St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 20, Number 44, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 25 May 1895 — Page 2

THE NATION’S DEBT. A score and a half a score of years Have passed since Sumter’s guns awoke A Nation, answering with its cheers, And wreathed our land in battle siuoke; And years of peace have healed the wounds That years of civil strife had wrought— A Nation, one, through all its bounds 'I he blood of many freemen bought. They lie unnumbered where they fell, In forest dark, by winding river, And loving friends that place may tell To other loving friends, ah! imver. Our mother earth her secret keeps And guards the secret dust she covers, Nor heeds the father’s trembling lips, The mothers’ moans, the sigh of lovers. The millions that were held in thrall Now walk the earth with firmer tread, And. grateful, feel they owe their all To those brave hundred thousands dead— And those who still survive to tell The tales of those dark days of war. And while they tell them feel the spell Os those dread scent's that come no more. We meet to-day in peace and joy Without a care to cause us sorrow, With no forebodings to annoy. With no dread fears for the to-morrow. The waving flags, the ringing cheers, Foretell no signs of coming battle, We think but of the peaceful years Since last was heard the musket's rattle. Hot, while we taste the joys of peace, I We sorrow with the stricken ones Where fathers come no more to bless, I Where parents mourn their cherished

sons; For, while time has healed in part The spirits that so grieved before. We know to-day each loving heart Still misses him who comes no more. Wo scatter flowers o'er the graves Os those who cared for self far less Than for their country's weal, the braves Who in their deep devotedness To right on Freedom's altar laid 'rhe greatest gift on man bestowed — Their lives, their all. They freely paid The Nation's debt in warm heart's blood. Their bodies rest beneath the sod. No rude alarm their slumber starts; Their souls are with the patriots’ Hod. Their memory lives in grateful hearts. Above us floats the stripes and stars. Around us peace and plenty dwell; No gathering cloud now brings us fears, A Nation murmurs. All is well. And while our pulsing hearts shall beat, While man shall honor noble deeds; While right shall witness wrong's defeat, While falsehood before truth recedes - The voice of youth, and age as well. From year to year, from sire to son. The story of their deeds shall tell, And all shall echo. Nobly done. —Chicago Inter Ocean. = - . ... - i | THE PLOVER BRIGADE | ^*-^E('()RATI()X Day was a i happy day for the little playmates —Gertrude Tallman and Neith Hannaman. And this is how it happened. A few mornings before, the little maid cus had been playing housekeeping under the largest, blossom-laden apple tree in the great back yard of Neith's home. Gertrude was busy gathering the fragrant white petals that had fallen to the ground into a heap to be used as flour in making strawberry shortcake for the noonday lunch of Queen Victoria, the Princess of Wales and their royal friends. Queen Victoria and the IT m oss of ;

Afj f ® 1V v> Wk S 2M™™® fir WW^' ®ti CwWINK ■? Sr w s jj| W ,;. .^n MMU’H OF THF. n.OWER BRh.ADr.

Vales. by the way, are among the very 1 dignified paper ladies who make up the । rather extensive household of these two | playmates. The blossoms doubtless suggested the j coming of Decoration Day, for suddenly i * rertrude said, ‘‘Oh, Neith, are you going i to march Decoration Day'.'” It is the custom in the town in which ! they live for the school children to march 1 in a body to the city of the dead and to carry flowers to lay on the graves of the j brave soldier dead. Io be sure,’ was the ready answer. 1 ‘‘Aunt Margaret has promised me all of her beautiful red roses, and our white lilacs will be out, and I am going to make bouquets—ever so many of them.” “So am I, too,” said Gertrude as she rearranged the rather heavy train to the morning gown of Queen Victoria, who had taken a sudden and unqueeniy tumble from her bark throne near the foot of the apple tree. Then after a moment's silence. “Uncle Jack says that people are apt to forget poor soldiers on Decoration Day—soldiers who are buried in potter’s field, I believe that is what it is called. Uncle Jack says that people fairly shower blossoms on the graves of their friends, and sometimes the friendless soldiers in potter’s field are not remembered even by one flower. Uncle Jack was in the war and—lie knows.” It really does seem sometimes that the true meaning of the day is forgotten. The hallowed spot where a noble hero has found a resting place in potter's field, is often only marked by a flag. On one day out of the 365 days of the year our

THEN AND NOW. fww

The night was coming on apace: I The guns had censed their sullen roar And like a veil on nature's face The dun-clouds spread the drear scene o'er. The drifting rain fell ceaseless, chill The night wind searched the half-clad men; The ghostly pinedump on the hill Moaned dirge like, paused ami moaned again. And stood to arms the rear-guard there As silent as the stricken dead; While from the line with cautious cart' Battalions to the rearward sped. No tent nor blanket there was found; Tin* weary rear-guard one by one, Dropped prone upon the rain drem lied ground । v .. ; .. . ...... I flowers ought to be given unreservedly to honor the memory of brave soldiers, know n or unknown. The housekeeping duties proceeded un- ' der the apple tree. Finally Gertrude said I in a burst of childish patriotism. "I won- i ! dor if we couldn't put our flowers <m the ; I graves of poor soldiers this year?’’ t That was a happy thought. Ami the । ; two maidens put their two heads together, i and after an interested discussion of the • I plan it was decided 'hat they should get j ! till the boys and girls in the neighborhood , I to help them. I It is to be feared that the royal family । | wont hungry that day. for Gertrude ami ' | Neith suddenly hurried oft to till their; little neighbor friends of their plan to re member the soldiers in porter’s field. And before nightfall the Flower Brigade as Neith named the youthful company ot flower gatherers had been formed. And such a happy time tiny all had collecting the bright blossoms. Every • body listened attentively ns the bloss.au beggars stated their mission, and Miss Tuttles, who was never known to ginaway one of her precious flowers, actually ' gave flte children n big Immh of yellow roses. And heaps of red roses and purple lilacs ami white peonies and blue violets ; in fact, every kind of flower that grow s in the little town soon tilled the baskets i I full to overflowing.

Then the evening 1. r,.,. 1. .ration 1 Day the Flower Brigade gathered under 1 the same apple tree where Gertrude ami I Neith first thought, of the happy idea, and | busy little fingers arranged into pretty I clusters the fragrant blossoms. Decoration Day dawned clear and sunI shiny. Every member of the Flower ' i \ ’ ! S I J' 1 %'A 4»' V» F y t IB wi w ¥l' COXCEPTION OF THE FLOWER Hi: p, A I>E. Brigade was up bright and early to prepare for the march in the afternoon. Finally the hour came and the old soldiers themselves did not keep prouder step to the life and drum than did the

' And slept upon the useless gun. Io front upon the shot-plowed field. The surgeons' lanterns flickered, stopped, The hasty knife or lint to wield, \\ here er the charging heroes dropped. With but a hurried glance, a touch, 1 hey pass the dead, the useless dead; Grim war has never place for such Bale victims of his steel and lead. But war is past, thank God, is past! I he better, brighter day is come. \\ hen angel Peace her spell has cast I pon the long roll of the drum. And bids it beat a cheery tune ’ Along the gii la-dressed array. Within the opening doors of June, I 'i'he closing days of festal May. happy boys and girls, as they followed the Stars and Stripes through the main street. When the pretty little cemetery w as rem Imd Gertrude's I nch' Jack, who j is a him coated veteran, led the band of i flower bearers out to potter's field. Il is indeed a neglected spot. Ami - A Mfl; - z A « •• t i sir." there were many things to make the childrea feel sad as they wound their way ' around the sunken, grass grown graves. "I mle Jack," asked Gertrude, "why j do people put pieces of broken glass and J i white shells on these grates?" "It is because they are pour people, Gertrude." was the answer. "It is the ' I only way they can show that they have i i not forgotten their dead. There are none I ; of them tut would like to do more, but ! i they hate no money to buy even the j > simplest tombstone." I'mailt they came to a neglected grave ! i over tt hieb a shabbily dressed child was j stooping. As she turned on hearing foot- j steps. Gertrude and Neith recognized one of their ]ioor st hoidmates Elsie Tnn- ' nor. "I didn’t km w Elsie’s father was a so]I dier. said one of the boys in a halfI tt hisper. "Vos. and a brave soldier be was, too. ’ I happened to know him in the war," anI stvered I m-ie Jack. The child, Elsie Tanner, was vainly i try ing to revive a Immh of wild violets । tvhi< h she had placed on the mound hat I morning. The hearts of the Flower Brigade Gere tom bed by her simple offering of I )vc, and they immediately decided to leate a double allowance of flowers on Ithis mound. In fact, the grave was liteitlly covered with an artistic arrangemen’. of blossoms. iJk W ith tearful eyes Elsie stammern out her grateful thanks and the FlowJ fcri- ■ gade. after lingering, sympathetic gjm es at the figure bending lovingly the i flower umnnd. <ontinued their Jjlgo. loir W ' V .. 1-' ' > y ■ i ' s nl , mm I in pul I was a Veritable bowerTTT Ultsoom^a^pj the Flower Brigade had completedlifOir . work. And the members were a rjfcy j < rowd of little people, you may They felt more than repaid for fm>ir work and the happiness in their )« o rta i i-mml expression in their faces. 1 . "I move that we adjourn to meet; j ay i he t wenty-ninth, ninety-six, to ga her flowers tor potter’s field," suddenly jde. e tired Gertrude, as the band was a jout to separate. " S e.-oud file motion," fairly sho ^efl Irw in \ alenline, who always agrees 4th 1 evry fldug Gertrude Tallimm says. At eight o clock in the morning, « id cr , the biggest apple tree in our back yi r d," | put in Neith Hannaman. j ’ ' , s !U nine o clock sharp,” a Ided Mo^s Levison. who always thinks^ 17^ Neith Hannaman say s is just right. , After a happy litile speech by (| vdo Jack, he stated the question and s ai<J,g All in favor of the motion say ‘aye.’ ” I And every member of the FlowerW»rigade said "ave.” ■ —® The Skull. B Anatomists to separate the bone® of a skull frequently till it with gSiaH beans and place the whole in a l^sin of water. The beans swell and s®wly ; slit, the skull. The force which ®ans 1 are capable of exerting under Wtiese I conditions is equivalent to the ay,lrage ; pressure in the boiler of a stea; Men- i gine ■ •

COMBAT WITirtOIV’ GREAT DEBATE ON THE CURRENCY QUESTION. tV. If. Harvey vs. Prof. Laughlin-For-mer Champions Free Silver, the Lutter Opposing It-Thousomls Hear the Discussion in Chicago. Silver Question Discussed. An animated and interesting debate took place in t’hicago the other night between J. Lawrence Laughlin, professor ot political economy in Hie Fuiversitv of Gh tea go, and William 11. Harvey, author of "Coin’s Financial School," upon the question whether the Vnited Si ales should at once enter upon the free coinage of sil'er at the ratio of 16 to 1, independently of the action of any other nation. Dr. Homer J. Thomas presided, ami the spacious rooms of the Illinois Ulub were crowded to suffocation. Dr. Thomas read the proposition to be discussed as follows: "Resolved, that the Vnited States should at once enter upon free coinage of silver at a ratio of 16 to 1, independently of the action of any other mifG""." Harvey, it was stated, would speak for an hour in the nflirinntivc and 1 rof. Knugjhlin an hom* and n half in th<t negative, Harvey then having thirty minutes for rejoinder. Both men were liberally applauded. In opening for the ftftirmatlve, Harvey said: "The first reason why I am in favor of independent action by this country Is that we should not be subjected to the intbienves of the governments of Europe When our forefathers declared tlie’r independence from Europe, it was to fro,, themselves of the Class legislation of those uov> rnments. Justly termed phltonrm'ies. If the people om re . dueed to poverty mid the prosperity of the Vnited States me be ruined by l-. ii ging to the fluanclnl policy of Europe, then we can be reduced to the smne conditions by financial legislation as a war conquest would reduce us. If we are right, nod our friends, the mono-metallists mostly sny ‘We admit bl-metallism Would be good, it we could get Internatlona 1 bVmetrliism in oilier words, they agree that there Is something radically wrong, but <-lnlm that we are tied to the financial policy of Europe, so, that if there was a war of conquest in t Ills country by the monarchies of Europe. Ie s' form of 0,, v . eminent Is dffTerem from mrs. It would re due,' us to a condition th.at the people of those governments are In. and they can aeeompllMh the sium pnrisw by ’lmim-lul legislation. then there is uv. esdiy f >r independent action. Where there Is necessity, there Is n remedy The government ;of Europe are ]diit<>er:ica’.s. They squeeze 'lie lemon fop the prople about m, rv so often A few control class legislation ami the masses are the hewers i f wood an 1 ’lie drawers of water for the titled few. Like the farmer who goes out ami robs the bee’s nest, they rob the people mol then give them time to till the best again before going out to rob It ngnln. Wo have <s*rtainw m-t forgotten hisl tory giving re , «>n.s why ,m- fm-efatJuTs established this government and that was the reason. "Now ns tinnm ial -da’cm ;. one of tin* classes of class I- glslatl -n by which ninny are robbed ami a few arc enriched, then It is one of tiie ins’itmloiis ,f : ?.• European got ,'rmm'Hts that we ns ■ miHon should declare our indopendem o .f That Is the first reason whv tndendenpent nnam Ini action nhonld b. taken by the Vnited States If they say ‘We m ist have the same money they have In order to curry on business with them.’ my reply Is. ‘that the biggest business we i ier c.i ;|od on with the balance of the world, nod pirtb- .mrlv wbh Europe, was the time when they lial sliver ns a money and we Imd neither ' "This nation mu linve nr, Imlepcndent financial aystem witlu ■ nny refen n e «imt- . .■ r '• ' ■ ' ' .n tarry on its own common e by ocean and by land with the other g " ••rnnomts f the world notwhhst Hiding We do not now settie our br.lnmes wpb r • m »“ •"t" except < Ml !■ 4c . Cl. .I. >.u »>1 Hie mid by w eight. I >ur coinage )m s nothing to d» w ith it. I'rim irlly the bidnmes of trade life -wttled by trade ; We give them rair w ! oa‘ ami wo take their silks and the bnlam'e th a' sc may owe them or they may owe us will bo - tti.- i just as merchants between importing points may agree to settle it They can settle It In gdd for so much per p< :my weight as measured In the money of either country or our conn- . try. or hi • much sliver or so much copper. I or so much of any other merehajnll.se may j be agreed upon between them ill their trade relations. Tin re is no such thing r.s an In- i I termitmn.nl money I ••What wo are contending for Is the open- I Ing of the mints to free • linage of silver I (thev arc * "iv open to free and unlimited j coinage of gold and h.a o mur closed ’ i to that llieta'i. and e-iablishment of biI ftwtalTsm on tlw-e -emd" and fixed prin- ' elides that wore adopted by those statesmen | j who luol in view - the or st. of ns class, but of all the people What wo want is bi- I I metallism. Am! selcmiile bim- talllsm Is this •‘l. Free and nn'imited .-ilnage of both i I gobi and silver; these two wcials to constl- i I tute the primary or redemption money of I the go,, rnment “2. The slher d.ili.ir J 371 grains of pure i silver to be the unit of taim' and gold to be । coined Into money and the ratio to bo ' changed If noce--a:y from time to time, if i commercial parity to legal ratio shall be j affected by the action of foreign countries. "3. 'i'he momy coined from both metals to be legal tender in the payment of all debts. "4. The option ns to which of the two moneys is t< be paid in li piidation of debt to res' with the debtor, and the g 'Vornnomt also to exercise that option when desirable ! when paying om redemption money.” Harvey closed as follow- "This is n question of capital on one side .and humanity on I the other. Os sound, the smnd of the clod on the coffin, on one side and sound money, ; the sound that has an l.onesf --ring of the ; people's money in it. on the other side. It is a question of an English policy or an 1 American policy- Whi h shall it be?” Prof. Laughlin’s Argument. Prof. Laughlin, replying for the negative, said in part: "There is no need of an amount of money equal to all the goods In existence. i'he mea-'ir' of \.)kio is that in • which the prices are stated and debts nre ■ paid, provided the measure fs also the legal I tender in any eonntry. 11, is evident that the quantity of measures is not so material as the unvarying stability of the standard. .mcu.ssiiy i t an increasing quantity of mdhey is growing less important with the development ot the system of exchanges. From 1)2 to 95 per cent, of the transactions are performed by this machinery without the use of money and investigations by the comptroller of the currency show that 54 per cent, of the retail transactions are similarly performed without the use of the money. "But some one might say that this vast system must, be liquidated in actual coin and money, so our business system rests like an Inverted pyramid or a vortex on a small reserve of coin. This is wholly untrue. We express the vabie of go, is in terms of money, but then wc realiy exclimige them almost entirely by means o'’ a deposit of currency. It is not. trm that tbl.-. system is unstable like the inverted pyramid. Checks and deposits are not reason for the existence of a I transaction. The redemption is ultimately in goods, not coin. Coin is only' the moans of going from cm < I of goods to another. "The prices since hmc not fallen because <>f lack of money. Silver inis fallen about 50 per cent., compared with the verymodest fall In the price of commodities. Silver does not have the same purchasing I price as in 1 k 73 lienee free coinage cani not be urged as a just means of paying a debt. More so-called redemplion money, by tlic amount of $1 ."'.C.ooo.iiuo i.; in existence tmday compared with 157.3, and yet prices have 'fallen awl silver still wore. Prices unmistakably have fallen because of the cheapened cost ot proi 1 ucl ion, Sint e wo undertook the purchase of silver in 1878 it has fallen nearly one-half in value although we have purchased about Bt>tM),(HX)JK)O worth. It Is perfectly evident there is no use in the United States acting alone to bolster up the price of silver when we have failed even in I concert with the Latin union. Free coinage I of silver at If, to 1 means a single silver 1 standard or silver monometallism. To-day i the market ratio between gold and silver is ; nearly 34 to 1. If we had free coinage there ' would be a premium of nearly eighteen ; ounces of silver on the withdrawing of every I bunco of gobi In circulation. Free coinI age of silver under such conditionss as • exist to-day would mean the Immediate

th? quantity o?i il '’innnutlon of Os s’l I ver is In'th s ,"PP <)f ' e,l P"»t free coinage ' public dUwn^nna^^tt^ 'Vo “trick or sophistry can make the sealing o^ a debt ing ne Wero yl f| ll,lg ,llt,holl< '«ty und cheat- ’’ ■!<*<* coliingo to iKiss it inonna veßmr V |'n y i de|,OS,t ^''"k's bank, every in’ \L N । ln ''um associations, every holder of ouid mn'"*;?' I “ v, ; ry of pensiU. would hate their dues reduced one half ds scheme not r* 01 ;? ‘ n somellli,1 S behind ’this llo ^ 1 eally discovered? n iinm. l ’ I r . opoHnl f°r free coinage is in truth of the Lu, S i e l boln ln ,hp Private offices fe,ii.v i. i'i r kl "F H ’ > n, r«ed by speculators, an 1 r. iT' HU , re i,M thel 'e is honesty V lO Am erican heart, it will die or. VO W . ’’"‘led In the same ignoiuinons fl f'\ "herein now Iles the forgotten infant, once famous ns the Hag Babv. Free HfeI’,' 1 ’ , ' B ° S Broenl,a cklßm galvanized into < ontrary to the expected arrangement, the time for tho rejoinder was divided into three parts between Harvey ami Laughlin. This splitting up of the time resulted in the rejoinders being more in the nature of chaffing each other than serious argument. The meeting did not adjourn until after midnight. CHICAGO’S NEW PARKHURST. . I' 4 v ' John Ruslc, I’li. I)., SniaolicH Reductive Slot MnchincH. i- T lr v ’. ,ohn u « s k. Ph. D„ pastor of the < h m‘ , T’ I V ‘ ”"byte. inn Church, t m< ago, is the youngest mid most virile , of that city's reformers. He is tho presi dent of the Society for the Prevention ol ('rime. In his capacity as president he has visited many of the plague spots ot the city. His discourses upon such evils, ami while working to suppress them is active in ameliorating the condition of those not beyond the reach of help. Ho is now engaged in fighting the places which have the niekel-in-the-slot machines ami is meeting with good success. Dr. Rusk, fortified with the necessary papers am! attended by the officers of the law, invaded a place where a number of machines were in operation, seized the first one he came to and boldly marched out with it. All the machines in the place / 1 ! | BBV. JOHN 111 SK. [ were confiscated, ami great excitement j wns created among owners of places । where these devices are used. In an interview the doctor said: "Then' are upward of iD.iXM) slot maehims in t'hieago. 1 have had figures compiled as to their probable revenue, and find that tho sum ,q Soii.iHM) daily goes into the little slots. This enormous sum of money comes out of the pockets of people who can ill afford to lose it, and is aver;,- considerable in- • cue to the men who operme the mn--1 rhino.” The do, tor is an (>hio man. and 38 years ; <>f age. Like many other distinguished paipitarams, he has a great variety of : q> । -. go-pel.philosophy, theology, history ami lie is conseimitious in Id - humani'itrianism, reaching far beyond mere denominational lines. Sometimes he । shocks his congregation by a lack of or- । thodoxy, and the ultra, conservative ele- ; incut have made several attempts to dc- ! pose him. 1 HE CASE CF MEADE. — Insubordination Is Said to Exist in the Navy to an Alarming Degree. It seems probable that the issue be- ' twe -n the Nav.v Department and zVd- ; miral Meade, growing out of remarks of

the latter in a public interview’ reflecting upon the administration, will become a celebrated case in our naval annals. .The admiral has been retired from command, with a year's leave of ababsence, at his own request, and it was

U ' i 5 ;w p g 1 c ADMIRAL MEADF

subsequent to the i granting of this that the interview con- ! taming the objectionable remarks was I published. The naval regulations expressly f >rbid officers from discussing public matters through the press or from criticising or ! commenting upon the acts and policy of I those in authority. The duty of officers, | both in the navy and the army, is to obey ' orders unquestioningly and to refrain ■ from criticism upon their superiors. It ■ would seem that these regulations were violated by Admiral Meade and surprise has beeu expressed in naval circles that an officer of Admit al Meade’s rank and experience, entirely familiar, of course, with the regulations, should have committed so grave an infraction of them and manifested such a spirit of insubordination. Secretary Herbert, in speaking of the matter the other day, stated that the President was shocked at the recent prevalence of insubordination among naval officers. At no time for thirty-five years, it is said, have there been so many cases of this character. The Secretary said that there were more indictments pending now against naval officers for offenses against the discipline and good order of the navy than at any time since before the civil war. Naming Children in Germany. In some provinces of the German empire there is an old decree in force forbidding the giving of names not found in the calendar of saints or taken from ancient history. An English gentleman writes to the London News, saying that while in Germany he wished to have his son baptized Francis, but was prevented by the authorities on the abovenamed grounds. He explained that Francis is short for Franciskus, which is in the German calendar, and that Sir Francis Drake and Francis Bacon might be regarded as belonging to ancient history. But no attention was paid to this plea. He finally appealed to the courts, but the case was decided against him, and he will have to pay a fine or be sent to prison.

INCOME TAX INVALID. SUPREME COURT DECLARES ITi UNCONSTITUTIONAL. Decision Goes Much Further than rrevioua Une Full Bench Present When Opinion Is Read-Jackson, Harlan, Brown and White Favor the Act. AV hole Law Knocked Ont. In the judgment of the Stqireme Court that portion of tho revenue law of 1594 relating to the ta.x on incomes is "inoperative. void and unconstitutional.” In arriving at this conclusion the court took tho View that, while some seclions of the Jaw might be constitutional if taken 1)p separately. Hi,. ]. nv was S(( tl . anif . (l )hat jt could not be considered equitably excepting as a whole. In tin opinion of the court Congress would not have enacted the law- if it had supposed that that portmp of it relating to incomes on real estate and bonds would be dceJared uneonstitu- < tional, while those sections imposing a tax on business, franchises and privileges ; would be held to be validi and enforceable. It was clearly not the purpose of Coin gross to levy a tax on oc upations, pro- , Imimis ami other forms of enterprise and _ moor, and to exempt real estate and bonds. ® iUll'. and n H !.? unanimous in the com Insiou that to tax o income from real estate and municipal and State bonds was unconstitutional there ( would be a manifest injustice in upholding s the law in part and declaring it invalid j in part. 0 Tho vote resulted: Five against the cons stitutionality of the law to four for the s law. Those against tiie law were Chief Justice Fuller and Justices Field, Gray, s Brewer and Shiras; for the law. Justices । Harlan. White, Brown and Jackson., ’ Chief Justice Fuller read the opinion and, f the conclusions of the l court are as folt lows: ! 9 1. M e adhere to the opinion already announced that taxes on real estate being in-' disputably direct taxes; taxes on the rental or income of real estat • are equally direct taxes. • 2. We are of the opinion that taxes on, personal property or on the income of personal property are likewise direct taxes. 1 . 3. The tax imposed by sections 27 to 37,i inclusive, of the act of IS’H, so far as it falls on the income of real estate and on-' personal property, being a direct tax within the meaning of the constitution and; therefore unconstitu! omil and void, because not apportioned! according to reprej sentation, all those sections constituting one entire scheme of taxation are neces-’ sarily invalid. The decrees hereinbefore entered in this court will be vacated The decrees below l will be reversed and the cases remanded; with instructions to grant the relief pravc ed. J Sections 27 to 37 of the tariff act. of 1894, referred to in ti e conclusions of the court in the opinions, are all the sections of the act relating to the income tax, so 1 that the entire income tax law is declared ’ void specifically. [ OUR POSTAL SERVICE. A Coni parison of Pustoßices Here and It costs the people of the United States * about .S6.) mM).(MM) a year to maintain the ' postal service. No other country in the ■ world has so large a deficiency in postal, revenues. England makes .SI3,S(H)JMMJi 1 from it every year. France makes a pro--1 fit of SDJMMIJMMI. Germany's profit is ' more than SS,(HM>JH)(I Twenty of the countries of the Postal Union have surpluses ami fourteen of them have deficiencies. The Argent tie Republic loses s2,<}<M).o<X) a year; Russia, SI.7SOJHX>; Canada. SSBOJXM>, an 1 Japan. Queensland, Bulgaria. Salvador. Uruguay. NewSouth Wales, Siam. Luxemburg, Greece and Bolivia pay smaller sums for the con-| venience of those wh< w rite letters and! those who receive them. The Post Office Department of the. United States employs 17.8.835 workers. Germany conies second with 155,424;Great Britain third, with 131,459; France fourth, with 57,828. The United States, with limited free collection and delivery, has an average of less than one letter box to each post office. Only 610 of the post offices in the United States have free delivery—less than one per cent. Germany has an average of three letter boxes to each post office, and . France, with her 7.369 post offices, has 61.609 letter boxes. There is a very remarkable difference in the character of the , accommodations given in these countries. The number of letter boxes in the United States is 53.556; in Germany, 92,202; in ' Great Britain, 44.697, or more than two , to each office; in British India, 31,842. But । Japan makes a remarkable showing in this particular. There are only 3.776 post offices in Japan, but there are 31.243 letter boxes to receive the mail for these offices, an average of more than eight toeach office. 'l’he whole number of letter boxes in use in the world is 424,247. But the real value of a postal shown largely by ths number of post flees in proportion to the population, or the area covered. And here the United States falls short. Switzerland has a post office to every 4.7 square miles of . territory, and Queensland has a post, ' office for every 42S inhabitants. Those are the leaders in these two classes. The. United States holds the fifteenth place in ’ the list of post offices in proportion to area, and the seventh place in the list of post offices in proportion to population. There । is a post office in this country to every 581a > square miles, and a post office to every 923 [ inhabitants. , In the sending and receiving of foreign mail Germany comes first and the United States second. Germany receives 69,OGOJMtO foreign letters, 13.909.000 foreign postal cards. 25.750.01)0 prints and commercial papers and 3,750.000 samples ever.v year. Tho United States receives ol.oOO.iMM) letters. 2.2.50,000 postal cards, 44,250,000 papers and 750,V00 samples every year. A Texan attended a theatrical performance in St. Joseph. Mo., the other night and dropped dead in his seat. The “living pieture” craze has gone just far enough now. A correspondent writ-3 that “the “Riviera is part hospital and part hell." American tourists, it may be added, do not go there as a rule for hospital treatment. The authorities of South Dakota are still taking steps to apprehend Treasurer Taylor. When last heard from Taylor himself was also taking steps.