Saturday Evening Mail, Volume 28, Number 50, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 11 June 1898 — Page 2

MOTHER OF THE FLAG

THE WOMAN WHO PUT TOGETHER THE FIRST STARS AND STRIPES.

BETSY ROM and Her Interesting Hi*tory\ The Story of the Flag—How It Came to Be Adopted and the Emblems Which It

Succeeded.

[Copyright, 1898, by American Press Association.] Though it is only within recent years that special ceremonies have signalized Jane 14, now known as Flag day, be yond other days in the year, its observance is now almost universal throughout the Union. True, it is not a holiday in the sense that the Fourth of July and other national holidays are but, though this is so, the occasion is not per mitted to pass without general indications of the deep love and veneration

BETSY ROSS, THE "MOTHBB OF THB FLAG." with which the American people regard the flag of their Union and the patriotic woman who designed it

Of the observances on Flag day none are more beautiful and impressive and more eminently proper than the flag ceremonials in the public schools. These are now a feature of the day in most large oities in the United States, as also in towns and villages and even in country schools.

All the early battles of the Revolution were fought without the inspiration of a recognized general standard. The troops of the various oolonies had flags of different patterns, according to local fancy or accident. Those of New York used one resembling in general features that of the Dutch ropublio, those of Connecticut displayed a red one bearing the motto of the colony, those of South Carolina chose one known as the palmetto, and the first fleet that put to sea hoisted a flag with 18 alternate red »nd white stripes, with red and white crosses on a blue square in the upper corner.

It was not until June 14, 1777, that a common flag for all the colonies was adopted. In that year congress, then sitting in Philadelphia, namod a committee to design a suitable flag for the nation. General Washington, Colonel Ross and Robert Morris were members of that committee. Thoy wore acquainted with a milliner namod Mrs. Betsy Boss, who conducted her business at 289 Arch street, Philadelphia, and whose artistic tnsto and deft hands gave promise of furnishing what thoy required. Thoy repaired thither and informed Mrs. Ross of what thoy wanted.

Goneral Washington, with his scrupulous attention to details, told her liow it must bo made, but wanted six pointed stars in tho union. Mrs. Ross protested and said that five pointed stars were easier to cnt out and would look better. Slio carried her point and was permitted to nmko tho flag according as she had suggested. The money paid to her for making this and other flags amouutod to about $70.

On Juno 14 of that year congress adopted tho flag mado by Betsy Ross as tho national ono of tho United States by tho following resolution: "That the Hag of tho 18 United States bo 18 stripes, alternate red and white that tho union be 18 stars, white on a bluo field, representing a now constellation.''

Though the flag was adopted by congress at that time, over 11 weeks went by before that body mado the fact public. On Sept. 8 a formal announcement was mado, and tho first public display of the flag was made soon afterward by Paul Jones, tho famous naval hero, who ran it up to the masthead of his brig, the Ranger, then at Portsmouth. He then put to sea and carried tho starry flag to victory through many a hard fought contest

Tho design of this flag, the 18 stripes fcepresentiug tho 18 original colonies* while a star is displayed for each state in tho Union, remains to this day, which makes the American flag one of tho oldest now in nse by leading nations of tho world. Tho design of the present British flag was adopted in 1801 and that of Spain in 1785. The tricolor of France was first used in 1794 and the national flag of Portugal in 1880. The German flag was adopted in 1871 and that of Italy in 1848.

On May 1, 1795, the number of stripes in the American flag was increased to •IS, so as to match the number of stars. This was done on the admission of Kentucky and Vermont into the Union. From 1795 to 1818 the flag had 15 stripes and 15 stars, bat in the latter year the number of stripes was reduced to the original 18 and so it has remain* ed ever since.

It is bat natural that the veneration felt for the flag of oar country should be partially reflected upon the patriotic troman who first made it possible to display it to the admiring gase of an emancipated people. Mrs. Betsy Rocs was not a heroio personage in any sense of the tern, bat simply a quiet unpretentioos woman, thrifty and mindful of her business and devotedly attached to the cause in which her husband lost his life and for which others of her friends

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and acquaintances risked thoir lives and fortunes. Her story, brief as it is, would be interesting even had she no hand in waking the flag of her country, but with this added incident to her career her history cannot fail to interest all who love their country and its flag

Her maiden name was Elizabeth Griscom, and her grandfather, Andrew Griscom, brought over the bricks from England with which he built the first brick house in Philadelphia. At the beginning of the Revolution John Ross, the son of an Episcopal clergyman of New Castle, Del., was employed in Webster's upholstery shop in Philadelphia. Elizabeth Griscom, daughter of Samuel Griscom, a Quaker builder, was also employed there. Tradition has it that Ross introduced her to Webster as one who could do some difficult piece of work which exceeded the skill of the girls employed in the shop. However this may be, Ross and Betsy were soon afterward married and set up business for themselves, first in Chestnut street and afterward in the house in Arch street previously referred to.

The war came to interrupt their plana, and one night when Ross was engaged in guarding powder on the wharf he received an injury from the effects of which he died in 1776. He was a nephew of Colonel George Ross, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and it was through this con nection that Widow Ross received her commission to make the flag of the Union.

After her husband's death the young widow, just turned 24, carried on the business alone. Her deceased husband's uncle, Colonel Ross, was attached to the clever and sprightly little widow and aided her in establishing her busi ness upon a firm foundation. It is stated that he even provided her the means to procure the necessary material for the making of the first flag of the United States. However this maybe, Mrs. Ross became regularly established in the business of flagmaking, which was continued by her and her immediate family in the same place for over 60 years.

A few years after her husband's death she married a man named Ashburn, who went privateering, was captured and died in London. His friend, John Claypole, brought her the news of her second bereavement, and to console the pretty widow he married her himself. By this marriage she had several children, one of whom, Mrs. C. S. Wilson, con* tinned the business as late as 1857. Mrs. Claypole herself died Feb. 11, 1836, in the house of another daughter, Mrs. Can by, whose son, George Canby, remembers the old lady very well.

The body of Betsy Ross, for by this name she will always be known, rests in Mount Moriah cemetery, Philadelphia. Few perhaps of those who pass by the little plot in the western part of the great burial ground, near the Masonio monument, are aware that they stand by the resting place of one whose name and fame are indissolubly linked with the flag of their country and with the stirring scenes attending the birth of liberty.

This is the third place in which the body of Betsy Ross was interred Taken from her original place of burial in 1856, soon after Mount Moriah cemetery had been opened, her remains were reinterred on the eastern slope of tho grounds. In this spot, however, there was but little Bpace for sightseers, and the grave was so overshadowed by

BOUSK IN PHILADELPHIA WHBRK BKT8T ROS8 MADS THE FIRST STAR SPANGLED BANNER. trees as lo be almost invisible. Senator Council then gave a plot in a more capacious and sunny spot, and there her ashes were deposited He took care of the grave for many years, but subsequently the spot was much neglected.

NEIL MACDONALD.

ADVICE AND GOSSIP.

Don't shut out the sunlight' 'Let it stream in across your bed, or anywhere else for that matter. Better fade your carpets than yourself.

To remove stains of medicine from silverware dip it in solphorio add, and then wash in hot water and soapsuds.

Newspapers soaked in a paste made of a pound of floor, three quarts of water and a teaspooofol of alum well stirred together and boiled is a good mixture for stopping up cracks in Soon. It will harden and make a permanent filling. jf1

Old picture frames of dark wood may be greatly improved by painting them white and gold oar the new oak green. If you desire jnotax frame white and gold, paint it all white and enamel all bat the parts which you wish to gild then with some gold paint gild the onenameled parta

Where women do equal work for less pay than men would, they bring down permanently the prioe of that branch of labor everywhere. Wages always slide to the lower ktnl

MRS. LORILLARD SPENCER.

sociations for tho benefit of the soldiera Particularly active in this direction is the Daughters of the American Revolution, with its various branches throughout tho country. The Red Cross association is, of course, an international body, and, though many Americans belong to it, it is incumbent upon its members to afford relief to the wounded in war or the suffering independent of national distinctions.

TERRE HAUTE SATUBDA£ EVENJLNG MAIL, JUXE 11, 1898.

WOMEN ARE HELPING.

What They Are Doing For Unnte Sam and His Soldiers.

If women are precluded from active participation in the war, there is no lack of fervor in their manner of displaying patriotism and of their eager desire to do all they possibly can to rob war of its rigors to thnj» who are compelled to face its dangers.

As is usual in all great wars, th military spirit dominates women so greatly as to affect even the character of the fashion in dresses, and fanciful combinations of red, white and blue, buttons, bows and knots of various designs display the national colors on their persons. The buttons worn now are whenever possible the real thing, but when they are not procurable copies are being issued as fast as may be after the military buttons worn by the troops.

They are worn in the tops of umbrellas, sunshades, as ornaments hanging from the chatelaine and as corsage brooches and hatpina Doubtless many picturesque items in the uniforms of the soldiers will be seized upon by modistes and adapted to the taste of enthusiastic women.

It is not at all probable, however, that any startling innovation will be introduced in this direction. Whatever changes the war may affect in ladies dresses will be, it is certain, governed by good taste, and nothing outre in display will be permitted. It was quite otherwise in France during the period of the revolution. The dresses worn by ladies then had a distinctly classical leaning. Every woman thought she ought to appear as Liberty personified, and the effects were quite startling. The draperies were exceedingly scanty, and in endeavoring to approximate to beautiful statuary they only suooeeded in being travesties of art gallery treaaurea

A pertinent fact in this connection is a proposed boycott of French goods and fashions by American women owing to the unfriendly attitude of France toward this country in the war with Spain. Prominent among those is Mrs. Lorillard Spenoer of New Tork, who is credited with helping to place eastern Women in a position in which they may aooomplish something in this direction. Ladies in Washington, Philadelphia, Chicago and elsewhere are also co-oper-ating in the movement to boyooib Paris millinery and other products of French fashion in retaliation for French sympathy with the enemy of this country.

Fortunately American women display their sympathies quite otherwise than in merely wearing war emblems and adapting minor dress changes indicative of the exigencies of the times. They show their helpfulness in organizing as-

Elites

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The Women's National Relief association, organized since the war began, is already one of the strongest of the various societies originated for the benefit of the United States soldiers. The recent election of Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth as director general of the organization called Mrs. Daniel Butterfield to the position of chairman, and Mra Charles H. Raymond became treasurer. Tho latter was the first president of the Red Cross hospital The membership includes the names of many ladies well known throughout the country, one of the latest additions being Miss Helen Gould, whose gift of $100,000 to the president for war purposes isjstill.fresh in the minds of the people,

The Little Men and Women or '76, an organization of children founded last October, has become an auxiliary of the Women's National Relief association, and other societies composed of both adults and boys and girls have thrown in their influence with the or* ganization.

Miss Mary Low Dickinson has been intrusted with the work of enlisting the sympathies of the National Society of King's Daughters in the good work of the above organization, and Mrs. George Bartholomew will agitate the matter in the publio schools.

The organization referred to at greater length and those others incidentally noticed are, however, but a fraction of the numbers all over the country instituted by patriotic women to meet the needs of the emergent and serioos circumstances now prevailing. In fact, to far as patriotic fervor is concerned, it is quite portable that the women of the country are more thoroughly and animated with it than the male portion of the population. Precluded, however, as they are from active service in the army and navy, they are doing all they possibly can to rob war of some of its worn horrors to those who are compelled to face the foe.

Asssttb

CRAWFORD.

SUMMER STYLES.

War Does Not Interfere With the Attract' tvenesa of Women. [Special Correspondence.]

NEW YORK, June 6.—All the wars of the world never made woman less lovely or took away from her her determination to look her very best. When ports were closed and there was nothing brought to the brave southern women, they did not go about bareheaded, but instead set their wits to work and made pretty bonnets of cornhusks and trimmed them with flowers fashioned by their own fingers from feathers from their chickens, ducks and geese, and plumes were manufactured that were quite as pretty as those we buy today. I think women were born to be ornamental as well as useful. Mrs. Eliza Archard Conner will doubtless disagree with me somewhat but my own experience has been, and observation also, that the pretty and helpless woman is the one best liked, best treated and in all ways the happiest So let our boys in blue think of all the women dear to them as well and becomingly dressed. Perhaps they would fight better if they knew they were coming home again to a dimpled, dainty, prettily dressed wife or sweetheart The croakers tell us that women should not spend money for finery when they may come to want bread. There isn't a woman anywhere whb would not be willing to forego bread in favor of a new bonnet when ice cream is so handy too.

There are hats now of straw coarser and rougher than those our southern women plaited, but they are stylish and really one may say preferred to the finer braids. Bushel baskets are scarcely coarser than some of them. Their chief reason for being is to afford a resting place for masses of flowers and ribbon and anything else it pleases lovely women to want thereon. Their shapes are legion, and they are twisted and bent into whatever form seems to best become the face beneath. Some hats are down to the eyebrows in front and tilted high in the back, the whole top being one mass of trimming of whatever kind the wearer fancies. Across the back of these hats there is a great bunch of flowers or rosettes or bows of ribbon or shirring. This becomes necessary to hold the hat on the head, for no number of hatpins would hold it solid There are neat little toques and capotes also of coarse braid, and these are generally covered so closely with flowers that one wonders why the bonnet shape at all. But there are always some quiet nioe little bodies who put a bit of fine lace, a small jet or steel ornament or a scrap of ribbon on a straw bonnet of some kind and obtain such a neat and dainty little effect that somehow the memory of those modest hats and bonnets lingers about one like the faint sweet clover perfume in the old trunks of grandmother's choicest linen.

For everyday and for all sorts of outing hats the English walking shape retains its popularity. Some have exceedingly simple arrangements of trimming and others are piled high with all sorts of everything. But I do beg all women who have passed their thirty-fifth year to put down all whisperings of desire for those hats, and the alpine shapes, and the rigid sailor shapes as they would resist the powers of evil, for they can only be worn by young persons with impunity. Let the aging woman re-

DAINTY THINGS TOK SUMMER GIRLS.

member that rough, irregular outlines and lace and other diaphanous stuff and flowers are her special dependence.

I wish to add a few words about flowers as hat decorations. Violets are almost universally worn, as they are pretty, bright and cheap, but they are becoming to no one. Pansies are beauti ful in themselves, but really do not look as well on the head as in the hand. If a lady has blue eyes, any flower that matches them in oolor is right. Pink roses on a hat are pretty and yet rather heavy, but they do not detract from beauty beneath them. Beds of all the richer, deeper shades worn above the face reflect oolor upon it Worn at the throat red makes the face look white. Green is not a very becoming oolor on a hat, while yellow is in whatever shade it is applied, but yellow is rather at a discount just now, as some people associate it with the,Spanish flag, and red, white and blue supersede it White clover and other simple whits blossoms and white field daisies are all pretty and all tasteful and becoming and unnsually refined.

Fine white, pink, lettuce green and pale blue straw and leghorn hats ate shown for dressy wear, and they are piled high with soft ostrich plumes and lace, tulle or silk mulL These are for and summer days at watering places.

Shoes are shown in many oolors this •eaacm and also in white. 8otnear® canvas, some kid. Dark green, brocade, tan and gray are among the colors. Many dainty blade ties are made of prunella, our grandmothers' favorite, only this is made waterproof. Ouvs HABFKB.

The "woman's friend" is what Dr. Bull's Pills may well be termed, for they restore perfect health, give strength, and promote functional activity of woman's peculiar organism. 25 cents.

Ko-To-Bae for Fifty Cents. Guaranteed tobacco habit core, makes weak am strong, Mood pore. Alldress^sfia

Genius Crashed Again.

The caller handed the editor a bundle of manuscript "For your humorous column," he said. "My wife makes fun of my attempts at wit, but I think you will find this about as good as the stuff you usually print"

The editor took the manuscript and looked over it "H'mph!" he ejaculated: Your wife makes fun your efforts, does ahe?' "Y-ycs, sir, as a general thing." "She hasn't seen this lot, has she?*" "No, sir."

The editor handed back the manuscript "Please ask her to 'make fun' of this. Then you may bring it back again. Good day."—New York World.

Pggg Mis' No JUck of Attention. Miss New—I can't get my watch to keep time properly.

Jeweler—Perhaps it needs regulating. Miss New—Surely not I move tho regulator over the entire scale every day.—Jewelers' Weekly. S

Not to Ae Thought Of.

jjt" "Have you selected your topio for a graduation essay?" said the dear girl's mother. "Yes. It is'The Injurious Restraints of Superstition, Ancient and Modern.' "That's very interesting. You must get right to work on it" "Oh, dear, no! You wouldn't have me begin it on Friday, would you?"—

Washington Star. .V Edward C. Cook, 518 Adams Ave Scran ton, Pa., states, that he considers Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup the most efficacious remedy for coughs, colds, etc., he has yet found.

Established 1861. Incorporated 1888

Cliffc & Williams Co.,

Successors to Clift Williams & Go.,

MANUFACTURERS OT

Sash, Doors, Blinds, Etc.

J" Af?

AND

USAIiSRS IH

Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Glass, Paints, Oils k:

-a-

AND BUILDERS' HARDWARE,

Mulberry St, Oor. Ninth. -iPAV

J. H. WILLIAMS, President. J. M. CLIFT, Sec'y and Treas

BOTH MEN AND WOMEN.

are willing to work, we can give you employmeat with GOOD PAY, and you can work all or part time, and at home or traveling. The work Is LIGHT AND EASY. WRITE AT ONOE for terms, etc., to

The Hawks Nursery Company,

MILWAUKEE, WIS.

HARDING & PL0GSTED GENERAL FURNITURE REPAIRING. UPHOLSTERING, JkUTRESSES. 1102 Wabash Avenue., near Eleventh.

TERRE HAUTE, IND.

All Orders Executed Promptly.

Dr. Cort F. Askren

announces removal to his new offices, Hocus— H4-I15 GRAND OPERA HOUSE 8 to 0 mornings. 1 to 4 afternoons, to 9 evenings.

TERRE HAUTE

JPRANK D. RICH, M. D.

Office and Residence 210 N. Sixth St.

TERRE HAUTE, IND.*,

Diseases of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Hours—8 to 12 a. m„ 1:30 to 4 p. m. Sundays 9 to 10 a. m.

We mine our own coal. First-class for all Domestic Use. Furnace trade solicited Prices very reasonable. 'Phone 202.

J. N. & GEO. BROADHURST, Office, 122 South Third. -s

ART

Store

Artists' Supplies, Flower Material. Picture Framing a Specialty. 33^ 20 SOUTH SIXTH. East Side.

Terre Haute, Ind.

JOHN M. VOLKERS,

IflATTORNEY. $ Collections and Notarial Work.

521 OHIO STREET.

J8AA0 BALL & SON, FUNERAL DIRECTORS,

Oor. Third and Cherry streets, Terre Haute Ind., are prepared to execute all orders in their line with neatness and dispatch.

Embalming a Specialty.

N. HICKMAN,

xrisrjDBJiaTJLKiEsr f-? 1212 Main Street. All calls will receive the most careful at* tuition. Open day and night.

F. WILLIAMS, D. D. &

DENTAL PARLORS,

Corner Sixth and Main Streets.

TERRE HAUTE. IND.

DAILEY & CRAIG

so3 OHIO STiRrersT. Give them a call if you ha*« tor kind of Insurance to place. They will write you in as good companies as are represented in the city.

Strong, steady nerves Are needed for success Everywhere. Nerves

i.1

Depend simply, solely^ Upon the blood.

Pure, rich, nourishing Blood feeds the nerves And makes them strong.

The great nerve tonic is Hood's SarsaparillsL.

Because it makes The blood rich and Pure, giving it power

I To feed the nerves. Hood's Sarsaparilla

Cures nervousness, Dyspepsia, rheumatism, Catarrh, scrofula,

And all forms of Impure blood.

June Excursions

Omaha, Neb., and return, daily.. .126 00 Winona Lake (Warsaw, Ind.) and return, daily 5 60 Dallas, Texas, and return, June 11 and 12 24 80 Iioulsville, Ky., and return, June 19 snd 20 5 8& Detroit, Mich., and return, June 27 and 28 9 Toledo, O., and return, June 15 and 16 8 25 Wheeling, W. Va., and return,

June 28 and 24 10 75 Paris, 111., and return, June 16— special train 50

Children 25 Washington, D. C., and return, July 8, 4 and 5 18 25 (Plus 12.)

Call at Olty Ticket Office or Sixth Street Depot, E. E. SOUTH. General Agent

8&K

Ify0U

BO YEARS' EXPERIENCE

PATENTS

I HADE HIKinS DESIGNS COPYRIGHTS AC.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may xlokly ascertain our opinion flreo_wnottaor an

quickly Inventu Ion

pro

si ig unn A

bnbly pal ifldentlal.

Rentable. Commutilcfc. Handbook on Patent* ... atents.

tlons strictly eonddentl sent free. Oldest agency for sei Patents taken through

tptcial notice,

icurlnapat nn

without charge, in tn

Munn

Co. recelva

Scientific American.

A handsomely Illustrated weekly, tamest circulation of any sclenttflc Journal. Torms, 13 a voar four months, |1. Sold all newsdealers.

MUNN & Co.38'®™11by ""'New York

Branch Office, (525 St., Washington, l. C.

REMOVAL

J. A. Nisbet, Undertaker

Has moved his store to

103 N. FOURTH ST.

One door north of Cherry St.

C. Ss B. I. R. R.

$25.90 to

OMAHA

AND RETURN,

account of Trans-Mississippi International Exposition. Tickets on sale June 1 to October 1A good returning until November 15. Leave Terre Haute at 4 a. m., arrive at Omaha at 11:86 p. m. same day.

Toledo and return, June 16 and 16... .98 Detroit and return, June 27 and 28... O Danville and return, June 11 and 12. 1 05

For further information aI1 on J. R. CONNELLY, R. D. DIGGE8, General Agent.

Tickct Agent, Tenth and Wabash Ave* Union Depot.

A .Gas Tip!

Purchase at the rate of 2c worth of gas a day, for each room, do away with coal, ashes, smoke and dirt, and proceed at once to CLEAN HOUSE

GAS COMPANY

507 Ohio Street*

IE BMM'8

G&G

FOH EITHER SEX This remedy re-

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no change of

let. Cure guaranteed in 1 to days. Small plain package, by man, $1.00.

Sold only by Geo. W. J. Hoffman, successor to GuJlCk

Wabash ave. and

Co., sole agent, cor®

Fourth st., Torre Haute. &

The me of Violets The parity of aw Illy, llwihnr of the roes, and the flush of Hebe commse In Possom's wondrous Powder.