St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 18, Number 45, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 27 May 1893 — Page 2

REAL RURAL READING WILL BE FOUND IN THIS DEPARTMENT. Some Valuable Information Concerning the Management of Bees—Two Ways of Farming—Why Stones Come to the Surface—Rotating Crops. Bee Management. When a colony swarms, 1 generally have one crate of sections or more on it, but if Ido not I take one from some other hive, or one with the see- i Lions with full combs in them. I ■ now set the hive off the stand and ( put on another hive body on the old j bottom board, with five brood frames i in it, with starters in them s; aced only from center to center, and’ till up the space with dummies. I i next put on my queen-excluding [ honey board and then the mate of: sections from the old hive, after I which a half-depth body: over tiiis is I placed another honey board, and. last I of all, tlie old hive on top of the i whole. 1 now run in my swarm that 1 will show box honey if there is a good ’ npw us hdney. I next bore a one-! the old hive, on end from the entrance 1 the young queen, when she i comes out to mate, won’t go in at the I bottom entrance where the, old queen I is and get lost. Seven days after the ■ hive swarms I take out the top brood ! frames and punch off all the queen I

cells but the best one. Ten days after the colony has swarme 1 I remove two dummies in the bottom hive and put in two brood frames with starters in them in the rente . In seven days from this 1 take out the other two dummies and add the other three frames with starters, placing them in the center as before. As soon as the young queen I egins to lay I take the one out and put the young one in her place in the bottom hive. The old queen 1 sell, kill, or make a nucleus with. I thu; get a young queen every year. Moreover, ' in seventeen days from the time my hive swarmed I have ten new frames iu tlie bottom body, and all worker combs if 1 have a good queen in the hive to start with. If they build a little drone comb I cut it out and put in worker. If I had all the combs I wanted I take the combs from tlie top story and add to the bottom body, simply ' using the top for a nucleus' to raise ! the young queen in. The reason 1 think most beekeepers ; failed in this plan was, thev left live . brood frames in the hive till the end i of the season, and took all the honey I they could get in the sections, and । then were disappointed because there I was so small a swarm of bees left, and no honey to speak of to winter on; and then they had to be fed. and the swarm was not strong enough to winter. My way is different from any other I have ever heard of, and , it works better tbauauy plan I ever! tried, because it keeps the swarms big and strong all the time.— C h; I a I‘olus, j n I , Mptlßrnrincrease the quantity ot his crops is a subject of interest and im- ' portance to every one who I Ils the ” s il. It may be profitably considered nt onr wnsnri blit the COUISG to DC

ul auv sva>uu, uui lib- vumm, w uv pur-ued in any given year must be ‘ decided upon before the time for ex- ‘ ecuting the plan arrives. There are two distinct methods of securing the result desired. One is to increase the acreage; the other is to give the crops more food and better care. The one aims to increase production by a mere enlargement of area The other seeks •by improved methods to make an increase in the yield per acre. The former method is more frequently adopted; the latter usually gives the most profitable returns. Large areas are tar more likely to be neglected than small ones. On account of this neglect an increase in the quantity of land often fails to give any thing ap proaching a proportionate mcrca e in the quantity of the crop. ( n the other hand, high manuring and improved culture almost invariably give a large and immediate increase in the yield. Two acres which are heavily manured and thoroughly cultivated often give a larger aggregate y ield and are almost sure to return a much greater profit than three acres of equally good land which is only moderately fertilized and sparingly cultivated. Then, too, the quality of the product of a rich and well-cult hated field is superior to that of poor and neg ected land, and the man who feeds h-s crops li! erally and cultivates them thoroughly can have the pleasure of sending to market something that vrill sell readily and that will give satisfaction to the purchasers The principle above stated applies to the production of grass, grain, fruits, vegetables—in fact to pretty much everything that is grown on the farm. The efficient remedy for the evils of small crops is to be found not in planting or sowing more land than has been previously used in this manner, hut in applying a larger quantity of manure to the same area and giving more thorough cultivation to the growing plants. — American I-arm

News. I otating Crops. ( No one has greater need to study the rotation of crops than the market- ■ gardener. With the area of his land ■, usually limited, and the number of his crons almost limitless, it requires a good memory to make sure that one crop does not follow another of th. j same species within the allotted । space of time, which should not bo . 1 ss than four years for most crops.) There are exceptions, like the onion | crop, which does well year alter year । unon the same field, as also does the corn crop, but they are few and well , known to most of the gardeners. Ana | even these sometimes fail by reason i of smut, maggot, etc., that get pos-■

session of the land. Ln fact, the theory of rotation of crops is not altogtherdeiendent upon the idea of the exhaustion of the soil by too long growing of the same crop. If it were the chemists could tell us what to supply to keep it fertile, but insect pests and fungus disease get poss sI sion of the field, and can only be exterminat d by a failure to find the plant upon which they arc bred, and there is another thing in which the writer fully believes, though more i learned men will not acknowledge its i existence, and that is that certain । plants send out from their roots se- ’ cretions whi di uro in jurious or poisonI ous, if so strong a term is needed, to ; other plants of the same species. I Tris may be found as fungous or bact rial in character by t >e scientists, , but it is there just the same, unless destroyed by some element in the i soil or the manure used.—Arne ican I Cultivator. E.-mminc the Clav. Farmers who have clay fa ms must 1 not ex[ ect that they will soon prove mines of wealth for the manufacture ;of aluminum. This valuable metal can indeed be extracted from clay in the proportion of one-third of alumi- , num to the amount of clay used in the process. But large beds of bouxj ite, a metal containing aluminum in proportions’of -14 to 48 per cent have been discovered in Georgia and Alabama. They are exceedingly ' valuable, asaluminum is undoubtedly 1 a meta! that will be largely used in !

; , the near future. May be there are beds of bouxite in some of the Northern States It pays modern farmers to post themselves to some extent in ' geology and mineralogy. The lack of such knowledge lias led many a farm- । er to dispose of land containing val« l uablc minerals for much less than it?, j true value. It is quite likely that i this has already been done by farmers । in Alal ama and Georgia in selling I lands which a-e now regarded as ex- ! tremely valuable.—American Cultij vat or. Stones Coming to the surface. it is often a wonder to farmers in s; ring where stones com 1 from. Gather them up as carefully as they may be each year, another plowing will bring more and more to tlie surface. Stones do not "grow," astro । farmer’s boy may sometimes think, when set each year on the same Held ■ :to pick them up. They are brought ' I nearer the surface mainly by wasting ' 1 away of the surface soil. As this is wasned off and its vegetable matter ' dissipated in the ar, the stone re- ' ■ mains Even the stone becomes ■ | smaller year by year, especially if ot lime or other dissolvable substance. 1 It was, undoubtedly, from tlie original rocks that the basi- ot all soil is I derived, an 1 the p ocess of dissolu- . tion still goes on, though, of course, much more slowly than when there’ i was more carbonic acid gas in the j

earth’s atmosphere. Variety In Tree I’lnnllng. J Bows ffm?' mor" than of I use. Nor are ail species equally J adapted to different situations on the j same street. Tim elm delights in low. moist ground, and unless it has j plenty of moisture will be rather i

scrawny than graceful and bending. ’ as its natural habit when it has full, chance for development. Experience , shows like adaptation of other tree-) to particular localities. S'rghuni as Forage Sorghum sugar trees is not much used at the East for forage, owing tc its hard rind, which makes it difficult to? stock to chew it. Besides, it has not as mu.*h or as good nutrition acorn stalk; fed with nubbin ears or. them. 11-it the sorghum has a very deep root and will endure the droughts that are more common ii

Western States than in New England 1 ■or New York. The sorghum leaf rarely n.ds in hot weather if the ground is thoroughly cultivated. Give the liens Work in Eating. No way to promote the health of fowls is better than that which makes them do some scratching tc • get their food. One of the best ways ; to do this is to plow and mellow as ' early in spring as possible some) ground near the hen card, and sow on it pretty liberally oats and barley, covering very slightly. Not only will rolling in this dirt clear the fowls of lice, but they will find many worms and inserts to stimulate egg production. What Mr. Frog Had to Tell. Frogs, as well as "humans, ” must occasionally have peculiar experiences, One would like to know exactly bow they toll a story like the following, on going home to Mrs. Frog and the children! Charlotte M. Younge says: One day, as a snake was crossing our lawn, it was seen and pursued by ! some member of the family. It . seemed to 1 e rather portly and incapable Gs Hight, and finally, in order to . be free to move, it opened its jaws e and emitted a frog, after which it j wriggled rapidly away. i The frog lav pulkd out at full

length, a ghastly spectacle. A great deal of sympathy was expended over its inanimate form, and just as It was about to bo removed from the spou, telmld! it drew in first one leg and then the other, contracted itsell into a respectable frog, and hopped off as if nothing had been amiss! “My dear,” it probably said tc Mrs. Frog, on reaching the jond, “1 shall never smile again. Such a remarkable experience as mine sobers one for life. I went out this morn i ing camparatively young and cheerj ful: I return an older and a saddei ; frog!” I Many a man who tells you how tc 1 do a thing, can’t do it himself.

THEFIRSTOTF^ 4 ORIGIN OF MEMORIAL DA^ ' FIRST OBSERVANQ Gen. Logan’s Order E»tabllsXoration Day — Impressive aahlng Scenes at Arlington Nearlyfe? of a Century Ago-The Cerem 1868 and 1869. _ Gen. Logan's Ord 1

troublous days of the pngl one suggested that it would' behold , a national memorial clay ini o * ' Union dead. The idea mW sp° n * । taneous approval, and a popular chord of syn^V l . the hearts of the people north aeon and Dixon’s line. It lequired only a tion io bring the which was accomplish^Hw J ing order sent out iromjSi^g^J^ Headq'hs Grand Ahi, Adjutant L en 416 Foi RrH^& a j , Washington’, Ij9V des!?Ge.ieral Orders No 11. iMM 1. The 3Jih day ot Os nuted for the purpose of'itnOf their or otherwise decorat comrades who died in del^ ’ j

। c.>untry during the late rei ? ?' whose holies now lie In almos' , ' ue I village, hamlet and churchi, ccre ’ I land. In this observance no iRm Ct.mmony is prescribed, but post** such , rades will, in their own way. refitting services and testnnoJ j speet as circumstances will p i as 9 ur , We are organized, comra{ among । regulations tell us. for the putreugthother things, “of pjeservlng !iiceUt!g-« eniag those kind and fratef' Idlers, which have bound together t£’®H ier • sailors and marines who ur ftcc^ can to suppress the late rebellion. aid more to assure this resi-\ our chert-hing tenderly t:e meqf 4 har- . heroic dead, who made their I . ricade between our country a*‘ e o! heir soldier lives were tho^ri their 1 freedom to a race in cbaiu« 6n, W deaths the tutt to if a rcbelll w '"a' e- ’ in arms. We should guard tIF n’e- ; with sacred vigilance. Ail that can crated taste and wealth of tht I 3 but add t their adornment and sec ' slain a fitting tri! ute to the mem try rude- ■ defenders Let no wanton foot J’eas- . ly on such hallowed grounds. A 1 - ant paths invite the coming al * bet reverent visitors and fond mo^ ’ rav- | no vandalism of avarice or negil I*’ tilo

1 ages of time testify to the । r< M»i coming generations thatsve havi ^dtas a people, the cost of a frtrnW— . vided republic. If other eyes grow dull, and «' c slack, and other hearts gro v * n ' a " solemn trust, ours keep it weqß I lite light and warmth of life rjff ß; , ! Li t us, then, at the timeapp^BL ir ‘ a '? 1 around their sa red remains. S'* *‘ u ‘ the passionless mounds above* lI S the choicest flowers of sprlngt*© g 5 " ? । raise above them the dear oi®* o ‘® u " 1 laved from dishonor; i »t us !n tW na 1 presence renew our pledges to nii 31 .5-2?’ j list those whom they li eve left a sacre 1 charge upon a nation’s" r

—the soldiers and sai.or^widi^ 4 ,».t’?-ro f-* f "o!<-. H< carneß n > ' , the public press t<> call to th & j I ardcr .t-d Im I .t- friendly el J hi bringing 1 it to th hot ice of comrades i: fell parti m | the country in thm for dmultar.eous com1 pilance there with. I ; Ih'pnttmeat commanders will usy ■ e- erv etTort to make this ord- r effective. j Uy order < f John A. Lo as.

G-mniander-hi-ctdef. Official: X. P- CHIPMAN. Adjutm-t G nera’. i A a result of this initial movement j the loyal ] oplc In twenty-sewn States land at I s i burying places met oe May 30 ; n 1 condu led the first memorial s nice to the I nion dead. Such was । the elevating character of this solemn ; demonstration that Congress deter- ; mined to Lave the piece-dings of the ! meeting collected ai d bound. This is 'tie origin of De-oration day, which, . ’ sine 1- »l\ has annually been or served i n the United States. J Probably nt no other place in th-' ; country on this first‘Decoration Day were the ceremonies more touching and

i imposing th. n at the national eemet< ry a - Arlington Heights, near Washington city, wtere are buried 22,0 V Union -oldiers. The services were conducted entirely under the auspices of the Department of the Poto: ac, Grand Army of to > Renubl c, with the co-operatlen i of the public authorities displaying itI self in military array and contributions i o: flowers. The exercises were opened at 1 ' o clock in r< nt ot the Arlington manBion by Mr. W. T. Coil ns, who read Gen. Logan’s order designating this 2av as a memorial day. Rev. Byron Sunderland offered a i rayer. after which a hymn was sung. General James Garfield was then introduced and delivered an eloquenti and impressive address. The assemblage then sanga patriotic song and to the reading of an original poe> ' Mr. J, C. Smith. As the Forty-M Inian'ry Dan 1 played a dirge the V tb3 cession formed and marched aroun gardens sou’h of the mansion, the dren from the Soldiers and Bailors V. phan Xsvlum strewing flowers uponKjggraves us they passed. I'he procesF halted at the tomb of the dead an 1 a fervent prayer was olttF^o by Bev. I. G. Butler, followed by the singing of an appropriate chorus by Wie Arion Club. The tomb was decorated ) and the procession marched to the flag stand at the principal cemetery, where the ceremonies were opened with prayer by the Kev Chas. A . Lelley, of t Chicago. Mr. Holbert C. Baine, of Wisconsin, 1 read the dedicatory address delivered

at Gettysburg by President Lincoln. After the reading of the address the graves througho it the cemetery were decorated. In the folk wing year sill mere extensive preparations were made for observing Decoration Day. In thirty-one States and in 33G towns and cities the lay was observed with impressive ceremonies. FRI ELA3T. 8.0 hers Keen.. . a Memorial Day A- jnblage. Some years ago, at a Memorial Day assemblage in one of the Northern Territories, alter the ceremonies were over and the crowd was commencing to break tp, two men came face to face near the graves that had been covered with the V-mbols of renewed brotherhood,

They stood transfixed, then one held ' out his hand to the other. “Jim,” he said, “I’ve never stopped looking for you since the war.” The other man never spoke, but kept , looking him steadily in the eye. “Jim,” again commenced the one who had spoken, “the war has kept us long enough apart; let us be friends again— , bi others oneb more.” A crowd had gathered, attracted by the scene, an 1 one of the bystanders who knew the speaker said: “What’s the matter, Leonard? Is । that the brother you have been tellin’ about Leonard nodded. “And he won’t make up with you now?" “No: I suppose l e can't forget,” and Leonard looked s-.dly at his brother, who was turning to leave him.

N th^ of 7 I years I after tse of I the if J by I the ti^jople 1 were Bating well t o ■ their Svoca- I tious|[i time * to cwbught Lackßp, bbe

"Hold on. stranger,” called the bystander, and the departing man turned a.ound. “I want to give you a pointer,” e> ntmuc‘l he; “this brother of youis h«s I been my friend sin e the war, and if he i did fight cn the rel el side, that’s nothi ing against him now; eou e with m > a | minute,” and taking bls arm, he led him i back to the graves and showed him the ! name on one o them. “There,” ho said, "your I rother could foig.ve him. and every year he con.es here and puts flowers on his g: aw, and □ yet that man, when your brut, er tr e I ■•^escape when he was taken pnscner, !p”wa" I tn- e ho * the up to Sow what are your — ' T&r ^vay ’‘"tthout mak.ng “liememher, ” he added with a snn.p, . "there isn’t as much him to forgive ns when he mtho mistake of taking the wrong side, and rei. cm! er, too. ” he added, taking off his hat.

“what’s lelt mayn’t le hete to forg ve whi n you make up your mind you want to.” There was a moment’s pause, and then a cheer went up as the brothers turned away together. FIRST TIME UNDER FIRE. Impressions of a Soldier Graphically To!d by 11 nuclf. I am requested, however, to write my impressions of a soldier under tiro for the first time, says a writer in an exchange. Those who remember the pallid hue of the enemy at that time doubtle-s woull kindly advise silence on my part, but I’m not under oath at present, neither are there many witnesses living to dispute my Hight—of fancy as I place myself in battle array i and wait for the skulking enemy to a 1vauee and get shot I sell that article Ly the pound). How one foi ls under fire tor the first time is not a pleasant i thing to recount. I have a dim. ha y . recollection that for about a half-hour | piece l;ng that time I was nut be:<’it of ;

sensation, although my bleed was • frozen, an I I experienced the sa 1e ; fueling a Loy dt es who knows .Lore’s a i due from hi- 1 aternal ancestor anJtha. , n> hag a record for kt . P p ng his work. lu. u e ver experienced tlie j ^.nsati'n n UllMi b( . W n ‘tnrc-^L traC ‘ t " ;:h h cannon j ball cm r< ‘ne in tbn . ..... n nd“ mo X UC but 1 iX* 11 ® s,lck r the I track, tut the feelings o f I a p’ r "' \ ilaHk, un avurabi,. eoninitdi. are^t UK ; ,. r lire r : v’v r thttt 1 was as. k-i. , _ . tie o. W.ru vi •y*

that ti :<. • . . g -wvet. m \ irnr^— t I "Pro leno publico, vox icpu'd, vox I Del” and olht r well-known ext ress.ons ' o> war heroes, bomehow, < u the eve battle, I failed to remember anv ot these, but 1 did 'hink of “Home, Sweet Home,” and how J used to sit in the gloaming of the back wocdei.etl, while u y i other shook the fem <ut of n y

w.udrote. The f :-t 1. elmg that felt of me real hard, when the cm my learned that I was trying to keep in front o. them, was a desire to asdst the no lo hospital stewards at the rear and h n 1 my adv c an 1 knowledge of military operations to the war evrn-] ■ nts and other m n-comi atuns. Intact, I lai balf-consented to ailowmys.lt a, furlough, wk-, n 1 discovered that I l ad hesitat'd too long and tho.e w..s , s f . u- h danger in lunnmg away as to r.--n ain end lea iirst-cias> h< ro <r a • ul- : t-ri i !.• • rps I ad no i facts at hand to st ite which. 1 th nk 1 sm le . a sickly smile at mt coxrmles an 1 tr ed : to push my hair down and reak the Icicle that bad formed along n.y -1 -me.

Main the enemy ■ e ame somewhat [/ N, 2 ' _—c -G.Y I\— 7 \ IN A “HAIL OF BULLETS.” 1 active in their firing someone said, “Draw sabers and charge,” but 1 tried hard not to hear it. 1 Could see the enemy and they looked worried wh n they saw me, and I felt so sorry to ' e obliged to split their heads open with my sword that I faip would ha-.e turned lack without molesting them. Several men who started with me had turned back, and a few had stop; el short ami were no longer in it. Cne rude thing that shocked my youn r nerves was the carelessness of ti e enemy, especially the art lleiy, in aiming their weapons. A man about No. 3 from me was hit m

the bosom with a shell. Os course, this wasn’t edifying to a young soldier under fire for the first time, but a .er the battle was over, and we w ere safe out of the enemy’s reach, one. man, who ha-1 , never been in a battle, said t wasn ; anything to find fault about. “hst , wait,” said he, “until xou get a warm • cannon ball in the breast, and then you’ll have some reason to complain that war isn’t what its cracked up to be.” In this I attle we knock* i the spots off the enemy, and I wrote home telling my people that we did it, a--though I don’t remember firing a single shot, still I may in a moment of enthuo- ■ iasm or abstractedness have den x?o. My recollection is that the first time 1 J was under fire I acted in an irrational, > irresponsible manner, and not in keeping with the character of a hero. At

the second affair I took kindly refuge b hind a tree, being at that time an or- • derly for a general who was one of the Lest rear guard directors of the whole war. I believe the generosj ity of this grand military gentleman saved my life. I regard a wide-chested i tree as a bulwark of protection in a j battle that no man who prizes life, libj erty and the pursuit of happiness can 1 ignore. Seriously, my feelings when ' under fre for the first time we.e that I i had mistaken my trade and preferred ' clerking in a corner grocery store, or । herding cattle, to the glory and fame of a loldier’s life. Subsequently I was ' present in several battles, but I haven’t a written expression from the com- ; mander-in-cidef that I saved the day or died as heroes die. I have never been 1 presemed with medals, the dozen or so । that I wear when on parade at cot nty

: airs and picnics have been purchased of regular dealers in heroic emblazonry. But 1 desire to say, for the I enefit of posterity, that I have had some hairbn acith escapes outside of war as she ; is '.ought on the battlefields of nations. • In dorm Stic affairs I have met the enemy a cl “aie Lem eveiy time.” There are such things as being under fire and ! being fired. I have experienced both | r.n 1 still no one will cover me over with leautiful f.owers for what I have sufft ri cl. Memorial Day is here and I

think it has come io stay. I’m glad to be able to relate my experience in Lat--1 tie for tlie first time more as a seientifio 1 of ’fiWVaW 1 to ,he vetitnial or epilepsy , . - . . ... - : see my name in public 1 nnt. As nas j teen said Le'ore, " Tls sweet for one’s ! country L> die,” tut no man who has I died in that way has said so. It’s the ; fellow who didn’t get killed who sac--1 chariot ly views death on the battlefield and knows ail about dying.

. \ -11 / - c . A - - 2^-'' -jL- -- -- ‘ ’•b® lvllts Halitown I I F ' 0 I The fog was heavy, the morn 11 was damp; \V_>/ The soiuiers sleeping dreamed of home: V. ben -pe<l a courier, flecked with foam. To Mafor 'ullivam brave and true. Then “Lo ts and saddles’’ his t ugierblew. Ami at the call each soldier woke, Sa hlie l his -teed, anti the -4ITn. -s broke With clanking sal . r and neighbig steed, r r doie, by the liter was terrible need < f : n who cotud tight anti save the day U ! I liar oftic r's cowardice threw away. Vuic’K In o line! lie battalion was ready. -By tw >s from tlie right,” each In r>emaa was steady : -lorward, march.'''and away they -ped. But neve’ a word ih? Meji r said, ovvr th- pike ere the m riling sLcen Had rtdleaed the east with luminous

reUto MO&I lhe rixvp..- p , ■ i then toward 1 ~ »- >r th-ni< r'dng si.'wcd ? ro. ■'' v " r f . ht’ieri titbegray. d a dead I nlonsblu^ a ' found' .^hocds pomwl. , Then the Major cries ‘•Halt**’ * are deployed. And darkness with daybreak Is t.uicmj

Il >4 4 • i > IV U V 1 ” * ' ■ • . » alloyed. Bang: bang! go the carbines, down by tea for 1, Some - -idler has fallen and drank of | death’s gourd; S -me mmhuG heart-broken, some fathers ' sad — X fin ly will tn urn for their volunteer -Now, bi - " cries ti e Major, “we’re in for the fght, '1 .e re! sn ay are sot m.ng beyond on the ruht; Thej ’ • two tn our one—we won’t *how the white feather. But 1:' t. -i I.ls it so we’ll all die together. Draw -<:ibrrs and charge, every man fol _ .\e ’Lem the steel, and Mo* y >hall .. k ... • „ ... - .. i»• f. -f

T .e ‘Eiist vets* are true; now m lor iiie ; A cht er. an 1 the rebels are flying away! I riven Eke snow In awl iter gale Few came back to tell the tale. And ‘•Jerry” Sullivan, truest and best. । Lay dead by the river, a wound In his breast. Men who were young have now grown gray, >lnce at Cnbletown, that April day, sull.’-an led his troopers down Past where the rebels : ting John Brown, Down I y the rive:, hard 'ey the ford. , ; I Tl-e dauntless soldier drained deata s gon rd. I Place on his grave some dowers to-day. । lira vest and tenderest, his comrades say. A XV- nd: rful Sj inster of Old. Spinster Annie Maria von Schurmann i was the name of a woman who lived at Utrecht during the sixteenth - entury. , : She was so learned a woman that ail : men of science of that day considered her a marvel. She epoke German, ' ! I reneh, English, Italian, Latin, Greek, I and Hebrew with equal facility, and ! even understood Ihe Syrian, Chaldaic, i Arabic, and Ethiopia'! tengues. As- ) tronomy, geography, philosophy, and I t: eol- gv were her special hobbies, and l she wrote many interesting pamy hlets j on these subjects. Aside from this she was a painter, sculptor, and engraver of high degree, and played and devised several musical instruments. She was held in high esteem by. and corresponded with, many of the prominent savants of the age, even with Richelieu, queen Anne of France, Elizabeth of Poland, and Chris’hm of Sweden. She dieJunmfirris fi at. tho atxc of «2.

mu: riuu in mt- * — The Iliiinrxn B ><ly. The human body contains 1 bones and fioo muscles; the heart beats 70 times a minute, displacing each time 11 gran mes of blood. Ail the blood passes I through the heart in three minutes. In a normal condition the lungs contain a litres of ai> : we breathe 1,200 times every hour. The.re are 13 elements m H-e body- 5 gaseous and " solid. A man weighing 7b kilogrammes represents 41 kill' .ammes o: oxygen, -of hydio_en, ■ : 7:< ot azote. < O'* grammes of chlorine, '.-.ii grammes of fluorine, 22 kilogrammes of carl on. S' 0 grammes of phosphorus, U 0 grammes of sulphur, 1.77.0 grammes of calcium, 80 grammes of potassium. 5" grammes of iron, no precious metals.

— An Attractive Exhibit at the World’S Fair ’ We gather from our Northwestern exchanges that a most attractive exhibit of products of the seven Northwestern I States is being made by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company at the World’s I Columbian Exposition, which opened the Ist of May, and Wid continue until Nov. 1. 1893. ‘ The samples of products which ate being exhibited were gathered from the States of Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montara, Idaho, j Washington and Oregon and are ar- ! r; nged in two elegant exhibit cars built especially for the purpose by the com- । pany at their shops at St. l aul. Each one of the cars has two Urge Lay win- । dows on each side reaching from the floor to the roof, as well as other large win- : dows. The cars are vestibuled an« I splendidly decorated. The samples _ol products displayed in the cars will in-

clude all kfndsof grains, fruits, grasses, ores, woods, iron, coal, pie< ious metals and stones, hops, tolaceo, building stone, wool, fish, aerate!. dried, preserved and canned fruits and vege- ' tables, and in the season fresh apples, [ears, plums, peaches, prunes, grapes, me ons, roots an 1 garden vegetables w 11 be exhibited. This general collection of products will show the resour es of thc^ extensive regions trave: sed by the Northern Pacific Railroad in its < ourse trom the

Great Lakes to 1 uget Sound and the Pacific Coast, a distance of 2,500 miles, intending settlers w.ll find it to their advantage to examine the samples of Northern Paeifie exhibit. The products wm resourci^nf an important reg on of country - open lor se tlement, in whkh there is 10cm for a million families to secure independent homes. The ears are placet on one of the tracks in the large annex to the Transportation Exhibit

Building. This exhibit building is one of the grandest of the Exposition buldings, and will contain for exhibit an extremely ii ten sting collection of every i known veh ele, vessel, conveyance or contrivance for transportation by land, water and air, both ancient and modern, from the finest modern locomotives, vessels and cars to the most ancient known devices for transportation. A Petrified Standing Forc-t. There are several places in the West — I in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and I Utah in particular —where large petrii lied, agatized, silicified or jasperized 1 trees are found. These, as far as I have been informed, are lying down. Not so : with the petrit ed forest of Custer Ceunj ty, Idaho. This forest of stone, acI cording to the discoverer, F. B. Schemerhorn, seems to have ail been standing at a time when the whole section i was overflowed with a stream of plastic • clay. This clay settled around the trunks of the forest giants, converting them into stone, leaving the tops sticking out. In the course of time the fumes from the plastic mass, which is of volcanic origin, transformed the limbs tc j stone also, and now the whole is a I standing forest of solid rock.—St. Louis | Republic. Check the First Approach Os rheumatism, and further attacks may be escaped, if proper precautions against exposure are taken, and there be no hereditary predisposition. Unfortunately, people who ultimately become chronic sufferers, too often neglect the trifling twinges and premonitory stiffness which herald the advent of this ago-

perfectly eaf- it 'S whic h are frequent!l \ ' drugs used for its than useless, and nothing more nor w - .to life in a ?hght overdose, is a i.W o do= . re , a may fitly be urg'-d uponperso^ {ailedt oob- ' obtain relief safUx■, « v5 o U do-reniedies fox I tain it from the numerous p=-uo. \ thia disease in the market. 1 ~ UT— ™ warrant.

< ;oort Reason tor a « i is a tru r ° '? P bef°ore a a j inetiop obtain a warrant ueioiv ; veac e in a certain county in V esterW«a CaToUn& The names alone are chang .. “T O p, n Smith being duly sworn deposit says that et and in said county ami - n —2 Township Tom Jones and wqy Brown did feloniously and w.llfully ce ther my Sund Jack and toted him to the River and throde him in and cursed him and ) told him dam him to waid contrary to law and against the peace and dignity of the State. Sworn to & subscribed before me, Ac., G. W. H., J. P.” The largest mammoth tusk yet discovered was sixteen feet.

Spring Medicine Is needed by nearly everybody to purify the blood, cleanse the system of the winter's acenmulation of impurities, and put the whole body in good condition for the summer, buch universal satisfaction has Hood’s Sarsaparilla given for this purpose that it ia the most suci cessful and most popular Spring iledlcine. . If you feel weak and tired. Hood's Sarsaparilla is just what you need to restore your strength, and make you feel perfectly well. WA .A J i\ / i \ /

The following is from Hon. Wm. S. Warner, a gentleman highly esteemed by all who know him: “lean truly say that I consider Hood's Sarsaparilla the best medicine for purifying the blood. It did me good when physicians auu I other medicines failed. It has increased my ; pai-illa Cures appetite and seemed to rtnew my youth. This is absolutely true." W. S. Wabner, Fond du Lac. Wis. Heed's Pills cure all liver ills, biliousaess, jaundice, indigestion, sick headache. ) FMERTS. TRAPE-MaRKS, - Examination and Advice as to Patentability of In- . vention. Send for investors’ Guide, or How to Ge» s Patent. FaTßlck O’!' aeseu, Washington, I s . O.