Standard, Volume 4, Number 41, Madison, Jefferson County, 30 July 1835 — Page 2

TIIK STANDAU1)

MR. BARNES' TRIAL.

Two weeks ago, we gave the charges preferred by Dr. Junkin against Mr. Barnes. The trial commenced on the 30th June. The forenoon of the first day was spent in talking about informalities, the indictment, and settling preliminaries. The Presbyterian says:--In the Afternoon, Mr. Duffield presented a motion which was adopted, the purport of which was that inasmuch as Dr. Junkin has acknowledged, that the errors alleged in the indictment, amount ... his view, to hersey, that the trial now proceed. The prosecutor then commenced with the first charge, first verifying it by extracts from the notes in Romans, and then demonstrating that the sentiment taught was in conflict with the Scripture, and the formularies of the Church. This was done satisfactorily, and in the best possible temper. According to the arrangement, Mr. Barnes was called upon for his reply to the first charge. He stated that he had written his defense and would read it. Before he entered upon the particular charge, he requested attention to some preliminary remakrs. In reading these remarks, he occupied nearly two hours. As this dissertation was probably written with a design to publication, we will not pretend to report it, but the accused gave an account of his design in writing his com-ments--they were intended to supply a desideratum in the Scriptural instruction of the young--he had given them to the public as the result of much deliberation and prayer--that he had written them without regard to any existing theological system--that he had no confessions of faith lying beside him, and had not inquired how his comments squared with any adopted system of faith --that he had inquired for the mind of the Spirit, and had paid no particular reverence ot the opinions of men. He claimed entire independence of thought and inquiry, as being essential in a commentator. As to creeds, he was not opposed to their principle--he admired the creed of the Presbyterian Church, as containing a system which was to be preferred to any other system, such as the Arminian, Pelagian or Socinian, but he did not adopt it in all its details--there was too much harshness in some parts of it--it should be remembered, that it was written 200 years ago, and under circumstances which did not now exist; in the interpretation of it, he did not admit the authority of the traditions of the elders, nor the philosophy of its framers--he interpreted it for himself--he would not pretend to say at that time, what constituted an essential departure from its system; but he said that they mistook the nature of mind and the spirit of the times, who attempted to secure uniformity of sentiment, by subscription to creeds. He said the question now to be decided was whether certain views in theology were any longer to be tolerated in the Presbyterian Church; they had long been held--he had held them at the time of his licensure, and now he was arraigned for them. He was not likely to be converted by severity--his book had been harshly reviewed by the Biblical Repertory, and now a blow was aimed at his ministerial reputation and usefulness, by a public impeachment. The drift of these extended remarks was evidently designed for effect, to prove that he had been an injured and persecuted man, merely for exercising the right of opinion. But when it is recollected that there was no design to prosecute Mr. B., but merely to try him on the ground of his alleged departure from the formularies of his Church, which he solemnly swore to maintain; the mist with which he attempted to envelope the whole question is at once dissipated and the fairness of the transaction becomes at once manifest. When Mr. B. came to his reply to the first charge, he neither affirmed nor denied that he held the doctrine, that all sin consists in voluntary action, but ingeniously attempted to show, that the doctrine could not be deduced from the passages cited. A simple denial of the doctrine would have satisfied the prosecutor, as he publicly declared; and in our judgment, the withholding of this, was of itself a sufficient proof of the charge. On Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, the se-

ire ol t ae aoetri ae. fiat a a saa en i.'s5 ; n m1 .P'a-isivnftP,.)!

cond to the eighth charges were treated in the same order, and on Monday morning, the ninth and tenth charges were disposed of by the parties. The cause was then submitted to the court. In reviewing the manner in which the prosecution was conducted, we are constrained to express our approbation of the Christian courtesy and unruffled temper displayed by Dr. Junkin. We believe this praise will be accorded to him by all parties. We pretend not to follow him in his argument which was so well sustained by the Holy Scriptures and formularies of the church, and occupied so many hours; but we hope he may be induced to prepare his notes for publication. On the part of the defendant the case was conducted with ingenuity and ability. The accused substantially admitted several of the most serious charges, and his argument was directed to the vindication of his peculiar views; and yet at the same time there was an evident attempt to prove that between himself and his accuser, there existed but a slight, and scarcely more than a verbal difference of sentiment. There was a want of consistency as we supposed in this respect which detracted from the merit of his defense. We objected also to the frequent and unmerited charge of want of perspicuity urged against his accuser, which seemed to be designed to prejudice him in the view of the audience. The larger proportion of Mr. Barnes' defense was clearly intended for the spectators rather than the court; as it is, however, we sincerely hope it will be published. This can easily be done, as the greater part of it was written, and we much mistake if in the view of intelligent theological readers, it does not confirm rather than rebut the charges. th-3 part oi t a- . iit tae cas waa iaae; ulty aad a' dlty 'i a-i m y aaa; rtea - --. of his pi.-uiiar vi h. r- was a 'i c a tv.-prti hl.a.s if aa a sh Ea . aa 1 se a -r t a -s we sa-p t: I fro a t he a. t; 1 :.E-i to la- i'.a waat of p rs; Ira which r-a a.-- i ta th'- . of ;', - aa i.or " Ctt eat j i w a : cen.-n- i which de- j . e o 3.1... . i . ..t . e a . s :-.a-a-er. : a e a , . : i a ipoiaioa j t y ia'vn;(-d fa' t a c r r i- . v. can e;-i ; : an Ta-.-i: w how- : c P r ,p, Tms i -op r p aa o; i a- if ia the v.--s w of 1 3n--...-eiit I -.eo.oai'-al rerattier than re! at the ' At'mr the rati -o y-m i to'.; was c had, M r. E.at ion :htt ao error 1. I i ( o. .1. IV. Elv re i - - s not coai.rm j am ,o t ,0 court tae i e tie u as am opin- j iuVi-.i a a aii s- ,he ;u- I ' 'v ... i h v he 1 f 1 - t le-oe i ; v Pa e. o .. . , u.i. j ti ! c'ii, ii t , i '' ,:c..irvu tae ae :ap!. ;l oi the accused; ! 'p ' ; v.:,iP'; ins p.-f u'iir spee.-.!i.-., i :' ;:'--c;--' '- Mr. ilara.-".- aews :o the i'.j.are J uniriue j w- co r.-ra. o j p. v. -i-ssrs. Sc-.rt, Ja.Eoa aa i a.e-- r.a a - e r O awe . ' -.- - it P , 1 1- , ' ' .'.....! , ' ...... i.-.. w i.i.uiu i The E- e. ;.;:-. 7-. aiiua-.r-i.t in b it ae .(' .: d :: arly th; . ftcfried 1 y its per: He reviewed the : : r :maa taaa coaaner.ccd an of ,l.e prosecutk;,!. wiiich ' a'.ars; .'..mi u loch was charpieaay aad conclusiveness. toi prosecution, inalnr.-.ined lae doctrines of the hurt.'i, and expo-ed the fdlacy and danatrous tendency of ,be me.it rn fdiciuc of divinity. He concluded by dee'ai-imr to -t the book of Mr. Farlies was oae which h ccoihi no; countenance, opI o'- ;'s it iva in wm le: -Eap views ahke to tiie iad the Ce.; p . ami of E Tiie ! coarse par-ae:,py aEa Poardaait:, v.a.s wo.thy of j P;"'; iS-an'Vn UF'" """' 1:1 j r.nu we saoud be math po a-"d to Civ a Hin jeaori oi The Dev. Mr. Earber :l arc.-, i;,,. l-r.'tE '"ojt i gni . pal .-as rom- araut,., a, h, f ,ye,- of the pro-emit oa. lies!,.;,, th.u be h i i !,.!,-y -,,ni-into the Ihe-'bytenan chinch, and w: com p , to -xpiess I,,-- Mirpiise and ie-r.a, th.,t 1U the 'imf eachnfi.t oi Plr. Karnts, the Ema ssion of Faith it Wf'ii the 1-0. 'e was i r:t. educed to supoort , L ..... - rz : a t " I'l'i.eiH. I.o- W,:S spa - t.n' ' "1)1 , i:l , i" 1 oi !-. pa ai uouir, t il t jtith into a wro:i2 lac. !

! not like to be tried on the ground of tho Cotifes-

on of Faith. Mr. Fames might be proved to be I against the Confession and vc-t not against the Li- ! b,p The j iUCt aS jie cou;:i prove va3 t1P only I prove, was trie on;v ' - infallible rule of faith and practice, and mutt thtre- . lore v-e. me oiny sianuaru in iriais ior errors in j coetrine, ana mere was no possible authority ior proceeding asainst a minister of the Gospel for go-; i'mi asainst the standards. lie was glad to hear! anr. i.arrtf-5 occ are t nat wnen tie wrote ins commentarv 1h. had no Confession or Catechisms Iv- i in-r tes'ue him, and that he had not inquired whether his views squared with any svstem. For i ms own port he had received tae Confession as ' a . i i . i i a a. v-rfi ami I ,ut i :i nil i .s. j i ,1 1 is, A no i 1 stone cut a coo.l cati.otic couta oeaeve ail fiat tae : church b-aieved. INow it he should denart !rom ; this Confession he should not be charged witli j hereby, but merely with hypocrisy, as Dr. Wilson j haa caarjed Er. Eeecher. J or h:s part lie believea. that tae Loniessioa tatiirnt taat ah sin was vol untary, ior v.Piattase coutd it oe, wlien it w trai.s. - rcs. - ion of tlie law? lie believed, pd that i men could do all that Ged remit rod, ana he was ' .lad t'r it he did not hold the oppo-ite doctrine to ; ar.dvze hi.n when nreachinj to sinr.o.-s. T:'"Ir ' i'arnf views were nrraiast the Confession, what of that! The professe s in Princeton had jostled : cut of the Confession the old view of Imputation ' a.mrutin aaetaer view ot Their own, and -dr. ' J.arnts had just as aood a rirht to chanpe the doe- j triors as i!a y had. IE- behoved that Mr. Exraes i had taught views on t'te snbieets of En oui.-o ,n , a puta; ioa aid the Co v en: v.aacii were cor.trary to the Coaft ssioa of Faith, but denied that tl ney were i contrary to the Fi . This was the c-etn i o; the remarks oi one who professed to a;

adopted the standards of our Church; and the i dered the testimony submitted jn t!, cae, judpe law, lie It .s explained bi:eseli to nie,,n, that Rewhole Ppeech miht be consi.lered as otto of the ' 1"'V. A ; oert Eanies, not to he pui ay of to. tea-; lao: so, E -sp air, Con uption, aad other thinsrs, best possible arguments for the necessity of the 1 or ho! oiaa; any heresy or erroneous doctrine, uhleh h supposed t i be ha; deal ia i!!1? ideaot ri,:ht of examination maintained Iv the iat As- i cor.irary to tho word of God and our Standards. ; spaiiuaEEea h, as well as taeraal sa ilei i ape, a 1 o!

semP'y. I Rev. N . S. Smith, said he was afraid to say much : o,i lias cucstion. lest he should utter something; i heret cah lie rejeiced that h had been arcs-art a ; nt;: i.en if lived in the state of New : Yoik. he had heard theory of la-ia-si d had I beard a ppreat deal a.rainst heretics; ami lie had a : g'cat curiosity to see a heretic, that he mirht know what lie was like. iien he heard then 1

that t'lere was to be a heretic tried, he was -lad of, -Edam was acquainted with his existing moral re- . that justiiication is siaady pardon ho hast.iuEa: aii'- snuiftrs, who pay for the luxury of i.atbe opportunity he had com'- he hid hoard the j 1' ion, but ir-i- taught that there is no reason from : the very reverse, mains aaaap that Go rerartls i duliiiic; an unnatural appeiite, the enor...u.;5 t-x

trial ae bao seen tne heretic; and if oir. Fames : is a heretic, he must say i;e loved the heretic: : d ii' his bonk was hereiicul, he then loved here- ; . If Mr. Farne? was to be condemned as a here- : '", a majority ol the ministers of the Presbyterian ! Church mast I.e condemned likewise. He agreed ' 1 linthevi-ws expressed lor Er. Elv he liked the, . i course pursued by that venerable Fulhcr For Ids I fhen lie , part , ae iiritai chances in soaie thinp.-. V was a Pov, tie stuau-n Daworth, he was tan cht to siy uz.ird ami ovip'ci-.a ao, but he was wiihn to -1 adopt the imjiroveoieiiis oi the present day. and : pro a ounce tlnnss diiierentiv. After all, it" was a ' more dispute a' oai words, aad if there was heresy. I thev were tae area'eo: arrenes that cried out here- 1 sy the lou.Est. He was jbr j.eace, and all we !

i waatea was a rev: vat spent, to put an end to coaaiarks wv; evl- i troversy. He believed there was more smoke

la ta i unoer tae civ ot n. rev 11 ad run th.-on r', : , !Ne -eaaEauu, crosseJ Aevv ork. entered Penns-, Ivaaia, and it o;;!- had a little strip of land to pass ovr soutawatd, and then it would no more U- tie.ir.I oi. 1 Ie was fir the acquittal of Mr E. .V.-. BufT.eld sa:! he had bat a tew 1 e mirks the first cairae was not proved no evidence ha 1 been adduced Dr. fJunkio had merely inferred the audi of Mr. Fames. Mo matter what Mr. E. held, it was not proved. Ho himself hid never been te i: i to aet a aeaait:o;i of corruption which p'i'. ,'i i 1110 1 ..it t-A,-ici.-t:J, lit Iiaa no-tntn-ti say of tae - 1. ciiar-e as the Confession of l--tit.i sail nct'iin- about it. The 3d. char a- !10 P.of-s-d tiot to ua-ler-ta ad knew no one that hal.lt'iatmtn c-.v.l.l do a d tliiaas without the mim e nces of the Spirit. Mr. Duaaeld entered lato tho a -0:1'. -ii-taa aiiao on the subject of ability, bv n !VM:!pc' the moiem views oi t.us ai pp ct. He said he would ofer no rem i:a- on tae otner ciarresao ue.ievcd air Eirnes ws not jrpiiitv of heresy Oa Tiles J.tv m-j.-iiinir, at the cornm-o me nt oi . 1 t pi session, Mr. Earb-r, who-o stranae saeech w .1 ave la poriea aoove, ana wlm O ... , 1 v identlv exc -ed aiuc.i a! arm anion n Is in the Er. The drift of h terv 1 leave to ex a! 1: a. ex a - aoas we did not ex ictly understand, but he evatlv wished to Esse a the ohensiveness of bis ctoEoa: remail he Mo ierator, Rev. John E.Gi rant, sam he wa 1 a i.t lie e A p . a a i. .O O s , ;iS tOCy ITai'Verl mnai 11 a measure, iie c,,i not arce wiili Mr. ii irh- r's remarks y-sterdav. nor did he entirely coi'lcme w.tii h.s explanation, ami he hooed that th,- opinions of one member would not lie coasidt red as expressive of the character of the whole l-'resbyp i-y. x.i-'u-s ciitia'i'.i, an. i.sq. a ic ii-iii"' Elder. rose j n order, and al a- soaie pr rehnu.iary remarks, w aaa, were juuicious, ha came io the coasideraon o: e ' caaines. a no iirsi ciuirae i,f iim not consider as prove. The first cha because although Mr. Fames had expressly sa at a:s ao taat a s. taat a i s.n was vditprai v yet he had x: i tinea ui.nse.i as mean i n a, taat taere was no . i i.i.i .i - i ev; -i-a.v i, y. ;iou i;t iaous-tlt tins exti it ion ouE.t io be received. The second char-re. involved a mere speculation, and alt!ioua;h he did not aaree with .Mr. Fames, yet fie did not consider mm ns Vio.atitu: in tais view, any part of our stan. aires. Ua thti third and fourth charges he did not behove that Mr. Fames held the views attributed to hen. but he remained that on tiie followin: charges he believed that air. Fames hat! viol t ie coas;nut,i:i, aab.ou.Ei he supposed ho held the ioc.riues suosiantia.lv, winch it was s; sail he ileitiod On the ftibiect of Depravity, Mr. Fradford ro . . . i. . i e . i . i . i i - i . . m ti r,tt.i, iiHi m iirimy ntme vea itie aocl ri tie 1 n t be i aide aad Confession of Faith, and considered the denial of this doctrine, or any languase tendinj to the denial of it, as a fundamental error. Tiiere appeared to be great obscurity in Mr. Fames' views of the state into which tho fall Lroa;r!it man i ; I '.. it. ... , Kiiio. ifi litr. i.arnes protessnit to tteiieve in the aoctnne oi total depravity, although lie had an awiiward way of exmessintr his belief, lie .E.I not think that Mr. Fames denied the doctrine of Justiiication to the foil extent of the Confession of Faith, yet his lane;uae cannot bo reconciled to that of the standards on this subject. Fie v. Mr. llaiht, said he was no controversialist, ami de.-ired that every minisier of the Gospel, Maaht be permitted to preach the Gospel in peace. Tiie present mode of seminar, disputed points, he -tronuay objected to, and it should sink deep into our hearts, that the people are tired ol' those dis- ! ru:-s;ons lie was a peace-maicer, and io him, tho thilVrence between Mr. Fames, and Dr, Junkhl ap.pr-are.1 to be a mere di!!Eronce of word, "(hid io, bid. said Mr. Haibt. that I should decide apai'ist a man of so much la'chl as Mr. Fames, and appiiast the Pastor of such a dignified and respectable rcirfgafioi:!:"' Fey. J. Smith, Faid he stood for the defence of the accused!; he did not believe that Mr. Fames deni.-d ori anal sin, and Dr. Junkin had made an ii a tl ,i 1 ti ne releclion of pviilenrf If Air ltrn.u ; - l. u aa, ...,:. i.l,J a inn .i, ii.i.Hii,- in- um nut WIUU Ulli noip? to S 'UriI" v it'1 thp onfecsion of Faith, then Mr. I ri,M i a hercaic.

The question was then taken. Tho following

voted thit Mr. Earr.es was not guilty on any of the counts, viz: Pa'terson. Elv, Scott, j. Smith, Earcr. unties. .r. amttti, i.'Uiuoiu ana iimca:, .m ;- islert, and Messrs. White, Ilinckio, Darrach, Hull, i'iuuw, ana jutiin, enters, i ne iouoy ih vui tnai i.o was gnaty tn wiinis or :n part, viz: iiev. Henry S. Foardman, and Thomas Erauford, and John Stii'.e, Esa. Elders. ine uev. Air. tattersoii je.t extreme v anxious that t'ae Fresh vterv should be uaaaimoud and ac!coriing:y moved that a committee ha appointea to ; briair in a minute that would satisfv all. lie wish- I pu t.us course to :.-c pursued, because ho !;d not j a - i :n rt i v i .rtt K(r.';r.r;j iv i .1 f ( t 1. 1 v ; '" w mey wear into tiartiCUi.ir.--; t.e-'iaes to eater tn:r aettias wo ;-i lauirc t tiT..i caa: actor ot .vl D: i -Ur. J arrtrs. Jaiy a. a n ot airoe ted a p-:por w Pich wit'i Mr. Fattet . an 1 ' pre s lie WlsPep to ii'- a '.Opto I aa ot'fo- Eifaaaerv. s ex p: 'e.-s: y e a toe ooip. It v. :, ;h-a IE -o-v-,l c DtuE; 'aaa Id, r.a-a:a::, EE and M-s.s S;h . ' i : ;i a aa.t p.,t!.-ovna.

e, a. a l;'r.l ;:;oi E irracli, i a Patted ea a poison for thi- (aho.e or oiTv .-.. o prepaid arid report a i 8. Fee i i- the IVooaaror a; 1 n.e attearrt to : show in uiatt t!;e rot cr j-entilty of tho law caa-co'aot'tp-o rop'Ofe ', and s,s:ed. tier vhet:a' sooaaav! a:d ea rno: .leath ceillcv. PEa i ' i irh ,.i ia , sttiut" 1 a p::.-t :" it, i.or wh. titer t'p" a-aaros ot'

i-dors, be tu.t.t'Jc m: a c pii iiitteo uaa r ta a-ai i r paOa EE ! t' - 'ir rep.-. W;rS a lopped. ) . 'h a 1 i'otoi an 1 Still i.'i as fp'owra it; -- 1 t , paio., I Pre?- - ?Vi-'V! ot t o s.:. ':- the- c -s c.f il ia ! iYesPvtop l-vtcry Jaiv 10. A. 1 i he Freshs'p-.-rv havinjj heaid tier pro.' creat ieatrta, ia support o; a;s ca.irp'-s, and ta-r ac-; t u.-eu . a oaaviic" ot iii.ipiat. si'.t ao v i a a a m v can-et-caase it nas not been proved, thta Mr. artu-s uas tau'at t.iot a:! sin consists in voluntary aci:o:i - He has taaali", in the passages cited, that ,II0U 'lre net canpeiied by any physical necessity, or '"tl' necessity oi nature, but a : -Earned tarree i-'iy to trie Confession of Faith, ch: IX. sec. r 1 ion '"at ta.ey are vootntary a-enis in the cotnnii o! s'n-i-eo,use .1 ' io-s.uc !li-;torv oi t ie creation and 01 tiie life 01 -T-am. to bo neve, ei.lter that lie possessed ah the scientific knowledge attribap'd to him by the . Rabbins, or that he was as woit acquainted with 1 1,10 eoase.piences oi bin be lore, as lie was alter tin '-P1 - '-pcause 1 ae pasaies cite.i poai oir. i,ariies . '-''tos on too iio ti.ias. teaca no; hi a a oao way or , i:ie otner on the saiyact of maa"s abi.ity or iaai.il- ''' ' - '"' T'ltu " c. teiu e Wiianrv..-, .inect or . nnp.ie.i, i.iai no 11111 anaaa-a or t.ai..a; taat tae "nre'Mierate i.iiii caa convert hiaia-P' pi (iod. ''1,'0,'J tiapht, in accordance with the labio aad Standard, that the siniu racts m :-t volu u'amy waea n-- turns to do.i, to t ii;1 is 1 e j;o aera- . ! las i ara 1 a a is u' ''-v p''''1 oi' J'V'' aii'' 1 his own act. i,ut .v iias no; a aioat, taat, m si turaiarr, he is acted 0:1 and edict -..tlv determined !' vo 1, tae o,.ir.i; ,ae coatrra v i has tauahi. a ex act accord ,t ace with car otand.tr-! and the 1 ibio, tatilu that saviap; fata is ia eary casta an influential act of the mule:, in uenyin.-? taat it is a

naou. in iean,,r: tn:n 11 is a ..'e.co-ir, fie coos to intact any censure oa iiaa. aad the ErosPvt-rrv hat the ebaa-aits hi." mentioned are f.vi 1 :.- di'"not mean that a Clir.saan is not a m in of pritici- Would express the hope that the result of aii wiil herent pr.mortions. A kaowh.-tl"" ol'the ch. ad'ca-l pie, nor n.s re.igion ta.it ol pi im apaa nor liiat the be to promote the j.-mm of the Church, and far- ! coastitmioU of lohacco a .Turds tnerefore no a--i-

miiid ol toe sinner, who acciePits tae testimony of (iod, is brotpiht into a state in wnich it rea-lily p'.-r-ceives tae iorce 01 evi.ience turnistiou in that tes- ! ttmony, aaa .ninniay .,e sai.i to oe a Paa.t oi mind; 1 : a' . 1 ,0 .- n., i .1 1 ; ia 1 ou e- ; j VWm ol toe act.nas o, tae mm., no, any creaI ted or coaceivao.e e.-sence oi the sou!, back of the act of beho vi aa. This exerci-.e of mi ad and heart, j Aaosile says was imputed to Abrah im lor ; 1 ' ha-oua:esa .dr. i,arn s ha n.krmed thes.ime, j u"-" "g- ' so doir.r. that bail, is aa; regarded as a just.lv ..u n-ijeousness. 1U has, o;i ;0 t-0l; i """T 'phcitiy aairmed. loot tae raai-naaioss of L ia as: is tbe o ictiuou 01 tne smPer before Cod. Sicca use, wane Mr. Earr.es a 11 r. i'errrd: iiot to use certain thetdo :ica! t. t haica h: ie - sach as ( v-o etsaai oi v ouvs, reueiat weausaip, Krarr ;.ai- . t1' . 111 1 ;- t. coma, ivo aaa 101 iaiso.,s u mca ao a is assiam-a, C . . I 1 ... ' 1 he has not iieaa-ii the facts ia the ea.aa ,1- art i known to oar faith i , a, ic e I Sciiptares. Tat i f -l;!l"ss;on ol lauti speaks 01 lae Coveana; o Iii'. 1 .. .. e ... .... , - , - . 1 v o r i s , as a commauume.u, or n. 1 a w o. t.u i a : 1 en to nun, oi 0 .0 Ponce to w:.:c!i, abstinence ;'. 101 ! the fruit of the tree of knowh-di-e, was t'ae te.-t ! ! i)'A e niep.ee f pendent oi' a It ooes not nuaao; a t iaa iodesa:s, to the eoaeta.ea: of' '-i'1 moral iaw, Go 1 entered into a special compact : vadi man, about his obedience, hat that i le wa 1 pE-asi d to promt-m eternal hie, no: only hiais,-' j j,ut f,,.- pi posterity, on conditio 1 ot' Adam's Ee ! 'iience 10 inai ur.v, 10 oe piov.-i nv n;s o.tservanc j 01 tae proa:bitioa boa: tae irii't ot the tree o; k: wa ae 'J"o Idas strata tae great, prime, c,eao' at a r v ri a: is, ie .i.i.i tn u.i,i , ,,.4 tan i .u o, .i- i a moi a; ao voriio;. lipna strict principles oi' onunereial iaw. Mr iairaes has objected, as hemp; inconsistent with the elizmty of the D.viae Eoinp;, and t ho na - I ture ot moral reiueoas. .va-oroin j; to t b ,; st .-;ct 1 meaoi a cuifiiam ne cooc. i v es ion aie parties I previous'y to its beina m a--;y io le- ! ciine tire agreement, and because our ii rst parents I were not at such liberty to object against or ,ie- ; chne tuat cO'ist;t,:t;o:i when Irolord; a v nil , j them as the Head an 1 representative of our race, he thinks that the Conlession of Faith, by usia.r

the woriis law and coma, antime.it as synonymous I that this is all nonsense, because man is a reasoaawith covenant, did not mean to teach, that the ! hie O'diur. And what of that? Are no: bea -ts rea-

uauta is compter- nmw ecu u,e morai law, as or iirinaiiv criveti bv God io oar first parents and covenant in the strict meaning of the word, but has left it optioaa', whether to explain it by the oae phras" or by the other. Mr. Fames, has pre-h-rred explaining it as a law or comniandiueni; but has not denied that our first parents were tried l , t ! I" . .1. .. . . , , un i.iems' i es ami ioi me i ace. see oaao .- a lie has denied that in the strict leaa! sense of the term, Adam was the representative of the race, because he conceives the idea of consent or appointment bv those represented, a tdways imolje,! in such representations. Yet has he not denied, that in a more vaaue and ironera! se use, our first parents were the representatives of their race; but he bas. objected to attempts to explain tae nature and character of the Divine transactions with Adam, which are not made in the Fible or the Confession of Faith 1 ut found only in human treaties on systematic Theoloay, as mere philosophical theories, supested by the forms ami usages of commercial law anion r men, ior the purpose of explaining those facts h tint moral government of

dod, which Ciod lim isell lias lap u max p, a' nod. Io oi taste, it mi-ht be mile the subject of onions so doing. Mr. Fames has not denied, that such a ape cul.tiion by I he philosopher; but it presents itconnection was established by (hid bet ween A d-j self in a much more serious atiimde an attitude a,., ami his race, that, in consequence of' his sin, that demands the at I out ion of bo:!, the philosopher they are subjected to the same train of ills, as if j and moralist. I propose, therefore, makim: il the they had themselves personally been the trans- j subject of a few remarks this mornin r. And I gressors. i shall endeavor to prove that tiie imc ol" tobacco is C. Fecause while Mr. Fames hns denied that i an evil of no ordinary magnitude.

the sin of our first parents is reckoned or accounted in the sight, of (iod, as the crime of iloar de scendants, either by virtue of any al!eg-d porsonal identity between them, agt oebly to the views of I some old Calvinists, or by virtue of such a legal j connection between them, thai, on the principles j. of commereh! E-.w. that i-reckoned to th m, which

is not truiv and. properly theirs, and for which they are personally blame-worthy, and iil-aesi rvin, areoahlv to tiie views of so'ae ;.t the present day, he hi no: t tu-rht we have no a,.ve to do wall '. the sin of Adam, than with the sins of any other ' parents, nor that our relation to him :s not verv . peculiar, nor that the consequep.ced or result of - his sin deeply nd seriously ati'ect us. I 7. Eecause Tlr. Fames ha-s not denied that we '. .hi ii'er r;eiriv aa.l direful ills, in cotise pience of tiio 1 sia of Ad tliai these i'.'h t.re ce; taiti and uni-

v.rs:.i, L'fov. ia j: out o; tae connection oetwren . Adam and ii:s r ice. a a.l are appointed hy tJod, aa i we. -past i::.l h y :.; : , yen:,.;-, as an ex- ' -1 - . . -1 v- 1 1 ii.u . t a . . .j ' 1 v .v 1 - i ? evn nature art a t. ncv til iec;. . i:e onu o.vrt.i-u 10 i::e u.-em ;at; w auta .... i aai -i.t, accord Par to e-rPaa taeoi ;()!. a! 'icii .to oitis. watc.i I v in.', im; t v i ;r or perso: a a'i; ai crmittumt v, cof.htct waa : ao usu?i ::i watcts ey are u-..; ia coma. on ii;iriuo'. Liaat acr.i:'i4 to jj j.nriti s , j a'" i a i' o o oj t! -! ?s to :ii i-ecau-e o: prso:i..: Piaoo' wort a m ess t'i c:ao , aia t.uni 'attient. a n v p:a a cr s a Pet i ar ; .,,.; : ; oar a t.o-ea I : a p.ai ist f-nuiire.! la c P t'.e ;. ..a v a old Ear. Eaio mi d, a al ate r, T' aeo a- f-ir i s. coma-1 i a P : t or .'. ;a iioat:toi sa.iei ioa. .u a i.araespus aot aeaito

la-.t Cht i i i i he " vicarioa-sa b-t it a : e" of las p-o-tor at ' 'e, nor th..t lie has "pai cha-a-a r irdon," but has

explaativ atiiraird aud tiaht th so tlaaps. In ienyia:r tii.it i,!irisi oaa e a a a ae p 1 ot tae on ii? u a.. orstanus to be a rart o; ja.e r.ronr' en-thv of the Eve, were not inhicPd oa Chiist, a a nor to . eav t ait a is su orio an. , e mt ... t fee sa as; aa P -o as a s. raoCi ositisl'y Iliviae justice,! a.. 1 lahv ea aiva. eat wata t ae ia n.otv denounced h :ainst i traiis-ies.-ion. j Oi'n. E-c la-e "Jr. Fames, has tau pat nothina in 1 rcaard to the active obedience ol'Ch'rEt. as distia- ! oai h.ivin-'tau"'ht. an 1 trea's the s;a -or who b-liove.- ia Phrist. as he were r; O'ls, a id t'rit sohdv o;i proau i of the merit.- ot' C'trist, irre :p -ern e of aay dee is or desert of the shiner whatever. ;Ot). 10. because t ie evi bonce sab eiated oa the tnr! of the prosecution, in respect of the charaes of errotuwiis doctrine, was taat 01 inPaenco- drawn frooi Mr. i lames" hi a ana pp w h ie h i a t la- ;a I aa ae a " of the Iheshy tery were no: Eaaaar.;., lot ev-a if; thev were aipbt not ami (aiaaot, ap . . v to tam eisioa o. lar bt'r.t-pil a.sptaabp. o: 1 1 usea Pi caavaet ot ae.a sy or daaa'aeas error, ad". ai: the tdaa.baion .f a sin nor as hope, or the, hristi 1:1 tith- to , !t raid life. i he Presbytery th.-r.d'oro ju E:o, fa' t'm cbara h.ae ma been m iiatala.-d, and oa rat to be a; misled, aad do acu'iit Mr. bar a es of a a vi a tan : a las aara oa t i- E 1 a pis, ao y d aa or heresies, contrary to the woo! of Standard--. A ml th-'V mmeoa-r jud.e. th it the ; thai est i .a spi. it ta 1 0 i:' -st" I .hv the pras-eutoa e!a-i naa the progress uf'.ho trio!. rea-Eo-s a iai-xpedien; toiailict any censure oa liim. am! the Ihesiaat rv tiier the Go, or 1 of Christ. . Attest, Tit' EM AS EEST.vCa, o.a-tai e ier,vOt aa 1 resbvtery o v al. a ; Tpals yv, parnes v.-.is ac tutted, but certainly otto toe surprise ol aav 0; 1 . 1 1 ; 0.j t;,:it ,0:nt, votedthat !,V was ,,ot -E,.of the cha ;h hone h the v l--d a- aa-! T 1 ' '! ii ! plU i',e p'.dd t he do.armes'cEn i-'bv .-.'v'th'u", ; p,,v rlV( ,..:uir Im'w-'aep'-. 1 b! ..Py nnr U pp., .p.a , , , p.. x , ,;().;., ,-.. ,,;., mP,, ohba'' a ' d"'-'.--P 'v 1 . u.,, 0f a coal tab will be to aamy n'oiatehi -abb I s;yl,, n ;J u lVx ,,.,5,.,,;.,. ,p.., .,7, ,!, it waa io re a my u oiiiP' a aibb-: aipeby obscure; aad yt-t . a is e -v.,.; ..o. plain to saow ba it P.Ea IP is rather us: i Ii .-a i ,y ; be 1 res'-.y :er v a lbs peen'ia;- vi..wsa ana ar-pn t a 01 toe ciaiares. it w-.s praaer reta irka'd-' ia this whole transaction tii a Da Juahi 1 rather linn Mr. 1 arm -s set ao-d under tri e. We presume that when tor- d, clsloa is cam a a i - caed to Dr. jeakhi, who was un d--r the i cw-i-!y o, ie-iviaa the city bei'ore ;he final vote of the ih esbyt. : y, lie wali o no y up the ca j by appeal, to tiie S-y nod of Delaware. . ADI'EFSS, E). '.'c: a. ..' ' ' 'a-c t'u. E.'.-er -.,'. .-".So!; . 'a lla.-.occr CEEr-c. ' ", I 'ma.a, a c:;.'xas'' w as the moao of a liai.no); r; at; .1 'thou ;-h -y U- P iPp .1 - ioailv thoa:h laooaicailv ! . . e-Ue.-t. itil't!, s ,1 111C ..' a t I V s man's vanity, by p'aciaphim a; the ton of! a ol annua' d aaa,; . a yet how ; mo; t a i Or; to nis p:a to be coast :ea to ne I ivUovr . !pe the ira; nmai I'.-I.aioa trail the iinlora;- ; naio iiuaiiij o i aia a, w ao is aaa encu m ; ei ep, waa ! a fti'. Fat it is a mark of magnanimity to despise those 1 preni lices which tr-tmm-lthe m u h it aa e- -ed to Sol o w tnitu, iiowever mart itvp, to uas a, I wn.cn soe miv leia. neaee ;.,a o s a i " e j iriven up t ie p-opul-tr error that the son; is iam aj ta!, and have tratikiy ackiiowle.led that man is a ba-t; that the body is tl i ' soul and pie soul th ody; and tuat, after death, there wili be neither : bo iy nor eotil I a n perii-ct.y aware, that ptvjudt'rc may rmEv. i sonabie atones ,oa; v ao noes not know lhat cats a - ana no: and horses can remember and reflect and I reason! And who lias not heard j and dancing turkeys! Wherein then consist's man's pre-eminenct ! Surely not in his boasted reason; for it would not be dihicuit to prove that I he is tip' most unreasonable of all the animal crea- ! . - - 1 1 T. .1 . ...i i , i on. , '. e s , e on v a i m.a : mi , is ton na n ,-e,- , i n i ins; his powers to purposes subversive of ail order, as well as utterly inconsistent with his own lmeresis; ana ,ae oniy animal tnai lias voluntarily degraded his own species, and si mdered others, by the indulgence of no natural npaeti'r-s. Have you not heard of men being beastly drunk? What j a slander on the innocent heastsoi' the iie Id! They are always sober. Have you never heard lhat tho habit, of" chewing tobacco was a beastly habit! And yet, who ever heard of a quadruped that would tasie the nauseous plant? Eut to be serious, young gentlemen. There is something passing strange in the perversion of tastc manifested by multitudes, with reference to too plant called tobacco. Were it merely a mtUer My I rst argument aaainsi the use of lohacco is taken from the fact that it is a itsc'rss e.rtirusr. I need not stop hero to ostabliso the principle so i long ago inculcated by the pen of inspiration, that xrr arc not otr ohm;" and that we are consequent ly bound to use our time, our talents, and ! thanks of God's provi ,!e,rc with which ! tl the good

iau fa-

vot ed us, for the promotion of his glory. And this piincipio eeaijr, admitted, I have only to establish, the fact that the use of tobacco involves a u.selc. expense, in order to stamp upon it the reprobation of -vrry conscientious nun. The common opinion is thai tobacco in some of lorm- is u-elal tor a variety ot diseases. For head aches, weak ests, watery stomach, the prescrvation of the teeth, and a great many other tilings. Eui I tee! autiionzed by the testimony of the mot eminent medical men of the age, to say

'n; t:,;s n tut tass ie! u elusion. "i''n;, says an eminent tnedical writer, '"s lfc.juentiy useii lor tae renel ot heau aclies and a i-, 11 it r'i i a eves, hrias on tae very evls it was itlteli led to remove." "(.'hewing tobacco," says another, '-is nol i,ecess;a y nor ust ful in any case that I know of. and 1 have abundant evidence to satisfy mc that its u-e may he discontinued at any time without pernicious coasea uer. e s.'7 " 1 ae prnc. ce o: saiokniir. sa',s a tlurti. "is ex ceedingly cb i..aei ieo;s. If it were ever useful a a medicitu', the habit, by deadenmjr the nervous sensibility, must prevent any pood ellEct, and then it Ucoaics injurious only."' Now as to the expense. I have taken .:: ;cptun.-! to nscertatn waat tae annual ex;enseoi tins luxury is to those who indulge in it, and feci e;iaie.y vatt.in iii pounds oi tititn ana soaeriiess. whtoi 1 s.y it ia a a es between one dollar and tu elite. V hlle soaie of the most moderate consumers u sp.atf bo not xpend more than one dollar, rt i i i - annum, tot re are scores whose annual expenso ft' citrars exceeds twenty. According to the usa.a method of ealeuTilinir, we mia'u set down the averse expense at $10 per annual far eacli consumer of this article, but to avoid the very appearance of extravagance, I place it at five. As this sum annually pptvs oat in Ji-n, ii is m t noiicen, but what itoas it amount to in ten years' to t'"' round ?um ot" fifty dollars; and in tlftv vt ars 10 a-oo. .v uai tulacient to purchase a small anu. J,llt I,lK' anotoer view ot tins subject. I ae mIiatiitant.s o: tue state ol Indiana, amount to i.nw;lui- 01 400 ,000, of whom every eighth iudivid u'.i! at least, is an habiiun! consumer of tobacco. This ' !rlVL- u;i an army ol 60,000 tobacco chewtrs. siao- '. ' -t -P'.poij per annum. 1 es, ouns jrentieinea ! -t? U,Outi consumed by the smaie State ol" Indiana, j ;nt;ie grntilication ot an appetite never implanted j i.y the Ahniahty. aitd which is almost invariably i uuiea at mc expense o! decency. If time permitted, we od-bt it,,, ..p.., i tarn how main colleges, this sum would e-Pn-v how many ptdiVssors" it would so prion, and how many taleat- d and :e voted, ttioiuh indigent vcmna waaa tp: ality to po forth as tiie heralds of 1 i.e1 ci a -s. ' s'.ciaa argument is drawn from the fact, that th - i,ai,.toa, use of tobacco is absolutely injurious ta tae ia-ahh. In ora-.r to make this an pear it will be neccrssary to eat r soamwhat minutely into the subject. 'E!i vegetable substances consist, essentiahv. ot' ; 'hrt-e sanpE principles, oxygen, carbon, and byoar j droaea. Ti.e.-e compose tiie sweetest, as web as ie mo te i.l ,a , , the most sanitary as well as e most poisonous IXorcan Ch i mv !iii ace in ta-ir cotnao-ition. ec.-at it be j dat taace ia betermiaimr whetht-r ii be poisonous or nop Eo determine this point we mast mark its elfects. Aral I appe.d to those who have made 1 be t -x pei imt at , p,r the ti at h of the a-'sert loa , th a 'he i:-;e ot' tobacco ia tiie f;rr: instancy- 1 -itht-r bv ''hew iaa or s.aok'aa. pro.'.uci s nausi-a, :i.-ziia-ss, o.naiiar. aa 1 ad the symptoas of tl,.- mo.-; act ivtf i'O.soo. Pat we have t!;. most a crave proo: o; is poisonous character: '-jor a drop or two oft ie aaa op ol 1 00 icco. a me.iicai writer. in: a: o a Pie toa,op: ot a cat, produces vu ; i! Ul ( ,,a N u..-:oas aa. . aiai.iiar.! in tae spsce ol a ; '""'" 1 " ll:lt then bat toe most aoletoiooos eif-rts can ' '"' exp.aa, -d tro a the nabiiuai use of so deadlv a ! h'l.-.oa: .1 wnt-rr ia tiie Journal ot ileaah, has i 'he t-alowiap appropri ae re. narks, "Did the l,at.-t I benefit re.- at to the systtan from the habitual use. ' ' " ' wouhl the,, i e some reason why, with al! its heah-omeia oi t.'-.-ie and sim ll, ii should have become so pre, a a iavorite. Eut we know on Cm 'o arary that id! who !:abituate themselves to its u.-e, sooner or later experience its noxious power. j Tobacco is in fact :.n absolute jioisoa. Aav m:i- , i a rato qaaaaty 1 taaiien into tue system even ipiyiaa t..e moi.-teaeo leaves over t he stomach. 1 .i s . ee 11 i . o . . . 1 ia Mi.iiaa.a 10 exiin p u isi: i 1 ie. n I 1 n what.'Ver !-orm it may be employed, a portion of ! the ;(,:i-e -i; i:l,-ino ot lobrirni iniveil n-itb t!:n 1 ' ' ...... .'.u Oiv.. t', ,,$'. es in t'u. c;r.ieti --. I .1 i..-t,.-l.c 1 or impedes ;he I unci ions of that o'r-ao. 'jltmci' j most of those who are aeon -fomed to use lob oa o ar i n-E r lvs epac symptoms 'i't i hey ex : ej c i i ' at mterva.s a waat o! appetite, nausea. itior.-.inate t arst, virtipo. pains ana distenlioas of t be aavanoh , dosa p; eeabio sleep, and are more or 1 --s e'naeiafed. A nd .althoii ii these symptoms m iy for a time lie disregarded compiicated chrom,- Cl(. i laiiits will after a while come upon the i t i , i s a - o . - c 1 1 1 1 a victim, nnkin lite a burden r.n.i ! e,,.li i r ; la-a.,,-,.,,,-,- 'n..,i, i, im-njte hi issaaerin.ps to otner causes, ami even . r . . in..i w ith unsuspicious confidence in the arms oi his muio.ma rs. Eut our las: argument is drawn from tho fact that the habitual use ol' Tobacco is injurious to the morals. Every dereliction of duly, it may be remarked. -,itb, els the dr.rsi'tnr wirii nionil t ti r n it ti.l e. An, it... ;.,.i,.i.,on.. m ,,t,.r..! mn.iit.c blunts the mora! seasibdity, but increases the clamor for prat i fication . Tiieeonsequence is,exci sst 3 of any kind are rarely foil ml solitary. Crime.-, have, their ailinities, and are usually found cinMerins; around some indulged passion or appetite a? their alma mater. I know there are excep'ions io these remarks; bm they usually are exceptions which grace has made and consequently affect not the general pritici pie. Dr. Rush remarked lhat he had never met with a sot who was mi, in tho habit of using tobacco. And he maintained that there was a natural connection botweeen intemperance in the use of tobacco, and intemperance in the use of ardent spirits. The use of Tabacco he alledrred produced an unnatural thrist, that required somethimr stronaer than water to quench it hence an a' most resistless temptation to resort to beer cellars ami tippling shops. If ,be.e things lie so where is the indivithi.il who is wdling to rush into temptation, and hazard the conset;ner:res ot ihrowins; up the reins to appetite. Thouahshit Ided by Di vi ne grace, he may nol hem ('.anger himself", yet his example may lead his weaker neipjibor to perdition. Joseph Clark, after haying been forty-five e;irs Treasurer of Ul, ode Island, was at the age of 70 nominated for Governor; he declined, assigning the following roa-ons: As 1 enjoyed a good character among my felj low citizens all my lite as is proved bv their ehoo j sing me their Treasurer more -ml ; forty yeais, I j have no notion of losine; it now in .oy old nge, f-v

i ?ri"g srf vJ'r governor.'

I