St. Joseph County Independent, Volume 17, Number 46, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 4 June 1892 — Page 2

- a^KILOTTURAL topics. A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR OUR ; RURAL READERS. ' A Place for Everything—How to Slake a Good and Cheap Marker-Truck Farming Statistics — Dairy Suggestions — A Filthy Mell—Household Hints. Boys on the I arm. The decadence of farming of late years is largely due to the undeniable fact that city life has offered greater attractions as well as greater profits to the young. While it is true that farming does not require so severe and unremitting toil as formerly, can it be said that young people on the farm have been encouraged to find their pleasures and relaxation at home? This is the only way •to make farm life attractive to the average young man. If on each holiday he goes to the city, it will naturally soon seem to him that city life is all a holiday while life on the farm is one of unceasing drudgery. It often happens that city boys kept at work in stores, and only allowed to go into the country for vacation, see only the holiday side of farm life, and require a love for it that those brought up on the farm too often do not share. Why do not farmers take a hint from these facts, and make as much holiday as possible for their sons at home? It is time that the old rule, which made the boy hoe his row and run for water, while the men rested, was superceded by a practice which would give boys the easiest tasks, and the little investments that give largest profits, as the best means to interest them in farming and make this the occupation of their lives. — American Cultivator. A Fanner. Workshop. I became tired of the old way of having bolts, screws, nails, rivets, wire, buckles, etc., in boxes standing here and there, oftentimes all sizes in the same box, just because there was no other place for them, says a correspondent of the Ohio Farnfor. The bother and loss of time were great, as 1 had to open sometimes nearly a dozen boxes to find the tiling I wanted. Thus necessity became the mother of invention, and the result was a “case” in which there is a place for everything, as shown in the cut. The drawers arc made of small, light boxes (which can be had at the grocery stores) sawed to the right size, and then nailing a side, bottom or end to them as required. The lower ones are shallow for nails, etc., two or three inches deep; those intended for more bulky articles, as bolts, etc., deeper. For knobs, take common sewing thread spools and saw them in two. The half of one spool, with a wood screw through the hole of it and into the drawers makes the knob. For convenience drawers for screws, rivets, small nails, tacks, etc., are partitioned into two. three or four parts, and can also be taken out and carried to where wanted. A tack to a Halfin ch bol ure and satisfaction to be able to put your hand on it in a moment. A Good and Ch«ap Marker. One that is suitable for marking out cabbage ground, and for anything j not to be planted deep. Take three 1 2 by 4 scantlings, 3 feet long, bevel one edge, and turn up atone end like I sled runners. On top of runners , (crosswise) nail three one inch boards, 12 inches wide, and as long as necessary to make the rows 24, 3, or 4 feet wide, as may be desired. Attach chain or heavy wire to connect with 1 whiffle trees: and fasten handles in j rear plank, and the marker is ready. —Practical Farmer. Truck farming. According to census bulletin No. 41, upward of $100,000,000 are invested in this industry, the annual products reaching a value of $76,517,-| 155 on the farms after paying freights ■ a"d commissions, realized upon 534,440 acres of land. There are employed in this industry 216,765 men, 9,254 wemen, and 14,874 children, aided by 75,866 horses and mules, and $8,971,206.70 worth of implements. The numoer of acres devoted to truckfarming in the United States is 534,440; value of products, $76,517,155. Kinds of leading vegetables grown on ; truck-farms of the United States: ; Asparagus is grown on 37,970 acres; 1 beans, 12,607; cabbage, 77,094; kale,

2,962; spinach, 20,195; Irish potatoes, 28,046; beets, 2,420; celery, 15,381; cucumber, 4,721; watermelons, 114,381; other melons, 28,477; peas, 56,162; sweet potatoes, 28,621; tomatoes. 22,802, and miscellaneous vegetables on 82,601 acres. The Kepair of 1 once,. There are many kinds of labor upon the farm that require attention in season, and among them all, none more important than that of fence repairing. As soon as the soil is clear of frost all fences should be critically examined and all repairs attended to. To neglect this is one of the cases where ‘“delay is dangerous,” the result of which may be the destruction or injury of some important crop to say nothing of the influence that may be exerted upon animals in the line of leading them into habits of | unruliness. Let the fences be at-i tended to and these dangers avoided. ;

Dairy Schools and Their Graduates. Too many of our cheese factories are officered by incompetent man- : agers. The school teachers are required to pass a certain examination ; before they are allowed to teach. Is it a greater hardship to ask that our butter and cheese makers who manipulate millions of dollars’ worth of milk annually shall pass an examination as to their proficiency, and then secure to them fair living wages in return? The dairy, as a rule, needs bettei patronage and a more scientific and skillful factory and creamery management. What arc our dairy schools for? Let our legislatures make these schools thorough, furnish them a lull equipment of teachdts and mechanism, with nominal tuition. Then it will be well to require the manager of a factory or creamery to be a graduate of one of these schools, and thus make them useful. To Koop Fles Off Cows To have a cow continually fighting flies while milking is a great annoyance, and an agricultural exchange suggests that a phosphate sack be ripped on one side and put on the cow as shown. AL tir H1 M I The Bottom of the sack contlnes.the tail. The cow cannot switch; the flies do not bite. Results—comfort and cleanliness. Dairy Suggestions. “ITe that would get milk in the pail and butter in the churn must first put them into the mouth of the cow.” Don’t fool away time in following any of the recipes for making a tiptop article of butter out of rancid grease. Feed the cow high, right along up to the time of calving; and if there is not a case of abortion, there wdll 'likely be a dead cow from milk fever. Is there really any difference asks a correspondent, between the keeping qualities of butter made from sweet cream and butter made from sour cream? Practically none. While it is desirable to keep butter sometimes, yet it is a fact that butter is made to be eaten and not kept. No doubt that there*will be enough butteri ne and oleomargarine at the World’s Columbian Fair to disgust a hog. It would be a bright idea for some public spirited microscopist to be in attendance to show the people of the world how the stuff looks when it is magnified. It looks very different when magnified by the microscope from what it does when it is “magnified” by its manufacturers. ’ \VS unless Vim . give , Xbey do not thriyßßHSßHav in yards. Turkeys are hard to raise, but after they .pass the critical period of “shooting the red,” theybeI come very rugged, and can stand a | great many hardships—in fact, can 1 stand almost anything but confinement. One of the prime causes of ' the alarming mortality among young ; turkeys is dampness: it is fatal to them. They must not be allowed out j in the morning before the dew is off the grass, and they should be housed before the sun sets. Avoid dampness, and keep them free from lice, and there will be considerably less risk to run. Poultry Cackles. Raise plenty of lettuce; no better green food can be given the chicks, ducks, and geese. An incubator will run more regu- । larly after the eggs are in the ma- | chine than when empty. White corn is said not to be so fattening as the yellow variety, hence more suitable for poultry feed. Nothing will break up a cold in a fowl so quickly as quinine. Give two two-grain pills—one at night and one i in the morning. I Plant some Kaffir corn, and feed it air to the poultry. Those that have tried it say it beats oats, and is equal to wheat for egg production. If the fowls are overfat the best. । step to take is to give a family liver pill, and then feed bran in the morning and oats or wheat at night. It is not too late yet to start the Incubators. Even in June it pays, as the chicks can be raised up for roasting fowls and sold the latter part of summer. Every farmer should raise an extra supply of cabbage, lettuce, turnips,

potatoes, and onions for the poultry. All but tire lettuce can be stored away for winter use. A Filthy Well. A filthy well is an abomination and if you would keep your well clean you must keep it covered. Here is a

sketch of a cheap, v but effect! v e ^covering, which I saw at one of my neighbors, writes a correspondent in Farm and Home. Observe that the lid is in two pieces, one hinged to either

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side. When the bucket is in use these are lifted and buttoned against the posts. Several wells in our pretty ; village are neatly framed in above . the curb and the frame covered with ]

wire cloth, This is more expensive but decidedly ornamental, especially if white houses and green blinds prevail as here. Lattice-work with apertures 14 in square looks well and is better than no protection, but is not so desirable as the close covers described. Hints to Housekeepers. Pictures are now frequently hung with ribbons of a color harmonizing with the decorative motive of the room. Glass jars of a small size, or large tumblers, are better for preserves than china, for shoifld they not keep well it can be detected immediately. For roasted potatoes, take either small potatoes, raw. of an even size, and peel them; or scoop little balls out of large potatoes, with the help of a potato cutter. All jellies and preserves should be nut in the jars while lukewarm, as the jelly or syrup, if it be thick, breaks after it has become cold; the jars should be left open till the next day. A good way to discover the presence of moths, and also to destroy them, is to place a lighted candle in a basin of water. The moths will be attracted by the flame, and will drop into the water. Rhubarb stewed without peeling is of a most attractive pink tint. Pound for pound of sugar and rhubarb,ywith just water enough to dissolve the sugar, is a good rule, and it should be cooked only till the rhubarb Is tender. If you have boiled potatoes left over, a very nice way to use them a second time is this: Grate them into the dish they are to be served in, put bits of butter here and there, and dust a little tine salt over them; then put them in a hot oven for five minutes. To wash Madrascustains, beat and shake out the dust thoroughly, and then wash in bran water. Boil a quart of bran in a bucketful of water, strain, and put the curtains in while it is yet moderately warm. Rinse in more bran water and hang upsmoothly in the shade to dry. Press them on the wrong side with a not very hot iron. To bake potatoes, wash them very clean, dry them with a towel and lay them in a good oven. They will need about two hours to get done. By baking them you get all the nutriment they contain. They are also the most wholesome, since in baking a part of their starch is already turned I into sugar, and thus some of the work to be done by digestion is performed beforehand. For potato croquettes take butter the size of an egg, beat it to a cream; add to it gradually two eggs, one teaspoonful of salt, and six heaped tablespoonfuls of grated potatoes which have been boiled and then peeled. Form this mass into sansageshaped croquettes the size of a large thumb; turn them in beaten egg, then in tine bread or cracker crumbs, and fry them in plenty of hot lard until of a golden vellow. Ims in hiTs^fWiSKion an esting old Bible. The title page of the Old Testament is torn away; but the title page of the New Testament reads: | “The New Testament of our Lord Jesus i Christ, translated out of Greeke bv i Iheod. Beza; with brief summaries and expositions upon the hard places by । the said Author Isao Camarand P. Loj saler Villervis. Englished by L. Thomson. Together with the annotations of : Fr. lundus upon the Revelation of St. I John. Imprinted at London, by Robert Barker, Printer to the King’s most excellent Majestie, 1609.” The blank page at the beginning of the Old Testament has the following inscription: “Jacob Averell, Junr. Hi's Bible, had it Bound June 13, 1761, prise 2£. 15s. od.” “Jacob Averell, Junr. this hand and pen of mine which may Let yon know that I was born in the year 1729.” “William Hubbard’s Bible' Bought" at Auction April sth A. I). 1813. Daniel Bixby, auctioneer, it being the propertv of Jacob Averell, Deceased. This edij tion of the Bible is that commonly called “The Bishop’s Bible,” which was first published in 1568, forty-three years before our present version,' which was first published in 1611. It has the distinction also of being called “Tire Breeches Bible,” on account of the word “breeches” being usedin the 7th verse of the 3d chapter of Genesis, instead of the word “apron,” used in the present version. The old version reads as follows: “Then the eyes of them both ' were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they sewed figge tree leaues together and made themselues breeches.” This is accompanied bv a queer marginal note. The 20th verse of the same chapter says: “And the man called his wiues name Heua, be- j cause she was the mother of all liursg.” — A Bellowing Match. Dumaine, the Paris actor, claimed to have the most powerful voice in I rance. One of his fellow-actors, Machanette, disputed the honor with him one day, and, after much wrangling, they agreed to settle their claims by actual test at the Porte St. Martin case. “111 lay a wager that I can break a pane of glass by simply calling, ‘Come in,’” said Machanette. “I’ll wager that you will not be able to do it, and that I will, ” said Dumnine. I “Done.” Dumaine commenced. The | winnow rattled, but did not break; but 1 there was a panic among the waiters. Then Machanette tried, and lo! ten panes of glass were shattered. Dumaine owned that he had lost; but it was not long before they both found out that two of their friends, overhearing the wager, had placed themselves outside the case and smashed the window with their canes at the moment of Machanette’s bellowing. One reason why some people are not so wicked as others is because they haven’t had so good a chance.

TO THE PATRIOT DEAD? — I STATUES OF HEROES IN MARBLE AND BRONZE. A Week Made Memorable by the Unveiling of Many Monuments-“Hlgh-Water-Maik” Memorial Services at Gettysburg | — People of Prominence Present. Shafts to Their Memory. Time is lending its halo as the years increase the perspective of those troublous times, times when "troops of heroes undistinguished died,” and we of a later generation are arising more ami more to that worship, ever the incentive to a fresh love of country, which a later generation showed for AV ashington, lor Wellington, for Blucher, or in the dimmer past lor an Arnold Winkelried. On Decoration Day three monuments of especial note were unveiled, and later in ! the week another was dedicated on the ■ field of the battle of Gettysburg. All of these unveilings this year wire made occasions of note, occasions for the outpouring of a younger generation’s gratitude and appreciation. At Richmond the men who fought under Gen. A. P. Hill revealed the marble presentment of the Southern hero to the public eye. At Lenox, Mass., the statue of a revolutionary hero, Gen. Paterson, was I unveiled, and at Rochester the denizens j of that entire section of the State 1 listened to what the orators of the day i said in praise of the soldiers who fell in : the civil war. Then came the capstone of the week’s events, the dedication of the “High-Water Mark" monument at Gettysburg on the very spot where Hall’s and Harrow’s brigade attacked Longstreet’s column on July 3, 1863. The Rochester Monument. The monument at Rochester is splendidly designed and is the outcome of a

pi, SOLPIERS’ MONt MEM AT KO( HKsTEH. movement started nearly twenty years ■ ago by citizens of that place. It is nearly forty-three feet in height, with a ground base twenty-two feet >qunn . The base of the monument rises about eleven feet above this and the shaft is a ' magnificent piece of solid granite about i ten'feet in height. At the four corners of the bnse are bronze figures emblem--1 atie of the four departments of the service—the cavalry, the artillery, the infantry and the navy. Th* se are of heroic size. The sides of the monuim nt bear appropriate bas-reliefs. The Hnekley Gift I luoverod. , monument is seventy-five fee! high and , of pink life «le Island granite. I- rests ■ i n a base of several steps, the lower one thirty-four feet square. Upon the four I corners oft! • pedt s'al an* pia<-. d bronze figures, each seven feet six inches in । height, representing respectively priI vates in the navy, artillery, infantry, and cavalry service. Ihe shaft is surmounted I y a bronze fLure of victory holding alott a flag, th • figure fourteen feet in height. Hill Mnnirnrnt, Richmond. At Richmond, the ceremonies attending the unveiling of the Gen. A. I’. Hill & A UNVEILED AT RICHMOND.

I monument took on the nature of a State celebration. Col. W. H. Palmer, Gen. | Harry Heth, and other officers under i Hill raised the fund for this marble and bronze embodiment, and they took a prominent part in the services. Gen. •james A. Walker, of Wytheville, Va., was the orator of the day, and General Harry Heth the Chief Marshal. The widow and two daughters of Gen. Hill attended the unveiling. The Governor and staff had seats of honor. At the unveiling all the civic organizations of the county took part. Among the noted guests were Secretary of War Elkins and Frederick Douglass. Cnveib d at Fanning'o i. Amid the music of two b; n Is and a I large chorus of voices, the e.o juenee of I native orators, and the plaudits of the | people, the tine soldiers’ monument w; s ! unveiled at 1 armington, 111., in the i presence of soldiers, sons of veterans, | and citizens from a 1 the c< u itry around. Farmington, the first town in 1 u':on County to respond to the call to arms in 1861, was, in 1892, the first o testify its regard for the defenders of the Union. The monument was presented to the 1 soldiers by Mayor Brown on behalf of the citizens, and was dedicated by the local Grand Army post. At Oettjs’.ms. ‘High-Water Mark” Monument receives its name from the old copse of scrub-oak trees on Cemetery Ridge at i

Gettysburg, where the Confederate army began its retreat < i that fateful July 3. It was the “high-water mark” of the rebellk n, and from the moment that Longstreet fell bacK dates the decline of the Confederate cause. The Monument Association has inclosed the copse of trees with a high iron fence to protect it from relic-hunters. The n o lument stands on the east side of the copse and was erected by the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhole Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, । Pennsylvania, West Virgiania, Ohio, . ’i'' i ”4' z^Jl li .- .Ii . ,n HIGH-WATER MARK MONUMENT AT GETTYSBURG. Michigan and Minnesota. Tro< ps from ' all of these States fought and repulsed j the famous assault. An open bronze ’ book surmounts the monument. It j

weighs 1,272 poundsand is s ipj orted bj’ | a pyramid of cannon balls. The left 1 page bea ’s a legend describing the as- | sault and that on the right tells of the I repulse. The whole rests on a highly j polished plinth and base of Maine and Massa husetts gn nite with a massive | water table of Gettysburg granite. The | dedication services excelled in interest \ any that have yet taken place on the j famous battle-field. in Memory of l’ater<on. To Dr. Thomas Egleston is due most of the credit for the splendid monument which was dedicated at Lenox :n memory of Gen. John Paterson. He is a grandson of that revolutionary hero and, together with other members of his family, has secured the erection of a fitting monument in the heart of L< noN and near the spot where the hero once resided. The bronze presentment of the General stands upon a granite shaft on which is < ngraved the story of his j active life, of his school-days at Yale. I his work in the Provincial Congress of ' 1774 and 1775 and of his quick response I to the call to arms after the tattle of I Lexington. It tells that he crossed the 1 Delaware with AVashington, narrowly escaping death at Saratoga, ami was

fl k I | i I I JU -SAUZy ■ •*- MOM MEST AT LENOX, MA<S prominent in the council of Monmouth j in 1778. Sciklld- Flowers by Telegraph. A novel ami very remarkable inl dustry has recently been started in J New York. It is intended for the ' convenience of persons who have friends in other cities in this country or abroad to whom they may ib sjre ।to ];a\ polite attentums. Suppose I that a lady pt your acquaintance is at ! present in \ ienna and you wish to । send her a bouquet. It is ven easilv managed. 5 oil drop into a certain florist s on Broadway and pick out flowers suitable for your pLS\ . Within two hours the bouquet vou have i selected is delivered to the intended I recipient. The florist has an agent or correspondent in X'ienna to whom he cables the order, stating the number of flowers of each kind, etc., and the name of the giver is written on a card and attached to the bunch of blossoms before it is conveyed to the address indicated. It is the same : with other cities in Europe and America. If your lady love is in Sm I rancisco you can send her a bunch

ot violets or a bouquet of roses bv wire, as it were, within a few minutes. Matching Teeth. Perhaps the greatest difficulty that dentists meet with is the matching of false teeth with the natural teeth of their customer-. The tooth factories supply dentist- with rings upon which are strung thin, short metal bars. i each carrying a tooth at its extremi- ' ty. There are twenty-five of these i sample teeth, that run all the way ' from nearly white to a shade that is almost olive. Someone of the twen- f ty five usually almost matches the ’ patient’s natural teeth, and, at any rate, enables the dentist to match the teeth by applk at ion at the factory. A Jscet Growers. Richard (.ri rd is probably the larg- 1 est individual grower of sugar beets j in the world. lie has 50,0 i 0 acres of i ground surrounding Chino, Cal., and ' this year will have 4,000 acres of it ' in beets. He is under contract to raise all the beets that are required for the beet-sugar factory at Chino. His contract requires him to raise 5,000 acres of beets next year, and the same average the following year.

TRAINING LADS TO ARMS. rhousauds o' Youth* Annually Grounded in Military Tnctlc*. The importance attached to popular nilitary education is shown by the including in the official army register a list of the students who stand highest in the military courses taught by army officers at some schools and colleges. As many as fifty subalterns may now be detailed as instructors of tactics in colleges and academies, and forty-eight such institutions were, at the last official report, enjoying this privilege. They are scattered all over the country, from the Maine State College to the University of California, and from the University of North Dakota to the Agricultural College of Texas. There are also ti’.e retired officers—two captains and three lieutenants—in charge of institutions at Mount Pleasant. Paribault, Garden City, Peekskill and Portland. Probably few people have reflected to what extent this form of popular military education is carried on. The statistics show that last year more than seven thousand of the pupils at these institutions received military instruction. It is compulsory in over half of them and in most of the remainder it is compulsory on the part of the classes, the senior or graduating class being most likely to be exempt. In only three orfour cases is it purely optional for ever/body. Six of the institutions i have military camping, four have 1 marches for instruction, exactly half have target practice with small arms j and six have practice with artillery. , In most cases the rifles are the prop- | erty of the United States, but m ; seven or eight instances the State furnishes them and in two they belong to the college. In general, the I condition ot these arms was good, but the New Y'ork Ledger acknowledges j there were a few notable exceptions. In all but one of the institutions military uniforms are worn. There is a great difference in the amount of military work none, one institution , having only a single drill per week, while one holds ten. In some cases the : officer has other duties, particuiaily as instructor in mathematics, while ■ civil engineering, French and drawing are subjects for which a few are ; called upon, as also are the inspection of rooms, assistance in discipline, and iso on. In some instances this extra ' j duty is liberally reimbursed. Thus I the Nevada University gives a comi pensation of $1,200 a year, while the ’ . Mississippi college gives SBOO. It is I ; clear that, while this system of popular military education is still capable

of much improvement, it furnishes the most economical method which the Government can employ for this purpose. Year after year thousands of young men receive through drills and lectures the elements of a military training, and some, who in turn become teachers, may repeat the lessons for their pupils. Faradise Fish of China. The oddest of all piscatorial rarities is the paradise fish of China. Like the German canary and one or two other species of bird and fish. ■rfftotsUXULle RUD Y hyaui V is_ the product m a wild State. In the land of the dragon they are kept and cultivated in ornamental aquariums, each »ucceeding generation of the little oddities exhibiting i«ore diversified colors. Ihe male is the larger of the two sexes, measuring, when full grown, three and onedialf inches. The body is shaped very much like that of a common pumpkin-seed s^n fish, its color surpassing in brilliancy any fish heretofore cultivated lor the aquarium. The head of Macropodus .that is his generic name) is ashy grav, mottled with irregular dark spots. The gills arc azurine blue, bordered with brilliant crimson. The eyes are yellow and red. with a black pupil. The sides of the body and the cres-ceqt-shaperl caudal fin are deep crimson, the former having from ten to twelve vertical blue stripes, while the latter is bordered with blue. The upper surface of the body is continually changing color—sometimes it is white, at others gray, black, or blue. The dorsal and anal fins re remarkably large, hence its g neric name. Macro, large; podus, tin or foot. Both fins are shaped alike, and are striped with brown and bordered with a bright blue. The dull-colored ' ventral fins are protected by a brilliant scarlet-color" 1 spine, extending threefour’hs of an inch behind the body of the fin. The pectorial fins are well shaped, but transparent and colorless. Out-General I t-<l. Scotch shrewdness is occasionally

overmatched by Irish wit. Thehand- । ful of people who inhabit Tory Is- ! land, a little spot in the Atlantic, off the Irish coast, enjoy so much health and so little weal tn that there is no doctor n the island. In rare cases of emergency a physician is brought in a boat from the nearest village on the mainland. On one occasion, some islanders who were obliged to summon the doctor, found that he had gone to Dublin on business. As the case was urgent, they invoked the ; services of the only other practitioner within a score of miles. This gentleman was a Scotchman, with the pro^erbial ‘“canniness” of his race, and he declined to undertake the voyage unless he received Lis fee—a golden sovereign—in advance. There was no help tor it, and the money was paid. The physician went to Tory Island, and attended to the case. But when he inquired for a boat to take him away, he found that not a boatman on the island would ferry him back again for any less consideration than £2. paid in advance. The doctor had to part with his two sovereigns. and to admit that he had been beaten at his own game.