St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 18, Number 11, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 1 October 1892 — Page 2

G. A. R. ENCAMPMENT. CHEAT OUTPOURING OF OLD VETERANS. Stirring Scenes on the Streets of the Nation’s Capital—Thousands of Warriors Take Part in the Parade—Washington Surrenders to Them. Twenty-sixth Annual Meet. J mr a r B^VMSinXGTONOOR|fIIj Ij i / jresi ondence: TwenV I *' w V ty-six > ears ago in th* State of Illinois there was initiate i a movemint, resulting in the organization for fraternal, charitable, and loyal purposes of the men who at iheir country’s call left hearth and he me to devote the best energies of their manhood to itssalvation. In 1866 the Grand Army of the Republic was founded, with B. F. Stephenson of Illinois as first Commander-in-chief. Included in its ranks wore many men who had become famous throughout the world for their brilliant achievements in the field of war and on the sea, and there were also untold thousands of the

men unknown to the world by name, and who never swore any more pretentious uni- j form than the blue ; blouse and trousers, $ but who were the uafta that made up . the grandest force of warriors in numbers and warlike deeds that

—— — ----- vv z the world had ever oommandbr-in-known. When their chief palmer. duty was done and their country was saved these countless thousands laid down the musket and sword and returned to the pursuits of a peaceful

low i S \MJj aW I l-r^w'2 1 1 - SMIS THE PARADE PASSING THROUGH PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE ARCH.

life, leaving behind the habits of the field and the camp, and becoming once more farmers, merchants and mechanics and laborers. But once a year it has been the custom of many of them to come together at some central point, and, exchanging fraternal greetings, revive the memory of the days gone by, of. war and valor, and bitter struggle, and hero c endurance, of hardship and disaster, and of final and glorious victory. Now the ranks are thinning out; old faces are missing, and the list of the < famous Generals who 'led their me n to victory and have passed from earth is growing apace. As the years rolled past and the comrades dropped out of line the remainder ’of that great host has longed to come again to the capital city and vice president t iea q once more the morton. broad sweep of that magnificent avenue on which they stepped with erect figures and martial bearing in 1865 at the end of the war. At last this longing has been stratified by holding the National Encampment here. A aiiign ficent Oatliering. For days the comrades gathered from every part of the Union. Great cities, small towns, little hamlets and solitary farmhouses sent their quotas, greater or smaller, and the result was an attendance that no man could closely es- | timate, and one certainly surpassing any ever before seen in Washington. The trains arrived in so many sections as to constitute an intricate problem in railroad management, and every tra'n was laden with comrades and their [ v ives and sons and daughters. Be- | b.des, there were very many sightseeis, not connected with the Grand Army | of the Republic, attracted by the spec- | taoular displays expected to be seen | during the week. All of these people were taken care of, as they arrived, by I; the members of the Reception CommitK tee or the numerous corps of bright ! high-school boys who were detailed for I the service. Those who had secured I accommodations at hotels or boardingr houses were directed to their destina--1 tlon; those who had heedlessly and I without regard to warning circulars E sent out by the Citizens’ Committee, ■ neglevted to engage lodgings, were furK nlshed with addresses where bed and K board might be had, and the great army K of veterans who have availed themselves V of the free quarters tendered by the citK izens of Washington were escorted to K their temporary quarters. In some way fl everybody was cared for. Grand Army Place. | * The feature of the first day, full of events as it was and one of historic interest, was the inauguration and dedication of Grand Army place, as it is called, which is known as the White Lot, and lies just south of the grounds of the

executive mansion. It is one magnificent lawn comprising many acres of ground, covered with well-kept green sod and unbroken by a single tree or bush. On this vast field has been laid out a reproduction of the closing campaign of the wai of the rebellion. But instead of serriod rmnks and rows of death-dealing artillery, the positions of the Federal armies have been indicated by the arrangen tof tents and stands. The Gi»at Parade. On the second day the Grand Army of the Republic made its triumphal march along Pennsylvana avenue. Time’s ravages In its ranks made it possible to attempt in one day what it required two long days to accomplish in 1865. To the survivors of the" 160,000 men of the armies of the Potomac and the West, who on the meirorable 23d and 24th of May, 1865, passed in review before the President and his Cabinet, including Secretary Seward, just recovering from the assassin’s knife, the foreign minister? the military attaches of the great powers of Europe, and their own beloved and illustrious generals, Grant, Sherman and Sheridan, the contrasts and reminiscences called out were necessarily striking. It took seven hours—from 9 to 4 —each day for the armies of 1865 to pass the reviewing stand, and the estimated length of the two days’ procession was thirty miles. Washington was a very different city then. The Capitol in 1865 was walled in and surrounded by heavy timber. Neither of the present stately marble wings now occupied by Senate and House was then completed. The cobblestone pavement of Pennsylvania avenue was worn into alternate gullies and hillocks by the passage of heavy commissariat wagons and artillery. Tiber sewer rolled its filthy waters uncovered. Not one handsome building was to be seen from the Capitol to the Treasury Department. The leading features of that great review live in memory and have passed into history. First the resonant hoof beats and clattering sabers of Sheridan’s 8,000 cavalry, Custer’s magnificent horsemanship and his theatrical dash up to the reviewing stond. Next in line the battle-worn Ninth Corps, with its bullet-torn flags and the sb ittered remnants of what once hid been regiments a thousand strong now reduced to barely more than a full company—the One Hundred and Ninth and Fifty-first New York, the Fiftieth Pennsylvania, the Thirtieth and Thirty-fifth

Mg

Massachusetts, and the Second Michigan. Then the Fifth Corps, with its trophies of Yorktown, Chickahominy, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and the Wilderness. The grim earnestness and steady marching of Meade’s magnificent Army of the East left nothing to be desired as a spectacular military display the first day. But the enthusiasm of the second day, when Sherman’s bummers —the first and only original Wild West show—marched past with all their picturesque loot of coons, and chickens, and goats, and cooking utensils, and mules, and contrabands of war, all irregularly mixed up as in the actual march through Georgia, with the swarthy veterans themselves, with their long, swinging stride

I •li M I?' ill LI ill k A z nzXLLTWk <ojnrQ a VICE PRESIDENT MORTON’S REVIEWING STAND.

that told of forced marches and hard fighting, some of them barefooted, but with musket and cartridge-box bright and ready—all of them bearing the marks of gallant service done—all this no one who witnessed it will ever forget. A Pretty Picture. At the hour for the start the Capitol was the central point of a friendly army massed for a half mile or more square on most of the streets radiating from it. On all sides the eye gazed on notning but aged men plainly attired in blue clothes with gilt buttons and slouch hats, save an occasional post with white helmets, and except where showed the bright uniforms of bands, of which there seemed enough to sound a trumpet call that would shake the nation. From the botanical gardens at the foot of the west front of the Capitol down Diagonal avenue as far as the Pennsylvania Railway station a’nd the railway tracks stretched the ranks of the Illinois ^nd Wisconsin Departments. To the south and east covering the entire available space from the flank of the Sucker and Badger State Divisions to and along where the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks enter the navy yard tunnel, covering a space that would hold several ordinary proees-

sions, were the Pennsylvanians and Ohioans. South of the Capitol th< New-Yorkers spread out in a long, irregular, broken formation that made their rear column completely flank the men from Connecticut and Massachusetts, whost right of column faced the parking of th( east front of the Capitol, on whose green lawns many of the Eastern troops lolled, fraternized, and told war-time reminiscences as they waited for the signal to fall in line and begin the march. The other New England troops and commands from New Jersey and far off California occupied, for blocks,

mJ. ANTIETAM MONUMENT, UNVEILED DUBISQ ENCAMPMENT. the streets directly east of the Capitol. North and east of them, stretching out for three-quarters of a mile and overlooking the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks, were the stations of veterans from the States of Michigan, Nebraska, lowa, Maryland and Virginia. Reviewed at the < rand Stan I. As the parade moved around the Treasury Building to the north front, where the reviewing stand was erected, near the corner of the White House grounds, the double column would close up and form a single one. The effect was magnificent. Vice President Morton was there to represent the government, the President being absent on account of Mrs. Harrison’s illness. With the Vice President were Secretaries Tracy, Noble, and Rusk, all comrades of the Grand Army, and Secretary Foster, Attorney General Miller, and Postmaster General Wanamaker. There were also Gen. Schofield, the head of the army, and a numerous assemblage of distinguished men. It was a grand sight when, following the civic escort and the old g -’■d of Washington, came the Sixth Mt -Ldsetts, given a place of honor be* jO of its partin defending the National Capital in the memorable days of 1861. Ite remnant of a Hag bore the inscription which told v of the bloody riot in Baltimore where tiie disunionists disputed its course to the National Capital. Closely following came a detachment of the Pennsylvania first defenders, who also claimed the honor of being the earliest protectors of Washington. Illinois, as the home and the birthplace of the Grand Army, by right of seniority headed the dev ai t A s dprnrtm nf after nt feheJT by tho recvguXllvu ui ft BOfOIC would evoke tremendous outbursts of enthusiasm. All in all, the parade was an event which fully justified the emotions of the veterans who had b< nt every energy to have it take place in the midst of historic associations of the National Capital. Monuments Unveiled. Two events of more than ordinary interest mark the encampment of 18J2 as of great importance. These were the unveiling of the Lafayette and the Antietam Monuments. The former is a gift of Lafayette Post of New York, and Commander Mills, Chauncey M. Depew and Joel Erhart, all members of this post, were the principal speakers. Congress appropriated $3,000 for the dedication ceremonies. On the third day of the encampment, the survivors of the Fourth New York, the well-known “First Scott Life Guards,” unveiled a monument to the memory of the comrades who fell Sept. 17, 1862, at Antietam. It is erected in the rear of the New York section in the national cemetery at Antietam, and it is eleven feet high. It is of granite and has appropriate inscriptions on all sides. One of the plates contains the names of

the thirty-six heroes who fell in this battle. Encampments and Commanders. Thus far encampments have been held in the following cities: Indianapolis, twice; Philadelphia, tw'ce- Cincinnati, Washington, Boston, twice; Cleveland, New Haven, Harrisburg,Chicago, Providence, Springfield, Mass.; Albany, Dayton, Baltimore, Denver, Minneapolis, Portland, Me.; San Francisco, St. Louis, Columbus, 0., and Milwaukee. The Commanders - in - chief have been Stephen A. Hurlbert of Illinois, John A. Logan of Illinois, three years; A. E. Burnside of Rhode Island, two years; Charles Devens, Jr., of Massacusetts, two years; John F. Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, two years; William Earnshaw of Ohio, Louis Wagn n- of Pennsylvania, George S. Merrill of Massachusetts, Paul Vandervoort of Nebraska, Robert B. Beath of Pennsylvania, John S. Kuntz of Ohio, S. 8. Burdett of Washington, Lucius Fairchild of Wisconsin, John P. Rae of Minnesota, William Warner of Missouri, Russell A. Alger of Michigan, Wheelock G. Veasey of Vermont, John Palmer of New York. Homer was a farmer’s son.

HEAL RURAL READING WILL BE FOUND IN THIS DEPARTMENT. How Green Clover Can Be Safely Stored In Barns — Relative Value of Wheat and Butter—Handy Baking Table — General Farm Reading. Storing Green Clover in Barns. There is some risk in storing green clover hay in a barn, it being almost impossible to shut away the air from the sides of the mow, and unless this is done the clover heats, says the American Agricu turist The escaping air inviting the entrance of fresh air from the outside a current is established, slow combustion provided for, and the clover ‘‘burns out,” just as a heap of horse manure is tire-fanged. To cure clover in a mow without previous wilting to evaporate part at' least of the sap in it, requires a tight; mow that is a close approach to a silo, I so that the air cannot come i.i at the । sides and bottom. Without a f:esh ; supply of oxygen, there can be no ; combustion of the clover. The fermentation ceases, which, with a supply of fresh air, would go on until the clover was a charred mass. To get the b\st results, the clover mow should be boarded close on the sides and , floor. The clover cutshould be as clear 1 of rain, or dew, as possible, and evenly i spread over the mow. When all but' two or three loads of the clover is in, I make the top of the mow as level as 1 p ssible and then roll strips ot tarred paper over the surface, lapping the strips. Do not tread on it to break . the paper; and scatter on the remaining loads for weight A layer of i boards will be as effectual as the i paper. The object of this layer of boards, or paper, is to prevent the escape of the heated air, and if the air is imprisoned in the clover, there will be no entrance of fresh air from the outside. In the silo, where the walls are higher than the silage, the air that falls upon the surface is met by the ascending current, and only a few surface inches of the silage are affected. In the mow where the sides are somewhat open, the entrance of the air can be prevented to a great extent by checking the egress from the top of the heated air. This is accomplished by the lightly-weighted cover. With old hay at command, to alternate the layers of green clover with other layers of the hay, using about a third as much hay as clover, is a good plan. In curing, the escaping dampness of the green clover is absorbed by the old hay. In raking clover for hand pitching, it is not generally known that it is a great j saving of “backbone” to rake the j Held twice. If one has two horse- ( rakes, one may follow the other, and pull the wind ow along a few feet. , Tliis rakes up the clover that was left untouched at the bottom of the wind- ; row. loosens up the bunch, and makes • to t no jirounil. Darn Door Fastener. The doors will never warp or get out of shape. A light tap with the i hand or foot, will 100 en or secure them. After your doors are made, get a light board Ij inches thick. 4 in lie * wide in thecenter, and 2 inclie; at the ends, and just long enough to pass nicely between the floor and ~m i w i 'rm J1... j. I fc —* « ' 1 I l I \ / 1 Fij. O fross-tieover head. Secure this board to center batten with bolt: get two long staples made of } rod-iion, for the fa-tening to work in at top and bottom batten. Nail apiece in shape of figure 3. 1 inch thick, and 2 inches wide, in center on floor . and two ■nieces at top same thickness and width as below, but open in center as figure 2. 1 never .-aw but one fastening of this kind, and it has been in use for a number of years, and the doors are as straight as when fir-1 made.—C. E. Barns, in Practical Farmer. Exhibits at the County Eair. Every farmer who possesses good stock or farm produce should show them at the fall fairs. Begin now to make the necessary preparations and selections. With roots, plants and fruits, the spring and summer work should have been well done. Animals to be shown should be selected and extra attention paid them. A superior animal, may not win unless it receive undivided attention up to the final hour of awarding the prizes. Encourage the boys and girls to show their poultry and pets, their flowers and fancy work, or their crops. Overcome (he attractions of the race track by displays of fruit, flowers, grain, thoroughbred stock, and other products of home and farm. Vse Good Judgment. A rainy or a drouthv spell vill alarm some men and drive away their good judgment, and they will plant or sow or harvest before the proper time. Giain cut too early may mold. Hav cut too early is less in quantity. Ground plowed to wet is cloddy, the inimal weaned or bred too early is stunted. The Scratching Hen. It is better to feed only once a day and compel the hens to scratch, than to feed two or three times a day and have the bens sit around and wait for you to bring them their meals. It is the active hen. the one that scratches and works, that lays, and not the

I one that gets the most rood. A Jitter j of cut straw is the best place In which i to put the grain, and the henswill be sure to find all of it. Wheat and Butter. An agricultural journal recently compared dollar wheat with 25 cent butter in this way: “When the farmer ships a thousand dollars’ worth of wheat, he pays freight on thirty tons of his product. When the creameryman ships a thousand dollars’ worth of butter, he pays freight on two tons.” This is oneadvantage of the creamery over the granary. A much greater advantage will be seen by considering the fert lity taken from the farm by wheat and butter. Take the three import-! ant constituents of nla nt-food at their market rates in commercial fertilizers: Lbs. Value Wheat. ( Phosphoric acid 520.7 St .*>l i. 0.0 bushels j 1.-.L5 I Nitrogen l,Olo@ .15 J56.U S-. 5.67 j Butter, I Phosphoric acid ) Uooo pounds , Jotash ^none. r I Nitrogen 1 Palance alt in favor of the butter. Again, the one thousand dollars’ worth of dollar wheat can lie grown on forty acres of land: one tbo isand , dollars' worth of 25 cent butter—four ' thousand pounds—can be produced by ensilage and clover, or by ensilage balanced w :, h proper grain rations, ■ from eight acres or less. Handy Baking Table. The arrangement shown in .the j illustration would please any house-; keeper. The whole, table and cup- I board, is 6 feet high, 4} feet wide: table 24 feet deep: cupboard 1 foot deep. The table should be high

A l' - ; fPnf i / o° b Z —• _ lil- wjZ enough for ease in working. ABC are drawers for flour, meal, and gra- ‘ ham: D is a shelved closet for tins, I etc.; E is a space for the mixing board: F and G are closets for spices, etc.: II is a drawer for knives, rolling p.n, etc.: 1 is a pocket for panels to to line take tins. On the doors are hooks on which to hang spoons, cutters, egg-beaters and cook-books. Nlieep Shearings* Breed only mature ewes. Don’t get the lambs stunted the first year. Ir is always an item to keep sheep as quiet as possible. Sheep cannot thrive on filthy food or in lilthy quarters. Whex possible, it is better to keep In not very large lots. In using a young ram it is generally lest to begin in good season. Change the flo k to fresh pastures occasionally, they will thrive better. Sulphur, salt and sulphate of iron in equal parts is good for worms in lambs. It is always an item to have the sheep thrive well at the lowest mil imum of cost. With sheep, as with other stock, the best feeding is a good variety reguiuily and liberally given. The earlier the sheep are matured the less chance they will have to eat their heads off while growing. While a few sheep can be kept on almost every farm, they should not be yarde 1 with the cattle and horses. While not often necessary, yet if the pastures get very short, it will be best to feed the sheep some soil ing crop. Poultry Pickings. Thicken the buttermilk with m al. It makes splendid feed. Clatter of the guineas scares away hawks and saves the chicks. When there are no bugs and insects for fowls, feed a little meat. Feed the chickens early. It is the bird’s nature to rise and eat early. All mud and no dust or gravel makes lousy and unhealthy chickens. Chopped clover in bags is one of the new feeds in market for poultry. With proper feed and care chicks will double their weight every ten days until forty days old. It costs about one cent a week to raise chicks up to ten weeks of age. To keep old fowls costs two cents a week. Nothing could be more cruel than tying a hen by the leg to keep her from roaming with her brood. It costs very little time to make a small house and yard for her. Water the stock twice a day during hot weather, and once a week scald out the drinking vessel. Nothing will breed sickness so quick as filth in the drinking water. How to Train C'liihlren. Be very vigilant over thy child in the April of his understanding. Ie t the fronts of May nip his blossoms. While he is a tender twig, straighten him: whilst he is a new ve- el. tea- [ son him; such as thou makest him. ! such commonly shalt thou find him. , Let bis first lesson be obedience, and the second shall be what thou wilt. i Give him education in good letters. I to the utmost of thy ability and his : capacity. Sea-on his youth with the love of his Creator, and make the fear of his God the beginning of his knowledge. If he have an a tive spirit, rather rectify than curb it: but j reckon idleness among his chiefest i faults. As his judgment ripens, ob- । serve his inclination and tender him

a calling that shall not cress it. Forced marriages and callings seldom pro per. Show him both the mow and the plow, and prepare him as I well for the danger of the skirmish as Ipos-esshim with the honor of the prize. —Quarles. j Table Etiquette. Hold the knife by the handle and never let the fingers reach up to the blade. The old method of eating cheese w.th a knife has been given up, a fork being used in its place. Olives celery, radishes, strawberries with stems, and asparagus are all eaten from the fingers. The use of many small dishes tor vegetables is not good taste; indeed many vegetables should not be served at one time. Glas.-es with handles are held by them. A goblet should be caught by the stem, the fingers not entwinin; bowl part. Whenever it is possible a fork must be used in place of a spoon, and that snne spoon, by the bye, must never Be left in a coffee or tea cup, but pol-itely and securely laid to rest in the saucer. Don’t butter a large piece of bread and take bites from it, instead, break your bicad in small pieces, one at a time, and butter it—that is, if you are eating butter —and convey it to your mouth by your fingers.—Ladies’ Home Journal. Miscellaneous Recipes. Pie Crust.—One heaping teaspoonfulof baking powder, two quarts of flour, two teacupfuls of water, a pinch of salt. Mix well and sift a little (lour on the molding-board before rolling it out. This will make enough trust for four or five pies. C nix Fritters.—To two cups of grated green corn add two eggs, one cup sweet milk, apince of salt and a tablespoonful of melted butter. Stir in flour to make a thin batter, and just before frying thin as you would batter cakes, add a teaspoonful cf baking jowder. Cream Cabbage.—One half teacupf’il each of sugar and vinegar, two eggs, one large spoonful butter, a pinch of salt and a small pinch of cayenne, stir well together, place in a double boiler and bring to a boil. Pour over the cabbage after adding half a teacupful hot cream. Coffee Ice-Cream. — Take one pint of sugar and a pint of water; boil twenty minutes, then add onehalf pint of clear, strong coffee and the yolks of tive eggs: beat this until it begins to thicken like soft custard; then set it away to cool. When it lias become cold, add a quart and a half of cream and freeze. Baked Apple Custard.—Take three quarts of stewed apples and mash them with a speon through a colander: add,one pound of sugar, four or six eggs, one teacupful of melted butter, two lemons, the V>fiTs- Mix these well. pie tilled with pastry mid pllt the custards in. Bake slowly. Baked Tomatoes. —Having selected those of equal size, fresh and ripe, wash and cut out the hard centres. Place them on an earthen pie fiish, and put a little sugar in the core of each as you would for baked apples. Bake in a quick oven for about twenty minutes or until tender. Grated cracker or bread c umbs could be sprinkled over them if liked.

Truly Terr b>. “See here, Snooks, v»hy is El Mahdi like the dividends announced by new mining corporations, and money made in the autumn ?” asked Tudarnsharp of bis friend. “Give it up. Why is he?” said Snooks. “Because he's a False Prophet.” “Well, but, I don't see ” “Why, ain’t the mining dividend which is only made to sell the stock, a false profit?” “Ya-a-as.” “A ed ain’t the autumn gains a Fall's profit ?” “True, a 1 as, too true,” sighed Snooks mournfully. “If, in my explanation you find any faults, prove it,” cried Tudarnsharp triumphantly. “Enouzh, enough! exclaimed Snooks, with a wild gleam in his eyes, and he was a hopeless maniac from that hour. A Natural Mistake. At the Zoo a West Walnut street dude was observed lounging in front of a cage eontakiing some very fine specimi n< of monkeys. He was apparently enjoying the antics r.f tL? animals, when suddenly oue of il ii# largest stretched forth an arm, ait 1 seizing him by the shoulder tore his coat sleeve badly. The dude, uttering an imprecation, raise.] I,;^ ( ano to strike the animal, but the attendant interfered. “Phat’s the matter wid yez?” he said; “would yez sthrike the loikes of a little follow like that?” “Certainly I would,” was the angry response; “lock, he has ruined, my coat.” “Ah, poor little chap, he meant no harum. He must have taken yez for his long-losht brother and was lookin’ for a strawberry mark on your arm. Still They Come. Applicant—“ Here is a manuscript which I would like you to look over.” Bock-irdl.lishcr—“lt would be useless. We only r.cceptmanuscripts from noted authoi s.” Applicant—“ But I am a noted author. Mv first book ran through many editions.” Publisher—“Ah, indeed! Come in, my dear sir. Take a seat.” Applicant—“l am tho author of ‘The Bread-Winners.’ ” Publisher— “Great Josephus! Another one! Jim, call the dog.”—Philadelphia Call. The ’«est pen wiper is a piece of an old kid glove. No lint sticks in th* oen-nibs os from cloth.