Standard, Volume 4, Number 23, Madison, Jefferson County, 27 March 1835 — Page 1

nn AN! "DECLARE YE, AND rCBLISJI, AND SET VP A STANDARD; ri BLPni AND CoNTEAr. N-T. iercrn ;Vi THE rROFITS ACCRUING FROM THIS PAPER WILL IE APPROPRIATED TO THE tSUTFOilT OF THE Til K0L0G1CAL SEMINARY OF SOUTH II A NOV Ell" Voi- 1 V. No. 23. SOUTH IIAAOVEK, INDIANA, MARCH '27, LS:i,. Wnou: Ao. 179.

HE

)ARD

For the Standard. -No. V.

ATONF.MENTIn my last, I mentioned a popular and very plan tsihie meihoJ ot accounting tor the suiienngs of Christ. Th;s method stands opposed as much, I ; "ri'""1 '"m v.iin vu.il lv, n int.- uiu -ii i ne vi , real vicarious atonement, tor which we contend; and though defended by many, either directly or indirectly, m the Presbyterian Church, is palpably at vainnce with our Mandards ot t The i

language of our Form of Doctrine is not equivocal; !0!1 of human nature, and his sufferings in that i they will leave to their children the sad' inherior doubtful here. See Con. of Faith, Ch.8, Sec. 5. nature, as indispensibly necessary to the rcdemp- : tar.ee of persecution, oppression, and priestly vasTue Lord Jesus Christ, by his perfect obedience tion of those whom he came to save. "Forasmuch, ; 'a'age. and sacrifice of himself, which he, by the Eternal ', therefore, as the children were made partakers of j Anions: the friends of pure religion, and reliSpirit.onoe offered up untoCod, hzxh fully sati.-fed j flesh and blood, himself also took part of the same, ! gious liberty, who, in this country," have recently i'u-justice f his Father. Again, L. C. No. 44 j that through death he might distroy him that had ; sounded the tocsin, to alarm the Protestant camp'. 'Christ eeeuteth the office of a Priest, in his. once ; the power of death, that. is. the devil; and deliver : and who have firmly faced the foe, J)r. Brownlee o tiering himself a sacrifice without spot to God, to ! those who. thro' fear of death, were ail their lifetime j stands pre-eminent." Having taken up the guante a reconciliation for his people." See also L. C. , subject to bondage. For surely he took not on him j let thrown down to him by name, in the columns No. -25. llow men propagating or encouraging the nature of angels, but the seed of Abraham." ; of the "Truth-Teller," a "Roman Catholic naper The heresy above mentioned can solemnly adopt l-t how perfectly needless all this, provided a i published in New-York, on condition that .his opour Standards, which contain such language as I mere display of the desert of sin in the abstract, ; ponents should render themselves visible; the have cited, is unaccountable. For myself, I con- : without any satisfaction to the claims of penal law, terms were accepted by three Romish "priests, of sider it a violation of the common principles of was sufficient to secure our pardon. ! that city, and the conflict was kent up for several

.-.mm iiiuj.i.nt. ii inut paipaoie liecepi.on oe- ; fore the Church and before the world because, before both, such men bv a most solemn affirma tion, declare that thev elo he! ieve and that thev wi'i teach the doctrine as taught m our Confession , o; i rt.i.i; wiiiie, practicany, t.ney ner.ner believe nor teach it but teach another cos Put let us go into an examination of this error And here. I remark, that it is anti-sc my toregoing numbers, to which the tuaa ' In iea, is reierre.i, I think it is proved from th. the nnalouv ol Scripture languaso, and from the plain lansmore, as well as the express words of Scripture, that the sufferings of our Saviour were strictly vicarious, and that they are accepted, in law, as a real legal -atisi icti ui to the claims of divine justice for our sins. Indeed I have never seen any scripture proof adduced in favor of this error which seems tv en jo nave a piausitie tearing that way, except as it has bt-en tortured by the false criticism of the erronst out of its plain natural meaning. Doctor j -luii.oi in ii!.-niii!on winch seems to nave been so extensively approved ot, by the students of a -' oe.iiinai , scarcely quotes a passage ol seriniitre in tavor ot ii-- posinon except ins t--xt. winen i rim wretcnetiiv to; i u re ' i by l ose philosophy, in tin his purpose. 1 Ins text is 'ound Rom. -. -j; which! examined in No. -2, of this sei.ut coctrme is absur.i hecani en in every possible sense i moa tit, that noxious to the penalty of Saw, the sub'.Oi er ii n nrecei; ented . most excruciation- k ttV-r. Jags; tliose sufferings, too, inl'icted bv God him--i cas b ke the loiiowing, is supposed, in usiraimg this tiu-ory: A certain prince has a ume-,-r o. suo;ects wno have rebehed against his ;;v, and laid t.iemseives obnoxioe.s to the prnruty ot law. He is disposed, howe ver, to mercy; and in or.icr to give exeicise to li s ttenevolent disposition, and at the same time to aff-et the reee:s with a proper sense of the magnitude an.l evil de.-ert of their crime, he falls upon the foiiowing e.x pt e.ier.t: ne ! rings lorth Ins own the presence of a!! the rebt-'s inrtic." Foii, ami st'i;-f m St chasjiseme;it upon him; not the legal punishment winch i Pounced against them, but somet n.or caicu.atcii to attect them with eonal ter- .......... , or, an.l to show t m what titer cri;n--s deserved thus t.j? Prince shows his regard to taw. v "inaicaT-: t:: lor.or of his government, and makes it consis tent to pardon the guiity. Now, we say that this is a '.-surd, because it supposes an individual, in every sens innocent, to be the subject of undeserved punishment; which is unjust. Such a transaction in the divine government, is impossible. God never punished his Son, except as lie was ons.d'-reJ, in law, as occupying the sinner's place only as our sins wore charged to his ac count as our substituteonly (to use the langna-e otte.e Holy ti host) as "the Lord .ai l on him the ini juity of u all.' But if he were in no sense, by the imputation of sin. under penal liability to law". ! ms Miiie: angs must have been an act of injustice. ! in- no at .1, and extreme agony m the cnr.ion and j on th cro-s, therefore, were not a nvre drama, a ' mere 'exhibition of the desert of sin in the Abstract.' ; jl ne c.ia.-iist-ment oi our peace wa cause, tiie Lord laid upon l.im the iiro-i bim. ne- j ln .iuity of us i ri.;. lie p;s j.. .i...-, ne o..t .tins our reiea-e troe.i tne PU P.is j-ii iii.-,iiih.-iii oi .-i.i, i-eciius.e, pursuaat in n;s own 1 o.u::iat un-tei f axing, ''fie tare oi.r inau.tii s. To a: TI ate his de.u! .1. lUdilx U..IIT Cail.-C, IS to MIP- : pose an act ot the reatest injustice iu the divine j government. Put this method of ccnununrr for x.o PutlVrmsr? vf (. nrist argues injustice, tor another reason Une i ot two tilings must be true either the declaration c-i the oi vine law which we call its penalty, was ' er it w as not. No one, how?ver, has the piri-nmp.ioii jo say mat it was unjust it wastlierejust. Now, if was pardored without . ... -. - pezLti juiue, me ctt-ims of justice i are trampled upon; that is, every supposed act of I paruon is an act ot injustice. No ma'ter what we make atonement to provided we do not make I it to consist m a strict satisfaction to enal justice, j every act of pardon must te an act oi injustice in ! the divine gove rnment. Put our trond sense re- I vo:t? from such an ilea: it is minutely unworthy j of infinite justice. We might as wel "unpose the i Sn pre m.-. Ju.lg. of tlie earth to cease to exist, as to j '-appose that injustice is aumissii-le in Ins ad minis- ! Kuo;.. --ii.e junge ot an the etrth will do! right." ; The supposition is equally inconsistent with his ! truth, because the deci iration ol the liii ine law is ! .-.Mie , ,,ou shr.lt surely c.ie -de wages ot ; Sinidea.il. It tlie full, lin.'P Ot llif lie 'cpiupi!.,.t (,-r..,. .v. , . - - . ! 'i i i.iiaiiiui, so.i s xo main ; -a.. i i.nu iiiiu:uip me truth l .,. r. in fitlirr! i;,;;: , . i i , e. l, , ; . . . . ' i Hv. r nrr.-iv ; '.' , T 1 , 1 . I clain.s of the penalty, aceordi extutntory atonement, are u.-p om-u w uu; ann mat too, to' the sake of, or on account of a supposed miracle of offering, which we have seen is, in itself, legally unjest. ' We revolt from tVie idea. Put my objections to this plan of cxhilitorj ntonenient do not stop here. It supposes tliat a disriay of the desert of sin in the abstract, seciresthe boil, or of the divine government in its forgiveness. Thi. we believe, it does not do it cannot do hut J : j . ........ . . 7 J on the supposition, is derogatory to .1. ,r.l, n.i " God. (iod cannot, on this nrincin!, I,, .-.!.. , ', the sufferings ot one internal Fiur'.t in IifII ci naliy, te an exhibition of "the desert of sin in the abstract'"' especially if such exhibition were ren-

ju.-tice ot

-.- ni.-i iu,- M.-iint-i oi me ixmever. tut lino- ot Its i . , . , , . . i provided the truth of this scheme be admitted fo U of S ir ,,h.e,r -Pe.l -mirthsake of argument, it will result m this conclu- o e Than f rP I '""'"Th, have done lit-le sion-that the sufferings of Chris, were unneces- 'Tee ' " tT 4 lherp' lhe warni" arv. Christ, according to this plan, is d aTm , ,Li, , n,e t body ofthe Protesva:n; for, I ask, are There nol . e , ? ''l P-or ,. pav,1;llly awake, they -Wh ..i,ii,i,; .i,.u i, r. In Ftill flatter themselves with ihe liu .hat t !.. i

- " iiir-r- v wii iii iinr

dered conspicuous in the view of the whole uni-j tal independence, which they inherit. It would verse. Would not this be a great governmental appear as if they still needed to he told that the Rotransartiou? Would it not answer the ends of. man Catholic Religion, however it mav disguise the divine government as well! It is he- itself, is, incurably and immutably, a system which vend the rower of man to see why it would not. err. bodies in it thf fell nn.icin'w'nf "..,,.,. r,-n,

Then, surely Christ is dead in vain. Go 1 nugiit mtiht " 1 m -un ,1 Lu.i, aim n Riiitn-ri a 11:1 ;ih d his own Son, and yet sinners have been pardoned just as welias now. It surely was unnecessary that our Saviour should take our nature ana sutiertne ignominious death ol trie cross, let the Scriptures represent his assumn"e an. gi.iety ioi.;, tnai tne noctrme oi a; strict satisfaction to the penalty of the divine law! as the ground of our pardon and acceptance with i (jod, is inconsistent with grace that if full satis- j faction was made to law and justice, salvation iso:'; oei i mat tne sinner can now claim it as a i e: ot right, i:c., and therefore, the scheme which w oppose is, at last, the only consistent one. I answer, that as it respects Christ, our Mediator and Surety, whostands in ourleal place and answer tne chums ol law tor us; who meets and cancels the legal claims of justice, for us; who gives the ve re consideration which law demands our salvation 1 is a matter of right. It would be injustice to him, it tne believing penitent were not saved. The ' salvation of the sinner is a matter ofcomnact. covenant eniragement with him the condition of this comnact. "Ilv bis k i.nwledo-o enaii my righteous servant justify many; fr he shall laic their iniquity." Thus"tar,we freely admit the truth of the objection: but, nevertheless, have not .... l -w J. y ti. tne slightest temptation to abandon our position. The Scriptures represent. lrst. that we are 't.oiigit w.it a vrtee, even "tr.-W the precious Uood tco'l iw V, ' CU W0,T,.""",') r ;t e I"."- r fnC-e' "oJV-'thstand-mg. ,e;ng ,nsulied freely ly h,s grace, through j the re df iipf h);t that is ,n Christ Jesus Here is a gracious justification declared-but it i, not witho.n pnee, u lt regare.s our Surety. It is throdiih ! out price, as it re t lie re ..emtnion in !..m: and what that re demption is, let a ijarallel passab-i iteceie. 'in i o:n we have redemption through his b'ood. j even the forgiveness ol sins, according tothe rtriics J li;s grace. Here the legal price of redemption (viz: blood) is mentioned. Throifh this blood w have red em ion, and vet this n demption is declared to be according to the riches if divine grace. Paul seems to hav e thought of no iiilHcu.ty he apprehended no inconsistency he never encountered i!m n-.n,trrn ni-..), ni'n.i,,,! The Standards of the Presbyterian Church ore- I urch pre sent this matter in a clear light, and fully meet the objection too. The words of the Look rire the fol-oA-ing: "i hrisT. by Ins obedience and death, di.i discharge the dr'.t of all those that aie ion-? ?- - tiiiod. an.l tUA .-.:.L-.- ..-.,.,,.r i r ..? . 7 T III , It HI t U ( t .'II i.Staction to his l athi r s ,;,.- i i ',.-,!.- i.i,.,ir Vet, inasmuch as he was given by the Father, for hem, and Ins obedience and satisfaction accej ttd in their stead, and both freely; not for any thing in hem; their justification is oniy of tree grace; tha' both the exact justice and right grace of God minht he clonnod in the justification of sinners." The Westminster Divines seem evidently to have maintained the supposed inconsistency. They speak of the discharge of our debt, and "tha- by a full, proper, an.l real satisfaction to the jnstee' of God and vet ailirm that our exemntton is ti;,. eious, on the ground that God the Father furnish ed te.o price of our redemption at his own expense, and accepted it in our stead. Thus the exact justice and right grace of God are glorified in our ju.tiiication. How remarkably well this accords wit the words ot the Anostle: "That as sin hath -,., f unto death, even so might grace reiga through righteousness unto eternal life, by Jesus Christ our L.or.:. What was this righteousness throno-h vliicb grace re-srneJ, but the obedience of Chris: t e.eatii! e have i-een, in a preceding nu nhei , that thi: constitutes the righteousness of the law: anil Pel IIJ minuted . nr wrnnin,! n, ,,1 . he "luililled in us, xvho walk not after the flesh lint v I-, rt .: ?9 TM. .1 i ... should bo unp hv Inti.lAanri i ans who have no connection, and seek r.r con V v H1IU I. V'V I II) (HjC tllll 'ill" nection, with the Presbyterian Church id ,,r veious but that it should be in the mouths of thUo who have solemnly adopted the Standards from which the above quotation is made, and who still adhere tenaciously, by profession, to the same cnurch, shocks our moral sense. Such however are the times in which we live. Many act this absurd part and many more, as if infatuated bv most stupid moral insensibility, practically admit its correctness. May the Lord open the'eyo of the blind. vt For tlie Standard. Lettess ix the Roviax Catholic Controvkrst. lOVKRsr.by . L. brow nice, D. D. of the. Colli i Elate Protestai.t lit formed Dutch Church , JV( ic- York: O-taro, xi. and 364 pp. For sale at Cony and Fairlank's Theological Book-Store, Cincinnati. Tl . : - . . . i ue increasing numner, chielly l-y emigration ot the adherants of the Roman bishop; the'strenuoik rf)'.-ii-ic f ,1,; e , i..:..; - . . v" , l" "'""" Vlll!HaUS, 1 11 inis cotiniry, to extend their influence, and l.iv ihp fnnn,-ii;in,i nf ...-,r,,,,,.,, i .i. . u, i,MaiRin ,uri anu ine cor- . apprehended, t0

.-..n.,..u i.iin.-,iiuin d HLIlUil urimpeached. Lut the j pending for its perfect developement and perperumg to tne doctrine of; tuity on the deification of the priesthood, and the no. sustame they are degradation of the neonle on the nnres,Vted

OUI c,.vu aa rt"Sious liberties, trom a religion de people on the unresisted doni ination of the hierarchy, and the complete subjugation and passive submission of the civil authorityought to render the Roman Catholic Controversy asuhjectof no ordinary interest in the view of every wise and considerate patriot, philanthropist and Christian. Till very recently, there has been asupineness, on the part of Protestants, ari--'.ng probably from imagined security: while, do-.-u , m 'specnng siumher, the ene T UiisMaTeoi unsnspeciinc fiu n, ny forming his plans lorwara nisorerattons. unti the tra.nr. no danger. They seem either to ha, o-.r.. or to be as yet ignorant of, the price na:,l inufTerinirs an.t l.lrwit K... ,i.;- 1. .. ot that pure faith, liberty of conscience and men- .... , - j in,Mor5j )r nic niossines

Cud and injury to man. Unless the Piotcstants of i this country, and esnooiallv of this treat Mississin.

; mis country, ana especially ot tins srreat .Uississin- : pi Valiev, Open their eves'to the real character of : poperv, "and use the lawful and nroner means counteracting the growip.w influence of th tematized comrjound of st: nerst ition and tvrannv. montns. it was carried on in a series of Letters which appeared, as the parties furnished them, in the "Truth-Teller," and "Christian Intcll sencer," and were copied into other papers. Put the priests very soon sickened under the castrations inil teet lv the Doctor s powerful nen. Unahl( to nn. swrr his n.rgutncnts, or to equal his wit, an.l unsuccessful in their attempts to turn bin from his straight-forward couise, on the publicat on of his thirteenth Letter, thev sounded a retrea .and left dm master of the lield. These r.etro.- t,v,..t',... I with some inter hides, and a Fourteenth, hl'owincrup the retreat of the priests, form Part '. of the i work before us. Part II. consists of a ei ie ol i Thirty Eight Letters, one half of which aro a.)-! riLfr,l ,n ,!, M,.,,,., n i a. J, l,wl,n ,k w.n, r;r.i... ,-.i. n . ... ; 1 II .nvi m. J.J.TlJVi O Ol lilt; 1AUI IlClll ' Al il- ...... oiic Church, in the United States." IV. Prowniee evinces a inasterly inowleiire of his sulject, and acquits himself as an able andenergetic defender of the truth. His aconaintmce with Roman Catholic writers, amiears to lie cva;. ! sive, and he makes them contribute liberally tothe ost;lh!l':t'eU of his tacts, and the force of hisarguments. Such are the sprightliness of his st-le, the clearness of his concemions the point :ud conclusiveness ef his reason!.- t he artnc s I variety of his illustrations, and in one1 word '., absorl.ino- intt -t,;i,' m.- .., . imparts o a ! icct, in itsel!, ol -rr-at imrnrhr-'n that nn in.i te!

teer.t reader wi'l be in no dancer of b-eine tuip-'"''

ted to ay the i i'-ioi e ta the bo; torn of tli iast paeo. We woul advise every 1 rorestant to furnish him self with accpv)ftb.e work; or, if he cannot afford to purciias e it, ;.y all means let him borrow it. and learn from i' howthankful he should Le for the liberty of the Gospel. P. COMMON SEXSK ESSF.NTIAL TO A MINIS I ELI. (Hood common sense is a prime requisite. riay not be easy to define this term: still, few will bo . i ... .. i... :. - ... . , ii . , ""l -n ii ml independent judgment in practical concerns.It is ptohmly eb nominated common sense to denote, not its strength, but its character, as that which is possessed by ihe mass of men enu;iicd in common concerns. It stands con, dly in j.i. ii v m i.n,n,:.-i v 1 1 ii a in opetisity in impracticable theories, on the one li..nd. and to a blind appuc ition ol general rules, on (lie other. Tiini, one m iy lie a great scholar, possessing a retentive mid richly stored mommy, while he has no judgment to r.pply li s facis and precedents to p:;.ctice. Or hi; may possess great powers of speculation, and g .in repute as an abstract philoso pher, while bis philosopny proves woitl.less, at leas! in Ins own h inds, in tne moment of practical exigency. One is too speculative and sclf - confi - dent, and unobservant of actual facts, for the exer-! ciseol a sober and chastened judgment; while the other is ton servile and imitative for that independence which is requisite in applying his knowledge tothe varying circumstances of life". Combine tlie excellencies of both, and you have the happy medium of great price, a common sense mind. The trait of character is capable of great improvement. The best school for this purpose, is the active business of lifo and intercourse with men. Hence men of business possess this trait in a high degree; and as these constitute the mass of the world, hence, the term common sense. If. then, a young man has been detained on the parental farm, or iu ihe counting room, or the work shop, till the age of sixteen, or even twenly, let him mt think the years lost in regard to the sacred profession. It was perhaps the best school for him, though he may have been iu it a little too long. Patience of labor, quickness of observation, judgment, practical tact, in shoit, a common sense discipline of mind, is thus attained, which is indispensihle to Ins highest usefulness. To this, add the value of such an acquaintance with common men as be could not otherw ise gain. There is doubtless a eh .ice in tins respect, among the laboring i-cu-pdions. That of ihe firmer is probably the best, especially if the young man leach a school in the winter, and ihus learn the ail of training the human mind. The mechanic may wo k too much by mere tide, for the improvement of his invention and inelependence of his judgment. Prof. Emchsox. Amer. Quarterly Register. hare seen ;,- end of all perfection: hut thy commandruciil te exceeding hroad. Of "all pel lection" in this world, whether of beauty, wit, learning, pleasure, honor or riches, experience will show us the end. Iut where is the end or boundary of the word of God? Who can ascend to the height of its excellency; who can fathom out the comprehension of its precepts, or the tlepths of its mysteries who can conceive the extent of its promises who can take the dimensions of that love of God to man which it desenhetb, or that love of man to God which it teacbeth? The knowledge of one thing leadeih us forward to that of another, and still, as we (ravel on, the prospect opens befoie us into eternity, like the pleasant and frniiful mountains ol Canaan, rising on the other side of Jordan, when view ed by Mose s from the top of Pisg.ih. O happy region of celestial wisdom, permanent felicity, true riches, and unfading glory while we contemplate thee, bow doth the world lessen, and shrink to noth ing in our ryes! Thy blessings faith now beholdcih. nut it is charity winch shall hereafter possess and en joy them! Horne.

REYNOLDS ON THE USE OF Till: EYES. Hints to Students on the Use of the Eve:. jY Edv.-ard Rf.vnolds, I)., of L'ostoa lihl'a' Rep, rtortj,jr July, 1833. J

I l:e eC is a little world of wo;..!, i . . I (M S, V. I " s.niclnrc, or it? m uvoinc ds. or t!. n.,1 1, ofi"lcts 11 Perf"rm- 1,1 hc hc-tutifal lmsiifgR the Sv.viour, it is ':!ie light of the hod v.' Ii wulches over its members, it cis its i.iovotnrn'.p. it w.iriis i ol (laiificr. btit it r.ns l;i"iier oHsccs. Ii it of danger. is (lie messoiiger of the mind, srmi forth to collect the ii i to rials of though). In t! e worfls of l!;o rssiy h. lore us, 'Its importnnce rises in value wlicn it is cot!5!(l;rcd as t!io channel of m"?t of (he knowl edge of nature, r.r.d tiirour,!) of t'ie ui;a!; majesty, Hid trtuidness of (iod tin it is ; o t;;e mterpret. r of the son , ;;!Kl expresses its inmost leelmgs, its most eielicalc shades of ctnotion, with a fiit!ilu!i,ess and power, which the pen .and the: tongue can never rival, although they boast of 'words that hum.' And yet this noble organ, which gives b the mind most of its knowled-T r-f tl.r. ,-I t !,..!,. m" 111 a.'!tl i"vn l'(,n'1 the irs the most beautiful imagciv to shallow ;!ories of that which is idiove". is wretch edly neglected, and ofien shamefully :,iiU!?c d. (he.at piins are taken to educate the limbs H .(lVe j-j, ,ivv.- ,.t:u viv-ci; uu; lougiii! is ir;,i;mei wain reat ,c :ro to articulate every letter, and cosishim-.tion vS jh-ttcrs; hut the rye is left to cducale itscif: ami if : ' " 11 1 ,r "l,,st 1 ' ilP! " t ti t ami Dcautilul ..b.eot- . A';'"-"1 " " m i.i u.e nest manner, or is use url' s!u'' or pnidcnce, it is t ho result of accident, a"(l ,iot '!' f'isliuctioii or traiuiiii:. U... ; :..:.. ' . '". is won .no ijuesuon. how iiis'iunieiiis ii! s: ih aiid deli oiii diseas tlie slmlr: acy s!..l! and pre!l:e n?t;,, so :ls to sectre them f; j mature decay. We consult aiu it clergyman not a little indebted to the editor of the "ejiertory,1 and his abb- correspondent, for presenting, m tins form, a set of maxims nn.l mecents which, if observed. w.mL! car, m-mr ;. !,,,.,. 'f snilering and idleness: and we are nnxioes to hrin, , hem to the m Wo mnt relncta' L . . ' ! h' j F'frve a! onrs o'icotd' parents ami teachers. f.tlv pass over.wiihon; a rcmatk. luciion of Dr. Uovn ins. m i-roer 'ice fir the nraclica portion of hs essay, with a sum 1.: i el 'ITU CO to Ins ohserva",M,S "1( power anil value winch the art ml i:nt:i'g Ins conferred on the eve. The mental treasures ol ios .are thus brought within its reuch: it can discern, through these characters, not oniv the t'Sjiect of distant emiintries, hut the events of pist .ages, and discover the hidden wouiieis of tlie unseen and futuro woild in the pages of inspiration. In commencing his remarks on the manaircmetit of the e yes. Dr. IF observes, ili.it this is emphatic illy Hhe. reading age,'1 and states thL; f. (it in terms, which may suggest othe r ideas than those which relate to vision. "Reading is the fisliion of the day. Il commences vviih Ihe ii Id m the nuii-eiy- r, m.-i i I u t-s tinchiel business of boyhood and youth: .and cnnlmi;i s through manhood and old rmo. No period is considered too let dcr for this ali impoitant b'lsimvs of (ducaiion to in commenced. No thrcal'-niinr i - . " " " 1 . . i . v ,ii,i in. mi in io si. a no m us way; no acquiremcnis snliicii n'ly meat to permit repose. .sone advances in ins course, new demands lor exertion present themselves; new temptations multiply; new sources of information are thrown open to him. IV.s eyes begin to manifest the til innii.g signs of inordinate use; hut they are too often disregarded, until incurable disease numbers lem among its victims; and ho learns, when loo late. j that be has closed the w ide st door ot knowledge to ' 'hr -soul, and is left to mourn, with many a kindred spirit, the premature sacrifice of his usefulness and pover In connection with t'fs. Dr. R. informs us that the present age is marked by 'an unusual pievalence of eliseases of the eye,' and that, among the .".blest and most valuable of our clergy, and public ofiieors, and literary me n. He maintains, however, that ibis is by no means a necessary consequence of a studious life; and appeals tothe history of students who have used their eves to an extent scarcely credible, and yet preserved their vision unimpaired, to advanced old ago. He describes the wonderful provision which the Creator has made for the safety of these precious organs ; and assures us, that the source of its eliseases are to be found, not in their use, but in their abuse, in tho ignorance which knows not. or the negligence v lich legards not, the laws, by which tlie most exquisite f optical instruments should be regulated. I lis first object, therefore, is to give the student, (for whose benefit ho princip illy writes) some correct ieleas of the degree, and proper adjustment of the light, by which he studies. Tiie first circumstance he mentions, as Nino of the most prolific causes of weakness of sight, which has caused the elestruction of many eyes,1 is htilo suspected, because the injury is generally gradual, 'he exposure of the eyes to frequent alternations of ircak and strong light.'' The immedia:e sensation of p tin, w lien a strong light is broughl into a el irk room, should be a sufficient warning The tilt i mate elfects, are like those of sudden changes from boat to cold upon the hotly; and when the light has been long excluded, the tyrant Dionysius, the Carthaginians in their punishment of Regulus, and even the liberators of long immured prisoners, have found the sudden transition to the nrilliancy of day, sufficient to produce total blind ness. In most parts of the earth, the general course of nature is adapted to the structure of the eye; and the brilliant sun is ushered in bv a gradually in creasing twilight. But we neglect, or counteract t his indication ol n iture. Many exclude all Imht from the sleeping room, until it is ready to bmst up on them in its stiength. The d ukest 100m is often selecteel for the study, and the evening lights are not introduced, until total d.iiknrss has tendered the eye peculiarly susceptible. In illustration of the d mger of these practices, Dr. I', mentions the case of a l i .vyer w ho brought on a serious disease by performing his studies and labors in a gloomy room, and passing into one of brilliant light, to take his meals. But a more serious warning is found in the case ol i young traveller, who was awakened in the morning by the rays of the sun sliming in upon bun; soil hi exposing himself a second day m the same chamber, wasseized with a violent opilulmia, which produced a course of weakness and sntVering for year?.

i . Tli :,n'1 " obvious rule which Dr. R. derives f r..: t!-.e f r.s j?t ,!,,, v,0 s!ml)d no( pxpi)8e lj;0 r'( s sucii.Vi.ly to a s'rong j!,t up, ,M awaking horn .-!e-c-p. To f.vo:i thi--, he w.Miid advise a wesieru r. o:,, fr si,-, j ir.j; and whero that cannot he otb oiled, i;c c 1 ! : f s i!ti to produce the jmie t fll ct i y , curtail, s or Mm.-'s. which will sufum the liht so as render it ;;c;i.r .!!o to the eyes. Fh : succeed;, g rules -are m.t less obvious infijrS! ',s fi'.0"1 si1, s ' f.c;lin the room r- lected for iviy, p';ou; ; l-e tnil-Ughled, hoUi in the d,y r'v";"' s-r- t! o cyis should not be unfitted for

tli.' - ' 'i'juiii Hiiiii "'i resting e.r ai !;, ,!r or t:.nre in darkness. Of this las; habi m.-.f.' s no-, t ier : can be 'no more certain n.-ilr- I1-.. f.- i I. - . r . I , ,,, - "fill MllillOII CII-'ilg'S '':' "";:'.! shoidd ilw.vs ho regulated accmomg to I ., f ,!. t,, tl. an(, lt cqaly impeut.uit t, .. ,.;o amount raid distribution of it S.IOU.U 00 SIC . ;. Vl tions. il fleeted and coproi'uee no unpleasant sensa-,(-'a,,fed 1 i "lit are h'phlv iniuI IOUS . j y) o c ses ol actn u t,litl,.,pci, i.,.,p ,,rrr. nal vviiiim tiie kn-nvlod.. of Dr.H. if, a few veus, ....... , ... Kuicnm.neii light, wcanes ness or sigiit tntit ii ;S iiiiutted the tmhv.dui.. f. or usemlncss t..ioi:oj ,;1S Vr-L.; )eca ,i eonseq,nre ()f n. : rays el the in lie ci'iis si-els t'.ecuMar,-. !i jnrious, wlieu ta Cectrd from tin opposite huihimg., w all. or cv n wlion tin-y e alter through a wind'w descending to tin: floor,:;!:;! are thence reil cted to the ev- ; ted Any I'Xposuie cf tins kind should ho obvi.iy cuitmns ot some soft color, and the furniture shouh such as the ye m yn pose upon with seiiiilions. V.; lure is cloih, d with dr.i:i''rec, pery wiiose color is refreshing to the eye; and it is I Ise t;.s!e. ;is well as false philosophy, which att. mp.ts to (i z.!e, in ordt r to please it. ' r..tal itiisl.akes, Dr. R. remarks, arc often made, a mi wo may add, no less (ai d economy is often practised, in rog.ai d to the quantity of light suitable for ; fuming study. Many think they are performing ary : ':nPorJ ;r;t seiviee to the i us, by acenstotning them ; to huh- light, when, in his view, noilim-i can be ii, ;e itijiitious. 'The itregniur, flickering light of comm.- u lamp and c i tulles.' lie regards 'as the worst ' lsihle meai.s of l-ghtmg the sti dy.' Candies, if used at ;;H, should be of w :X or spermaceti ; hut he ; P'fiers the common Argsnd study lamp, (the lamp J vv:l!l a circsii.r wick, which still bears the name of the inventor.) furnished with a shade of oiled paper, wii'ch uihhr-es suilicieut light without any ofj tensive gi.'.re, and is free from the objections of coni ccntratcd Pglit, ptodticcd by the dark shade, or the l(,ss obj- ctioiiable one of ground glass. ; 1 'omi( ei-mi w nh tins put of the s.ibjocf, Dr. j R. no! ici s sever d h .hits of studious men which are i injurious. S't.iJc.'s oca- the eyes be considers inju rious to ali, e.xei Dt thse individuals whose eves are prommi i.t, and s! md out far from the head, and whose eye-brows and cye-l.i-lies are we.k and insulneie'iit. Sueii as are deprived i-S nature's sh idos, re'ii;e som.' sali-liiute' ; but this should bo of thin, : ia.ys of I ght. ' I ho habit of s i vi nr I mil j by iwii'gi.t. or i.i.rini gin ho bv re i(hn, and writing "tiites's against .as m:sI i r .hle ( a-oiioim , v. ii.cli I nis prematurely ruined the e.os ol hundred.-; and thous.nds, ! gum and le lining of many an alt! I ii . and roliiied renfriend. i lie aiso c, unions us agimst j for a long time, as a dangerous .zing at the moon habit, or watch'ng i the flashes of lightning. The pupil, dil-ited by surrounding darkness, pi rrniis this highly concentrated light to pass to the eyes in too gre it quantities ; and the lus!o!V of Astinnomy points to a number of its vol lies who were bimded by this habit. Reading and writing by a side-light, is a practice by which many have ignorauily or thoughtlessly impaired their vision. At first view, this would seem too trivial a ciieumst nice to produce the least effect; and yet. it only requi es the glimpse at the structure and Physiology of the eve which Dr. R. ives us, to see I. ml it is of material importance. The iris, or colored portion of ihe eye, which gives it iis beamy, I serves also as a curtain to protect it, anil instmc-li.-ely opens, when the light is diminished, and conj tracts when it is increase d. Tins transition , which ! is easily observed, bv looking at the eyes iu a glass after they have been kept in darkness for a few moments, rendeis the sudden clnnge of light injurious, and also mikes it important, that both eyes should be exposed to an equal degree c flight. The sympathy between the yes, Dr. R. inloians us, is so great, that if the pupil of one is dilated by beingkepi in the shade, i.s must, of course, be the case, where the liht is on one snle, the eye which is exposed, cannot contract itself sulliciently for protection, and ihe exposed eye is almost inevitably inju red. On the same general principles, the habit of sitthiM in front of window, with the book towards if, and holding the book or piper before the eves, or of holding a cnidle between the ey. s and the hook, for tlie purpose of seeing mote distinctly, is veiy iujui 'ous. Those, bowevir, whose eyes fail from Hge, are in el mger of filling into tlnsliibit; and to such Dr R. ises mmediate iccourse to spectaclcs. In reply to the question, 'what i.s the direction best soiled to the eyes'!'1 Dr. R. replies 'ft i.s that light which is sufficient for distinct r.voi, ; u och. fills over the hfi shoulder in an oblique direction, from aborc, upon the book or study table.'' I he last direction which is given on tins point is, that the eve should be protected in the summer, from the direct rays of tiie burning sun, by making the rim of the hat of suiiicieut widili. iEyc Jcstrcycrs; lie obseives, wo'ild not bean inappropriate name tor the narrow things, which, by some of the more recent fashions, are called htils. Such is mi impelled and partial sketch of an csI sav of peculiar interest an;'' value. We design to j complete the review hereafter; but we trust that enough has already been stated to rouse the attenI tio-i of parents and teachers, as well as students, to i this important sol j-'t, and I., show them the prac- ! tical value of a U via ledge of Physiology. ; The t-ediation of Chiist is a theme which the ' Chris'em, in whose heait grace is in liiely exercise, ievr contemplates with llinllmg interest, and in- ! tense delight. No other subject ahor.ls such plen- ! sure and satisfaction, for ill no other does he find so much which is in harmony wiih the Hotter teelmgs of hi'' renewed nature. In it If sees mysterie nd

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