Saturday Evening Mail, Volume 17, Number 29, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 8 January 1887 — Page 2

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SCIENCE ANI) PROGRESS.

AN ELECTRIC EEL WITH A f^gWEJRFUL BATTERY,

A Curious Fact in Physical Geography. Itemarltablc ltiiins Discovered in Mexico That Will Delight Arclireolo^ists and

Interest l'vory!»ody.

Electric fish have been the subject of much research and study on the part of scientists ever since Galvani made his great discoveries regarding tlio electric projxrties of muscles and nerves way back as far as 178G-D4. The species of electrical flsh which has been longest known is the torpedo, or clectric ray, though the gymnotus electricus, or electric eel, is equally celebrated. One of the latter, during the early part of the winter, offered much amusement as well as a certain amount of distress to the visitors of Fulton market, by the shocks it gave to thoso of an investigating or curious mind. This eel was kept in

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of the aquaria at Eugene Blackford's establishment, and presented, in its live state, the appearance depicted in the first cut given.

THE GYMNOTUS ELECTRIC0B. By the permission of Mr. Blackford the eel was dissected, and on cutting it open the first thing that impressed one was the disproportionate size of the electric organ. The Scientific American describes this organ by means of sketches taken at the time of the dissection, somewhat at follows: The fish was thirty-four inches long and weighed three and one-half pounds, and one-seventh of this •weight was represented by the battery. The abdoininial regions were confined to the for ward part of the body, next to the head, the rest was all bone, musclo and electric organ. Tho second cut given shows this organ as nearly as possible in its position in the body of the eel.

I ELECTRIC ORGAN OF TOTS EEL. Michael Faraday's researches in the matter of tho electricity of the gymnotus, are classic. Ho col lee tod electricity under different circumstances and tried many experiments with it. By a rough comparison with Leyden jars, ho concluded that a single medium discharge was equal to the electricity of fifteen Leydcn jars with &quaro inches of gloss, coated on both sides and harged to its highest degree. His general theory of the action of tho fish Ls that a current is discharged from the head to tho tail through tho water as conductor. If any sensitive object,

By bending into an arc, the fish can send a current across the chord with much force. Faraday saw it stun a fish in this manner before devouring it, coiling in a partial circle around its victim before discharging its battery. A curious feature in its disposition to discharge itself was that it would only do so repeatedly when touched by a sensitive object. Disturbed by a glass rod, it would give a few shocks, and desist but on touching it with tho hand it would again discharge itself.

When Mr. Blackford's eel was in full vigor many persons were shocked by merely putting their hands into the water. It was also remarked that tho shock from contact with the single lmnd was not necessarily confined to the immersed portion.

PRACTICAL TEST OK OYMWOTU8. A fact not known to all, perhaps, is that a circuit made of telegraph wire, paasingjaround the body anil lown each sleeve into the hands, will furnish a protection against these and similar electric shocks.

Mexican Kulna.

The Chihuahua (Mexico) Enterprise reports tho discovery of some remarkable ancient ruins near Magilalena, in Sonora. Half way up the hill, which is about TOO feet high, is a layer of gypsum, white as snow and easily cut, yet hard enough to retain its shape after being cut. In it are ait great number of rooms. The walls and ceilings are plumb, the walls being about ejght feet high. There are no windows, though the stone is so white that the rooms ore not dark. Figures carved on the walls show human hands having five fingers and a thumb, and the feet having six toes. The rooms ore one above another to the height of three or four stories, but they recede at each story the width of a room, presenting tho appearance of steps.

A Great Condenser.

Lieut Maury, an ex-United States and exConfederate naval officer, in a work called "Tho Physical Geography of the Sea," shows the similarity of the condensing process going on on the surface of our globe, to a steam engine The dry winds of the tropics, passing over the vast ocean area at the equator, take up the water in large quantities by evaporation. This region, being the hottest, the air laden with this moisture rises and is cartied to the regions of the poles. There it is condensed by the cooler temperature, cornea down in rain and rum through the water sheds back into the ocean to go through the ro me process anew.

A Fro* Farm.

A tract of land on the western share of Cayuga lake, near Canoga, has been leased to Rochester parties for the cultivation of frogs. The raising of frogs for the New York market has come to be a recognised industry. There is a large frog farm in the neighborhood of Waterloo and several in Canada, and still the demand Is grsater than the supply.

in!

ANSWERS

the

human hand, i3 placed in an intermediate part of the water, it will receive a slight shock. If tho hand grasps the flsh, it will also be a portion of tho connecting conductor, and will bo shocked up to the point of immersion. If both hands grasp it, the shock is received in groat intensity, as the body all comes into tho circuit. The farther apart the points of tho body thus grasped were, the greater tho Fshock.

QUERIES.

From Wedding: Anniversaries to Copf right Law. EXPERIMENTS WITH HORSES,

J. E. C. is informal that it is impossible to PIGS AND ELEPHANTS. comply with his request iu this column,

How shall I proceed to secure a copyright for a book wish to publish on my own hook? SCRIB. Publishing books on one's own hook is a risky business? Jlowtver, if you will do it, you can get a copyright as follows: Prepare a printed title page of your book. Send it, with £1 inclosed, to the librarian of congress, Hon. Ainsworth R. Spofford, Washington, D. C. Ask him to send you in returns copyright The $ lis for clerk and registration

fees-

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Anybody Answer This?

Can you inform me to whom Tennyson refers in his first verse of "In Memoriam "I held it truth, with him vrho sings

To one clear harp iu divers tones, £$£1% That men may rise on stepping stones Of their dead selves to higher things." —LANCELOT.

General and Lieutenant General. For what persons were the offices of general and lieutenant general created in the United States army? G. A.

The office of lieutenant general was created for Washington, hi May, 171)8, and abolished in March, 1799. Washington held the office of general from this time till bis death, a period of nine months. Gen. Bcott was made brevet lieutenant gcne~al in March, 1847. Tho grade of lieutenant general was revived by an act of congress, in Feb. 1SG4, and on March 4 of the same year the president nominated Gen. Grant to the position, which was confirmed at once by tho senate. In

July, 18G6, congress revived the grade of gen-j

eral, and Gen. Grant was appointed. In July, 1866, congress provided for one general and one lieutenant general of the army, when Grant became general Sherman succeeded him as lieutenant general. When Grant became president'' Shermau became general, and Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. The office of general became extinct with Sherman's retirement. Sheridan now commands as lieutenant general. When he vacates the office it too becomes extinct.

Imprisonment for Debt.

Is the old English law, which makes it possible to imprison a man for debt, still in force? C. L. Tho law imprisoning a man for debt in England was abolished in 1838. It is still possible to confine a man for his debts there, in case it is apparent that he will try to evade them by fraud, i. e.. if he is preparing to leave tlio country or declines to pay when a claim has been decided against him in the courts.

A Young Commander.

(Jan you inform a reader and settle a dispute by informing me how old den. McCl.'llan was when he took command of the army of the Potomac?

Poisonous Air in Weils.

What is the cause of poisonous air in wells? Is there anything to prevent it? FARMER. It is carbonic acid gas. Being heavier than the air it settles to the bottom of the well where it accumulates. It is advisable, before descending into a well, especially an old one, or one in which there is little water, to let down a burning candle. If there is carbonic acid gas in the bottom the candle will jo out. Then the air in the well should be agitated so as to drive the impure gas out »nd draw in pure air. This is frequently ione by exploding a charge of gunpowder in the well. Another method is to lower a vessel containing burning charcoal. The red iiot coals will absorb a groat deal of the gas, vnd when cooled they may be drawn up, ignited and burned again. Turning a stream of water into the well will also absorb this

The First English Printer.

Who is called the father of English printing, jnd what year was he born? II. 8. William Caxton. He lived between the years 1412 and 1491.

The Inventor of the Air Piuup. Who was tho inventor of the air pump? Otto Guericke, at Magdeburg, in 1650.

A Question for the Army.

Can you inform me if a wife can compel her husband to support her if he is an officer in the regular army? WIFE.

Not through tho army. She can only report tho matter to his commanding officer. The paper will go through the proper channel and the officer will be called on for an explanation. If his explanation i9 not satisfactory, he may be court mortialed for conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, and if found guilty will be dismissed from tho army. But tho court martial has no power to compel him to support his wife.

The Story of William Tell.

Can yon Inform me whether the story of William Tell, who shot the apple off his son's head, is history or mythical? B. H. W.

This matter not long ago secured considerable attention from students, and their investigations tended to show that the story is not true. It came from ancient mythological poetry, and crept into the history of Swiss independence.

Who Can Hold Office?

Can a person who has been six years In the United States, but who has only taken out his first papers, hold a position under the government? L. V.

All legislative, executive and judicial officers of the United States, and of the several states, are required to take an oath to support the constitution of the United States. One not having full papers is technically unable to take the oath, and could not fill any of these positions.

A Bridegroom's Costume.

How sboukl a bridegroom he dressed'for aa afternoon wedding? AKTBQB C. A bridegroom dressed for an afternoon wedding should wear a black frock coat and waistcoat, with a white silk scarf. (Not a dress tie.) His trousers should be of some light color.

What

Cocaine?

Will you pte*K» inform me what cocaine Ik and what it is twed for? N. Cocaine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the erythroxykwi coca, a South American shrub. The value of the plant as a nerve stimulant has long been known to the natives of Peru and Bolivia, where it grows in abundance. Several years ago a German physician discovered that a solution of cocaine in hydrochloric add possesses remarkable powers as a local anaesthetic. It was first tried in opthalmic surgery, but has since been extended to other parta A few drofn placed on any of the delicate nerves of the sye will paralyse them so that an operation maybe performed without discomfort to ttte patient There is an advantage in this over

chloroform and ether, insomuch as the co-l The coat of postage stamps to the governtaty be applied to the part and affect it n^t^oovering evwgthing. including dellv-

ANIMAL TRAINING.

an assistant

posted.

SOLDIER.

Gen. McClellan was between 54 and 36 yours old when ho was placed in command of the army in Virginia, and soon after he •oiamanded all the armies of the United States.

DOGS,

The Horse Said to be the Most Stupid of ^Animals—A Trainer's Methods—Dogs, Viga and Elephants Thrashed into Submission.

People who go to the circus and see horses, elephants, monkeys, and tho like perform wonderful tricks must often ask themselves how the animals are taught to do them. A writer in The Matin, having interviewed saveral circus celebrities, undertakes to satisfy their curiosity. M. Loyal, who ha3 bsen ring master of the leading Paris circus for 32 years, supplies interesting information concerning horses. "The horse," he says, "contrary to general belief, is tho most stftpid animal on earth. He has only one faculty—memory. You must teach liini his exercises with the cavesson and tho long whip. Having forced them into his head, you must use the short whip when ho resists and give him a carrot, when he obeys. Whips and carrots form tho secret of the trainer. The horse must bo from 5 to 7 years old ^Before that ago ho is too spirited, after it his muscles are not elastic enough. Tho first thing to do is to accustom your horse to the ring, to make him run round regularly, and then to stop at a given signal. To accomplish this tho nnimal is brought into the ring. The trainer holds in his left hand a tether, which is passed into tho cavesson, a kind of iron crescent ai-med with sharp points fixed on tho nose of the horse in his right hand he holds a long whip. Behind the animal

with a stout short whip, is

THE TRAINER'S METHODS.

"The trainer calls on the horse to start, and, pulling his tether and smacking his Ions whip, forces him to gallop round. If he refuses, the assistant uses his whip also if ho is obedient, he is rewarded with a carrot. To mako him stop short, the trainer cracks his long whip again, while thp assistant with his short whip throws himself suddenly in front of tho animal, and the result is obtained." M. Loyal tells us that "the horse has a great objection to kneeling or lying down at any moment. This feat is taught by means of iron brackets placed on his ankles and attached to a tetlior held by tho trainer, who, by sudden jerks or pulls as he is moving, makes him fall or ki 1. Tho animal remerrtbers tho lessons, and, by dint of whip and carrot, ultimately performs them at the mere command of the trainer. Tho horse is taught to dance to music in the same way with the foot bracelets." As regards the learned horse, who opens boxes and takes articles out of them, hero is how the animal is trained to do it: "I first get a carrot," says M. Loyal, I place it in a box. I then lead the horse to tho box. Ho smells the carrot, lifts up tho lid of tho box with his nose and takes out tho vegetable, which ho is allowed to cat. Tho next iluy, before letting the horse fioo, I show liim a handkerchief full of bran. Ho takes it and tries to eat it. I then lot him loose. Ho runs to tho box, but—bitter deception—it is empty. The day after I reRtuno tho exercise, but this time the horso finds the handkerchief with the bran in the box. Ho takes it out, and I reward him with a carrot. I decrease the amount of bran in the handkerchief every day, until in the end I put merely tho handkerchief in the box. Tho horse brings it to me, and gets his carrot. I then reduce the size of the carrot every day, until ut last I give him nothing. The horse continues to perform with tho handkerchief in the hope qt getting the carrot."

With respect to dogs, M. Changeux, who is now exhibiting a troupe of them at the Nouveau Arq"e, says their education is a work of time and patience. Sometimes it takes two years. "I use neither sugar nor whip," ho informs us. "I take my dog in my hands, talk to him, and try to make him understand what he is to do. I perform the tricks myself and the dogs follow and imitate me.'' At present he is showing a carriage dog which performs on the single wire.

DOGS, PIOS AXD ELEPHANTS.

"I will tell you how I taught him to become an equilibrist. I made him first of all walk on a plank which was balanced to and fro. Tho plank was gradually reduced in width every day, and tho movement accclerated. At length the plank dwindled down to a narrow slip this was replaced by a long round stick, and ultimately the dog found himself on tho single wire." Strange to say, this dog is blind. M. Changeux says scent is the great quality which enables dogs to perform some tricks. For example, the poodles who play at dominoes are taught by their scent. The trainer touches the dominoes which the dog has to play, and tho animal, Bmelling them, picks them out from the rest and plays them.

Tho pig is said to be the most difficult animal to train. Tony Grice, the clown, does not believe in learned pigs. They are to be taught only by their weak point—their gluttony. "When jl have got my young pig," he says, "I begin on the principal that I shall obtain nothing from him without satisfying his appetite. I feed him myself, and during a few days I vary his food in order to find out what be likes best. As soon as I have discovered his favorite dish, I deprive him of it completely. Tho dish is my great talisman. The chief pig I am now performing with prefers beef fat. I put a piece in my pocket. I jump over hurdles, and the pig follows me, doing likewise. In this way he learns his exercises and gets his fat. I decrease the piece of fat every day, and at last I give him nothing. Should he refuse to work I thrash him till he does, and having completed his performances, I recompense him with his favorite meat."

The elephant, on the contrary, is very intelligent, and his education would be easy but for his cumbersome weight, which forces the trainer to have recourse to cruel means. For instance, to make him raise and hold oat his foot, an iron ring with sharp points is placed on it, and being drawn by a rope the points enter the flesh. The elephant feeling the pain, lifts np his foot and keeps it in the air till the pain ceases. After a few repetitions, he remembers the pain, and at the sight of the iron raises his foot. His instruction, thanks to his intelligence, is soon completed. Some elephants are taught in less than a fortnight to {day on a drum, work a tricvele, and beg on their hind

Pall Mall Gazette.

Boy* Should Cultivate Km. Many boys, without being conscious of it, are constantly wriggling. They fidget when standing, and do not know what to do with their hands. When sitting, the trouble is with their feet, and they with these keep np a tapping, or other notion, or continually cross legs one over another. Let every boy who reeds this train himself —like a soldier, to "stand aft ease," and also to sit at ease.—Atlanta Constitution.

WRITTEN IN SAND.

IVhat was I doing to dream so long C* your p!eading voice in a tender song? ,« Could I not waken and understand Vhc touch and thrill of a searching hand But ::o it happened and thus we met, I ca^ still remember if you forget. That night in tho past, though faith has flo*"PWhen you left me to think, with my heart alCTX\

What were you Baying, my heartl my heart: As we cljing together, and dared not part? It will beat forever vhikt life shall last, That pulse of lore from the peaceful past. But so it happened, and thus we stood In the iuooniit hush of the lonely wood. I shall ever remember whilst life endures Upw you told me of love, when my heart was yours.

Why ain I thinking of life once dear, As the days closaia the fading year? x-f Tho moon still quivers, the stars stiil shine, Cut the h::artti another's that once was imue: And so it hapix'ned! between us twria: Man's truth is written in sand again Cut no one will know, through Use long, dull yean How you l?ft mi alou with this pain of tears.

—Clarence Scott in Boston Traveler^

PASSADLE MANNER3 TO LET.

A Nice tight Business for Young Mci Who Haven't Anything Better to Do. "Anything fcr mofJ Ono of tho advertising clerks in tho business office of a big daily paper glanced at the initials on a card which tho inquirer showed him and passed three letters across the counter. Tho person tr whom they were addressed, a blonde young man with a small, well trimmed mustache, close croppied whiskers just under his cars, and a last year's mustard colored boxcoat, opened tho first letter, grinned, and showed it to a friend. "It's deuced funny—to them," he said. "Half the answers are guys." "Let's see your advertisement again," said the friend. The other produced it, and it read:

Young man of passable appearance and manners i3 willing to cscort respectabb ladies to places of amusement evenings. Address L. B. M., office. "Your ad. isn't big enough," said the friend. Perhaps that is why the young man talked so openly when a reporter struck him. "The business isn't as good yet as it ought to be," he said, "but I struck an engagement of five performances out of seven last week. One stayed through and paid me §3. The others were to take and call for and paid $1.50 apiece. Of course I couldn't live on that. I'm a card writer by profession "What's your mode of procedure?1' "If they want me they write me to call. I go in the afternoon, show my references, which are good, and make arrangements as to whether they want a carriage or not, for instance, and whether I shall wear evening dress, in which case I charge $1 extra. Then in the evening I appear, send up my card, ana no one knows, I think, that I am not wasting my own money in taking my affianced, my mother or my wife, as the case may be, to the play. "You'd be surprised, sir, to know how much even a hired escort is to some women. Ton my word, they hang on my arm—I don't mean all of them—when we cross the gutters, and they chatter—I really believe they're a good deal more interested in keeping up the make-believe than 1 am. In fact, I am quite certain that that Laucaster woman —she ordered me a dress suit, by the way— has formed her idea of a city society man oui my make ijp. But you mustn't say anything about that. It would injure the business." "You spoke of staying through some perfonnances and merely taking to and calling for others. Can you make two engagements in a night?" 'Places of amusement,' my advertisement reads," answered the hired escort. "There are a groat many amusements besides the theater—lectures, concerts and tableaux. Most of these are out an hour before tho theatres close. In Boston, where there are so many old maids, you know, and yet such a large amusement loving population, I almost always had two engagements a .night."—Philadelphia Pi-ess.

A Spurious Browning Cult. A bright lady of my acquaintance, mtellectual without tho assertive sort of intellectually that grieves and wearies one, is inclined to be slightly incredulous about the ready comprehension which some people profess for everything that Browning has written. She was talking about tho matter with another lady, a profound latter day Browningite, the other evening. "I am sure," said this latter, "that I understand without difficulty everything that Browning wrote." "And upon the first reading?'' asked another. "Certainly." •-si

My incredulous friend took dowii her Browning, turned gravely to ono of the most mystical of the poems and began to read the wrong end first That is to say, she read the last lino first, and then tho next to the last line, and kept on till she had read the whole, finishing in an animated delivery with the first line of the poem. She lent to the rhyme, more or less dubious, of the poet, tho music, quite undeniable, of her voice and the new disciple of Browning drank it all in with eager eara. "There!" the reader said, when she had finished, "do you mean to say that you understand thatf "Perfectly 1" «nif! the other "nothing could be more luminous *.hnn those glorious lines, which march from their introductory statement to their irresistible conclusion like the gleaming advance of a splendid army I"—Boston Post.

Outfit for a Gambling House. "The official staff of a small gambling house doesn't cost much money," said a faro dealer, who sat in a barber's chair away up on Madison street one day last week. "You can get a good dealer for $35 a week, and as for a lookout—oh, well, you can get a dandy with a diamond and a red and white shirt for 112. Take a stud poker dealer, tor instance. Rattling good men at this layout are thicker^ •coppers' in a shoestring game. You can pick them up most anywhere, and when you get one with a good eye for 'sleeping' bets and 'rake oils' you needn't pay him more than $20 a woelt. The 'square game' hazard man, with a good set of lungs, can be corraled for $18 a week. 8ome of the larger houses give the faro dealers a percentage of the winnings with a salary in addition. The other members of the staff fare better than their confreres in the smaller houses, but if you are just opening a quiet house and want to tread along rather cautiously you needn't put up more $150 a week in salaries."—Chicago Herald.

To Prevent the Skin from Discoloring •JVake a little dry starch or arrowroot, and merely it with cold water and lay it on the injured part. This most bo ao®b immediately to prevent tbe action of the air upon tbe skin. However, it may be applied some boors afterward with good effects.— Journal of Chemistry.

Boil enough scarlet beets to make about a quart when grated on a coarse grater, then add a small teacop of grated horseradish and some vinegar. To be eaten with meat*-—The Household.

The taste of fish maybe removed vwysffactsally from knives and forks by robbing tfasm with fnahorangaor IsnaonpeeL

YOUNG FOLKS' COLUMN.

THE FLYING SQUIRREL ON AN AERIAL EXPEDITiqk

A Horse Gold Conld Not —Interesting experiments with Rays of Light. A Curious Optical Game. sc

Tho squirrel family is a favorfte one with young folks, and perhaps 110 other species of this favorite family affords greater interest than does the flying squirrel, a picture of which is here given. In gliding from tree to tree our common American flying squirrel descends obliquely and with very rapid motion (sec cut), until near the tree which it seeks to roach, when it wheels upward £iui alights at about a third of tho height which it was from the ground on tho trco which it left, the distance between the trees being per: haps fifty feet. ...

THE FLYING SQUIRREL.

These squirrels are enabled to take these extraordinary leaps, gliding for a great distance through the air, by means of a fold of the skin of the flanks which extends between the foro and hind legs. They are also partly supported by bony processes of the feet. Then, too, the tail aids to support them in the air, as well as to direct their motion, its hairs extending laterally, in a sort of feathery expansion. The Hying squirrels inhabit tho woods, and night is tho time of then- activity. They are very easily trained.

Grant's Favorite Horse.

Gen. Grant took great delight in exhibiting his horses to his friends with whom he was intimate. Once at his stables, with a friend, ho said: "Perhaps you would like to soe the horse I rode during all the campaigns I commanded?"

The animal was ordered to bo brought out. Tho gentleman was surprised to find tho horso no larger than a lady's palfrey—small, slender, agile limbed, black as a coal, intelligent, mild, an eye like a li'awk, and a lick on tho mane for all tho world like a boy's cowlick. It was such an animal as women and children would mako into a family pet.

The gentleman pronounced the animal a beauty, but expressed a doubt as to its endurance. S "Endurance!" said the general. "This animal exceeds in endurance any horseflesh 1 ever saw. I have taken him out at daylight and kept in tho sadulo till dark, and ho came in as fresh when I dismounted as when we started in the morning. There isn't gold in America to buy.him."—Golden Days.

A Notable Dog.

The picture here given represents a truly remarkable dog, the exact breed of which do£s not seem to have been satisfactorily decided, though appearances indicate some relationship to the noble mastiff family. Leo, for that was his name, belonged to Professor Mezzeroff, the well known teacher of scientific warfare and manufacturer of dynamite bombs. Leo camo originally from Thibet, weighed 180 pounds, and when standing in his favorite position (as shown in the cut) held his head three feet high from the ground. This dog was remarkable not only in appearance but character. He was exceedingly sagacious, and appeared to understand tho human speech as readily as any child. He was also watchful of women and children, and would spring at the throat of any jierson who approached them in other than a kindly way.

V..- PROFESSOR MKZZKROFr'S DOG LEO.

Leo represented a breed of dogs native to the Himalaya mountains. These dogs, owing to their great strength and unusual sagacity, are employed both as beasts of burden and as hunters of game. Fastened to sleds, like horses, they draw large loads for the sturdy mountaineers, their masters, who arA also indebted to the dogs for much of the game that graces their frugal boards.

Leo, who was exceedingly fond of his master, when he sickened and was about to die, feeling that some strange fate was in store for him, sought Professor Mezzeroff and in true dog language made known his fears. His master, understanding the pitiful appeals, took the dog in his arms and tenderly him on a sofa, where he finally died, happy and content, because his best friend was with him. Leo's son is now the only dog of this remarkable breed in the United States.

Carious Optical Experiments. Ah interesting and instructive experiment with rays of light can be made as follows: MaIta a gmnii hole in a stout piece of pasteboard, and set the piece upright on a table in front of two or three candles placed near each other. Lay a sheet of paper on tbe table, and the rays from tbe different candlm panning through tbe hole will form as many spots of light a there are candles, each spot being pcrfect and distinct. Tbis cxperiraei.t proves that the rays of light do not obstruct each other in tbeir progress, although all cross in pww"»g through the hole, a lesson young folks will do well to remember.

Tbke a large conical shaped drinki iz glass place a ten cent piece into it, and fill it about half fnll of water. Put a plate njxra tbe top of the glass and tarn it very quickly over, so that the water may not cscape, and a piece of silver a3 large as a half crown will immediately appear in the plate, and same little way up the glass another piece will {resent itself about the size of a shilling or ten cent piece. This curious effect is caused by refraction.

Among the toys of tbe children or the imperial family of Austria is a group of china soldiers, representing all the different uniforms in tbe Austrian army from tbe most remote days to the present. The Emperor Francis Joseph received it from his father and gave it to the Crown Prince Rudolph, wbo was 8 years old at that time.

PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. A visit to Dr. Green's Laboratory, at Woodbury, N. J., has considerably changed our views, and especially our

f»rejudices

in regard to what aregcnoral-

known as "Standard Patent Medicines." Of course we are getting to that age in life when we are forced to conelude Life itself is a humbug, and naturally distrust anything that has not withstood long and tried experiences. Being a physician I had the curiosity to know how such a sale of two medical preparations could be sustained for so many, years. The perfect system upon which, the business is concluded, and the phar-t maceutical arrangements for the manu-*-: factui of the two recipes with which we were made acquainted, are sufficiently convincing to us that the August Flower, "V for Dyspepsia and Boseliee Gorman. Syrup, for Throat and Lung Troubles, w^re for the complaints they are recommended, most excellent remedies, and only regret that in much of our practice, medical ethics prevent us from prescribing them without making the formulas public. When we wore shown tho great quantity of voluntary letters having oeen lurwarited Dr. Green, from all parts of the country, and from all classes of peo-

pie, lawyers, ministersluid doctors, giving a description of their ailments, testimonials of their cures, etc., 1 feel like endorsing Dr. Green's suggestion that the Government accept such valuable formulas, and license them for general use by giving protection to the inventor same as patents generally.—Copied from, N. Y. ])ru(jffi.sts'1 Circular of Oct., 188t.

Burlington Free Press: swell—an ulcerated tooth.

Dr. Kings New Discovery for Consumption is guaranteed to cure Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asthma, Croup and every affection of Throat, Chest and Lungs. Trial Bottles Free at Cook, Bell Si Lowry's Drug Store. Largo Size, $1. (3)

-ft Brace Up.

You are feeling depressed, your appetite is poor, you are bothered wlt-h Headache, you are ndRotty, nervous, and generally out of sorts, and want to brace up. Brace up, but not with stimulant*, spring medicines, or bitters, which luivc for their basis very cheap, bad whisky, and which stimulate you for an hour, and then leave you In worse condition than before. What you want Is an alterative that will purify your bloOd, start, healthy action of the I.iver and Kidneys, restore your vitality, and give renewed health and strength. Such a mcdiciiic you will ilnd in Electric Bitters, and only .'*) cents a bottle at Cook, Bell A Lowry. (.Si

llueklen's Arnica Naivt^.

The Best Salve In the world for Cuts, Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores, Tetter, ('happed ilnnds, Chilblains, Corns, and all skin eruptions, and positively cures Piles, or no pay required. It is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction, or money refunded. 25c. per box. For sale by Cook A Hell. (tf.

DYSPEPSIA

Isndangerous ns well an dl8tnwnh\K complaint. If nefitacitGd. it tend*, by impairing nutrition, una aeprexeiriR tho tone of tho system, to prepare tlio way for Rapid Decline.

A howling

MUNI

KxcelWnt.

J. J. Atkins, Chief of Police, Knoxville, Tenn., writes: "My family and I are beneficiaries of your most excellent medicine, Dr. Kings New Discovery for Consumption have found it to be all that you claim for it, desire to testify to its virtue. My friends to whom I liavc recommended it, praise it at every opportunity."

the

BEST TONIC

lnt«s the appetite, and ol'in the assimilation of food. REV. J, RosHiTKn. tlio honored RN»tr of First Beforiiie I Oiiurrh. Bnltimoro. Md.. finyn

Having lined Brown's Iron Bitter* li.r Dyhpepiin and Ind iKMHtiim I tnkn groat pleiwmo in it highly. A tm connidw it plcudid tui.io monding 1....... and invigorntor and very KtrwigtiieiiiiiH."

HON. JOSEPH O. 8tnr, Judgo of Circuit f'orr». Clinton Co.. Ind nnyn: I bear muet tinrirl tiiMf mony to tl'e cttioacy of Brown'u Iron BAii-.i i,.r Dynpaptii/t, and as a tonic." OonuinehasaboroTrade Mnrk and rrnwil rr! linaa on wrapper, Tnkc no other. Made t.nly by BliOWN CikltllJAl.C«., HA WI .MOlih, Ml).

HALL'S

There Is more Catarrh in this section of the country than all other diseases put together, and until the

incurable. For a great many years Doctors pronounced It a loeaf'dlKease, and prescribed local remedies, and by constantly failing to cure with local treatment pronounced it Incurable. Science has proven Catarrh to be a constitutional disease, and therefore requires a constitutional treatment. Hall's Catarrh Cure, manufactured by K. .1. Cheney & Co., Toledo, Ohio, Is the only constitutional cure now on the market. It Is taken Internally In doses from 10 drops to a spoonful. It acts directly upon the blood and mucus surfaces of the system. They ofTer one hundred dollars for any case it falls to cure. Send for circular and testimonials. Address,

F. J. CHENEY A CO, Prop'rs, Toledo, Ohio, gold by Druggists, 75 cents.

CATARRH CURE.

O 3

HORSE AMD CATTLE POWDERS

Bo Hmat will die of Cotia Bors or Lcira Tw•m. If FontPowders are naed in time. Pontx*i Powders will core and prevent Ho® Csounu.

Footz's Powders will prevent GAPK* I* Fowls. Yonuc* Powders will increase the qnanttty of milk and cream twenty per cent, and make tbe batter arm and sweet.

Foots* Powders will en re or prevent almost ZVKSY DISC&SK to which Horses and Cattle are subject. Fotrrs'a Powrwss wiu. oir* SATJSTACTIO*.

Sold everywhere. DAVID *. rotmz, Pro prist or. BAI/TIMOKX. MD.

CURE FITS!

say tmn I to aot man ursly to atop |b«a tor m4 ISaa Save fltoa ntaro a»«ln. I mu iM- •». I KTTL MM UM MIHM OF FITS, 01 •r WALuna stoma* iu* •»«»y. mf n*Mtfy to cam lb* wocst WHS, BMMS* •art MM Is so mm for

teal em I0IT warnat

aow nestling a

•sad «MS (or a Inttla MM! BotU* arr rsasdy. H*s Ktpnss aad rsMOScs. It wets |«t IsratrtaLaad I will ears foa.

UMDli B. 0. ROOT, !($ Fsarl ft,KswTsrk.

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