St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 19, Number 21, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 9 December 1893 — Page 2

MESSAGE TO CONGRESS. The President Submits His Annual Address, REVIEW OF AFFAIRS. HAWAII TO RECEIVE ATTENTION LATER. Onr Relations with Foreign Powers— Finances of the Government—Work of the Several Departments—Advises Delay in Dealing with the Currency SubjectPassage of tlie Wilson Tariff Measure Is Recommended —Course of the Pension Bureau Approved, Etc. ’’s ■. 4-<k4l ■■ ft w sr -ed to that body without delay on its usseiußTa^e at‘Washington. The organization of both branches having been effected at the late special session, there was nothing to interfere ■with the regular order of business. The message is of unusual length, exceeding in this respect Mr. Cleveland's famous address of 1885. A considerable part of the document is devoted to the Wilson tariff bill, silver purchase repeal, and - the subject of pensions. Hawaiian matters are but briefly touched upon, the President indicating that he will submit a special message on this complication later. The message reads as follows: To the Congress of the United States: The constitutional duty which requires the President from time to time to give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient, is fittingly entered upon by commending to the Congress a careful examination of the detailed statements and well supported recommendations contained in the reports of the heads of departments, who are chiefly charged with the executive work of the Government. In an effort to abridge this communication as much as is convenient with its purpose I shall supplement a brief reference to the contents of these departmental reports by the mention of uch executive business and incidents as are not embraced therein, and by such recommendations as appear to be at this particular time appropriate. i While our foreign relations have not at all times during the past year been entirely free from perplexity, no embarrassing situations remain that will not yield to the spirit of fairness and love of justice, which, 'joined with consistent firmness, characterize a truly American foreign policy. My predecessor having accepted the office of arbitrator of the longstanding missions boundary dispute, tendered to the President by the Argentine Republic and Brazil, it has been my agreeable dutv to receive the special envoys commissioned by those states to lay be for me evidence and arguments in behalf of their respective governments. Relations with Brazil. The outbreak of domestic hostilities in the Republic of Brazil found the United States alert to watch the interests of our citizens in that country, with which we carry on important commerce. Several vessels of our pew navy are now, and for some time have been, stationed at Rio de Janeiro. The Strua-e-le being between the estab.Government, which controls the of adminUtratv. ,ui»4 ■•w —TTU mT^~relat ions, Officers of the navy emjdAiaatr the vessels of their com- . jwiihd in an attack upon the national ^capital and chief seaport, I have failed to see that the insurgents can reasonably claim recognition as belligerents. Thus far the position of our Gorernraent has been that of an attentive but impartial observ rot the unfortunate conflict. Emphasizing our fixed policy of impartial neutrality in such a condition of affairs as now exists, I deemed it necessary to disavow, in a manner not to be misunderstood, the unauthorized action of the late naval commander in those waters in saluting the revolted Brazilian Admiral, being indisposed to countenance an act calculated to give gratuitous sanction to the local insurrection. Chilian Complications. The convention between our Government and Chili, having for its object the settlement and adjustment of the demands of the two countries against each other, has been made effective by t .e organization of the Claims Commission provided for. The two governments failing to agree upon the third member of the commission, the good offices of the President of the Swiss republi- were invoked, as provided in the treaty, and the scI.ction of the Swiss representative in this country to complete the organization was gratifying alike to the United States and Chili. The vexatious question of so-called legation asylum for offenders against the state and its laws was presente 1 anew in Chili by the unauthorized action of the late United States Minister in receiving into his residence two persons who had just failed in an attempt at revolution and against whom criminal charges were pending, growing out ot a former abortive disturbance. A temperate ’ demand having been made by the Chilian Government for the correction of this conduct in the instance mentioned, the minister was instructed no longer to harbor the offenders. Registration of Chinese. The legislation of last year, known as the 1 Geary law, requiring the registration of all Chinese laborers entitled to residence in the United States, and the deportaticn of all not complying with the provisions of the act with- ; in the time prescribed, met with much opposition from Chinamen in this country. Acting ( upon the advice of eminent counsel that the : law was unconstitutional, the great mass of Chinese laborers, pending judical inquiry as to its validity, in good faith declined to apply for the certificates required by its provisions. A test case upon proceedings by habeas corpus was brought before the Supreme Court, and on May 15,1893, a decision was made by that tribunal sustaining the law. It is believed that, i under the recent amendment to the act ex- । tending the time for registration, the Chinese ; laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves i f i the renewed privilege thus afforded of estab- ' lishing by lawful procedure their right to re- ] XBaiiWHMktliat -thereby the necessity ol en—^ySrcuig deportation may to a great degree be avoided. . i It has devolved upon the United States Min- । later at Peking, as dean of the diplomatic I body, and in the absence of a representative - of Sweden and Norway, to press upon the Chinese Government reparation for the recent murder of Swedish missionaries at Sung-Pu. ' This question is of vital interest to all countries whose citizens engage in missionary work in the interior.

Costa Rica’s Friendliness. Costa Rica has lately testified its friendli- | ness by surrendering to the United States, in the absence of a convention of extradition, but . upon duly submitted evidence of criminality, i a noted fugitive from justice. It is trusted i that the negotiation of a treaty with that country to meet recurring cases of this kind i will soon be accomplished. In my opinion j treaties for reciprocal extradition should be concluded with all those countries | with which the United States has not already conventional arrangements of that character. I have deemed it fitting to cxpress to the governments of Costa Rica and Colombia the kindly desire of the 1 nitea States to see their pending boundary dispute finally closed by arbitration in conformity with the spirit of the treaty concluded between them some years ago. Our relations with the French Republic continue to be intimate and cordial. I sincerely hope that the extradition treaty with that country, as amended by the Senate, w ill soon be o rative. While occasional questions affecting our naturalized citizens retuiningto the land of their birth, have arisen in our intercourse with Germany, our relations with that country continue satisfactory. Relations with Great Britain. The questions affecting our relations with Great Britain have been treated in a spirit of friendliness. Negotiations are in progress be*

; tween the two Governments with a Mew to such i concurrent action as will make the award and I regulations agreed upon by the Behring Sea j tribunal of arbitration practically effective; I i and it is not doubted that Great J I Britain vyill co-operate freely with this coun- ’ I HZ f Ol accomplishment of that purpose. The dispute growing out of the discriminating « | tolls Imposed in the Welland Canal upon car- ’ goes of cereals bound to and from the lake ports of the United States was adjusted by the substitution of a more equitable schedule of charges, and my predecessor thereupon suspended his proclamation imposing descriminating tolls upon British transit through our canals. A request for additions to the list of exI traditable offenses covered by the existing ; treaty between the two countries is under consideration. I Durins the past year an American citizen, , employed in a subordinate commercial posl- | tion in Havtl, after suffering a protracted im- ' prisonment on an unfounded charge of smuggling, was finally liberated on judicial examination. Upon urgent representation to the Haytian Government, a suitable indemnity was paid to the sufferer. ; Upon receiving authentic information of the firing upon an American mail steamer touchi ing at the port of Amapala, because her captain refused to deliver up a passenger from Nicaragua to Guatemala, upon demand of the military authorities of Honduras, our Minister I to that country under instructions protested against the wanton act and demanded satisi faction. The government of Honduras, actui ated by a sense of justice, and in a spirit of the utmost friendship, promptly disavowed j the illegal conduct of its officers and expressed sincere regret for the occurrence. Interest in Liberia. I A notable part ot the southeasterly coast of Liberia between the Cavally and San I'edro nearly half a century has as belonging io that re i Aovi purchase, has been claimed to be under the protectorate of I France in virtue of an agreement entered into by the native tribes over whom Liberia's control nas not been well maintained. More recently negotiations between the Liberian representative and the French Government resulted in the signature at l’ari of a treaty whereby as an adjustment certain Liberian territory is ceded to France. This convention at last advices had not been ratified by the Liberian Legislature and executive. Our relations with Mexico continue to be of i that close and friendly nature which should I always characterize the intercourse of two j neighboring republics. The work of relocat- j ing the monuments marking the boundary I bet w een the countries from Paso del Norte to ! the Pacific is now nearly completed. The commission recently organized under the conven- ! tions of 1884 and 1889, it is expected, will speed- । ily settle disputes growing out of the shifting : currents of the Rio Grande River east of El Paso. Nicaragua and the Canal. Nicaragua has recently passed through two revolutions, the party at first successful having iu turn been displaced by another. Our newly appointed Minister, by his timely good offices, aided in ^peaceful adjustment of the controversy involyed in the first conflict. The large American interests established in that country in connection with the ! Nicaragua Canal were not molested, I The canal company has unfortunately be- | come financially seriously embarrassed, but I a generous treatment has been extended to it i by the Government of Nicaragua. The United i States are especially interested in the success- ' ful achievement of the vast undertaking this company has in charge. That it should be accomplished under distinctively American auspices, and its enjoyment assured not only to the vessels of this country as a channel of communication between our Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, but to the ships of the world in the interests of civilization, is a proposition which, in my judgment, does not admit of , question. Gautemala has also been visited by the po- j litical vicissitudes which have afflicted her Central American neighbors; but the dissolu- I tion of its legislature and the proclamation of I a dictatorship have been unattended ,vith civil j war. An extradition treaty with Norway has re- ; cently been exchanged and proclaimed. The 1 extradition treaty with Russia signed in March. 1887, and amended and continued by the Senate in February last, was duly proclaimed last June. Triple Protectorate of Samoa. Led by a desire to compose differences and contribute to the restoration of order in Samoa, which for some years previous had been the ; scene of conflicting foreign pretentious and I native strife, the United States, departing from its policy consecrated by a century of observance, entered four years ago into the treaty of B rlin, thereby incoming jointlv bound with England,and twnwxwtii « ~„t iii.iiMb --a Twwmrirfn vrATtetoa Laupepi as i ■TO?of sa noa. Early in the life of this triple protectorate, the native dissentions it was de- । signed to quell revived. Quite lately, , at the request of the other poweis, and in fulfillment of its treaty ob- • i ligatb n, this Government agreed to unite ti a joint military movement of such dimensions as would probably secure the surrender of the insurgents without bloodshed. The warship Philadelphia was accordingly put ] under orders for Samoa, but before she arrived the threatened conflict was precipitated ; by King Malietoa's attack upon the insurgents* camp. Matnafa was defeated and a number of men killed. The Brit ish and German naval vessels present subsequently secured the surrender of Mataata and his adherents. This Incident am! the events leading up to it s gnally illustrate the impolicy of entangling alliances with foreign powers. ( Liims Against Spain. More than fifteen years ago this Government preferred a claim against Spain in behalf ot one of our citizens for propert y seized and confiscated in < üba. In 1886 the claim was adjusted Spain agreeing t pay nn ■. nditionally as a fair indemnity jl. im.ino. A respectful ’mt earnest note win recently addressed to the Spanish Government insisting upon a prompt fulfillment of its long neglect d obligation. Other claims, p e ferred by the I nited States against Spain in behalf of American citizens for property confiscated in Cuba, have been pending for many years. At the time Spa n's title to the Caroline islands was confirmed by arbitrate n, tliat Government agreed that the rights which had been acquired there by American missionaries should be recognized and respected. The reproduced caravel, Santa Maria, built by Spain and sent to the Columbian Exposition, has been presented to the United States iu token of amity and in commemoration of the > event it was designed to celebrate. I recom- \ mend that, in accepting this gift, Congress make grateful recognition of the sincere ; friendship which prompted it. American Missions in Turkey. Important matters have demanded attention ■ in our relations with the Ottoman Porte. The ; * firing and partial destruction, by an unre- ; ; strained mob, of one of the school buildings of j Anatolia College, established by citizens of the . United States at Marsovan, and the apparent | ! indifference of the Turkish Government to , the outrage, notwithstanding the complicity ! of some of its officials, c died for earnest re- i monstrance, which was followed by promises i of reparation and punishment of the offenders. | Indemnity for the injury to the buildings has ; already been paid, permission to rebuild given, ! I registration of the school property in the i name of the American owners secured, and efli- [ j cient protection guaranteed. Hawaiian Situation. It is hardly necessary for me to state that I question., arising from our relations with ; Hawaii have caused serious embarrassment. > ■ Just prior to the installation of the present | I administration the existing government of j Hawaii had been suddenly overthrown and a j I treaty of annexation had been negotiated be- | tween the Provisional Government of I the islands and the United States ' I and submitted to the Senate for j ' ratification. This treaty I withdrew j I for examination, and dispatched the Hon. , 1 James H. Blount, of Georgia, to Honolulu, as I I a special commissioner to make an impartial j = investigation of the circumstances attending i ' the change of government, and of all the con- !

ditions bearing upon the subject of the treaty, i After a thorough and exhaustive examination I Mr. Blount submitted to me his report showing < beyond all question that the Constitutional i Government of Hawaii had been subverted , i with the active aid of our representative to that Government, and through the intimidation caused by the presence of an armed naval ' force of the United States, which was landed 1 for that purpose at the instance of our Mm- . ister. Upon the facts developed It seemed to ' ! me the only honorable course for our Governi ment to pursue was to undo the wrong that had bei-n done by those representing us, and to restore, as far as practicable, the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention. With n. view of accomplishing this result within the constitutional limits oi obligations and responsibilities gr -wing out of any changed conditions brought about ibv our unjustifiable interference, our i present Minister at Honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end. Thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has i been received from him. Additional advices are soon expected. When received they will be promptly sent to the Congress, together with all other information at hand, accom1 panied by a special executive message fully 1 detailing all the facts necessary to a complete 1 understanding of the case, and presenting a ■ history of all the material events leading up I to the present situation.

Arbitration of National Disputes. B>’ a concurrent resolution, passed by the , Senate Feb. 14, p-93, and by the House of Rep- [ resentatives on the 3d of April following, the I President was requested "To invite from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any government with which the United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or dispute** arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means. "April 18, 1890, the International American Conference of Washington, by » resolution, expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of America and the nations of Europe might be settled by arbitration, and recommended that the government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers. A favorable response has been received from Great Britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by Parliament July 10 last, cordially sympathizing wi:h the -purpose in view. The monetary conference which assembled at Brussels, upon our invitation, was adjourned | to the 30th * ay of November in the present year. The considerations just stated, and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed i to be expected upon the re assembling of the conference, led me to express a willingness to j have the meeting still further postponed It seems to me that it would be J wise to give general authority to the;' President to Invite other nations toj such a conference at any time when there# [ should be .• fair prospect of accomplishing am international agreement on the subject o® coinage. I desire also to earnestly sugges® the wisdom of amending existing statutes inA regard to the issuance of Government bondsjl The authority now vested in the Secretary off, the Treasury to issue bonds is not as clear atf, it should be, and the bonds authorized are <AU4 advantageous to the Government, both a.*** f the time of their maturity and rate of int>s> \ est. . National Quarantine. J. "J The admonitions of the last two years toi^ ingour public health, and the demonstr danger of the introduction of contagion^ m eases from foreign ports, has Invested thevi.. .. ject of national quarantine with increased V* * terest. A more general and harmon ous system j than now exists, acting promptly and directly I everywhere, and constantly operating ventive means to shield our country frOBCMhoI invasion of disease, and at the same time 1 kiv-1 lug due regard to the rights and duties of l^calj agencies, would, 1 believe, add greatly to the safety of our people. Peace Within Our Borders. Neither Indian outbreaks nor domestic vio-ti lence have called the army into service during the vear, and the only active military duty re-» quired of it 1 as been in the department ofl Texas, where violations of the neutrality laws of the United Stat s amt Mexico were prompt-’ lyand efficiently dealt with by the troops ello-|j iting the warm approval of the civi ■ aml|] military authorities of both countries. .1 The adoption of battalion formation for ■] infan ry regiments, the strengthening of the g artillery forces, the al amlonment of small and fl unnecess ry po ts, and the massing of tlieij troops at importar.t and a* •esstble stations, r all promise to p omote ib usefulness of the f armv. In the judgment of army officers, with! but few exceptions, the Operation ot tire law! forbidding the re-enlistment of men alter ten! years of service lias i o prow l its wisdom, 1 and while the arguments that led to its adoption w< re not wii hunt merit. the < xperience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its repeal. J’urvliii-c of Silver. The purchases ot silver under tin? law of July--14, 18. hi, during tlie Just fiscal year aggregate.! ■)4.,008,ir.2,5'.i fine ounces, which costhMr'.M!.:;"*,- . 53. Tlie total amount of silver purchased from the time t hat tax bi came operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause on tlie Ist day of November, I^'3, was 168.674,59'.48 fine ounces, which cost siv’.'.tio.ffm.si. Between the Ist day of March 1573, and the Ist day ot November’ 1*93. the G. vernment purchased un- ' der all laws 503.0 3,717 fine ounces of silver st a cost of lib’ 2J,iU'-. The silver dollars that have । been coined under tlie act of July U, Pw, | number : *..057,- s .. The seigniorage arising from such coinage was -o. M,"9*.39. leaving on hand ! in tin* mint 1 ■■ o.tine ounces of silver.! w ilchco-t -1 6,758,218. uiir tot il * o .ue of all metals during the ‘ last fiscal year consisted of 97,2'0,875 pieces.! valued at f43,6s’’ t l7-*.so, of which thete was 830,031,140 in cold coin, j.'>,343,715 In silver dollars, ?7, '17,7.0.1 s. in subsidiary silver coins, ( ami f 1,0<6,102.90 in minor coins. Pining the calendar year l*’.*2 the productions of 1 recious metals in the United NtatgeJ

whs estimated to be 1..'>96,375 fine onnvsol of the commercial find <-eiaa^ .4” > i ■ - T r 1 uejU l ‘'‘- i rr“ 11 —*'**‘* onnoe* or wUver ot tfi? wiim or market value of $m,7;.«<7 > . ami of the comae ■ value of s.'io. it j*. i tlm&ted that on .inly i, itu, the metallic stock 1 of money in the United States, consistine of ' coin ami bullion, awonnted to fl 2l;>.’W,h<v, of ( 1 which $ 97,<.'7.i 8." was gold an ! $-4 >61,484 was silver. One hundred and nineteen nnt on al bunks were organized during the year ending Oct. >l. Isya, with a capital of «>.os>. I'orty-slx went into voluntary liquidation and r- suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks wt re insolvent eighty-six resume t business and seven remaim I in the hands of bank ex-’ amim-rw with pt spertsO sj <■■ dy icqimption. of the new 1 mks organized forty-four were located in the Eastern States, forty-one west of the Mississippi River, an l thirty-four in the Central and Southern St ito. Ino to:al num- 1 her of national banks in exist-, nee on the mst day of Octobi r. is. 3, was 3,79 t having an agregate capital or - .‘v s r.w. The net increa e in the circulation of these banks during the year was i36>86,.-72. The recent repeal of th- provision of law requiring the purehae of sliver bullion by the Governm»nt as a feature of our monetary sche ue, lias made an entire change in the conipb xiou of our < urren -y affairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutatory and far-reaching. In the uatur- of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time precisely what conditions will be brought about by th? change, or what, if any, supplementary legis- ; lation may. in the light of such conditions, j appear to be cssenti .1 or expedient. Os course, 1 after the recent financial perturbation time ' is necessary for the re-establishment ot busi- ; ness confidence. When, however, through - this restored confidence, the money which has been frightened into hoardin g-plac< s is re-' turned to trade and enterprise, a survey of. the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a per- ’ manently sound currency, abundantly sutticiimt to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business. In the pursuit of this object we should resolutely I turn away from alluring and temporary ex- i pedients. detetmined to be content with not i- ! ing less than a lasting and comprehensive ' financial plan. In these circumstances J am ; convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing i with this subject, instead of being injurious, i will increase the probability of wise action. Sea Coasts Defenses. It is gratifying to note that we have begun to attain complete results in the comprehensive scheme of sea coast defense and fortifica-L tlon, entered upon eight years ago. At the end ! of the current calendar year the War , j ment will have nine 12-iuch, twenty 10-inch ; and thirty-four 8-inch guns ready to be | mounted on gun-lifts, and carriage, and seven-ty-five 12-inch mortars. The manufacture ot i heavy ordnance keeps -pace With c P’’ r P°“ needa; but to render these guns available tor “ y uro designed to meet, emplacements must be prepared for them. After much preliminary work and much ex- | haustive examination in accordance with the i requirements of the law, the board appointed | to select a magazine rifle of modern type with j : which to replace the obsolete Springfield rifle । of the infantry service, completed its labors । । during the last year and tue work of manu- | । factoring is now in progress at the National j | Armory at Springfield. It is confidently exI pected th-it by the end of the current year our ; infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal j | to that ‘of the most progressive armies of the I world. I’ostofflce Department. ! The report of the Postmaster General con- ! ! tains a detailed statement of the operations ; of the Postoffice Department during the last i ' fiscal year and much interesting information ; touching this important branch of the public , service. At a date when better times were an- | ticipated it was es imated by bis predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of .J une, 1803 would be but a little over a million and’a half dollars, It amounted, however, to more than live millions. At the sanje tim*^ and under the Influence of like anticipations estimates were made for the current fiscal year ending June 30, 189-1, which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of $872.■215.71; but now, in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fiscal year already expired, the present ! Postmaster General estimates tint at its close, instead of a surplus, there will be a de- > ficiency ot nearly eight million dollars. I Forty-two free deliver}' offices were added I during the year to those already existing, 1 making a total of CIO cities and towns proI vided with free delivery on June 30, 1893. i Ninety-three other cities and towns are now ' entitled to this service under the law, but ;it has not been accorded them on ac | count of insufficient funds to meet the expense iof its establishment. I am decidedly of : the opinion that the provisions of the i j present law permit as general an introduction । ] of this feature of mail service as is necessary i or justifiable, and that it ought not to be ex-

tended to smaller communities than are now designated. The expense of free delivery for the fiscal year ending June 30 1894, will be more than $11,000,000, and, under legislation now existing, there must be a constant increase in this Item of expenditure. During the year 195 internal money-order offices were added to those already provided, making a total of 2,408 in operation on June 30, 1893. The number of international money orders issued during the year was 1,055,999, ah increase over the preceding year of 72,525, and : their value was $16,341,837.86, an increase of sl,221,500.31. The number of orders paid was 300,- I 917, an increase over the preceding vear of 13,50 k and t heir value was $.),283.375.70, an increase of $91,094.83. (From the foregoing statements It appears that the total issue of money orders ami post’ll notes for the vear amounted to $156,821,$8.24. The number of letters and packages (lailed during the year for special delivery as 3.375,693, an increase over the preceding ear of nearly 22 per cent. The special deiivry stamps used ui<>n these letters and packges_amounted to $337,569,311 and the inesseners’ fees paid for their delivery amounted to 156,596,71, leaving a profit to the Government f $80,976.59. I desire to commend as especially worthy of •prompt attention the suggest bins of the Postl master General relating to a more sensible and 1 business like organization and a better distri- | button of responsibility in his department. Navy Department. During the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent. 1 r i°" r u S3 i ll *' le ooustruction of new vessels has not been as rapid ns was anticipated. Ihcre have been delays in the completion of unarmored vessels, but for the moat part they have been such as are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest experience in naval ship-build-ing. IheniOHt serious delays, however, have been in the work upon armored ships. The trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed. The ditllltlos B ‘phi now. however, to have b<*o»» 1:• o”me. and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness. The Secretary of the Navy ret ommends the authoriza--t'on of at least one battleship and six torpedo boats. While lam distinctly in favor of < ont (’latently pu suing the policj- we have inaugurated ot building up a thorough and efficient navy, I can not refrain from the suggestion that the Congress should carefully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our I Treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work. On the Pension Rolls. On the 36th day of June, 1593, there were on the pension rolls .’6i;,012 names, an increase, of »9,914 over the number on the rolls .<tine .it, 1892. Os these there were 17 widows and daughters of revolutionary soldier*. 86 survivors of the war of 1812 p,42> widows of soldiers of that war 21 .18 | survivor-* ami wi low of the Mexican war 13,882 survivors and widows of Indian wars’ 1284 army nurses, and 475,<-4 survivors and Widows and children of deceased soldl-rs ami {sailors of the war of the rebellio . Ihi-lat- 1 H>r number represents those pensioned on ■Account of ilsabditles or death resulting Jlroni army ami navy service. The number lof persons remaining on the rolls June 3,1 1893, wlio were pensioned under the act oi June 27. tsi’, which allows pensions on ac- * count of death and disability not chargeable ।to any service, w a 4 a.155. Tiie number ndih d Ito the rollsduring the year was 1. i.*' 11 and the jMTUber dropped wa 3 -.r. s*. The first pav- I ’Kents Oil pensloi * allowed during the vear Mlnour.ted to $ 3.7. •.w’..n. This includes ar MUS or the aecunulatlon between the time! Worn which the allowance of the pension dates l£id the time of actuaily granting t!ie certiti«te. Although the law of is ■ permits peustom* for disabilities not relate I to mtlitari ser■ce, yet. a* a requisite to its ben* fits, a dis. gility must exist Incapacitating applicants ">**m the performance of maim il labor to qich ad g i a- to tender thim unable to In a support.” The execution of this • in it< early stages does not seem avc been In accord with its true ntcritlon; toward the close ot tlie last mlminisTa lan authoritative const tin-! bin was given he atatutp, and since that time this contetion lias been followed. This bus had the ct of Itinitt'ig the •ipernfieua of the law to intended purpose. he diaeorery having been made that many ucs have been put upon the pension roll bv ins of wholesale pu I gigantic frau Is. tlm nniissioW’r suspemli-d payments upon a übar of pensions w hich seemed to be frau*!ttlnt or nusutliorized iwudinz a complete exBfd 3. *,'Hb giving notice to the P* m-omers In g. » *' ey mig* t hat. an op; rtuuif. to , <• ** q w|r H smutible. the justice of their

mill b r-vj^q, i rww WW a loog tiro .-oynit I in ’m' Pension Btl- . lean. hot ..ftfO^’iti-iing upon these remit < ■ imMonrr modified this rtil^aoa, to allow. until after complete rtamlnatftp'. interfer, m wth the inmi-nt of a pension apparently n<> altogether void, but which merely had leu fixed at a rate higher than that author,,'Cd by law. 1 atu unable to understand why frau Is In tit pension rolls should not Gcxpwl and emvet-I with thoron,thm- ■an I vig< . Every ante fraudulently put upon th. -e roll, is a wiled iiup wition upon th- kindly 8,-utl:i n t in Vldeh p.-n-i-ms have their origin. Ev, i v fraiiiient p. nslom r has become a bad citl xei|t everv false oath in support of a p-n---siiti has made perjury more common, and fable an I nndes i ving pi nsiem-rs rob the people not only of th» ir money, but of the patriotic s -ntim'mt which the <tir-. Ivors of a war. fought for the preservation of the Crfion, ought so inspire, rhousands of ne ighborhood* have their well-known fraudulent pensioners, an 1 ricetit dev lopments bv the bureau establish appalling conspiracies to a- - h pension frauds. By no means the least wro; g done is io bravo and 'les.-rving pensioners wl o c Ttainly ought not to be condemre I to such association. Those who attempt in the line of duty, to recti y these wreags, should not be accus -I of enmity or in Itlereuce to •h. claims ot ho ' -t v.-t rans. Tae sum exp-mde I on account of pensions for the t. ar ending .1 une 3'. I-‘ was 1 m 4‘.4''>.14. The CommSs-ioner estimates that s; . . oi.iou will be required to pay pensions during the year ending June. 30,1891. Indians and Their late. I am sure that s- cular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in anv effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too. that, the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty may. in favorable conditions, aid this consummation. It seems to me, however, that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in 1 tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization, instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good adminI istration. Th • personal fitness of agents and I th, ir adaptability to the peculiarities of caring for their wards is of the utmost importance. There is dapger of great abuses creepnrosecution of claims for Indian i'i k A. 1 r, , „d,l I recommend that every rriect provided against the enfori i * * .yr unjust, ~n q fictitious claims of thi I description. .Jhe Public Uoiuuiu. ThejWst area of land which but a short ' time afeo constituted the public domain is i apidly falling into private hands. It is certain I that in the transfer the beneficent purpose of ! the Government to supply from its domain । homes to the Industrious and worthy home--1 seekers is often frustrated. I conl cur with the Secretary in the belief I that these outrages can not be entirely prej vented without a change in the laws on the 1 subject and I hope his recommendations in i that direction will be favorably considered. 1 । especially commend to the attention of the i Congress the statements contained in the Sec- | retary’s rip >rt concerning forestry. Department of Agriculture. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture ' will be found exceedingly interesting. During the first quarter of the present year the expenses of the department aggregated $345,876.76 ! as against $102,012.12 for the corresponding pe- । riod of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. i The Secretary makes apparent his intention to j continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by : $994,-289 than those for the present year, The ‘ regulations of 1892 concerning Texas fever have been enforced during the last year. While contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle has be n eradicated anil animal tuberculosis —a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than pleuro-pneu-monia--is still prevalent, investigations have been made during the past year as to the means ot its communication and the method - pt its correct diagnosis. Much progress has । been made in this direction by the studies of ; the division of animal pathology, but the j work ought to be extended in co-operation ! with local authorities, until the danger to hu- ; man life arising from this cause is reduced to a minimum. I I join the Secretary in recommending that I hereafter each applicant for the position ot j Inspector or Assistant Inspector In the Bureau i of Animal Industry be required, as a condi- : tlon precedent to his appointment, to exhibit : ‘ to the United States Civil Service Commission ! his diploma from an established, regular and reputable veterinary college, and that this be • ! supplemented by such an examination in vet-

Bcrii a e y ac ’ ence Rs oommfssion may pre- I Economy In Seeds. i eJwn 151 . 0 i 863 po^ess appropriated SI,OOO. to bo taken from the Patent Office 1 funds tor the purpose of collecting and dis- i tributlng rare and improved varieties of seeds 1 and for prosecuting agricultural ~ i a . I Vestigations and procuring agricultural statls- ! tics. From this small beginning the seed ! I division of the Department- of Agricul- i I ture has grown to its present unwieldy and ’ I unjustifiably extravagant proportions. Dur- ' lug the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was $66,548.61. The remainder of an appropriation of $135,000 was expended in put- I ting them up and distributing them. It ■ surely never could have entered the minds of ' those who first sanctioned appropria- i tions of public money for the purchase of new and Improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from tills would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution, by members of Congress, of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are common in all the States and lerritories, and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices. In view of these facts, this enormous expenditure without legitimate returns of benefit ought to be abolished. Civil Service Reform. ^ l 3, <\ e o on V nue< ^ intelligent execution of the Civil Service law and the increasing approval by die people of its operation are most grati- i tying. Ihe recent extension of its limita- ’ tions and regulations to the employes at 1 free delivery post offices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by i the Commission, with the hearty co- ' operation of the Postmaster General is ' an immensely important advance in the use- I fulness of the system. I am, if possible more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the civil service law. not onlyin its effect upon the public service but also what is more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally. Timo to Cut Appropriations. Economy in public expenditures is a duty that cannot be Innocenti}- neglected by those Intrusted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the ex- i penditure of public money should In some I । manner be to their immediate and personal I advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner iu which a large part of our taxes * is exacted, and a degenerated sense of I official accountability, have led to growing ! extravagance in governmental appropria- ; tions. At this time when a depleted public 1 reasury confronts us, when many of our ■ people are engaged in a hard struggle for the 1 nee -.is tries *it life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass ot our countrymen, 1 desire to urge, with all the earnestness at my command, that Congressional legislation be so limited by such strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation j of the condition of the treasury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our : fellow citizens. The duty of public economy ' is also of immense importance iu its intimate , and necessary relation to tin- ta-k now in , hand, of provbiing revenue to meet governmental expenditures and yet reducing the people's burden of Federal taxation. 'I lie rroinise of Tariff Reform. After a hard struggle tariff reform Is directly before us. Nothing so impoitant claims our 1 attention, and nothing >o clearly presents it- ■ ' self as both an i ppnrunity am! a duty-an . oprort unit v to des* rve tlie gratitude of our j fcliow-citizen.s, and a duty imposed upon us by our oft-r*‘peated professions un i by th" emphatic mandate es the people. After full discussion our countrymen have ■ pole*'in favor of this reform, xml tlw have confided the work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything in the t eory of a r-pie..cut at lon ill public place* of the people and their desires, if public officers are I.- illv th servants of the people, ami if political promises and professions h ive anv binding ! ' our f itlure t*> give t In 1 relict so long (.wait’ d will b' slicer recifumy. N* thing sii iuld Intcrvcti” to distract our attention or disturb our effort mitt! this reform is accompllshad by v.iso ami careful legislation. ' While we should stanehiy adhere to the j rim ipb that only the m reHslt vof revenue ! justifies the trnposi tion of tariff duties ami I other Federal taxation, and that they should ’ l limit*’ I bv strict eeonornv. we cm not close our eyes to the fact t hnt condltlons havegrown whiclg injUHtu ecs nn.l fulrmss, call for discriminating care in th*: d -crimination of such dutieH and taxation as the emegencks of our Government actually demand. Manifestly, If wo nrc to ail the nconln 11 r 11 ’~- . In present tariff charges upon the necea(arU’s of life. The benefits of such a reduction would b” palpable and substantial, I se n and felt bv thousands who w ould be bet- I ter f. d end better clothed, and better shel- i t- .-.-d. The-**’ gifts s l .* uld be the willing benc-;a.-tions ot a Govetnnient whose highest funo- I tlo:i is the promotion of the welfare ot the ; people. Not less clo-.lv related to our peopU s pros- . verity andwell-b’ing : the r.-moval of restrictions upon the mu.mttitlo’m of th” raw j n rials necessary t-> our ’nanufaet- . uier*. The world should be open to our j national Ingenuity and enterprise. This t can not be while l* d. ral legls- : lation, through the imposition of । high tariff, forbids to American manufacturers 1 ns cheap materials as those used by their com- I । titors. It is quite obvious tim: the enhan 'eim-nt of t' j price of our manufactured I products, resulting from tills poib’y. not only | confines the market for these products I withm our own borders, to the direct i disadvantage of our manufacturers, but ul-” increa es their cost to our eiti- I z,ms. Ihe latere is of labor are certainly, , tlmiigh indirectly, involved in this feature of ’ our tariff system. The sharp competition i and active struggle among our mamfaeturera to supply the limited demand for their goods, soon ’ fill the narrow market to | which they are confined. Then follows a I su pension of work in tlie mills and fac-torh-s. a discharge of employes, and distress in the homes of our workingmen. Even if tlie oft‘-n disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rate ot wages would result trom free raw materials and low tariff duties, the Intelligence of our workingmen leads them quickly to discover that their steady employment permitted by free raw materials, is the must important factor in their relation to tariff legislation. A measure has been prepared by the appro- ! priate Congressional committee embodying i tariff reform on the lines herein suggested 1 which will be promptly submitted for < legislative action. It is the result of I much patriotic and unselfish work, and I believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. lam satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to the existing internal-revenue taxaI tion, will, in the near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce sufficient revenue to ! meet the needs of the Government. Additional Internal Revenue Taxes. j The committee after full consideration, and j to provide against a temporary deficiency I whi h may exist before the business of the | country adjusts itself to the new tariff sched- ' ! : ules, have wisely embraced in their plan a fev ' additional internal revenue taxes, including a • small tax upon imzomea uumeu. xiuiu cexi tam corporate investments. These new asI sessments are not only absolutely just and ' easily borne but they have the further • I merit of being such as can be remitted with--1 1 out unfavorable business disturbance whenI ever the necessity of the imposition no 1 । longer exists. In my great desire for the suc- ■ i cess of this measure I can not restrain the • I suggestion that its success cau only be attained f 1 by means of unselfish counsel on the part of ■ । the friends of tariff reform, and as a result ’ j of their willingness to subordinate personal 1 desires and ambitions to the genera' good. [ The local interests affected by the proposed ’ reform are so numerous and so varied that if all are Insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail. In conclusion, my intense feel ng of responsibility Impels me to invoke for the manifold j interests of a generous and confiding people • the most scrupulous care, and to pledge my - willing support to every legislative effort for 3 the advancement of the greatness and pros- - perity of our beloved country. Gboveb Cleveland. 3 I The Spitler as a Rain Prophet. 3 When there is a prospect of rain or 2 wind the spider shortens the filaments J ’ from which its web is suspended and r i leaves things in this Stat 3 as long as - ■ the weather is variable. If the insect j ! elongates its thread it is a sign of fine, 3 ! calm weather, the duration of which 1 । may be judged by the length, to which f ’ the threads are let out. If the spider a . remains inactive it is a sign of raiu. 1 Thirty Knots a Possibility. J. 11. Biles, the designer of the Paris t ; and the New York, suggests the pos ‘ | sibility of thirty-knot steamers. t ! The chief pleasure in eating does a j not consist in costly seasoning, or ex- | quisite flavor, but in yourself. Do you 1 I seek for sauce by labor?—Horace.

equality in japan. Tlie Thrift Which Removes the Problem of Poverty in the Lund. M hat is the reason that Japan has ।no poverty problem? One reason is . probably to be found in the land syshas given to every worker a holding and encouraged him tosuDipZ Wants by his own labor. ; 9 ort has thus been developed and n ™ ite , d ' Another reason the natural taste for country wauty; says the Fortnightly Review. Nowhere else are parties formed to visit the blosom trees and nowhere case are pilgrimages simply for the sakeof natural beauty. A country IHe has, therefore, its own interest and men do not crowd the cities for the sake of excitement There is, to, in Japan, a curious absence of : ostentations luxury. I The habits of living are in all classes much the same and the rich do not outshine the poor by carriages, palaces, and jewels. The rich spend their money on curios, which, if costly, are limited, and the most popular agitation is that against the big European houses which ministers build for themselves. Wealth is thus not aUsorbed and is more ready for investment in remunerative labor. Ihe last reason which occurs to the 111 iiid ot a traveler with comparatively few opportunities for forming opinions is the quality of manners in all classes. Rich and poor are alike courteous. It is not possible to distinguish employer from laborer by their behavior; all are clean, all are restrained. The Governor lets his child go to the common school and sit next to the child of the casual laborer, certain that his child will pick up no bad manners and get no contamination in thought or in person. This equality enables rich and poor to meet as friends, and gifts can pass without degradation. The rich nobles in the country, just as the university men whom we meet in Tokio, are thus able to give to those whom they know to be in need, and friendship becomes tlie channel of charity. The question is, Will this survive the introduction of the industrial system? It is possible that some of it may, and that Japan may teach the West how to deal with the f:oor. Double Reflections. No doubt optical illusions are responsible for many of the ghost stories which delight the credulous. '1 his is what a girl saw in broad day light as she sat in a railway car waiting for the train to pull out: un the left of her train, and very close to it, was a second train. The seats of her own car had the usual red plush -cusions, and those in the other were bright blue. At the right of the r server, and in the same ca^^ young woman loungin bbsei ver looked out thro, „ ' ' u (low on her left into the coP’G AV I ’’ ing car of the other train. TT d OII J' was also a young woman lolling back <V on the blue plush cushions and reading a magazine. A moment before tiie seat had been empty. The observer was struck by the resemblance between this young woman and the one at her right. She looked across her own car. It was the same young person, but the one in her car was actual: the one in the other was the reflection. Yet the reflected figure sat, not in a red plush seat as the former did, but on the actual plush seat with which that ear was futn--1 hed. The figure seemed perfectly ! solid, and no glimpse of tiie blue । plush was seen where the shadow i body touched the seat It was one I of the curious things which are some- ! times developed by double reflections in the presence of plenty of glass to keep up the reflection; nevertheless it was perplexing, and the o server was glad when the train left the depot, and the picture dissolved. Still Popular. So long as the sporting instinct exi ists in man, the sailing yacht will i hold its own against the giant ol i modern progress. There is no excitement so rare as that cf a close and well susta nod contest, and the racing of steam-propelled craft has never satisfied this feeling. The varying changes of the weather, the ’ opportunity afforded for the triumph ’ of personal skill in the management jof wheel and sail, and of correct 1 judgment of the best course to be ■ taken, all these combine to make the racing of the sailing yacht one of the ui l known to m<in« These conditions appeal to the cruise ing men as well. The very uncertainty of the time when port can be reached, with its added pleasure ol exploring untried harbors, adds zest j to the cruise of the leisurely yachtsmen, and he would laugh at the idea of exchanging his fickle lut satisfying plaything for the sixteen knot-an-hour steam yacht. For the busy man, steam yachts will still continue to increase and fill a very necessary part of the economy of pleasure navigation, but 1 believe they will fill their own sphere without affecting the progress of the sailing yacht. He’d Fill the Bill. “I want this tooth pulled. I just can’t stand this any longer.” “But, my dear sir, I am not a dentist.” i “VVhat in thunder are you?” “lam !an oculist. I attend to the eyes, not ! the teeth.” “Well, that’s all right. IGo to work. This is an eye teoth j that’s bothering me.” —Texas biftiugs. The Fyes. Rest and darkness are excellent restoratives for tired sight, and workers of every description cannot do belter than close their eyes and rest as frequently as their work will allow i them. The best sight becomes red, | and requires rest at least every two ’ hours.