St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 19, Number 31, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 17 February 1894 — Page 2

L R L T T N ! SEEN (N A NEW LIGHT. UNFAMILIAR CHAPTER IN WASHiNGTON’S HISTORY. B i hvldem-e of More than Creditable Shrewdness in a Real Estate Deal—The Pres - dent’s Questionable Purchase of Land in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, George as a Speculator, And they went Washington mad! By “they” the people of Perryopolis, 8 " little town in the backwoods of Faycite County, Peausylvania, are meant. How the accident of calling tho place Perryopolis ever ocetiired no one can tell. Because, perhaps, the godfathers wero afterwar i ashamed of | the awful mistake they had made. But | those who cume later tried hard to rectify the error. They have fairly boggared the resources of the name in their efferts to perpetuate it. First, they fashioned the plan of the ! town after that of the Capital City, because it was named after their patron saint. Tue centra! partis an octagon- _ Bhaped public square, covering an acre and a half. Two main streetscro:s the square at right angle: and bo. tween the streets arve two mle{s. runping émgmwll; - The square is thus - the exact focusing {Jfiififiggf eight thor‘pughfares, radiating from it like whi elspokes from the hub. The earliest inhabitants built their houses around the sguare; then along the avenues, When it beecame neces=sary to lay out a cross street it took the form of u cirele, completely suwrroundlng the square and making of each block a sort of trapezoid. Then as the

| S S R egt | CrSNy | SRSy S s g ) | s O SR 5 é N ?' / g se, [ 452 | RN \\ / / 71/ /] Ab?fl"}f fA Nl Lo LA | AN Wl £ L /Y (WY Nl IR 3] 2o\ { \‘\'\i‘-"? oro U2o N BN\ g e gl ~E" r& Wz ffik’ Ve N -—— == — =1 =N l WLR Y MW C VT =" = -e WQ- W=~ | 27 | YRNBy L R N P e e e ” ‘ | EK' siz‘“fi*;h" ‘vfflj(;@_f_; : =l=H‘ vt £l =i i O RN 6t e SR e e A g 1 Gl § DRI AR YA v—— B I Mes . ATHE EY g\k\\\&‘?” WS . -1‘;3“:-::;*::?“.' e |! ¥oA ‘fif A , :‘;"'.'.': ‘."‘\.f'.’h 4= = i _&"/: :\\Rs\_ |= R X \:&? ~\: £ j,';"".l" t | o L A c Z NN ]Y Y Jod Y | '7 a7 K A=) ‘N} WAsLR RN 5 y.~ ‘:3;/ it iy = [ : {:;; {x gl' ‘\"4:-‘ ; .:,_1( ~*‘, ‘ A-(} ’is 5 “y .: i e, i/ Zf‘)f :{ = oDlo7 A, ,\r’gf .’-‘y = 1 wEemmae Y S [t == ["he g MY o | e) 2 X T ia TEANERE L v |\ i g AT = i <BB .fifi -|| = . S | : WASHINGTON'S MILL, 120 YEARS OLD AND STILL IN USE l

{ears wore on another cross street of he same kind was zdded and then another, FTheu the christeners had an inning. They called the publie square, or rather octagon, “Wa-hington square,” and the muin street that intersected it “Washington street.” Os course an nlley i 3 not a street, so “Washington alley,” as they named one of the naerower ways, did not conflict with t e other. 'f‘f}he site of the town and all the surrounding country generally was named “Washington's Meadows,” and the little stream which flowed through all this lovely land from the low hilis to the southeast was “Washington's . Run.” Part.of its course lay along ~ “Washington’s Bottoms,” and it fell as “Washington's Falls” over a great ledge of rock a short distance north of the town and set tho wheels going in “Washingtou's Mill” to make “Washinuton tlour.” Liverything entitled to a name had and has “Washington” tacked onto it. The family that failed to get in the aane of Washiuot nsomewhere in the naming of the lirst offspring was subje -ted to a sort of sccial ostracism by i’ceu';,x:p()!it.;mfl soeiety. ILater editions | of the same family were not sub 'ected to suvn conditions, but as regards the tivst the rule wa: invariab'd. In fact “*Washington” is a sort of generie title for everything, animate or inanimate, | {n or about Perryopolis. | How did it all come about? One must go back a geod distance into history to get at the starting point of tho story. July @it will be 13 years since what a certain popular writer would term “a gcod tight” took place between

| - i o _— fi:\ o - l i -~ W e x - Yo i | 24, 2eER i1 o s . 'y gfi":fi», s M e, S | |R N N [ ‘ ,é‘f 2 ] :’ '”.4’sl,_ rkf‘ ’_’2\%;‘:“" ‘)? L;’-\, kg = %‘v ’;‘.‘r(, :7‘, i_(,"::‘j ‘_—;‘; ' BT 5L T e T eeySl || R i - _:,-—:fi.‘_‘ 6'/‘é r&"f’ ? g Ri'Gll<— < %aio ("i‘ pe _‘fi % :).“\."‘é’;.:{, & .\; =7 | F AN 5 “ A\ Wek Xi‘S ST A Ei o | «f% CTAUL A OMR T D2\ R I %{3:'~»--—-:‘"‘ S ; .__:‘::;s o ’—f‘"';:' == ; e : 'j _5;":""3’ ' I ; s. e = T e L e —_— > e G % e == : "~ WASHINGTON :QUARE PERR)YOTOLIS

o ’E‘nglishmen on the one side and French | ~ and In ‘on the other on the banks “gi_tllfi.mngah‘fla, Rivery-in- -Pennsylvania, only a few miles from its! mouth. t Among a group that surrounded Gen. Bradd-ck as be lay mortally wounded | was Col. George Washington. Frevious to this hour Braddock would not ‘ listen to Washington’s profierel ad- | vice recarding the prorer method to cope with redskin warfare. Now, inl this bitter moment, he sought it. Evening was close at hand when, as the result of that consultation, Washington mounted his horse and galloped swiftly up the river with dispatches for Gen. Dunbar. Three miles away he wis joined by two soldiers, Night came, and with it the storm that usually follows the battle. But the riders kepnt on. Through dark, gloomy for- | ests, across streams, and up and down | m untains. Sometimes they noted | their way by the fitful flashes of lightning; again they felt their way along ‘ by hand. Sick, sad and oppresse thiough he was, Washington cared lit- i tle for obstacles if progress could be made. At daybreak the sun-ln-(flnudsl passed away, {,Jut it was not until the gun shot his first golden spear across | the hill-tops that the messenger: drew rein for the first rest in all that long, wearisome journey. A fair scene was that upon which "Washington gazed that morning. A wide table land it was resting on the | nLTI tops. Flat almost as a board, covered with rich grass, and here and there a clump of trees growing along p stream of pure, delightful spring

water fl wing ovo ' a bed -of sParkling * | white sand. The whole inzlosed on thres sides by still greater heights, and ont! e other sloping to a lovely | river, the Youghiogheny. It was as pretty a laidscape as cne could wish to look upon. With all his cares Washington did .| nct fail to observe the attractive surroundings. He took careful note of its | advantazes. It had many: but, first of] all, 16 was an ideal location for a “plan- | tat'on,” as they called the farm in those days. The future head of this great Nation was bul twenty-three years of age at that time, but he knew the value of the land. Thereforo ha did not allow that splendid pie e of Fayette County land "tn gv out of his rceillection, though | years intervened be'ore he had op- | portunity to carry out his schemes | concerning it. Through all the in- [ tere Ling periods following the Braddcock episode that “Fr.mised Land” wa: kept in his mind's eye. A do en [ Yea s later hischance came. He wrote t) his o'd friend, Capt. William Crawford of Stewart's Crossings, now New Haven, as follows: ' “I then de ired the favor of you (as I understool rights might row be had for the lands which have fa'len within I tho Pennsylvania line) to look mo out la track of about 1,500, 2,000, or more acres scmewhere in your neighborhood, meaning ouly by this that it may be oontiguous 0 your own eeiiT e as such a body of good land can found.” FFew of those people wl)o revere the [ memory of our first President will be- | lieve that one formed in so fine a mold | was ready and willing t) transgress a | law for his own private gain, yet the | continuation of this same letter shows ' that he was not averse to deing so, or i

engaging in any of the petty trivkm-yl of a common real estate jobber whcni his own personal ends were concerned. Here is the evidence: “It is ]H)Ssihlu..{ but I do not know that it really is the ; case, that the custom in Pennsylvania will not admit so large a quantity of | land as 1 require to be entered togeth- ; er; if so. this may ke arranged by mak- | ing several entries to the swme amount | if the cxyenses of doing it are not too heavy.” l He does nrt say exactly how the entries were to be made, and we have no information how Crawford went about the business. It is known, however, | that on the opening of the land office | | of the proprietaries for the sa'e of land | west op the menntains, A;ufld,,a% piece of land called “The Meadows, | amounting to 323 acres, was transferced to George Washingt 'n; another pieeco of like amoun', or thereadouts, calied “The Forks,® went to John Augnsta {Augu tine) Washington: another called “Bear Hills” to Lawrence Washington; “Deer Rang - = 332 acres, to i Thomas Jones: “"CrabYi .ee Run,” 330 acres, to John Paty: “Spring Run,” 231 | acres, to William Athel: and “l"i:.!t,"l 318 acres. to John Bishop. No further | transactions are recoried, but the re- | ports of the General's exectuors in JRol 1 | showed that they Lelonged to him. | Be that as it may, imme Liately Washington 1@ ured posses:ion he set about | improving tho place. He sent work- | [ingnu:n to build hou-es and a miil, and | { slaves to work on the plantation. Ho- ! mains of some of those improvements | still exist. The visitor to Perryopolis {who makes his way frém Layton Stai tion on the Youghilogheny railrcad will

see the flour mill Washington built m»mmwmthe stino-condibion it was when it left his. hands more than a century aro.” 1t is located in a ravine near the town, and the machinery is still put in motion by water-power derived from Washington Itun, which here makes its way down a steep declivity. A family named Smith are the present ownevs. They pride themeselves greatly on its poszsession, as well as from the fact that 3t has been in their hands ever since it pas:zed from the control of the original proprietor. Probably it was the construection of this building that first wearied Washington of his bargain. He always liked the place, and spent considerable time thore, residing the while with Colonel Simpson, his overseer or superintendent. But before it was finished that mill cost him a lot of money. Although commenced in 1774, several years elapsed before it was finally completed. ’l\'us« oner was the work fairly commenced than the Indians would become troublesome, the laborrers would get ifz'jg}.tuucd. and shortly de:ert to the protection of o!d Redstene fort, a few l miles away. Bloekhouses were built in ; the vicinity of the mill in the hope that they would rely on them for protection in case of attack, but the first fresh atrocity of the redskins, who were continually raiding the froutiers, at that time, would create a new pan:c. In a few minutes the whole force would ' have disappeared and not be heard of again until the fort was reached. Valentine Crawford, who had succeeded his brother as Washington's agent, wrote about this time: “I consider it a

n - RS SR ,h‘_:&w : fi*‘. et LA R | pity that the mill was e yié iciin In these times,” ' .=oil S s {)ose of the whole business, The pevoutionarg war, t!len still go Y%'& vented him from giving it the stten. . ; %‘i& tention it demanded, 80 that it was 1o til 1789 that he succeeded in leasing it to Col. Isaac Shreve, one B O SR oS R : SO e - . Vi s R b AT 7 47 L véw iy b SR N g ' B TN 7 8- N, A= P — N :’;x:._._, T TSN A v'.;‘ N i w—— ks N ;‘t_fl:}-,' B L - L 8 k : ; A 758 | = P N T TR W M;{_— \ L TR T |t s o e, -7 g " AL, D N TR ST NG oY (’:‘é’",‘ ‘&:\‘\\ ey 1 2 iRN £ olp ke et Shil. IR i IS 7gl Tel s N i1 AR | S 3 ll' Avarss RN vel T AR R e L e{ RGE AW RTI = a""(\‘ e L e e 4:":‘-.‘ q—;:«"‘v::-:‘_m ',‘ ‘f:‘-“fl;‘ e g e pra Tt i e, e- et 2 ‘(,-‘ . s SR Hheß . THE AEANCONED GLASS-HOUSH:§ army comiale . who finally bought it | outr ont in iitd S The. e is Lardiy any doubt bhaty with . Sy fyee be Tl - SN i S propr transportiasioa {.cilities, Wash- | ington’s fumou; &l.z;‘t.-.x.tge nwouldge Ly | his judgment. 1t isgls SR 1 it capaid g o oA T SR Ko, | g R Lt hWA A s | | o sl A_,;”Q”VNV ,x'y, M ‘l‘7_& '{l’”’ . ».1::""' bank-{() o »,-, L FlO ‘\"s“y.'i::‘d : the ! X A TI g el e R eL) kind that a glosi maufaciurer Wants, crop up everywhe.e. Abous the beg nning of the cuiiuly a glass-house was built, which was kepe in continnous operation up to within a score of yea s ago, when the ciradvantageous situation rendered competition with o‘her work of the kind out of the guestion, notwithstandiny the abundant sand | stores that it could draw upon so freely | if it chose. i ] WASHINGTON’'S SHAVING MUG. i S 1 | A Treasure Unearthed in a Connseticut 1 Farm-Honse, t E. A. Housman, of Danbury, Conn , | . . - | & collector of Amoricana, has a rich i}l o He was born in the old housfi~ |on Teeason hill, near Haverstraw, | | where ajor Andre and Benedict l Arnold met. The house is in the Pos- { session of the Housman tamily still, i % Aaron burr studied law there, and | | during tie revelutionary war it Wa.é! t Gen. Wavne's head jnarters. George i Washington stopped there four nighta, i Three months ago Mr., Hotiman was | visiting his brother-in-law at Haver- | straw, e found himself in the &ttic { of the old house on Treason hill mmi | day during his vi-it, and he poked and 3 rummagea arcuad the ninr&t‘\' crannies | and corners that had been ransacked ; for their treasures a hundred times | | by antiguaries fully as enthusiastic as 2 he. Fortune favored his persistence, | | according to the New York Warld, | and between a couple of rafters, away | i cown under the eaves of the roof, Me. | Housman found a rare lot. There were : { ancient almanacs and an old oil lamp, | { but, most Precious of all, a pewter cup; i 7 ' . e | : »/‘ \\ B ’ | gl § | - o eSR B F ] | . 4 - 3 7 : A X ."; 4 4 ‘e 18 Ly s Ll | 'M) 3 ee, Lo & }/ : SASB P T \a ?/m uth! W i o ; I iy D . e i \“*—mi;:‘. s k 5 ! | o AN i\i R i i \ Sy > i 4/:“ N ; E LN NS | \ NN > ] : w 8 {e7 } : { . = -e ; j,,'.:.f . - ‘ — g ', WASHINGTON'S EWAVING MI'Q ; and a co & Now York nowspaper | over onoe | b veurs old, The séup as & hundio a va: evidently used as & =ha ir 14 Thore s a ‘p«'u:‘i}' ' executod t oo e side and under- | 1 G‘j_».' inseriptl i Lo ; 1779. i | Mr., Houseman believes that Wekhi i o cup behind him sfter 3 KAy ¢ tho old farmhouse, and ¢ ‘3.'.,5 it had heen lying under the eaves 6%er | | sin He took the cup to Panbyry | | &il lad 3t siiver-piatou. ’ f he newsrape was a copy of ?’xd i2\:. vy 3 ) | New York tally Gazette for Thursdsy, | g Oct. &, 1789, very yellow and very fn | | ter sting. It contains Pre:ident Wagh. | inzton’s Thanksgiving proctamatipn | and a notice of the treaty between the | | United States and the Wyandotte, U«p‘ng ! aware, Ottawa, Chippewa, l'«'vttal\\u.t‘i&i ; mic and Sac nations of Indians. ‘l‘ai | paper was published by Archibald Ms- | | Lean “at his printing office, Franklifs . Head, No, 41 Hanover square.” ‘ i Advised by Congress, l | immediatelyen .fiwwmgnf | | the death of W ashington Congre&s | & passed a resolution advising that { coming birthday of 1800 be everywhe P the occasicn of memorial gathering and that suitable sermons be preack g - Fovawany years PO S T T | were wont to mark the day. o Pebruary Twenty-second. z‘ ' As comes thy birthday, conquering shag: ; No humori-t omits | The historic little hatchet’s aid ¥ | Tosharpen up his wits. 3 | i e e e Ig The Thoughtful Boy. % i y \ \ T— ke o |B\| & N ¥ | {I W \FEE o i | AN L . o VI ; i N\ [ | X< : » i i Ll TAN e f 1§ GgER b ’ & Er I | | w 22 fi/v\vfl ; e NS oh LR i 4 | ——— ~J«g'%‘k /”"@.'\‘w "1 \!‘ o o 20l XES T N T | ! :—vl":f\\:i;:{»’é' £ }"3'?‘/\,\;s S\ ' ,‘:}""i\r{g:;"l:‘if)};yfl ] [ RN ~-*';Zr{\s;x YIEUOS [aies ; e \ls*3;-:;5“ ‘zi::’;.)k}‘f’. """\;V\N,::‘j“ ’,“ ‘ ':;;t : ¢ b _:H.\‘;:\» 0S & 7;\:‘,-:f‘,;’x I\ T A !RS \i ] u"?":“}“ //i 3 , | e /7| Y |B3 1 | e JU W B e E \'Xi“:\'!’-‘i‘?&%élg#“yi !1 / : x\(l . e W T e el ! L fi'i’ /‘ ot [ =N i 71 R | —=W Mty 4 . e s /f \‘\‘\ f o e B e ',’ / \\\\.. i *‘f“"‘—x\_,:*a"*'\ . Young America (to his father, whif has recently visited the tomb of Wash, | ington)—Why, is Washington dead? § » Father—Of course he is—along timfe [ aoo. ; Young America—Then why does h .| keep or baving birthdays? '

| ARIVAL OF NIAGARA <t & | MIGHTY WATERS HARNESSED s FOR HUMAN USES. F ~Won‘der’§xl Resources of a New Region— Vast Industries Springing Up—llow the | Missouri’s Swift Current Is Utilized—- - Young and Promlising City. Marvels of Montana, Great Falls, Mont., correspondence: It was not until the return of Lewis and Clarke from their remarkable jou_'.'ney, covering two ard a half vears, to the Pacific coust, in the first years of the century, t: at any definite knowledge was oltaired of the Falls of the Missouri. " Le ii trepid explovers spent many mon‘lks rowir g ard poling their heavy batteaux :gainst the swilt current ol th. muddy river, which became clearer as thoy le't tho blufi deyosits of the prairies and plains and neared | the falls, above which the water is as clean and pur: as its sources of supply in mouniain springs and snow. We wish our sjace would permit veprinting &‘ > long but g aphic deseriptions wiven |of this wonceriul sor.es of I‘%lls, in America’s greatest river, around which | the explorirg part; s ent noarly a ‘month, From the highe t p int of land, 860 feot above l'lack Tagle Fall, on which row sta d a smokestack 206 feet high, as promirent an ob'ect as the Washiogtonmenunest, t e top as high above the furnscos as that noble shaft, Lewis anid Clarks locked for the first time over the site of the present eity, but then temporarily occupied by a herd of buffalos, ard lator, in an encounter with a wourded ore. Lewis was cha: ed into the water opp site the town, where the rivir is 80 feet wide, and compelled to swim to the other shore. A new edition of “The Fist ry of the Explovations of Lewis and Clarke” has just been i-sved vnd » the direction of Prof. Elliot: Conves, f the tm thsonian ;lnstza;t}u:. it is @ recital of a mot im-l sortant oevent in our history, and l{vron;‘:n down to date by numweraus ’ ! foot nctes. It is dedicated as follows: | ! To the People of the CGreat West: Jefferson I ’ gave yvou the country. Lewis and Clarke | showed you the way {he rest is yonr own | gonrse of empire, tiown r the statesman who ' foresaw your Wast. Houcribie brave men who first saw vour Wst May the memory of their l glorious achievemint te vour precious heri- ! tage! Accept from wiy Leart the undying record of the beginning of all your greatness, E. C. , i Accovding to Eastern ideas of calcu- | lation, this isa v ry young city, but f i und: )‘.:”fl._‘\ it is one ol the nost prom- E § Ising in the West, anl is bearing out | { the predictions f the exploie s, that | tan important industrial city w uld | | Bpr ng up here. The (rst sett'er, Hon, | é Puris Gibson, an bonarel end still ae- ! i tive citizen of the sturdy young giant i : with cver 17,000 population, and ¢s en- . § Lousiastic ove fie fuiure a:aver, with | ! miuch now to ck up his opinfons and { :’ ;::"n;;‘mn ies, broke cround for the first : } house about ten yeurs ago. Its growth | ’\\awi w until the fivsi railway, wai ‘ Gréat Northern, teached theve four | | yowus later. Now railroads reach out | 0 UL ABl betilitberrmmnn l The reader wildl nituradly sgulre | what there iain the Narthwest to miuke ! greny States and cities. Is nt zi}isi countey In the Am in dexert the f sehool beoks used to toll xbout? Yes, | ib tho desart has since been cha ed l ;l;j-u and thither, until it i 3 no - | caield in 8108 smong ¢ lava baidsa \% “:; N renges of the Ia i, and what therve iz of il contair s borax, sal:, !:mxz i alur to mon, and Fthere i1 uch thing as tlhe "Great famerican Desert. : ' What made the clder States of this "ZA i i ore 3 . LRI CODD Y Mines 1 Wile gl;'s‘:' l.‘ ¢ No:rthern Michifgan, W (s and Minnesota was Ay iVvalls a&t. \ i { b 5 prougny I riche: to lowa and 1 \ xtract ’( corn and rve disti wishe:r Ken;t Minn sotaard th 1a WRSs, and go ; on i gt ¥. i ontans is a now State, and but liti tle knoewn, except as a grazing region i and producer of precicus metals. { Steek shipments last year exceeded "‘ A ULY x %! "..41' cattl and E?‘w.’}.v f sheep aire brought into this § state from the counti'y south as ar as ! Texas, to fatten on the ranges for { Fastern .arkets. All the conditicns here., ecrass, water and climate, are conducive to the hichest development |of physical life. The State produces | horses of larye lung power and endur- ! ance, much sought aftar by the War i Depariment for cavairy purpo:es. } l).“l 41 “-"-'&4,‘ |('i}n his horses n ,‘~:fo--2 tana hav and oats. It was too far west, | so stockimen said, toraise wheat, but a { roller flouring mill with 500 barrels daily capacity, located here, is making hich-orade tlour from native wheat, lm:fl this immediate locality supports two agricultural papers. Thos> who have not been West have little idea of the possibilities ard el tbhow room of a State like DMouatana, a segion larger than all of New.linglaud, Land then with country enough left over to include several of the Middle tates. Standing by the tall smoke stack of ithe ¢ pper smelter, we looked down o the mighty river, with its rapids and cataracts, and saw waters fall with quick descent, furnishing power to 't turn wheels to crush orves, to generate ! electricity, to grind flour, to make h-t E fires hotter, and agreed with the builder of thie marvelous wheel at the World's Fair, that where there was such enormous water power an industrial city must arise. The monthly rav-roll now exceeds $160,£00 for labor, and is to be largely increased. | The electrical cnergy possible at this point is beycnd reasonable comprehensicn. It is already used in multiform ways: To refine metals, to run machinery and sire:t cars, to cook food, and for heating purposes. Five ranges of mountains are in sicht, clothed with forests and veined with precious metals and iron, and vallevs between seamed with beds of coal. Fertile lands slope back to grassy plaing, where plowmen and stock raisLl ers afe al eady busy. All these potent || and varied resources are within boundil aries that make them tributary to a | comm~>n center, and that locationis one 'l of destiny, for men see these natural | forces, and are beginning to utilize } them. With all these things, there is | indefinable hopefulness and keen alertness in the air; every breath one draws |is & pleasure, making it inde-d a land worth living in.

In this energetic climate so conducive to longev.ty, a few of the early fur traders still linger. We remember meeting a year ago old Hugh Monroe, who spent ninety years in the Northwest, dying a few months ago at the age of 108 years, and old man Rondout, who lives forty miles east of here, is in his hundredth year, coming to what is Montana in 1835, then as unknown a region as Africa. The country and conditions give men an opportunity to disp'ay their abilities. Kobert Williams, modest and quiet, is better known in scientific circles in the Kast and the old world as an ornithologist and botanist than he is as a citizen of this citg. His collection of birds is large and rarve, and of grasses alone he has! more than cighty kinds, with flowers, ferns, ete., in large numbers, Prof. O. C. Mortson has catalcgued over 300 different kinds of metals, minerals, cres, rocks, ete., found in this region. In company with I rof. Mort:on, we to- l day visited the chief copper smelter, and saw the brown metal by car loxds ‘ and learncd that by the electrical process used in refining over 200,000 ! ounces of silver are cxtracted monthly ‘ from the copyrer output. Nine hun- | dred m=n are emyployed, and with the proposed wite and sheet coprer mills ¢ mpleted, the force will be largely increased. Along the double banks of the river for eight miles, the water everywhere can be huarnessed to wheels and turned to human use. With millions of pounds cf wool marketed here every year, it i 3 only reasonable to assumme that this will become the site of woolen mills, as it has of silver and copper smelters, With iron ore and ccal, it is natural to think that furnaces, foundries and rolling mills will spring up in clese associttion with the rlaw material. The descending grade from the gold, silver, copper and iron mines to this point, must perforce of circumsiances concentrate the smelting interests of a vast region along this available series of L‘l“:--. Cur space will not perinit us at this l!i:‘:c to say wcre aboat this interesting and ressvreciul region, and we must ¢l se with a briefl refercence to the recent discoveries mode by Pref. Scott f aml a pariy of Princeton College stu- [ dents. They found in the ‘S::!’.t‘h Hiver \Valley, south of here, whole skeletons ‘ *f the camel, rhinoceros, and other | tropical animals,comprisin rin ail forty- | twospeciesand twenty tw genera. fevt eral specimens of the thiee-tced 1 or:e were found. The remain: are petri- ’ fied, lying in indurat d clavs and pro- | truding frem the binks cr sides of the { valleys or couleos. . The Arrow Creek Bad Lands, at the fcot f the Highwood Mountains. east of Great Falls, is {an ther interesting section, fuil of | word -riful formations and abounding in | sos il shel g and remains of sea lizards { and ancieat veptile life. It is a fan- | tastic regidn, with deep cou'ees and ' rocks twisted and bent into odd and | tancifu!l bapes. A lofiy cliff exists in i this same locality, well filled with peti rified fishes. Ths Litt'e Rockies zn':d | Pear Paw Mountains are al o rich in | fossil remains. This city is the natural outtitting point for scientific, geo- | logical, sket-ning, exploring, hunting ' and fishing parties. Weo are under ob- { ligations to the « nergetic secretary of { the Board of Trade {or ]H'm‘u‘\d m‘dtt%{ i o abttanti-a, o PLuin ;?mu}i‘:wx?‘:“: will be ;!'l\'ol} t‘\') q“vin—i quiries. J. G. JONES. | FATHER OF THE INCOME TAX. i What Congressman all Says in Regard . to His Bt | ©Of all the men in Ccnoress none ‘ re:w-‘:.-","zl;‘ have a clearer view of the income tax proposition than Represen-

- - A < K '• V- i U. S. 11 ALL

| tative Hall, of { Missouri. He has i made the sub ect i thestudy of years ; and is the father { of the income tax { bill in this Conp gress. In a re- % ¢cont letter Mr. : Hall raid: T have - { baefore me an es-_ 3 timate of u num-= | ber ol persins rand bu siness | firms residing in

{ New York, Philadelphia, Boston andi i Clilcago who drew incomes to the ! ‘ amunt es 2500600 a vear. This esti-! { mate placed the number at 12,000. See ! | the immiense income that would be { cevived from this source. A writer in ' the Forum divides the people of our | Government into turee classes the rich | being 182,090 families, their wealth tbeing $43,367,000,000 averaging per i family $238,135: the mniddle class he esi tinates at 1.202,000, owning wealth to { the amount of $7,500,000, or an aver- | age of ¥6,2: 0 per family, and the last . he names as the working class, composel of 11,620,000 families, owning wealth to the amount of $11,215,000,000, | averaging =063 yer family, and under | the presecnt system of indirect taxai! tion the 11,620,000 families averaging | 068 to the family, and who represent the great iaboring mass of this Gov- | ernment, pay ¥ per cent. ol the gov- ! ernmental tax, while the 182,090 fami ilies that average $238,135 a family do | not pay more than 3 per cent. of the i governmental revenue.” : i iy e i Notes of Current Events. | WILLIAM PEGGS, horse thief, es- ' caped from the State prison at Colum- ! bus, Ohio. § JOHNSON won two and Hulse one of : of the exhibition skating races at Co- , E burg, Ont. | Mgs. COLFAX, widow of the former , l Vice President, is said to be practical- - ly renniless. | RoEBERS secured 2100 by blowing ] } open the Standard Oil Company’s safe - | at Lima, Ohio. | ALL the convicts in the Retrieve ' | plantaticn at Vela:co, Texas, forty in i number, escaped. . AN earthquake shoek lasting ten sec- .. onds was felt at Keeler, Cal., and at | Hewthorne, Nev. ! A LUTHERAN minister at Oshkosh, i Wis.. has barred out of his church all | members of labor unions. : JOHN ALLEN, a farmer, was waylaid - and killed near Riverside, Ala., by Eli -+ and onso Robinsen, negroes. | BUCK YOUXNG, a Caseyville (Ky.) mu- " | latto, charged with assault, was ' | flogged, tarred, and feathered by white | caps. :s FRANK KRAFFTS ‘mm'riod,.\lrs. Eu- | nice Greene at Providence, R. L., tocok , . her to New York, robbed her, and then ; 1 fled. .| A NEGRO robbed the Santa Fe sta- ' tion at Guthrie, 0.T., overawing the | | waiting passengers and agent with a | revolver.

i e I beiy i Wty TR £XL T, oy o o e ’FINE HORSES PERISH. OVER ONE HUNDRED BLOCDED - EQUINES CREMATED. Fire, Started Presumably by Tramps, in the Elwcod Stables, Near DeKalb, Consumes Valuable Stock—Awful Sight of Brutes Burning to Death. Loss About £30,000, About 4 o’cleek in the morning the large barn cn what is cal'ed the Lyons i Farm, telonging to W. L. Elwood, the millicnaire h rse importer of De Kalb, 111, were burned, with their entire contents. Cne hundred and forty-seven pure-bred anti high-grade Percheron 'horse; and three standard-bred trotters peri hed in the flames. The barn ‘was located just outside the city limlits, and, ihfax.-efore, beycnl the reach of the fire departirent. When discovered the upper part of the building was a mass of flames, and, althouch every effort was made t) free the imprisoned horses, not one escaped. The scene was a frightfal one. The | frenzied brutes dashed madly abous , | their fire-ridden prison, and their | sSnorts cf-agony dro vned all else. He- ; | reic efforts were made by the attaches |of the place anl those who had gath;l er:d around torescue even a few of the , | noble animals, but tono 2vail. Theex- | citement was in‘ense, and hundred. of ‘, | men and boys came to w tress the conlagration. . Bucket brigales were or- | ganized, several le:ds of hcse drazeed | out and attiched (o 2 near-by pump, . and in this way the ureven battle was i waged. The cries of the dying horses | reached the ears of tho-e being led to i sa‘ety, and that added to the pande- | menium. Several horses broke their ' | haiters and da h«d wildly through tie + throngs of speetators, but fortunately | they were reca;tured before anyone was very se iot \‘2“.' ;x:AI‘LE' d. i The damage to the Larn is estimat d at sl°l 00, The horses, which were of | the firest stcek in the ¢ vatry. are valtuzd at about the sama ficure. Cue { hundied t ns of hay which wa- stored -« in the gut ed barn was also fuel for the t laires. The orizin of the fire can nob t b ascertained positively just now, but i there i- ra'd to have been discovered I good evidence to show that the bla-e | was an incendiary ore, started by ! tramps who had been bt a few hours | before rcuted from an adjacent hay- { mow. The loss is partially covered by { Insurance. i e ‘ TRAMPS USE THE TORCH. , AL i | Two Attempts to Reduce the Huge Agri= } cultural Builiding to Ashes. { Fire has eaten ancther black hole {into the wreck «f the World's Fair. y There are men who are trying to de- ' strcy what is left of the White City i with tie torch. Twice Wedne day ‘ they atiempted to lun up the Agrii eultural Building, and it cost a hard ! fight to prevent the second attempt ‘; from being successful. For all the i gpplendid work of the fire companies, «f .:(m:\,u;n aispawen fays, the south- ; “ west corner of the Dbuilding, is ¥in rains The whole of the ; great structure is flooded and scdden. | The beaunty of the building is spoiled. { The vanda’ chose for a plcece to begin | bis work of destruction one of the ‘ great Corinti:ian columns at the south- | western corne "of the building. Care- | less teamsters had brcken and crushed : the sta’f covering of the ctlumn with

the wheels of their heavy trucks, and ma’e black holes at the base of the pillars. The incendiary celected this as an advantageous place 0 make the attempt to de-troy the bailding. A little straw or scme paper was thrown into the hole and the mateh applied. Then the. incendiary disappeared to await the result of his work. Supposably the work was done by the pestilential tramps who find the deserted ;jalaces such a convenient camping place. These vagabonds have tecn thick in the park since the Fair closed: the great fire iast month which [destroyel the peristyle iz knowa to have been started by them out of re{\n nge, and everything i dicates that ' this blaze was even more deliberately kindled. This fire has not caused a great money loss—probably $5,L00 cr less will ¢sver it all. The damage to the big, useless building can scarcely be a-counted as loss, and there were few goods within exposed .0 damage. REPEAL Bill PASSED. Sonator Stewart and the Populists Vote with the Democrais., Washington dispatch: The bill repealiag in toto all Fede:al laws regulating tho econt-ol of C ngrassional elections ha: passed -both houszs of Congie s. and on'y awa'ts the signature ¢f President Cleveland to become a law. After several wceks of discussion the Senate finally cams to a vate on the House bill, and it passed by a vote of 39 yeas to 28 npav=. Numerons amendments were presenicd by thes Republicans, but they were voted down, the Demcc:ats not even taking the itrouble to jcin in the debate on. the amendatory propositions. Senatcr Stewart, of Nevada, v« ted with the Lemocrats ¢n every propos tion. give ing as his reasons that he thcught the power of the executive was already too great and that the centra izing tendency of the age should te checked at once if the republic is to survive. The three Populists—Senatcrs Allen, Kyle t and Pefler—also voted with the Democrat: on every amendment, as well as on the main bill. The measure as it pas;ed the Senate is identical with ! the bill as it pasted the House, no committee amendments Lhaving been proposed. S JUDGE J. W. PROCTOR. of Glenwcod, Fla., was married to Mi s Elizabeth Maddcek, ¢f Athens, Ga. They had couried by eccrresponderc> and had never seen each other belfore. A DEFICIENCY appropriation of $400,l 900 for the expenses of United States courts is being considered by the ']j(msc Apvropriation Cemmittee and will probably te granted. ' SHERIFF HAMILTON DICKSON was killed near Wharton, Texrs, by Braddock, the murderer of Con- tab'e Townsend. Braddock was at once shot dead by deputies. Mgrs. ELIZABETH BRYAN and Mrs. Mary J. Fowler, of Petaluma, Cal., are in jail, charged with the murder of their sister, Mrs. Nancy Meagher.