St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 19, Number 23, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 23 December 1893 — Page 2

Olife!^ Bs^l ^f^gr^-y^g^^ & is Ho^

C^J ^S^TJOw -^m?/ jgSSg» T3rrMl£KEi*\ Christmas in Bethlehem! ,What memories, what sacred traditions the ■words evoke! Where else can the least of Christmas be so sublime and divine? Where else can mortal feel himself so near to his God? Bethlehem is always crowded with strangers from every part of the world ®n Christmas Eve. They come—these pilgrims of piety or curiosity—along the romantic and singular route from Jerusalem, and spend the night iu the holy ceremonials, departing the next day. The smart merchant from Ne/zYork City elbows the Russian landlord from the" Volga or the Montenegrin with his belt filled with ancient daggers and pistols. The Turkish soldiers keep ordar with perfect good humor and with a certain contemptuous indifference which is apt to tell a little upon, the nerve of pious Occidentals, wher. they observe it for the first time. The Church of the Nativity is the goal of all there pilgrims. Certainly this is the most interesting place in Holy Land. There all the divergent Christian factions meet at a comtnon source, and there they learn tolerance of and respect for each other. The Emperor Hadrian, in the course of the second century, is said to have surrounded the pk.ee where stood the

WTOW^ (vm 1 ■ 'W ^Un^jßwr ri^W^ wiMM® W«K // /W i^'J^ THS LATIN PATRIARCH CONDUCTING THE FRENCH..CONSUL TO THE GROTTO OF^IIE~N^WUJRE. _ /

stable of the nativity with a wood sa«red to Adonis, and even bad the worship of Venus publicly celebrated Jherc. Two centuries later the pious Selena raised a church, and of the ancient stable of course nothing absolutely authentic remains. Nothing is more singular in Holy Land than the entrance to the sanctuary of the Nativity. At the end of ih© straggling hamlet the street spreads cut into an ob.ong square which opens ©fi an esplanade covered with great •tone flags. This is the “atrium” of ihe ancient basilica, in the middle of ▼hich stood the baptismal cisterns for the ablutions which the Christians of ©ld were required to practise before entering a church. A mass of white tombs walls in one side of the esplanade: on the other arises a high wall which might belong to convent or prison. A few windows dot the wall lere and there. But there are no ■igns of any door. After a little search one finds a black hole, like the entrance to a cavern, and presently he sees people creeping into It, almost on all fours. Now and then the gallant Oriental on guard will offer his hand to a lady to help her down. That is the principal entrance to the lanctuary of the Nativity. Doors were suppressed in the days when Mahommedan intolerance was greater than it Is now, and when it was necessary to wall up doors and to allow communication only with the upper stories, as the monks in iSount Sinai do nowadays. Gradually there grew up around this basilica a colony composed of the three principal sects, the orthodox Catholics, the Greeks, and the Armenians, and convents were built in such numbers ' that they overshadowed the church. The interior, however, still reserves Its ancient form. Once out of the gloomy entrance, one finds himself in -a great hall traversed by four colonnades and “surmounted by a modern roof, the beams of which appear. Here and there, at the bases of huge red monoliths, crowned with Corinthian capitals, in a framework of old mosaics on a gold background, people are kneeling or sitting squatted on their haunches; soldiers of the Sultan are peacefully patching their shabby uniforms, women are nursing their Vabcs, Franciscan and Greek monks Mb ’' .BETHLEHEM MOTHER CRADLING HER CHILD, pass talking and gesticulating, and merchants beseech you to buy oranges, rosaries, mother-of-pearl ornaments and sweetmeats. Time was when the Arabs also stabled their sheep in the sanctuary. This was due to the fanaticism of the Greek monks. Fifty years ago it pleased them to separate the nave from the choir, and thus one-half of the oldest church in the world is exposed to the vandalism cf the ignorant peasants. There is a legend that a “Sultan of Xsvpt" once tried to carry off the beau-

tiful monoliths to ornament a palaeo at Cairo. But a serpent came out and bit the first workman who laid a pickax at the columns, and the rest of the workmen refused to work. Passing Vivo sleepy Turkish soldiers v» hose guns are leaned against the wall, the pilgrim descends by circular steps to a door which opens upon a narrower staircase, at the foot of which one finds two more Turkish soldiers, in gala uniform with rifles on their shoulders. In the Manner. On the left is a niche lighted by a great number of hanging lamps. Beneath them sparkles a great silver star, fixed iu the pavement, on which is the inscription: Hie do Virgine Maria Josus Christas natus est V e are in the sacred stable. “Here Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary.” It is a grotto to-day, but the erudite say that for thousands of years grottoes have served for stables iu Palestine. The splendid gallery which extends for some distance, glistening with marble and lights, scarcely recalls the poverty and humility in which the Savior was born. Everything is in marble here, even the margin of the miraculous well which sprang into existence to slake the thirst of the Holy Family. All the sects ha\ e harmonized in the decoration of the grotto, but they are not to be trusted to agree so well in the church. The presence of the Turkish soldiers is a proof of this. Latins, Greeks, and Armenians have their boundaries well defined in the body of the church, and at Bethlehem they are prone to quarrel. There have been battles in which much blood has been shed. Each lamp in the grotto is

marked with the namo of the sect to I which it belongs. There are stairways to the grotto, one belonging to the Latins, the other to the Greeks. Not long ago the Armenians tried to enlarge their territory in the church. They spread a carpet on the flags belonging to them. Next day the carpet had encroached a little on the rival territory; the next still more. The other sects saw the trick, and in the night cut the carpet in pieces. France Presides. When Christmas come- at Bethlehem the French Consul is in his glory. France is the protectress of the Holy ///I M-JL Lc y A WOMAN OF BETHLEHEM. Places and of the Oriental Catnoiics, • and all governments in France carefully keep it up. This privilege was confirmed to France in 1882 by the Congress of Berlin. The old ceremonial, established hr ordinances of Louis XV., has been strictly maintained. The local clergy pays royal honors to the Consul of France. When he is installed a Te Deum is chanted. In the processions at Bethlehem, at the Holy Sepulchre and elsewhere the blue cushion on which he is to kneel is carried before the Consul. On Christ- ! mas Eve the French Consul comes from Jerusalem to Bethlehem to take part in the ceremonies of the sacred festival. The Turkish authorities place at his disposition a detachment of cavalry and two officers, who escort him with drawn swords. Surrounded by his eight cavoss s, on horseback, in their handsome Levantine costumes, and by his consular staff, and accompanied by the superiors • f the convents and by the pilgrims, he makes a sensation as ho arrives on the esplanade. The sheiks of Bethlehem go out to meet him, flourishing their guns, and welcome him in. There is a reception at convent, and the Turkish band sometimes play the “Marseillaise!” The Latin patriarch then arrives, and at 10 o'clock at night a pontifical mass is celebrated in “ the church. The sumptuous ornaments worn by the patriarch and his assistants on these occasions were presented by the late Marshal MacMahon, in the name of the French Republic. The first ceremony ends at midnight. A long procession, brilliant with tapers, then descend - into the grotto of the Nativity. The patriarch carries in his arms a waxen imago of the child Jesus, reclining upon pink silken cushions embroidered in gold. Before the n che of the manger the patriarch hands the “bambino” to one of his deacons and then recites the Evangel of the Nativity according to St. Luke. Until two in the morning

the psalms and songs continue, and are finished by a Te Deum. All Bethle^ hem wakes the whole night lon<r and camps, by the light of tapers, around the immense church. The spectacle is merry and picturesque when dawn breaks over this extemporized camp Such are Christmas Eve and Christmas Morn at Bethlehem CHRISTMAS IN THE COUNTRY. Where the Holiday Is Always Enthuslastically Observed*

l HRISTMAS prep^arations go on no gloss vigorously in y the country than ythey do in town, but they are less ^evident there. J Nevertheless the - spirit of Christmas is abroad there as well as in town. There are«great expeditions to the

woods for running cedar or ground pine, for spruce and fir trees, for branches of hemlock, cedar and pine. In some lucky neighborhoods the hotly grows, and sometimes the mistletoe, with its mystic, poetical associations, is to be found. Often the little church j must be adorned for the great feast! day, and this cannot be done, as in the f city, by hands of paid professional decorators. In the country it. must be A labor of love, and busy hands must work early and late to make the trimming of the church attractive. Then, too, the day before Christmas the Christmas tree, chosen and marked long before, must be cut and carried home with almost as much enthusiasm as attended, in old times, the bringing in of the Yule log. It is not only in the decoration department that there are great labors on foot the day before Christmas. The kitchen is a veritable hive of industry. The mince meat has been prepare I days ago and has been ripening in a great stone crock in the cellar; but to-day the pies are to be made—pies of many kinds, as befits an American household. Crullers and ; doughnuts are to be mixed and fried, ; cranberry sauce to be compounded, the i materials for the plujn pudding to be । prepared, cakes, jellies, blancmanges, I tarts and other goodies brought to a state of perfection. Outside of the kitchen there is an air of subdued mystery. There have been restrictions laid upon nearly every member of the family concerning his or her free access to some part' of the house. The eldest boy, whose chief desire for months has been a bicycle, is warned to give the woodshed a wide berth. The closet in the guest chamber is forbidden ground to the mother, while none of the children are allowed to go near the linen-closet, where mamma has stored her gifts. Everything in the house is in a state of shining cleanline, s by the time the day falls. The house is fragrant with odors of spruce an I pine and looks a very bower of greenery by the time that the tinkle of the sleigh l>el& cr ' more probably the rattle of the Wheels —for in the e degenerate daysjnow does not always come for ChristS 3 ^ — announces the arrival of the guest - From the city come the sciwpred members of the t’cok.who woul<l®*nrel CllH VtkLxv. (II l.at-A^^****^ I** 1 ** ling for Ch ri st mtvt u'iXL. thgVtome roof tree. Th y come with laderi Arms and gay greetings, bringing in ^rush of cold air and a fresh influx of the Christmas spirit. Ti 07 uro fjill of I stories about the trip in the train, of i the country people and their parcels, , of the children going home to grand- ; father's for Christmas, of the parties of ; young people eager for a day's skating ] or coasting, of the crowds of vehicles i awaiting the travelers at the stations, ’ of the merry greetings, of the spirit of ' love and good-will that seemed to brood over everything and ever- ! body. After dinner comes the ' great event of the day—the event for which the children fondly believed Christmas eve was first devised—hanging the stockings. Then there is the repetition of the never-oid always charming poem. “ ’Twas the night before Christmas." This is followed by anxic us conjectures as io how Santa Claus will manage his sleigh and reindeer if there is no snow on the ground, and then the little <nes are tucked away and left, “while visions of sugar-plums dance through their heads.” With the first break of dawn on Christmas morning there is a rustle of excitement through the house. Ghostly forms flit through the halls and happy voices shout “Merry Christmas!” from door to door. Then come the hurried dressing, the jolly breakfast, the exchange of gifts and all the dear delights of the day of days. There is no sound outside to distract the attention from these joys. The solemn silence of the country in winter surrounds' them on every side and makes sweeter the mirth and cheer within. A Few Christmas Dont’s. Don't give a bottle of perfhme to a lady unless you are sure it is the sort she prefers, ! Don’t send a box of rule^ writing paper to a newspaper coriApondfigjt; she would rather write on paper in which the grocer does up hi* tea. Don’t give a cookery book to your washerwoman: she would much rather have the ingredients. Don't give a new pair of ill-fitting gloves, or a just-bought fan that you find you don’t like, to people who you think will appreciate these things. They won’t appreciate them. —Good Housekeeping. Talking Through His Hat. rj ; AiW -4 ... jil ir Ji iW • Fuller Briars—Say, bubby, I'm Santy Claus. See? Somebody stole my clo’es • an’ reindeer. Jus’ give mo a nickel an’ • I’ll give yer twlcet as many things : nex’ Chris’mus. —Judge. /

MENAGE ON HAWAII. j LONG-EXPECTED ANSWER BY THE PRESIDENT. Events at Honolulu Set Forth in OHlcial Detail—Mr. Cleveland Says His Task Has Been a Difficult One—Blount Is Indorse<L Given Over to Congress. The President’s response to the resolution passed by bjth houses of Congress requesting information in Hawaiian affairs and especially as to the nature of the instructions given to Minister Willis, has been sent to Congress. The message is as follows: To the Senate and House of Representatives: In my recent annual message to Congress I briefly referred to our relations with Hawaii and expressed the Intention of transmitting further information on the subject when additional advices permitted. Though 1 am not niw able to report a definite change in the actual situation, I am convinced thut the .WJoulties lately created both here and in Ha,ft*ii and now standing in the way of a solution ®prougii executive action of the problem pre- ; seated render it proper and expedient that J. matter should be referred to the K ..ttfaxleWauthority and discretion of Confl jress with a full explanation of the en- ' "savor thus far made to deal with the emor- . /ency UH ask them to review the considcravi>ions which have governed my action. I suppose that right and justice should determine .the path to be followed in treating this subject. If national honesty is to be disregarded and a desire for territorial extension or dissatisfaction with a form of government not our own is to regulate our conduct 1 have entirely misapprehended the mission and character of our government and tne behavior which the conscience ot our people demands of their public servants. hen the present administration entered upon its duties the Senate had under consideration a treaty providing for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the territory ot the United States. Surely under our constitution and law s the enlargement 01 our limits is a manitestation of the highest attiibute of sovereignity and it entered upon as an executive act all things relating to the transactions should be clear and free from suspicion. Additional importance is attached to this peculiar i treaty of annexation because it contemplated 1 a departure from unbroken American tradiI tiou tn providing ior the addition to our terrl- | tory of islands of tuc sea more than -,<lo miles I removed irom our n< arest coast. H< asons Apa nst Hanison Treaty. These considerations might not, of theni- | selves, call tor iuier.tr.nee w th the com- ' pletion of a treaty entered upon by a previous administration. But it appeared tiom the documents accompanying the treaty, when submitted to the Senate, that the ownership of Hawaii was tendered to us by a provisional government set uj> to succeed the constitutional ruler of the islands, who had been dethroned, and it did not. appear tha. such provisional government had the sanction or either popular revolution or suffrage. Iwo other rcniaraable features ot the transaction naturally attracted attention. One was the extraordinary haste^not to say precipitancy | — oba acterizing all the transactions connected 1 with the treaty. It appeared that a so-called committee of safety, ostensibly the source of the revolt against the Uonstttuticn.il Government of Hawaii, was organized on Satuiday, Jan. 11; that on Munday, .lam Iv, t e I uited States forces were landed al Honolulu from a naval vessel lying iu its harbor; that on the 17th the scheme ot a Provisional Government was perfected i.nd a proclamation naming its i officers was on the same day prepared and I read at the Government buildings; that immediateiy thereupon the United Mates Minister recognized tire Provisional Govimment thus created; that two days afterward, on the nth day of January, commissioners representing such government sailed tor tins country in a steamer especially chartered for the occasion, arriving in S n 1 raucisco on the i 2sth day of January and in i x. v >.7-, X,T next ally thev had 1 their first Interview with the Seer tary es I State and another on the nth. wh< n the treaty | annexing the islands was practically’ agr. ed ' ' upon, and that on the 14th it was formally con- , I eluded, and on the lath transmitted to the I Senate. | Thus between the initiation of the scheme I for a provisional government in Hawaii on I the 14th of January and the submlsion to the j Senate of the treat y of annexation concluded with such g vernment. tin entire inti rval was i thirty-two days, fifteen of which were .-pent by the Hawaiian commissioners in their i journey to Washington. I lu tiie next place, upon the face of the papers I submitted with the treaty it clearly appeared i that there was open and uvd d ermine'i an I issue of fa< t of the n o-t vital importance. I Hie message of the President oeeomp uying I the treaty declared that ‘the overthrow of i ■ tl.e monarchy was not in any way j , promoted by this Government," and iu a ; letter to the President from the Secretary of • Mate, also submit nd to the Senate with the treaty, the following passage occurs; "At the time <he provisional gov. rnment tok possession of tiie government buildings no tioops or officers of tl.e I nited Sta e ' were ph sent or । took any pair whatever in th ■ proceedings. No public recognition was aceorued to the provisional government by tiie Inited States Ministe- until after the Queen’s abdi atlon and when they were in effective possession of . the government buildings, the archives, the treasury, tiie barracks, the police station, and all the potent! 1 machinery of the vovetnineht." lint a protest also accompanied said tieaty, i signed by the Queen and her minist rs at the time she made way for the provisional government, which explicitly stated that she yielded . to the sui erlor force of the United States, i whose Minister had caused Unit <1 states ’ troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared : that he would support such provisional ■ government. Sending Blount to Honolulu. | The truth or falsity of this protest was surely of the first importance, but no investigation to accertain the facts had been made. I 1 conceived it to be my duty, therefore, to withdraw the treaty from the Senate for examination and to cause an investi- ’ gatlon to be made. I selected for this investi- ! gation James H. Blount of Georgia. His re- ; port, based upon an exhaustive investication, ; with its accompanying proofs, is now before Congress or is herewith submitted. This reI port justifies, in my opinion, the statement I that when the President was led to submit the | treaty to the Senate with the declaration that i “the overthrow’ of the monarchy was not tn any way promoted by this government,” and I when the Senate was ini.need to receive and I discuss it on that basis, both President and Senate wi re misled. It is sufficient for the purposes of this comb municat ion to say that in .lunuary. lss:<, a eon- . slaeral 1c portion of American and other for- ' elgn merchants residing at Honolulu favored , the annexation of Hawaii to the United States I and htet the project was zealously promoted | by our Minister to that country. He evidently I had an ardent detire that it should become a I fact accomplished by his agency and during | his ministry and was not inconveniently i scrupulous as to the means employed to ! that end. On the 19th day of November, : 1892, nearly two months before the first • overt attack tending toward the subversion of the Hawaiian government and the attempted transfer of Hawaiian territory to the United States, he addressed a long letter to the Secretary of State, in which the case for annexation was elaborate ly argued on moral, political and economical grounds. He ! refers to the loss to the Hawaiian sugar inter- ! ests from the operation of the McKinley bill, I and the tendency to still further depreciation i of sugar property unless some positive measI ure of relief be granted. He strongly inveichs against the existing Hawaiian government and emphatically declares for annexation. He says: “In truth, the monarchy here is an absurdity, an anachronism.” He further says: “Destiny and the vast future interests of the United States in the Pacific clearly indicate who at no distant day must lie responsible for tiie government of these islands. Under a territorial government "they could be as easily governed as any of the existing territories of tiie United States. Hawaii has reached the parting of the ways. She must now take the road w hich leads to Asia, or t! e other, which' outlets her in America, gives her an American civilization and binds her to the care of American destiny." Further lie says: If it was wise for the United States through Secretary Marcy thirty-eight years ago to offer to expend sit)i>,(Xio to secure a treaty ot annexation, it certainly cannot be chimerical or unwise to expend SOu,w o to secure annexation in the near future.” These declarations show his disposition and condition of mind. In a letter to the Secretary of State March 8,1892, Minister Stevens says that the existing Government may be overthrown and adds that, while in those circumstances the ordinary rule would be to limit the landing and movement of United States troops to the protection of American

citizens and thrir propertx’, yet the United States’ relations to Hawaii are exceptional. He adds: “I desire to know how’far the present Minister and naval commander may deviate from established international rules and precedents in contingencies indicated in the first part of this dispatch.” To a minister of this temper, full of zeal for annexation, there seemed to arise in January, 1893, the precise opportunity for which he was watchfully waiting—an opportunity which, by timely “deviation from established International rules and precedents,” might be improved to successfully’ accomplish the great object in view, and we are quite prepared for the exultant enthusiasm with which, in a letter to the State Department dated "Feb. 1, 1893, he declares: "The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe aud this is tiie golden hour for the United States to pluck it.’’. It may also be remarked that this diplomatic representative on the day the above letter was written, apparently unable to longer restrain his ardor, issued a proclamation, in which "by the name of the United States” he assumed the protection of the Hawaiian Islands. This assumption was promptly disavowed by our government, but the American flag remained over the Government : Building at Honolulu and the forces remained on guard until April and after Mr. Blount’s arrival on the scene, when both were removed. On Saturday, Jan. 14, 1893, the Queen of Hawaii, in deference to the wishes of her Cabinet, relinquished a proposed proclamation of a new constitution. Taking this relinquished purpose as a basis of actio:., citizens of Honolulu numbering from 50 to HO, mostly resident aliens, met in a private office and selected a so-called Committee of Safety, composed of thirteen person, seven of whom were foreign subjects. This committee had in view annexation to the United States, and between Saturday’, the 14th, and the following Monday, the loth, they’ were certainly in communication with the United States Minister. At the call and under the auspices of this Committee of Saf ty a mass-meeting ot citizens was held on Monday to protest against the Queen’s alleged illegal and unlawful proceedings and purposes. At this meeting the Committee or" S fety procured the passage of a resolution denouncing the Queen and empowering the committee to devise ways and means I to secu:e the permanent maintenance of law : and order and the protection of life, libeitv ' and property iu Hawaii. Tins meeting adjourned between 3 and 4 । o’cl ck in the afternoon. On Tuesday and im- • me liately nfter such adjournment the committee, unwilling to take further steps without the co-operation of the United States Minister, addressed a note, representing t hat : the public safety was menaced and that lives and property w ere in danger, and concluded as follows: “U c are unable to protect ourselves without aid, and therefore pray lor protection of the United States forces." Banding of the Marines. When the note was written nd elivered the committee, so far as it appears, had neither a man nor a gun at their command and after its ■ di livery they became so panic-stricken at ' their posh ion that they sent some of their number to interview the minister and request him not to land the United States forces till 1 the next morning, but he replied that the troops had been ordered and whether the committee were ready or not the landing should take place. And so it happened on Jan. IG, 1893. I etween 4 and 5 o'clock m the afternoon a detachment of marines from the United States steamer Boston, with two pieces of artillery, lauded at Honolulu. The men, upward ot IGO in all. were supplied with double cartridge belts, filled with ammunition and witli haversacks and canteens and were accompanied bv a hospital corps xvith stretchers and medical supplies. This demonstration was an act of war unless made with the consent of the Hawaiian Government or to protect American citizens. | The Hawaiian Government protested against the act and there was no need to protect American citizens. If any peril to life and property calling for any such martial array had existed Great Britain and other foreign powers interested would have been behind the United States in an effort to protect their citizens. But ihey made no signs in that direction. Thus it appears that Hawaii was taken pos- ! session of by tiie United States forces without the consent or wish of the government of tiie islands or of anybody else so far as is shown, exee; t the United States Minister. Th ■ provisional government thus proclaimed was. by the terms of the proclamation, “to exist until terms of union with the United States ha 1 been negotiated and agreed upon." The United St ates, pursuant to prior I agreement, recognized this government with--1 tn nn hop r all. i the reading of the proclamaI tion, ami before o'clock, in answer to an inl quiry on behalf of the Queen and her cabinet. I i ul Government th" only basis upon which it rested was the fact that the Committee of Public Safety had in the manner above stated declared it to exist. That It was not in such possession of the Government property and ageucie." as entitled it to recognition is conclusively proved by a note found in the tiles of the h gation at Honolulu addressed by the declared he d of the provisional governme: t to Minister Stevens dated Jan. 17. ls:3, in which he acknowledged with expressions of appreciation the minister's recognition of ti e 1 provisional government and stated that it is I not yet In the possession of the station house I (the place where a large number of tl.e Queen's I troops were quartered), though the s-me had j been demanded of the Que u's officers in I charge. I On the one hand the Queen had possession of I the palace, of the barracks and ot the police I stat ion, and had at her cv amand at least 500 I fully armed men and several pieces of artillery. I If she could have dealt with the insurgents ' alone her course would have been plain and ! the result unmistakable. But tiie United । States had allied itself with her enemies, had I recognized them as the true government of । Hawaii and had put Iter and her adherents in j the position of opposition against lawful ! authority. Accordingly, some Lours after- । ward, she yielded her military forces. In yielding, however, tiie Queen protested that she did so because of the superior force of the United States, and only until such time as the United States government at Washington should, upon presentation of the facts, I undo the action of its representative and reI instate her in the authority she claimed as I the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands. Yet the provisional government, with this unanswered protest in its hand, hastened to negotiate with the United States for the permanent banishment of the Queen from power and for a sale of her kingdom. Danger of Government Disgrace. Our country was in danger of occupying the position of having actually set up a temporary government on foreign soil for the purpose of acquiring through that agency territory which we had wrongfully put in our possession. This is in marked contrast to President Jackson's course after the battle of San Jacinto, by which Texan independence was practically assured and established. President Jackson refused to recognize it, alleging as one of his reasons that in the circumstances it became the United States “to beware of a too early movement, as it might subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory with a view’ to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves." I believe that a candid and thorough examination of the facts will force the conviction that the provisional government owes its existence to an armed invasion by the United States. While naturally sympathizing with every effort to establish’a republican form of government, it is the settled policy of the United States to concede the people of fpreign countries the same freedom and independence in the management of their domestic affairs that we have always claimed for ourselves. The lawful Government of Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing of a sword or the tiring of a shot; by a process every step of which, it may safely be asst tied, is directly traceable to and dep ndent for its success upon the agency of the United States Government through its diplomatic and; naval representatives. But for the notorious predilections of the United States Minister for annexation, the Committee of Safety, w’hich should have been called the Committee of Annexation, would never have existed. But for tlic landing ot the United States forces upon false pretexts respecting the danger to life and property, the committee would never have exposed themselves to tiie pains and penalties of treason by undertaking tha subversion of the Queen's Government But for the presence of the United States forces in the Immediate vicinity and in posi- । tion to afford all needed protection and support the committee -would not have I proclaimed tiie provisional government from fthe steps of the Government building, and, finally, but for the lawless occu- * pation of Honolulu under false pretexts by the United States forces and but lor Ministei Stevens’ recognition of th? Provisional Govi eminent when the United States forces w ere I its sole support and constituted its only military strength, the Queen and her government ! would never have yielded to the Provisional I Government even fora time, and forth" sole purpose of submitting her case to the enlightened justice of the United States. Believing, therefore, that the United States could not, under the circumstances disclosed, annex the islands without justly incurring the imputation ot acquiring them by unjustifiable methods, 1 shall not again submit the t reaty oi ami xation to the Senatefor its consideration, and iu the instructions to Minister Willis, a copy of which accompanies this message, I

KOvem'S 4 hlm tO 80 lnform the Provisional »^<??- venirnent of a feeble friendly and people baa been overthrown. A subdnTritl Vr ng has thus been done which a * jor our^ national character as well that wr ?hnniH f th f ID i ured People requires tnat we should endeavor to repair. The renassert the , Provisional Government assert that the people of Hawaii are unfit for Popuiar government and frankly avow that potic^ower? be rUled by an arbitr * r * or des- ^^ u P nthe Present instance our duty does PP’uiou. end with refusing to conV h J s questionable transaction. The cau not fail to vindicate its effete mlkA S »H Se of .. justice by ;an earnest enor to make all possible reparation tbe present c£e with?® Hons ’of f m th . e special conditions of the Queen s surrender of her sovereignty are recalled. She surrendered, not to the provisional government, but to the United States. She hnr r r? dered a? 6 ab s°iutely and permanently, but temporarily and conditionally until such time as the facts could be considered by the United States. Furthermore, the provisional government acquiesced in her surrender in that manner. Ihe members of the provisional govan? thelr supporters, though not entitled to extreme sympathy, have been led to tneir present predicament of revolt against the goi ernment of the Queen by the indefensible encouragement and assistance of our diplomatic representative. Terms Proposed to the Queen. I hoped that after the provisional government was assured that annexation could not be consummated I might encompass a peaceful adjustment of the difficulty. Hence I instructed Minister Willis to advise the Queen | and her supporters of my desire to aid in the : restoration of the status existing before the I lawless use of our forces on Jan. 16 last, if such . restoration could be effected upon terms , providing for clemency as well as jusi tlce to all parties concerned. The condi- > tions proposed contemplated a general । amnesty to those concerned in setting ; up the provisional government and a recognition of all its bona-fide acts and obligations. | In short, they require that the nast should ba buried and that the restored goverumenk 1 should resume its authority as if its con- . tinuity had not been interrupted. These con- . ditions have not proved acceptable to the I Queen, and though she has been informed that ' they will be insisted upon and that unless acceded to the efforts of the President to aid in the restoration of her goyernment will cease, 1 have not thus far learned that she is willing to yield them her acquiescence. The check which my plans have thus en- । countered has prevented their presentation to the members of the provisional government, while unfortunate public misrepresentations of the situation i.nd exaggerated statements I of the sentiments of our people obviously ini jured the prospects of successful executive I mediation. I therefore submit this comi munication with its accompanying exi hibits, embracing Mr. Blount’s report, ’ the evidence and statements taken by him at Honolulu, the instruc- ; Riven to both Mr. Blount and Minister a nd correspondence connected with the . affair in hand. In commending this subject to । the extended powers and wide discretion of i the Congress I desire to add the assurance that 1 shall be much gratified to co-operate in any | legislative plan which may be devised for the solution ot the problem before us which is consistent with American honor, integrity and morality. Gkoveb Cleveland. LOUISIANA'S CURSE. Leprosy Allowed to Exist in Various Parts of the State. A year ago the people of New Orleans indulged in a short scare over the information that quite a number of lepers were at large in the city and I State working at various trades and , one even plying the vocation of a bar^ ber. Tiie scare spread over the coudi try, and for a while it was demanded 1 that something be done to restrict i their goings and comings. Then the ’ public attention was diverted elsej wiierc, and n >w the presence of the lepers appears to be accepte I as a mat- ;! ter of course, and excites but little apprehension. Leprosy exists iu several parts of the i rural districts of the State, but to what . precise extent is not known, as no at- . tempt has been made to separate the 1 're”' 3”-"" rc t of. .the VPnnio. ; (Juite a number *'f lepers Gnoim to । exist in the city of New Orlekh^. living at large, mix nz with the genera! piJ'- ; lie, and plying their vocations unhin- ' dered. The physicists and the Boa^d of Health have several times called the. matter to tiie attention of the authorities, and the Legislature did once pass a law apparently contemplating the e-tablishment oi a hospital where lepers could be segregated, but no provisions were made for carrying it into effect, and nothing has been dene. At the occurrence of one of the peri- | odical scares some time ago the small- , pox hospital in New Orleans was set aside for the use of lepers; but these ; unfortunate beings may go c r stay as i plea-es them Some ten lepers have i been staying in this hospiial lor several months, i ut no care or medica: ati tention is provided for them. Indeed ■ there is nothing provided but shelter, I and little of that, for the building is . in bad condition, and the rain runs through the roof. There are no attendants or guards, aud the lepers come aud go at will. i ARIZONA KNOCKS AT THE GATE. ‘ | She Is Kich in Natural Products, But Her j I Population Is Small. Arizona wants to join the sisterhood ’ of States, and a bill to that effect has g ' passed the House. Just before the ad- - journment of Congress, the Committee " I on Territories, in the House of Repre- ~ sentatives, made a favoi ade report on -a bill providing for her admission as a 1 i State, in which the conditions and j prospects of the Territory _ were set « forth interestingly. According to the 8 ’ census of 1890 the population of Ai-i---9 ; zona was but 59,620, but it is thought - ' that the leckoning was incomplete and 0 । that the number has since greatly in- ' | creased. - | No State in the Union is richer in ’- natural products than Arizona. Its 1 , 113,929 square miles of area contain j mines of gold, silver, copper, iron and ■ j coal, lakes of salt, springs of petroleum, " i forests of pine, cedar, spruce, juniper, _ j ash and oak. Much of it is arid, but in i I its fertile portions the date, the olive, i the ng, the giape, the lime and the . ! orange grow with prodigal profusion, e i and fine crops of cereals are I ■ raised. The taxable property has L■ an assessed valuation of a little - 1 over $2^,270,000, and the Governor " : thinks that it should be nearer S7O,O' )O,<M 0, the taxing system being that 11 of low valuation and high rates. The '• | bonded and floating debts of the Terri- , tary and counties amount to about e 83,i 00,0 JO. e Its forests cover an area larger than ™ the State of Maine and ha\e never yet felt it is said, the stroke of an ax. Its 8 . timber belts are of like proportions, j while the cottonwood, alder, mazanita. e maple, mesquite, wild cherry, and iron- : wood are to be found also. Irrigation is’making agriculture a chief industry. r A CONVICT, after serving his term at " the galleys, is about to bo set at liber- ? tv. O: eof the guards, a good-hearted fell w, who had taken a sincere inter--1 est in the man's reformation, and had given him much good moral advice, had come at last to feel a real affection s for him. Seeing the released prisoner about to depart, he ran after him, a e tear in his eye. “Sorry to have you go. f he exclaimed, cordially: “be sure yuj ! come back to us just as soon as you ca i; I won't you, now?”