St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 18, Number 32, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 25 February 1893 — Page 8

HOME AND THE FARM. A DEPARTMENT MADE: UP FOR OUR RURAL FRIENDS. Description ofa Quick Method for Makins Cider Vinegar—The Dairyman’s Economy — Cultivating the Small Grains— Points /.bout Poultry. Making Vinegar. Vinegar is a weak solution of acetic acid, which is produced by the rution of a minute vegetable germ on the sugar contained in the liquid to be acidified. This germ changes the sugar into alcohol, first, and this by further action becomes acetic acid. The germs when accumulated Into a mass appear as a kind of soft jellylike substance which is found in the vessels in which vinegar has been made and kept, and is commonly Fro. 1. QUICK METHOD OF MAKING ! CIDER VINEGAI’.

called the ••mother’' of vinegar, which it really is in fact. When dried, the<e germs, which are so small as । to be in\isible, float off into the air, and as the supply of them is inexhaustibly kept up by the constant souring of various matters containing sugar, all that is necessary is to expose some sweet liquid to the air and t will at once begin to ferment and finally sour, making what we call vinegar. Vinegar is a very wholesome substance and is lieli-ned to have a useful effect on the digestive process, and thus we instinctively desire it in our food. Hut as it is rather difficult to j procure it pure and free from inJuri-j ous mineral acids, it is much safer to 1 make it from fruit cider. Cider vinegar has a small quantity of malic or apple-acid in it. and this makes it more agreeable. In making vinegar from cider only the very best shou d be use 1. This is only made from ripe apples. < uite free from decay and the common worms often found in the ; fruit chosen for vinegar making. The i most perfect cleanliness should be followed with ail food substances, Tor such is the uncountable numbers of ways in which germs, bad as well as good, affect the health, that no risks ■ahauld be run of harm from injurious eu through

‘ the finest part of the pomace is separated, and other impurities that would form a good deal of sediment in the vinegar are got rid of: and then stored in perfectly clean barrels. According to tiie American Agriculturist all that is required, then, to make cider vinegar is to expose the cider to the air, from which the active germs of fermentation are gathered without any trouble. They exist in \\ V, I o. FIG. 2. VINEGAR MAKING IN LARGE QUANTITIES.

the air in innumerable quantities. ■ There are sevsial ways of doing this. • But the quickest way is generally most desired. The store barrels are ! placed where six, or more, feet of space may be had below them. A faucet is fitted into each barrel. I An open tub is set under the barrel. ; and a sloping boa d. or several of! them, are arranged to lead a Une stream ot the eiderdown those i oar-U j n t ) t•, \t». r i'o lessen the till 10 o iai more, two of these tubs may be | used? one below the other so as to expose the cider twice as long to the air. Ti.e tub should be large enough to hold as much as will How in twelve, or twenty-four hours, and when it is nearly filled, the partly made vinegar is carried or pumped up into the barrel again. In this way, with a temperature of SO degrees Fahrenheit, good vinegar is made in three or four days, and when barrelled < r put in suitable close vessels, it will keep improving in strength for years. [This method is shown in the annexed illustration. Fig. I.] For a large quantity of vinegar another method, but on the same principle with a larger exposure to the air, may be used. This consists of a series of vats placed one belovi ths other (Fig. 2.) so that the liquid may run from one to the other into a receptacle at the bottom. The intention is to have the greatest possible exposure of the liquid to the air. This

is secured by filling the vats with , beech shavings,or birch twigs, through ; which the li ]tiid trickles slowly. Air is circulated through the vats by I means of holes bored near the l ottom, I just above the level of the pipe | through which the young vinegar , flows into the next vat. At the top of each vat there is a board pierced with holes above the shavings, and the liquid flows in thin streams down through the holes. A Dairyman’s Economy. The man who expects to make a profit from his labor and capital by dairying, must be more than the keeper of cows, lie must be a dairyman in taste, education, and practice. The great trouble with dairying and why it is not more profitable, lias been well expressed byProf. Roberts, who recently said: A majority of the herds are made up of worthless cows and scrubs, that do not pay their keep one month out of the twelve. This is so, because these men have not studied the law that governs milk production as applied both to the cow and the food; and until these are understood and definite methods | adopted, and these methods in hari mony with the dairy, there need be \no fear of over-production, as popu--1 lation and demand are fa-t outstripI ping production, and cows cannot Ie j supplied in any numbers < n demand. When the good cow has been provided and suitable food furnished, there needs to be a more intelligent hand- ! ling of milk, cream and butter, as well as cheese, in their manufacture. Bv our antiquated ways of handling milk, there is too great a loss of fats ai three points of manufacture: In setting the milk, in its creaming and in churning: ordinary methods shewing a loss of fully one pound of fats to each 100 pounds of milk. So that the good cow, that gives 0,000 pounds of milk per year, is prevented from sixty pounds of butter that better methods would have placed to her credit. ‘‘Better methods stimulate consumption, and the l etter the food the better the civilization,” is a true saying, and should be heeded by every dairyman who wishes to be progressive. The whole matter turns on intelligence, knowledge, and understanding, and th ■ three put in dailv practice, and once m force, should never thereafter be abandoned. Cultiva'lni; the Nmall Grain*. The notion of some agricultural writers that wheat, rye, oils and barley would in a few year-, be cultivated. as corn is now cultivated, is hardly warranted by any present experience. Tiie spring small grams are undoubtedly benefited on rich land bv harrowing when they come up, because on such land this induces the plants to tiller or spread, and shoot up more stalk* than they otherwise would. But when the plant is nearing tiie time for heading out cultivation would certainly be harmful. It would induce too rank a growth, causing the straw to fall down, and

’ preventing the hea ls from tilling _I he check to small grain from r ich ^Stciu <• r« ’v» oik l j uui>,hi u* |H» icuto any from getting an over-supply of nitr gen, and is better for the crop ( than growing each plant by itself. The scattering oat plants that somc- । times appear in hoed crops, passing through the excrement of grain-fed hor-es, usually rust -i badly that neither straw nor grain i- worth any- ; tiling. Leaf Mold Irani Ihr UomK While it doe- not pay t" bo at the i trouble of gathering fallen leaves t t i manure, leaf mold the manufa tured j pioduct of said leaves, may often lc lose with advantage. Leaf nod is of j advantage as a mulch, keeping the ra ns from forming a crust on heavy soil, or the >un from burning out the moisture of a light one. Leaf mold is mainly carl on,and hence in the soil is not so much advantage as a mulch un’essfirst mixed with nitrate or phos- ; phate manures. With these it fiy- , nishes lust what plants need, and in i the carbonic-acid gas it gives of! it helps to keep mineral fertilizers fr m j becoming inso üble, as they quickly will in contact with pure clay or sand. I'olnts About Poultry. Puilets will prove much more profitable if they are nut crowded by ; the other fowls. j Nothing can take the place of good i management in the winter as well as | in summer. I One advantage with poultry on the farm is that they can readily be given a free range.

By culling and marketing reasonably early a considerable saving can be made in feed. The best way of feeding clover is to run through a cutting box and then soak < ver night. To II wk liens lay well in the. winter they must have warm quarters and be fed 111 erally. There is a considerable difference in the taste of a well fattened fowl and one that is thin and scrawny. , It is not a good plan to attempt to : confine fattening turkeys for any considerable time; let them run until about ten days before marketing. . The crumbs and scraps from the ! table and parings and waste from vegetables, all of which usually go ! into the garbage barrel, will be relished by hens and manufactured by ! them into fresh eggs. , Farmers should attend poultry exhibitions and see the differen* breeds . for themselves Don't believe all the > stories interested exhibitors tell you, I but go and master the matter yourI self and be your own judge. The proper way to sell eggs would jbe by weight. As long as this is not 1 the custom, keep hens that produce tne largest ones, and sell only to prv ! vate customers who will pay accoi*< I ing to actual value.

JEST LIKE A BIG CITY. A REGULAR MUNICIPALITY IN JACKSON PARK. Facts About the Sewerage System—lt Is Claimed that Every Noxious Vestige Will lie Destroyed—Attractive Simplicity of the Ohio Building. New System of Drainage. Chicago correspondence: “The White City” is an appropriate name for the World’s Fair. Its predominant color Is white, and it possesses all the attributes of a city, and a very cosmopolitan one at that. It will bo complete in every detail, Avith its temples, libraries, theaters, music halls, art galleries, and panoramas, which, with the schools in the Illinois and women’s buildings, form tho amusement and educational institutions of a metropolis. It has also its manufactories, restaurants, hotels, and liveries, its fire and police departments—even to a justice shop, in which It is possible a real Chicago justice may be on exhibition. Lastly, this city, besides many other things, will have broad boulevards, shady promenades, and handsome parks, drained by a most complete set of tiles and waste plp.es emptying into large mains, whose contents are kept in constant motion by the use of compressed air. The system of sewerage has not been tested. It is a combination of several! methods of disposing of sewage and will be given a thorough and lasting, trial, which will settle for all time its claim as being the best solution of tho’ problem of efficiently disposing of immense quantities of sewage. It ingeniously combines the disinfectant and cremation methods, so as to leave abso-

if r~ 0 $5 US i $ niF MIkI i 'JT nW I iWB lu " rORTIVO OF STATE BCIIDIXG.

Intelv no noxious residue. In tach building the sewerage pipes concentrate in Iwo large oval tanks called ejectors. These tanks when filled are arranged to automatically op n nn escape pip° al one side, while on th< other side compressed air tan :*or Ph it r r< • - the muO'WwT out until the tanks empty, whefi the valves reverse and the tanks again fill. The sewerage mains lend to the southeast corner of the grounds. their contents being forced along by compressed sir operated at a pressure of 1» 0 pounds to the square inch. At the main t> rm-< Inals are erected four large clv»nsj^ tanks .< feet high by 25 feet in diameter. In the center of each tank Is a larg ■ standpipe open nt the top and bottom. The large tanks are connected to work in pairs and are clustered about a five-foot standpipe through which the sewage is forced to a smaller fifth tank, the lower i art of which is on a level with the t<q s of the large re elvers. Ab the sewage, in its passage through this! apparatus, reaches the small central: lank it revives a quantity of a dtslnfe tant chemical. The quantity of the chemical used is gauged according to the volume of wa.-te passing through the pipes, which i ass from the disinfecting tank to the central standpipes in the large tanks. As the fluid mass reaches this standpipe the current is so sluiced by the quantity of water in the receivers, amounting to some thousands ; of barrels, that it is practically rendered j

-* -2*s^>< — ■ .o—r—" 73 A • • • ® f W U w CASTLE IS GBBMAS VILLAGE. stagnant by the time it reaches the bottom of the pipe and seeks its level in the fluid surrounding. This gives the solid portion of the waste, which is already being precipitated by the action of the chemicals, time to settle, leaving a perfectly clear, supernatant liquid'. A second set of sluices leads from the tops of the receivers and into pipes conveying to a large escape main, which conveys the fluid into the Jake. At the bottom of the receivers are placed valves, which open into pipes leading to a compressor. Through these pipes the sediment is drawn and pressed dry by a hydraulic apparatus. The resulting material Is immediately cremated. Thus every vestige of disease-producing waste is destroyed. Tiie Ohio Bnihling> Near the western bank of the north pond and directly opposite the broad flags leading to the west entrance of the art palace stands one of the neatest State buildings on the grounds. It is the Ohio building. It is not as large and cumbrous in appearance as several of the buildings, notably the Virginia and Massachusetts buildings, neither is it as gaudy and as ostentatious an example of architecture as is the New York building. There is a simplicity in the pleasing colonial model, set off in

Portico eonhTdV i jrott ^ oorn l-clrcula2 c oluffibu7 iLf Om Stato ca P‘tol at, very attractive ^ lo building hospitable double 11 i Gnterin3 large I into a large bl doorway one steps to attract the The flrst thln K ^o staged l6 attention of the visitor is f °re him, bear X* the^T dlrectly be ' °Pal background* , ^ tuto arni9 on an a highly ornan *i lK er the window is _ y oruam ental mantelpiece, in the / '• ’-A castle and villagb. grate of which during these cold, windv. disagreeable days is kept blazing a uhesiful lire. Overhead the high arched delU/fg is prettily decorated and frlezed. AH&om tho hallway open large doors tho ladies' parlor, gentlemen's par-oinoking-room and commissioners' Tho northwest corner will be de^^nd to a postoffice, telegraph-room ■■bureau of general information. It ■ proposed to have interpreters in sev■nl languages hero. The upper floor ■ devoted to assembly-rooms, preeswoma and library. The interior is fin»hed in hardwood. The furniture is

already being moved in. and carpels will soon bo laid. Fair Notes. A Daily newspaper will be published at the World's i air grounds, including ,m Ora Ing and evening issues. •Utoxva r i <xi \ has donated •l.mn to. [ward a building where mo hers may - ‘-S fl? = THE SEWAGE T..NKS

j leave their children while taking in the Exposition sigh’s. The brick and tile manufacturers of the country and the manufacturers of I fire extingui-hing machinery have de- • cided practically to put up special , buildings adjacent to Machinery Hall i for exhibits of these industries. Ax exhibit of American antiquities j will be made in the ethnological and ; arch i ologieal department, in which I will be seen natives of Vancouver i Island in their long I oats drawn on shore, or in and about their curious plank houses, performing their peculiar : feats of jugglery. At a recent meeting of the Advisory Council of the World’s Congress of Electricians to I e hold in Chicago this year, it was decide d that the meetings should last one week, beginning Aug. I 21. Fifty-five delegates from the lead- , ing countries of the world are expected I to be in attendance.

New York Statue of Liberty, 'Which stands at the entrance of the harbor of the metropolis, is to be shown a\the Exposition in a model carved out of salt. The exhibit will t omafrom the Salt Fnion of Cheshire, England. The model will be twelve feet six inches high. The ornamental base, which is to be enriched with moldings, panels, and inscriptions stand- upon a sub-l asp x —* k 1 \ns wi# DIANA ON THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. of rough amber-colored rock salt. The statue of the goddess herself will measure five feet six inches high.

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL. AN INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE LESSON. Kehectlons of an Elevating Character— Wholesome Food for Thought — Studying the Scriptural Losson Intelligently and Profitably. Reading the Law. The lesson for Sunday, Feb. 26, may be found in Neh. viii. I—l 2. INTRODUCTORY. ^ arc in the midst of a “meeting of days, a typical revival of the olden tiiye. May we not find here spur and stimulus for an awakening of the right sort in the modern church and Sunday school? It is a whole-ht arted return to God s word—a Bible festival. What else shall denote the high-water mark or loyalty to Jehovah than a thoroughgoing return to his word? The revival of the future will 1 revival of Bible study. As to the chronology of tho times, put seventy-eight years between Zerubbabel s and Ezra’s return and thirteen years between the coming of | Ezra and the coming of Nehemiah. I About two months have e apsed since tho arrival of Nehemiah, anil in that ’ time the walls have been repaired. Now for the walls ot tho heart. VOIXTH IX THE LESSON. How shall the “reading of the law” produce its due effect?. Hist, one must i have a congregation. “And all the people gathered themselves together.” Fill the churches. Empty benches are poor j conductors for gospel gle tricity. Open-air meetings may need to be resorted to. If the people will not come to church, lot the church go out after the people. At any rate let it put i self where the people can be most readily accommodated. Here it was in "the street that was before the water gate.” Street preaching began away back there in Ezra’s time.

The people calling for the word. O, to hear it so agan! How it cheers the faithful pastor's heart to have the people themselves come and say: "Bring the Bcok. What is it but tiie echo in man of th • voice of God who had “commanded” it to Israel? And, after all, is not this wnat the people are saying by their < lam rous needs, if not by their spoken words? “I’ut away your dreams,” they are crying, "your pretty fancies, your clever spe ulations. Give us the Look. (r.\e us the Book! Lord, enable us to d > it; teachers, pastors, all. 1 ra means help. And what a help the reader and interpreter of the book may be to the p» op\ if lie wi 1. A hindrance a's >he may be. The church that assumes to tell the people what they may tea 1 and what they may be--1 ie\e how sad yit has departed from th- 1 divin.' original! Ours it is to be si : pls helps to the pe pie, so that they may “hear with understandirg,” We mav safelv, after that, let judgment and cons.- enee, under the guide ot God’s spirit, work. I’o tot tell the people what to think or what to do. That is God’s part. Tell them what tiie Bible says, the teacher's part. Hixrs Wl> HAA STKATIONS.

The Sunday-school is not, in all re-s-ects, a modem institution. Here in this lesson we have a very fair representation of an old-fashi ned Bibleschool. Only, alas, jp ;tg main aspects, it ov urred all too infrequently. But umloubt dly the synagogue service, which took its start from the days of the captivity, %vas much utter the pattern which is -ought ; Iter In our class-work in the Sunday-school. It was an inquiry into what the Book said, and what the Book taught. Ba e the Sabbaths< ho I high, see :s roots running back in religious history. Wo are not of a day in this enterprise. It is eternity w rk, it is i;od's own.

It was a popular n ovement, an I tills was a kind of popular ratification meetin.'. Nehemiah and I zta were wise in g.ving the people an opportunity >o disci, se theni-clvcs. The writer was conversing not long since with a shrewd business man x\ho calle I attention to the method by which the railroads' f one of the great cities se ured the doterm nation of their boundaries, and their right of way through the cities. They allowed certain lonspiem us infelicities of transit to have their way until the people' and the city at last arose almost en masse and declared for a fenced-in track. 'n I now the barriers are up and the lcundar.es determined for all time, as it were, by popular enactment. That is the way to get things [ as-ed to stand. Make it a movement of the people. “Open thou mine eyes,” says the Golden Text, “that I may behold.” How many there are vzao having eyes see not. And who can mend the eye-sight like the one who gave it at the first? There is a species of fish, they tell us, in Mammoth C ave, that has the outward organ quite distinct, but which is totally b ind. It has so long <;ccust >med itself to the dark that it 1 as lost the power of vision. And now there goes a certain infidel lecturer up and down the country, saying: “He that hath ears to hear, let him hear;” ergo, Christianity is "a religion of ears,” nay they have a religion of ears and ears only, who “having ears, hear not.” Curs is a religion of hearing, of seeing. Lord, open thou their ears that they may hear, and their eyes that they may behold. There is life in the old Book. Nothing in this xvorld is like it for stirring the hearts of the people. What a feast of fat things was that which Charles Spurgeon used to spread for those Who ate at his table, or, rather, iiis Master’s table. He “eau-ed them to understand the reading." One of the great preacher's biographers tells of a little Baltimore lad who was taken to hear the sermon at the Tabernacle in London. He listened attentively, and at the close said: "Papa, is that the greatest preacher in the world?” “Yes,” sa d the father; "I think he is.” “Well then,” the boy exclaimed, "I know how to be the greatest preacher in the world—just pick out a nice chapter in the Bible, and tell just what is in it so that everybody can understand you, and nothing more.”

Next L< sson—“Keening the Sabbath. " Neh. 13: 15-22. Personal Paragraphs. Mn. and Mrs. Piper, of Wyandotte county, Kansas, are the proud parents of a baby having six fingers on each hand. President Contericin, of the Italian Chamber of Commerce of New York City, is emphatically in favor of a federal quarantine. John W. Grantham, a resident of Johnston county. North Carolina, has seven grown daughters, six of whom are married, all to men whose baptispial name is John.

INDIANA LEGISLATURE. The only business transacted in the Legislature Monday was the passage of two constitutional amendments by the House. The flist provides that hereafter corporations shall pay taxes on the gross receipts. The second amendment provides for ex^le '‘‘"isk'tive session from sixty to 1 n "“Y sl ? making extra sessions when called to be of forty days’ duration. The amendment providing for the extension of terms of all county officers to for years was defeated. 1 he House, I u.'sdav, ordered the eo-em-ployes liability bill engrossed. Among the Committee reports was one from the Comm'ttl'*' on cities and towns, recommending Mr. Lodabaugh's charter bill f or Fort I an °ther favoring his annexation bill. Both reports were approved. • V?‘ r ’* Wl " lower long-winded speeches in the House hereafter. Mr, Ader offered a resolution, which was adopted, limiting all spyechos on committee reports to live minutes, and on engrossment and third reading to ten minute-. e kille, l a number of unimportant bills that came up on Committee reports. and spent th.- balance of the .lav diseusaing the Building and I „ iU . Association bill, whi- h was finally ordered engrossed with a few minor amendments. Impohtaxt action was taken bv th. Senate. Wednesday, in engrossing th.- bi.l incori porating loan, trust, and safety dep. sit eom,>a,\'''3 and enabling them to act as trustees I <>i tiie estates of doccnscxl persons, and kxunrdiurh of persons of unsound mind. ot-c. 1 tv* nena.te uiso took tipproving nation on the bdl giving minority partlc a the right of representation on election boards. The House approved a resolution looking to :he appointment of a special committee to invsstigate and report on fees anj. salaries. The House struggled for several hours over the Senate bill providing for elections but onee every four years in cities and toAvns ami making present offices hold over till 1896. By a close shave the bill reached engrossment.

The general appropriation bill was introduced in the Hous.? by the Ways and Means Committee, and was made the special order for Friday at 2 p. m. The House called up the majority and minority reports of the committee on the bill appropriating $59,000 in aid of the National Encampment, G. A. 8., and the majority report, recommending an indeflnate postponement, was approved by a vote of 51 to 4.\ This settles the question of State aid in the negative. A bill has passed the House, however, empowering th-' City Council to levy a special tax of $75,000 in aid of the proposed encampment. The House passed the bill creating the office of Boiler inspector and calling for the inspection of all steam boilers in the State.

In the Senate. Thursday, Magee's bill, making it unlawful for Warden's of prisons to let the labor cf convicts to contractors at less than '.'s cents a day was ordered en-gm-scl without division. Among the bills passed in the Senate was one making it unlawful to practice pharmacy without a certificate to bo issued by the Circuit Court Ch rk on diploma from a college or school of pharmacy; increasing the jurisdiction of the Appelate court to cover cases involving 83.500 ami enlarging its jurisdiction in raisdeme inor cases, and fixing the rate of interest on Congrestional and common school fund loans at 0 per cent. A bill was introdueed and pushed to engrossment in the Senate which is approved by the State Board <>f Charities, and looks to the abolition of corporal punishment in the prisons, except ill extreme ease-. Tur. bill extending the time of all officers of cities, towns, and corporations to 1894, and making the terms four years thereafter, was called up and pushed to its passage in thell .use. Evansville and Indianapolis of the cities of the State are alone exempt. The Speaker laid before the House the majority and minority reports, the first suggesting amendments which exempted the librarian, engineer, and custodian of the Capitol Building from appointment by the Governor, while the other reeomended a t indefinite postponement of the whole l usiness. Debate was cut off under the previous uuestion, and on an yea and nay vove the Got ernor won by a majority of I'd to 33.

Two important amendments were made to the school-book law in the Senate. Friday. One amendment permits the placing of school book- contracted for m the hand-of the local dealers instead of 1 eing furnished dir- etly t" rhe County SuperintendentorT 'Wnship Trustee. The dealer is prohibited from selling in advance of the contract price. Another amendment gives school commissioners the right to make changes in books, so as to bring them up to the required standard. Senator Boord, the youngest man in the Senate, introduced a bill to prevent the manufacture and sale of ‘‘hoop-skirts” in the State. The bill declares that the fashion of wearing “hoop-skirts” was revived by a combination of fashion producers and dress goods manufacturers, the hoops requiring more dress goods and creating an unnatural demand, and that women were compelled to wear them for fear of being ostracis A by society in general. The penalty of violating the law was fixed at a maximum of 81.1)00 fine with thirty days' imprisonment. The House took another whack at the bill wiping out the Pennsylvania Central Insurance business, and it undid the xvork by which the question of insuring with the company was left optional with the employe. This is the second time the bill has been reconsidered, each time with different re-iilt-. The co-einployes liability bill was passed by the House. 69 to 17. without discu-sion. Consideration of the general appropriations has gone over until Monday. Minor state Items. Charles Kohlmeyer, a young farmer of Knox County, was killed by being kicked in the breast by a Texas pony. The Wabash Hospital at Peru has about thirty patients, the largest number that has been confined therefor some time. Ax old ma ! d at Martinsville presents the following argument in favor of hoopskirts: “It keeps the men at a distance.”

A league of young ladies has been formed in Shelbyville with thirty-one signers up to date, who say they will not wear hoopskirts. John Heishman, near Corydon, had his left leg so badiy crushed in a hay press that amputation was necessary, and he died from the effects of the operation. — : Most of the negroe»»P>«^^J^ issippi river are grossly ignorant said that not one in twenty has any practical knowledge of reading or writing. Many of them get in arithmetic no further than the single record —as a memorandum—of a number which they usually put down exactly as spoken; thus, 200502 for 252. In consequence some of their prety cotton accounts look xs big as a national debt statement. A Stupendon; Bridge. Abridge across the Firth-of-Forth, Scotland, is projected, and, indeed, is already under way, which, if finished, will be one of the most remarkable bridges in the world. The main girder will be within a few feet of a mile in length, and will rest upon cvlindrical piers, each of which will weigh 16,000 tons. It will, cf course, be high enough for all vessels to pass underneath, and about 42,000 tons of steel will be required in its construction. The estimated cost will be $7,500,000. ;