlrn during the yeur 1787 to co: ipel him to pay twxes. The humorous clerk, comrenting on these aclioos, remarked, "George Washington, Ivs»., appa&reth nol to like taxes."

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