Semi-weekly Express, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 1 January 1897 — Page 3

BIETH OF GLADSTONE

CELEBRATED DECEMBER 29 BY THE VETERAN STATESMAN.

-S felt, liSh^ -j» Me Is 87 Years Old and Began Bis Labors in England 64 Vwti r,

Ago. *'#$

S3h?

Eighty-seven yeans ago on Decemoer 29, 1809. William Ewart Gladstone was born, and sixty-four years ago this month he was elected to parliament and entered upon the oareer of statesmanship which has made tIS name illustrious and one of the glories of England. It is, perhaps, impossible for the people of one nation to understand the genius and merits of even a great leader who Is the outgrowth of the civic institutions and the climatic condition of another, comments the Brooklyn Eagle. Yet Mr. Gladstone is one of America's idols. He fills out the ideal of a pure, capable, scholarly, successful statesman. Even now, after some years of retirement, his power is great, as was shown recently during the agitation in England over the Armenian trouble. The Salisbury government was deeply stirred by his declaration. that England should fight the "assassin in the East." Mr. Gladstone's control and influence, however, always had their distinct limitations, and he never held the hearts of the whole English people in allegianoe to hiB leadership, as

Beaconfield,

re not known to the con

stitution, as it was then interpreted. Now to dwell in a "house" confers a vote, even though it be only'a pig's house, in the opinion of the aristocracy. At that time trade was restricted and bread was taxed. No meat could be imported from a foreign country. Monoply and* privileges -had the best ofhverything. There was no education of the prior except such as was given by charitable persons, and most of them attached a religious creed to the gift. The East India company had a monopoly of the tea trade and sugar was taxed. Eight shillings—over $1.50—a pound for tea was the common price, about 15 cents a pound for brown sugar and 20 cents for loaf sugar. Coal was so high that the poor could not buy it. The laborer was confined to his parish by the operation of the poor law, and the artisan was hindered from seeking work at-a distance by the great expense of traveling. There was no railroad ,to carry the workman about quicker than the queen's grandfather ever traveled and at a penny at mile for his journey.

A Great Worker.

Mr. Gladstone, as has often been said, has the working capacity of a score of ordinary men. Even at the age of 87 few men can approach him in this respect. When at the head of the ministry he was a human miracle in the duties which he performed, the engagements he met, the literary leisure he turned to account, the hours he sat at his tasks, the projects he formulated and the recreation he allowed himself. He always worked, and does now, with wonderful rapidity. He goes to church, reads the scriptural lessons, walks on Sunday through his parks and grounds, several miles at a stretch sometimes.

Like all well-to-do countrymen, Mr. Gladstone is a good liver. He not only works hard, but he eats like a man who has earned a good dinner, and he sleeps as does the man with a good conscience. His country house Is at Hawarden Castle, near old Chester. He was, in the English sense, horn a gentleman. His father—Sir John Gladstone, Bart.—was a well known and worthy merchant of Liverpool. Mr. Gladstone was educated at Eaton and at Christ Church, Oxford. His academic training was not only educational in text books, but was pre-em inently up in aristocratic associations and conventionalities. He was born to the highest and trained to the highest English society.

Mr. Gladstone is also a practical economist. He has inherited money, he has earned money, and he has saved money. His habits of economic expenditure have occasioned no end of small talk and afternoon tea gosip. It Is commonly believed that he has the fault 4tf parsimony, but those who know him intimately in his home bear testimony to the high respect in which he is hold by his family and by his neighbors. He is not demonstrative in his domestic affections or in his social intercourse. His demeanor is rather cold than otherwise and were he not great he might be considered conceited and inglorious. When his conscience forgets itself he is a little of both. He drinks moderately and does not use tobaoco. In fact, he is exemplary, no matter from which point of view one looks at him. While in power he took care of his scuS. He put one into a good church living and two others in parliament, not on their merits, but upon his illustrious name. He took care of his admirers and supporters also, and saw that they and their sons got good places in the government where they can •erve their country for their country's good. For a prime minister to do this is easy.

Making

Cabinet.

11 ?The prime minister, as a rule, makes his Cabinet. The queen merely commissions him to form one, and never selects any of the who are to be given portfolios of state. ^^jjon as he has her majesty's commission the prime minister takes into his confidence one or two men to whom he may give the choice of any of the cabinet positions, and they together talk over other names. When a man is decided upon be usually joins the conclave and assists in the momentous consultation about men and places. In that way the cabinet is gradually evolved, sometimes in a single day. No doubt, the prime minister's choice is not always free. Certain men must hold the great offices of state, no matter what happens, but the premier influences to a great extent the preferences of his colleagues, and as he himself asks men to serve, those who accept feel that he is their superior. With him they are, and with him they will go when the opposition triumphs, as it usually floes sooner or later. The theory of the unwritten constitution is that the cabinet, when formed, governs. In reality it seldom floes anything of the kind. The prime minister largely controls the cabinet meetings.

Next, if a vacancy occurs he fills it, and so MB promote men from the lower to the high

the

tory, or John Bright, the radical, did. But, on. the other hand, his Irish policy was one of the boldest in the history of his country.

Many years have rolled over men and institutions since December 13, 1832, when Mr. Gladstone, at the age of 23, entered public life, and many reforms have been accomplished. When the reform act of 1832 was passed England was governed by an oligarchy. The ancient institutions which were founded on the representative principle were perverted into personal property. A town which sent members to parliament dwindled away through ciroumstances which scattered Its population, and the man who stood by the last building in it found himself patron of a couple of seats in parliament. Thus it was that many villages in Cornwall were endowned with the right of electing a brace of members each, and the proprietor could often boast that he held three such properties and sent half a dozen members to parliament This was the case of Sir Masseh Loper, who, having made a fortune as a diamopd merchant, bought boroughs, obtained a baronetcy and founded a family. While these boroughs, termed "rotten," because they represented no public principle, were flourishing, towns like Birmingham, LeedB and Manchester were not represented. Householders

er offices. There is no power to say him nay. Then he can and does confer with his colleagues and party leaders in parliament in regard to the business of the government and in that way has a strong hold upon the machine of state. Sir Robert Peel saw every member of his cabinet separately every day. Again, if there is a difference between two members of the official family he becomes the arbiter in tt^e controversy. If there is an irreconcilable difference between him' and a minister, it is the minister and not the premier who resigns. Lastly, the prime minister can, by resigning himself, dissolve the cabinet. Thus he makes and can unmake the ministry. Hence the voices of those who want to keep in office are always found on the side of the premier, and he can get most of the minor places for his friends and his friends' friends, If he wants them.

The ancestors of Mr. Gladstone were Presbyterians and Presbyterians filled a large place in the religious life of Liverpool. Among the founders of the Oldham street Presbyterian church in that city, says Mr. Wilcox, were members of parliament, John Gladstone and William Ewart. Both of these sons gave distinguished sons to statesmanship. One of them, William Ewart, was the pioneer of free-library legislation the other is the ilustrlous William Ewart Gladstone. It does not seem, however, that Presbyterianism dominated the Gladstones. Oldham street church had hot beeen long opened at the beginning of this century, nvhen Sir John Gladstone seceded. There is a tradition that the chosen pastor was not acceptable to the Gladstone family and that Mrs. Gladstone persuaded her husband to leave for a church more suited to their taste. Be that as it may, the faqt known from* the records is that they left Presbyterianism and Oldham street and built the Episcopal church which now stands in Renshaw sreet, Liverpool, carrying with them of course, their young son, the future orator and statesman. This incident probably changed the whole current of the boy's life, and it would be curious speculation to imagine how different might have been his course had not hisv mother quarreled with the Presbyterian pastor and gone into the bosom of tjie Church of England

The central passenger committee have ftsued a 5,000-ijnile interchangeable ticket. Of over forty named railway systems, over which this mileage is good, the following named lines are included anil of most importance to Terre Haute traveling men: The Vandalia, Big Four, (excepting Mt. Gilead short line), C. & E. I., E. & T. H., E. & I., I. D. & W., Wabash, (east of Mississippi), Pennsylvania lines west of Pittsburg, Peoria, Decatur & Evansville, Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Nickel Plate and Baltimore & Ohio, west of the Ohio river. In addition to the above are a number of Ohio roads and several in Kentucky. The Illinois Central, Toledo, Kansas City & St. Louis, (Clover Leaf), and the I. & I. S. are omitted from the list for some reason. Terre Haute traveling men have some walking stock In the last mentioned road and do not like to have the road slighted.

It costs $100, a photograph and postage to Chicago to get one of these books. The photograph (unmounted) must be of size to fit a circle one and three-fourth inches in diameter. A draft or certified check must be enclosed, payable to the order of F. C. Donald, and the letter is addressed "F. C. Donald, commissioner, central passenger committee. Monadnock Building, Chicago." (Please remove your hat while writing the address.) You order the ticket sent you by express to the care of some railroad agent in whose presence' you are to affix your signature. (Don't spit on the floor.) Pay the express charges yourself. (No smoking allowed.) The conditions imposed by this ticket are that the owner shall not ride by proxy but always in persoh. At all stations where there is an atjent you must present your mileage book. lie will look you squarely in the eye (don't flinch) and perhaps ask you the question "Male or female?" If satisfied with your make-up he may say "Whither?" You say "Teutopolis, owet," or wherever you desire to go. He will then write something on a ticket. (Merely a request to the conductor to watch you and see if you are not an imposter.) He then tears out several miles out of your book and will place the ticket in the book, and handing it to you, will turn round and kick his hunting dog, because it was not a cash fare you gave him. You are now ready to mount the train. (If your bagga^s is checked paid, bus fare paid, drayage paid ^and if not the train will wait, nit.) The conductor comes along. Courage! Don't quail. Try to seem indifferent. Hold up your book with the ticket inside and the photo turned towards him. Now his eye is on you. It is a soul searching eye. Like the agent, his first question, mental or otherwise, Is as to your sex. (Oh, these railroad fellows can tell the sex at a glance.) He may ask you "Are you t^e feller you represent yourself to be, or are you an Imposter?" You simply say "Yes/' (Double entendre.) He may say "Do you write autographs, if so write one for me?" and you must do it, for he has that $100 book clutched in his right hand and the train running thirty miles an hour and you are liable to stop and the book go on. When he Shall become thoroughly convinced that you are yourself and the same yesterday, today and tomorrow he will take the ticket from the book, inspect it, hand you the book, with a look of disgust in not finding you the traveling agent of a scalper, will pass on.

Now if the station agent should be absent or no station agent, you can hunt up a no

tary

public, make out your solemn affidavit that on a

certain-time

the holder

aforesaid, etc., you

failed to find "his npbs," the pasteboard minger in his office. You may get on any train on which you can see the diamond in the engineer's shlrtfront, and you may be able V/ convince the conductor that you could^t get a ticket, ana in such a case he will perhaps accept your mileage by virtue of rule 9. "What's the company's is the company

What's mine is mine. I takes what's the company's By right of rule nine."

If you get put off the train for failure to get a ticket for reasons aforesaid, your recourse is damages by law suit. The usual amount for such damages in the case of traveling men is $5,000, all=Others proportionately less, according to grade of importance. During the existing hard times it might be well to knock off a thousand for spot cash. (No charge for suggestions.) Another provision of the ticket is this: "That you shall not disguise your identity in any

manner,

else

the conductor or agent may refuse to honor vour mileage." No masqueraders wearing masks no swelled head, discolored or jamnKd un features go. No raising beard and mustachlos or removing same

after

your photo

Is taken. False hair or loss of hair will en-

danter

recognition. The ticket is issued to

as a personal privilege, say the

conditions, and any .violation

a bath tub would be a novel

conditl°ns

nrrrks forfeiture of the book. Your J100 is ud all the same. Those contemplating buying X, .ell t. Jw "0j! limited to one year

an*Al^Uiar

siderable

time

with the

to become familiar witn

C°Shutt!eworth's

experiment with a cork in

8*Sht*

Si Finch still continues at rare intervals pl^y billiards. Great'men are frequently presented with .their 6wn-portraits, but it has remained for Li Hung Chang to be given an ivory group of great men with himself as a central figure. The unique curio shows Gladstone, Bismarck and Li each looking out of his own little window on the world. The fig* ures are exquisitely carved, the arms, shoulders and hands "having special attention paid to them—thiB being a matter of Chinese etiquette. The group is now on its way to China.

The Malay language, spoken In the south seas, is softer than the Italian and is said to be totally unlike any other known Inngnage.

The very first of th& living skeletons ever exhibited in modern times was a Frenchman named Claude Seurat, who was born in 1798.

TBBBF. HAUTE EXPRESS* FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1,1897.

KILLED THE MOOSE.

HOW THREE HUNTER8GOTTHE LAST ONE iN THE ADIRONDACKS.

It Was a Big Bull, ud th« Huston Ware Von* xay» Baifiai Htll Alter SeeIn* HI* Traoka—Cradlt Itae Their Deerhound—Oaa Mai In a Tree*

Two of the three men who took part In the hunt that resulted in the killing of the last Adirondack moose' are stfll alive and living on the outskirts of the great north wood a. They are Henry Wiley and Captain Frank Faville. The home of the former is at Salisbury, in the northern part of Herkimer oonnty, while that of the latter ia on the St. Lawrence, the extreme northern boundary of the wilderness.

Wiley, Faville and Jed Thompson, the three hunters, were all experienced woodsmen, but none of them bad killed a moese in the Adlrondaoks. In faot, a moose had not been killed for 30 years before. It was nearly 60 years ago that thp moose left the Adirondacks and crossed Into Canada.

It was early in the winter of 1688 that Wiley, Faville and Thompson started out on a bunt for deer. There had been reports in the settlement for some time before that an enormous bull moose had been seen in the vicinity of the Canada lakes, and, while -the hunters did not take much stock in the reports, they deolded to hunt around the lakes, hoping that if a moose had strayed over from Canada they would get a shot at him. They had Wiley's big deerbound along, and to that faot the old bull owed his death.

The men were skirting the southern side of West lake when Wiley discovered the great tracks of the moose in the snow. Calling the others, they examined the traoks with deep Interest. None of them had ever seen moose traoks before, but there was no mistaking them, for no other animal could have left such hoof prints. The trail was comparatively fresh, and the hunters determined to follow it until they overtook the game If it took all winter, and at one time it seemed to them as if it would.

All thHt day the hunters followed the trail, and tbey camped that night on the shore of Pleasant lake. At daylight they started again, the trail leading around the northern side of the lake. By nightfall they were on the southern shore and apparently no nearer their quarry than when they started. They were all hardy fellows, but they were pretty tired and somewhat discouraged, for the traeks were as fresh as ever, and it seemed as If they would never be able to oatoh up with the eld bull. As yet the hound had not taken the scent, whioh led Wiley to believe that the mpose must still be a long distance ahead of them.

The ne*t morning another start was made, and the trail led directly badk toward the Canada lakes. At about evening the hunters reached the point from which they had started the day before. Here Wiley found seoond track exactly like the first, at which he was decidedly nonplused. He studied tho trail oarefully, and then he said: "I'll be gol dnrned if I don't think the tarnnl critter's runnin round in a circle 'twixt here an PleasaDt lake, an if we want to git a shot at him we'll have to go t'other way an head him off." "That's sensible figuring," replied the captain. "But if we do that, we'll have to leave the trail, and the dog won't be of any use to us."

After discussing the matter fully it was decided to camp for the night and in the morning to divide the party, Wiley taking the dog and following the traoks, while the other two men should go around the other way, in the hope of heading off the moose.

About 8 o'clock in the afternoon the hound took the scent, and with a deep bay bounded off into the woods, Wiley following as fast as he could, hoping the moose would be driven to bay by the dog before the big animal should run into the guns of the other hunters. The latter, be reckoned, should be somewhere near by that time^, Wiley wanted the moose badly, but be wanted to get a shot at it himself.

Presently the peculiar barking of the dog indicated that the moose had turned. A few minutes later Wiley came upon a scene that he has not .forgotten yet. In a little glade not 100 yards away stood the most gigantic animal that he had ever seen. It was twice as big as a oow and stood higher than a horse. His head, crowned with immense antlers, was lowered for a charge at the dog, and his eyes blazed with rage.

The dog was evidently badly soared, but yet had too much pluck to run away. He would advance toward the moose, barking furiously, and then the moose would charge upon him, and the dog would make tracks for dear life. Wiley tvas so astounded at the enormous size of the animal that he did not think of his rifle, but stood gazing at the soene in amazement. At last he calne to his senses, and when tho bull presented his shoulder Wiley raised bis gun and fired, aiming for a point just behind the fore leg.

Now, Wiley was ordinarily a dead shot, but this time he must have been affected by nervousness, for his bullet struck the moose in tho fleshy part of the shoulder. Up to that time the moose bad been so occupied with tho dog that he had not noticed Wiley. Now, however, he turned, and with a bellow of rage started for his new enemy. In those days there were no magazine breechloaders, and Wiley knew that he would not have time to reload before the bull would be on him. So ho dropped his gun and sprang into the limbs of a nearby tree.

The moose oame on with a rush and butted the tree with such force/ as almost to shake Wiley from his perch. Again and again he charged, but Wiley hung on with a desperate grip. Then the dog came into the play again, and the moose turned to him. Once Wiloy attempted to slip down after his rifle,"but the moons was alert and charged so fiercely that WCey was glad to scamper back to his perch.

The moose was very foolish, for he might have taken to the deep woods and escaped before Wiley could reload his gun, but the old fellow seemed determined to stay until lie had killed the dog. It was a fatal error, for after an hour of rushing back and forth Faville and Thompson came into sight on the other side of the glade. The mopse raised his head and snorted when he sighted his new enemies. "Look out for him!" shouted Wiley. "He's a pesky critter an full of fight."

Faville was always a cool hand and did not lose his nerve for a moment. As the roose lowered his head to oharge Faville knelt down, and, taking deliberate aim, fired a bullet into the brain of the meoee, killing him instantly. Wiley still baa the mounted head of the.moose, which weighed about 1,600 pounds.—New York Sun.

'iQ CHUR^n OF THE NATIVITY.

The Venerable Building That Marks Hie Birthplace of Christ. We return in time to see the procession of bishops priests and people that ia forming in the square in front of the church. Each isdreaced In his most gorgeous robes. Turkish soldiers line beth sides of the street to keep the way open for the procession to pass. The Latin patriarch of Jerusalem has just arrived. The precession of priests, oarrying banners and immense candles, meets him, then turns, and all go into the Latin chapel through the main entranoe. Following, we are surprised tc find the main' entrance so small. It can admit' but one at a that one

muni stoop te entsr. From the masonry It oan be seen that the entrance was ones mpeh larger. The reason for the change was? thai the Mobamasedaas at oaa time did all in their power te injure and annoy the Christians, and even used to ride on borsebaok U?to the vary church. The door, therefore, was made small to protect the church tara this Heritage.

Onoe lasMe, we see we are in a very ancient structure. Part of the maacary dates from the time of Constantino, who built a magnificent basilica on thla site abont the yip* 830 of otir era. All we oan see of th« oldest work, however, probably dates from not later than Justinian's time, about 660 A. D. In any case, the oburoh Is a venerable" building, and it has witnessed some skirting scenes. In it Baldwin the crusader was crowned king of Jerusalem. It has been repaired a nntaber of times, and oiiceVwhen it needed a new roof, King Edward IV of England gave the lead to make one. Thla was about the year 1488. The lead roof did good service for about 300. yean, and might have lasted much loager bad not the Mohammedans malted it up to make bullets. However, another roof was aeon provided.

Inside the building consists of a nave and double aisles. Tbe aisles are separated by two rows of columns made of red limestone. These oolamns have plain bases and are surmounted by Corinthian oapitals. They are 19 feet high, and at the top ofteaoh across lrf\engraved. The ohuroh it now owned by the Latin, Greek and Armenian Christians. —.Edwin S. Wallaoe in St. Nicholas.

DEFINITION ©F FAD.

New York Schoolgirls Find a Terse Expressive Phrase. So many fads are engaging the attention of women, espeoially young women, that the subject was brought up for an hour's informal talk in a fashionable school for girls in this city a few days ago. Tq

start the discussion a teacher read frcm a dictionary the following definition oi the word: "Fad—A trivial fancy adopted and pursued fer a time with irrational zeal a matter of no importance, a whim, a croohet, a temporary hobby." "Now let us see if we cannot find a more terse and expressive definition," said the teaober. "I would like to hear a suggestion from each pupiL"

One Of the oldest members of the senior class replied very promptly, "To be busy wltli trifles.

That is very good, but it is a dictionary definition," commented the teacher. "I want original ideas." "How Will this doPi' exclaimed the stat essayist'of the school: "F-a-d—'Frivolous ana deciduous.' Or Stealing and dabbling,*5" cried a flippant pupil.

All of the girls thereupon took up the cue and began forming phrases out of the three letters which constitute tho word under consideration. "Forojng a diversion" was hailed as a vory appropriate definition. "Fanoiful and dainty" was rejected as being inadequate and "Females all daft" was spurned for obvious reasons. "Foibles every day" was about to be adopted as the best suggestion, when a quiet pupil, who bad been busy with her pencil and tablet, said, "Hereis one that is still shorter, 'For a day."'

With one voice the girls exclaimed, "That's it!" And "For aday" was unanimously adopted as the most terse and expressive definition of fad.—New York Times. ," $ CI* •v 4K-

Hew the Devil Made the Hills. The existence of hills and mountains is accounted for in legendary lore in this wise: When the Lord was about to fashion the face of the earth, he ordered the devil to diVe into the watery depths and bring up his hands full of the earth he might find at the bottom. The devil obeyed, but when be filled his hands be filled hlsmouth also. Th^e Lord took the soil and sprinkled it arounu, and the earth appeared, but was perfectly fiat. The devil, who still had his mouth full of earth, looked on for some time in silence. At last he tried to speak, but choked and fled in terror. After him followed the two demons, thunder and lightning, and so he rushed about over the face of the earth, spitting earth as he went, eaoh portion of the earth forming itself into a hill. Wherever he took a violent fit of coughing and spitting sky cleaving mountains leaped into view.—St. Louis Republic.

1 ajso likewise.

Lqlrd Meadow'bank, the second of the name, was the son of Lord Meadow bank, esteemedTin his day as a wise judge. John Clerfir, afterward Lord Eldin, was arguing before the son that the words "also" and "likewise," used in a conveyance, had diffeifebt meanings^ "Surely, Mr. Clerk." said the jtidge, "you do not seriously argue that

La]so'

means anything different from

'likewise!" They mean precisely the same thing, audit matters not which of them is used.'" "Not at all, ray lord," rejoined Clerk. "There is all the difference in the world between the.two words. Let us take an instance. Your worthy father was Lord Meadowbenk, your lordship is 'also' Lord Me&dow bank, but you are not 'like Wise' Lord Meadowbank!"—San Francisco Argonaut.

The Czars of Russia.

The present emperor of Russia, Nicholas II, ascended She throne Nov. 2,1894. The Russian monarchy dates from 862, when Rurik, Norman ncbleman, was elected by a number of independent Muscovite trilles as their king. From that time Rusv sia was ruled by 67 czars until the accession of Peter the Great in 168S, who was the first to assume the title of emperor. Since then there have been 9 emperors 'bad 4 empresses, or in all 70 sovereigns. The present house of Romanoff holds the throne by virtue of th$ election of Mlohael Feodor Romanoff in 1618.

No Balm.

4'It will kill me!" The funeral services had been interrupted by a violent thunderstorm, and sympathetic relatives were assisting the weeping Widow back to the oarrlage. "After spending £15 on a crape dress for Jim to have it ruined like this 1 I almost wish he hadn't died." garo.

London Fi-

/1./

When your fire is not in proper condition for broiling chops, tbey will be found to be equally good ff breaded and baked in a hot oven. TJse loin or rib chops take out the bpptis, rol^tbem In as oompaet form as possible and lay in a deep pan, with some rc the fat trimmed from them under each one: Make a dressing from fine stale bread orumb's, season with salt and plenty of white and red pepper, moisten with melted butter and a beaten ngg. Spread smoothly over the chops and bake until they ere easily pierced with a fork and brown on the top.—New York Post. -f -a^ .^iV.'Th# Deelina of Chivalry. Jfjp

Wife (drearily)—Ah, me! The days" or chivalry are past. Husband—What's tbe matter now?

Wife-^Slr Walter Raleigh laid his cloak on the ground for Queen Elizabeth to walk over, bOT you get mad simply because poor, dear moilier sat down on your bat.—Boston Globe.

Old Religions Rites.

India t&lebrates annually cocoanut day, saorad to the worship of tbeir god of the sea. In order to propitiate this diwty, cocoanuts are thrown upon the sea by tbe Brahman priests, but the praotioal Mussulmans gather these votive oj&erings from the waves and sell them again. v.

From SI inghal to Washington the dlsneatesi roots is 8,000 wiles.

A THRIVING- CITY.

AMAZING OKOWTH OF TITZOBBALD, 6A..THI OLD SOLDIERS' COLONS.

In One Tear a Wilderness is Changed late, a Busy Town Full of Rich Fromlse and Improvement.

Acting under a charter granted by the legislature to the state of Georgia, Fitzgerald this week robed itself In municipal vestments and set up a local government, says a letter from Tipton, Ga., to the Chicago Times Herald.

By taking upon itself this dignity ana uie responsibilities thereof, Fitzgerald announces proudly to the world that it is no longer an infant that it has passed the experimental stage and alreaihr its lusty luqgs are outbidding its mature neighbors of the south for institutions of industry.

Fitzgerald has amazed Dixlelana. Ji has hewn itself out of an almost unbroken forest and turned the giant pines into more th^n 2,000 structures, rude in the main, but serving the purposes of the period and giving shelter to a population of 8,000 people, whose numbers are being daily increased.,

And all thia in less than a year's time. Christmas a year ago a few hundred of the "early settlers" passed the compliments of the season on a little clearing on the site of the city that has since sprung up. The majority of them had come from Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, the Dakotas and Nebraska, all the way in wagons, and they lived in these, in tents and in rude shacks hurriedly thrown together. All were lined up on both sides of a thoroughfare called the Midway. From this beginning has come the most unique city in the country today. It has the appearance of a boom border town that holds out a bait of gold buried in adjacent hills, but without its lawlessness. Everybody is busy and the atmosphere of the place is that of fixed enterprise and a determination to reach a certain result. The majority of the people are veterans of the late unpleasantness and their children. The former are men who have faced obstacles more grim and insurmountable than that of building new hotnes and the latter have been trained to such conditions. It is apparent, therefore, that no better material could have been assembled to lay the foundation of a new city, and the results are too plain and unequivocal to admit of any doubt. They came to a land of sunshine and of genial warmth, where their work out of doors is uninterrupted by freezing weather or inundating showers, and where they are able to build or garden in the winter as well as in the Bummer.

Fitzgerald's beginning is a matter of history too well known among tbe people of the North to need more than

passing

men

tion but its present and future are subjects of constant inquiry. It will be remembered that P. H. Fitzgerald of Indianapolis, publisher of the American Tribune, is the father of the plan to form a company of members of the G. A. R. on the co-opera-tjve plan and purchase a tract of land to be divided into various sized lots to be taken

yielding a pretty nest egg of $134,620. The purchasers of shares were residents of nearly all the Northern states, but the majority were citizens of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Minnesota and Wisconsin. To a committee was delegated the

work of selecting a site, and propositions came from alifornia, Texas and nearly all the Southern states. After long investigations Southern Georgia was decided upon, and 32,000 acres were purchased—an area of more than fifty-three square miles. Of this great tract one-third lies in Irwin county and two-thirds in Wilcox.

With the site located and the land secured, an exodus of Northern people began. From every quarter wagons loaded with household goods and in many cases with the entire family started southward, and from August, 1895, until the spring of 1896 they arrived in Fitzgerald in procession. Then the American Tribune colony company officiated in the birth of the magic city. When the survey of the lands was completed in November, 1895, one mile square was platted into lots. Outside the lots w$s a belt of five-acre tracts then one of twenty acres and finally forty-acre farms. Some members applied for business lots, some for residence lots and others for acre property. These were drawn by lot. In the business section the company decided to reserve every other lot for sale at a fixed price. In this manner the land has been parceled out to members, and many of the reserve lots hava been sold to non-members. The income from the sale of land to the first of the present month was $117,320, and there are yet

deals have been recently made at $4,500 per lot. When Mayor C. C. Goodnow and 'the officers and council elected by the citizers Tuesday took formal possession of the affairs of the city Friday the colony conipany surrendered its jurisdiction and became a business corporation, and, of course, the largest property owner in the city and that section of the country. During the year the company spent upwart's of $250,000 in public improvements, graded and stumped twelve miles of streets, erected, equipped and maintained two public schools, and during,this period employed as high as 1,500 people in various pursuits at one time. The main streets are 125feet wide with parks in the center. A hotel, as yet unnamed, is receiving the finishing touches, that will represent an investment of nearly $100,000 when furnished, pushes 'its dome up in the sky above all surrounding buildings. It is 246 feet on Central avenue and 160 and 125 feet respectively on Lee and Johnson streets. Half a block away is the big temporary structure known as the cotton and corn palace, in which an exposition, showing all the products of this section, was held before the town was six months old. In the block adjoining is the big building put up by P. H. Fitzgerald, founder and president of the colony company.

When buildig began last December home builders waited at the saw mill and grabbed the lumber piece by piece as 't came from the saw. As fast as the trees were felled In the wood9 they were dragged to the mill and cut. It was no uncommon thing to see a house standing one day where a thick growth of pines stood the day.before. .p

In additioiTa large portion of the farm lands have been cleared and homes built and fruit trees and crops planted. Sixteen saw mills, five planing mills, two shingle mills, a molding factory, feedmills and a sash and blind factory are kept busy from sunrise to dark. Two railroads, the Georgia & Alabama and the Tifton & Northeastern have extended their lines to the city, and the Plant system has one surveyed from Waycross. More than that, the Ocmulgee river, navigable from Savannah to Macon, is but six miles distant, and a road to the landing at Hawkinsville has been partially graded. This road, the Fitsgerald, Pln« Bloom & Valdosta, will also cohnect with the Brunswick & Western and when extended to Valdosta will connect with the Georgia Southern & Florida. Thus Fitzgerald has river transportation to the ocean, and its railroads give It direct service to the north, cast, south andl west. Two^baalui -j

care for the financial Interest of the plact and two newspapers, the Leader and tht Enterprise, are factors in the land of sunshine. A third is to be Issued next week. The publishers of the Leader, B. F. ft J. G. Knapp, are planning to issue a daily evening paper. So much in brief, for th£ beginning of Fitzgerald and its career as an infant.

The future prosperity of the city is not doubted. It is already solid. Its people have now as a financial basis an income of $25,000 per month in pensions and as the population of veterans Increases so w411 this steady flow of money become larger. Moreover, the element that selected acre tracts will have a source of Income from the sale of fru&s and garden truck. Northern capital is looking in this direction, and already the preliminary negotiations that will locate a cotton mill here that will employ 1,100 persons has been completed. An ice company wil have its plant under construction in January, and several other industrial and commercial enterprises are 1n negotiation with the colony company. Among these is a canning and evaporating establishment. When the next cotton crop Is harvested Fitzgerald will be the market fof a wide range of territory, and will alse handle for the northern market a quantity of fruit.

The farmers from the north claim they have taught the natives some new tricks. They say that by plowing deeper they get better results that ther have discovered that wh*at and rye will thrive in this soli equal to that of the north, and that any of the grains and vegeables^that have-been neglected here will become acclimated and thrive. Some of the crackers are loth to depart from the methods of their fathers, and sty they will con mue to grow cotton, rice and peanuts, but others profiting by the experiments of the new comers, have made contracts for fruit trees and are clearing out timber rom their lands to get more planting room.

It is already apparent that the enterprisa displayed by the Northmen Is having its effect—a beneficial efTect upon the people ol the South. The latter are first amazed at what has been done, but they are quick to imbibe this new spirit of thrift and push, and the effect will spread and grow.

The city government is losing no time ia the progress of public imporvements. It has outlined plans for a sewerage and water system upon which work will be commenced early in the year. An inexhaustible supply of water has been found at the depth of 3,068 feet. Four wells have been drilled. One of these encountered a remarkable flow water through what seoms to be a subterranean chamber. It has a current, evli denced by the fact that when the sand pumj was withdrawn from the hole it brought UB only clear water. If no current existed the water brought up would have been permeated with earth and sand.

The city stands upon a ridge 400 feel above the sea drainage, therefore, will offer no obstacle to good sanitary conditions. The expense of street paving will not bi necessary for a few years because of th« character of the soil, which absorbs moist* ure almost the instant it is precipitated. The surface is closely packed sand, and is never muddy. It ts probable that an issua of bonds will be neceseary to provide funds for immediate improvements and to reimburse the colony company for money sp°nt in this manner, but a tax levy will soon

by stockholders for residence and business purposes. Shares were placed at $10 each, maderanTthe"money will"commence^ and when the stock books were closed a few

weeks ago, 13,462 shares had been sold,

flow into the clty

quirer. The multiplicity of so-called med-

unsold lots worth more than this sum. Lots ical colleges in various parts of the country in the central business district that cost became at one time such an evil that stringoriginally $3.50 per acre are now held by the company at prices from $50 to $5,000, and

cnt laws were passed regulating their establishment and the growth of normal schools in some parts of the west has been equally alarming in the minds of educators,

In these days of restlessness and ambition many of the sons and daughters of farmers I have become dissatisfied with their lot, and {have been readily attracted by plausible stories sent out by the founders of "normal" colleges, and the alluring promises they make as to the future of their pupils. Tho makers of these promises declare that they can turn out)' finished instructors in six or twelve months, just as tbe heads of "medical" colleges would inflict a full-fledged "physician" on the community after a single term. It is said in many states there are today several thousand so-called "teachers" who are unable to secure positions, and that for every vacancy that occurs there are from fifty to a hundred applications.

It is just as important to the body polltio that there should be a high and broad scholarship demanded of teachers as of physicians. When students of pedagogy or medicine have shown that they have not only natural aptitude for the life work to which they propose to devote themselves, but that they have acquired knowledge and culture, then they are deserving of diplomas, and neither the physical nor intellectual health of those whom they intend .o look after will be likely to suffer. A great responsibility attaches itself to a teacher who seeks to prepare men and women to vocations, the fe right exercise of which may m&kee or mar the life of communities. -a1*,*

Calendar! and Conpona.

So many beautiful calendars and enters, taining novelties have been issued by tha proprietors of Hood's Sarsaparilla, that we are hardly surprised to receive this season not only one of the very prettiest designs in calendars, but with It coupons which entitle the recipient to attractive novelties. Every one who gets a Hood's Sarsaparilla calendar for 1897 secures something that will prove interesting and valuable as well as a beautiful specimen of the lithographer's art. The calendar Is accompanied this season by an amusing little book on "The Weather." Ask your druggist for Hoods Coupon Calendar, or send 6 cents in stamps for one to C. I. Hood & Co., Lowell, Mass.

The Express is the only Sunday j»per in Terre Haute. 15 cents a week. ,s

Better call in at Tune Bros. and get one of those $6, $7, $8 or $9 all wool Suits for $£. Better do it.

s-Wm

treasury. It is the inten-

Uon to ingtaU a mimicipal

lighting plant ai

the same time that the machinery of tha water works is set up. Churches of several denominations have been erected, and the local Grand Army po?t has just built and next week will dedicate a large building, in which are storerooms, halls and an opera house.

Out of the success of this venture, or through its influence, rather, has come a similar project that may go far toward settling the negro question. F. M. Boyer, a professor in the school for negroes at Albany, W. C. Green of that town, and G. A Hutts of Bainbridge have organized a colonly near Pidlock, Ga., on the line of th« Georgia Northern railroad. They purchase] 2,000 acres, with an option of several thousand more, and some 250 families have settled there. The colony is said to promkc success. Many leading white people of th« state are watching ite progress.

THAT NORMAL REPORT.

A Philadelphia Paper Diacnases President Paraon's Report. In the anual report of the president of th« Indiana State Normal school the assertion is made that the state is suffering from a surplus of teachers. This statement leads some of the Chicago newspapers to say that the suffering from this condition of things is not confined to Indiana and that in many states of the west there is an overproduction of teachers says the Philadelphia In- Vf

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fig.