Saturday Evening Mail, Volume 6, Number 46, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 13 May 1876 — Page 2

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^THRRB HAUTE, it, is*

rfl£ UNDISCOVERED CONTINENT.

7n If*.000 Years the Ocean trill Roll 200 Fret Deep over .\V» 1'orX O'ty. 4

the Popular Science Monthly for ^April is an article by I'ro lessor (*. C.

Merriman, entitled "The I'olar Gla•ciere," which narrate* »»ome foots but re.toently discovered, and record* so mo re"markablo conclusions. A condensed '{summary of these facts and conclusions will prove of interest to all.

The centre of gravity of the earth is the centre of the sphere formed bv the surface of the oceans—making slight allowance for polar flattening, it is a point .. equally distant from tho level of the sea on all sides. In each hemisphere the sea level in the same latltnde would be at the same distance from the centre, and whatever excess of visible land there is in one-hall mast be balanced by some correspond lng weight in the other half. Ant! it is evident that this eounterpoaing weight must, in fact.be land, supposing, as is almost certainly the case, that the materials in each hemisphere are equally heavy according to bulk. It therefore follows to a mathematical demonstration that there is exactly the same weight of land projected above the water in both hemispheres.

But tho map of the world, as geogra-

Eihers

have outlined it, shows that there apparently a vast preponderence of land north of the equator. Humboldt estimated that Asia stands at an average height of 1,150 feet above the sea Soutd America, 1,1.'$0 feet North America, 750 feet Europe, 670 feet. The average height of the whole—omitting Africa ana Australia, which are about as much south as nortn of the equator—is ft2u feet. There is in the northern hemisphere 44,000,000 square miles known to geographers in the southern, about lrt,OOO.OOO—little more than a third as much—leaving a difference of 128,0(X),X0 square milt averaging trJ0 feet high.

Hut as there is the samo visible excess of water on the southern side that there is of land on the northern, and as the depth of eeas is about the panic, it follsw8 that the weight of the excess of submerged land in the northern hemisphere must^he added to the '28,000.000 square miles* doubling the height of it, and making it least 1,840 feet above tinavenge level of the southern continents and ocean-depths. What is there south of the equator to balance this? We must have something, or the earth would not maintain its poi^e. There must be something -n the southern side to balance the orb and make that water-lovel possible.

This balancing weight is estimated by Professor Merriman to lie in that vast unexplored and inaccessible region, as large as North America, that caps and surrounds the southern pole. But supposing this 8,000.000 miles within the antartic circle to be land, it would still require over it all an average thickness of two and a half miles of solid ice to make the southern hemisphere equal the northern in weight. This vast iceberg Professor Merriman believes to exist.

The voyages of explorers thereaway seem to oontirm this hypothesis They have never been able to penetrate the high and formidable Ice barrier which masks this desolate region. No sign of animal life or vegetation is there, while within the a ic circle at the north th arc Humorous settlements and whole races of men. In the north sledges have

f»enetrated

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within 000 miles of the pole:

tho south no man has ever ventured within 1.500 miles. What causes this great difference? The explanation is plain.

Owin 7 to its eccentric movement around the snn our northern summer is some eight days longer than our winter, while in the south of courso the winter is eight days longer than summer. This sixteen days makes much difference, which is emphasized by the additional fact that during the long southern winter the earth Is farthest from the sun.

Thus year after year, for a long period, there has leen a steady accumulation of ico material alxMU the south pole, adding weight to that hemisphere. Thenasthis weight of Ice Increased tho earth's centre of gravity has gradually moved to the south, and tho waters flnent and obedient to gravitation have slowly gathered into southern seas, covering tne lowlands of the south. At tho same time this transfer of weight from the north has drawn the waters away from the srtlc regions and left the sea-bars and shoals to project and become habitaide.

But this state of things Is not always to go on. The north is not always to bask in tho longest summer.

The earth, in addition to its diurnal and annual revolutions, has a slow walbllng of Its axis In tho heavens. It Is precisely as when ono touches the rim of a top In rapid motion, the upper end of the stem describes a small circle. So tho mighty sun lays hold of the protuberant rim of the great terresterial top. and it begins to oscillate In tho long period of 21,000 Oirs. That is to say, on December 21, 1248 the earth made Its nearest approach t^ the sun and it will approach equally near In 10,500 years from that time, or hi the year 11,743, on the 2l*t of July. In the period mm-

rising the Ursi case our northern winare short and m'ld and our summers long and sunny. During the period of which the year U,74S will be the middle our winters will bo severe and onr summers short. The northern hemisphere Is now losing Is great summer. In about 10,000 years it will be In the midst of Its great and terrible winter. The.i the southern hemisphere will be fall of sunlight and prolonged warmth.

Now let us see what would result from this. The melting of mile In thickness o£ the ice-cupola of the south pole would ml** the sea-level at the north pole rj00 feet, at Ijondon 250 feet, and at New York 200 fret. If the whole Ice-cupola were removed and an equal quantity deposited at tho north pale, there would lx» a deepening of the sea a a 1 0 a New York of considerably more than 1,000.

Thus It mm that, as certainly a« terrestrial revolutions continue, in the conn# of MfcHOP years there mnstom.ie an entire fe#^al of polar conditions. Tbe southern water* must be drained of! to nmke the ocma* of sn opposite hemisnher*. New latwK enriched with the sediment of a hand red centre*, will rise nn to extend the borders of the «ld aouth continent*, .ndt Islands fining together will expand Into mainland*. At the aatoe Mme the northern continent* mast be In great part submerged, and their summits and the bleak Wanda and the boMtanad lands of a tempestuous ocean. Jwtrai

Vsta. with Ha broad table-land*, may "Hfcun retain tbe name of a continent but beyond a few outlying islands there will bo ao Europe and but little of Nortr

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America left. Tbe Atlantic waters lil stand 500 fe«t over Lake Superior, and will wash the bale of the BockJf Mountain* in all tbfftr loMtlu A »®w gulf Stream may again, aa

It B*u»t Wtcn §|ve

dose before, flow up thg Vf luf Mississippi, returning tjf d«tlas M}»® prairies, and miiwklngthd bed* of the garden of tbefjporldk, These are no idle or imi08sibll| fartptea. Not only are they the result#of rigorous calculation, but they aooord perfectly with the unmistakable evidences which the ocean has left all over our land of its recent work and presence.

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A century ago England, prostrated by he dissoluteness of the Restoration, was the home of moral barbarism, It was the Utopia or gaHantry. It was the land of cuckoldom. It was frho chosen rendezvous of gambling and duelling, drunkenness, profanity, obscenity, theft and murder. Men wero hangod by the score for picking pockets, stealing sheop, cutting down apple trees. HuelllHg was commor, and young ladies were Invited to witness them as a pleasant and harmless amusement. Even tho gentle Dick Steele was drawn and badgered into ono, and accidentally he killed his man. Clergvmen fought and served as seconds.* Ladies went with a dagger in the belt, for thev were liable to be insulted whenever they appeared alono in the streets. Coaches were attacked by highwaymen in the streets of Ixndon, and their occupants robbed or slain. Travelers went armed with blunderbusses, and some of the less belligerent carried purses full of bad money, wherewith to cheat the merry highwayman. Horace Walpole, a minister of the Government, was boldly stopped and robbed in 1752, near Wickenham Park, in Londan, and be writes of it: "It is shocking to think what a shameless cuintry this has grown to be. Ono is forced to travel, even at noon, as if going to battle."

IKI N KEN NESS.

This vice was almost universal. It was regarded as a gentleman's first accomplishment—not merely to drink alwa3Ts and much, but to be frequently drunk. The habit so won its way by familiarity that even the ladies ceased to rebuke or apparently to loathe it. Ladv Cooper wrote, in 1715, In her diary, "Din-dwith Mrs. Clayton. Was left by chairman and servants—all drunk. Could haidly got to the Princess'. Ladies and clergymen were often intoxicated in public judges got drunk on circuit and Mackenzie records that his host at Castle (Jrant kept two Highlanders whose business it was to loos? the cravats of tho gontlemen when tliev fell under the table so that they would not choko to death!

PROFANITY.

The habit of hard swearing and loose conversation was so neaily universal that it seems to have excited little comment, and it is scarcely noticed by the essavist except as an absurd folly. Even the best of the novelists, Miss Maria Edgeworth and Miss Jane Austin, seldom permit their male characters to speak without an oath. So thickly are tho oaths scattered in the eighteenth century that it seems to us of this milder age a gross exaggeration of the writer. Even the female "sex, wroto Canning in 1780, caught the contagion.

GAMBLING.

Gambling was quite as common as drinking and sweating. Lady Cooper wrote: "My mistress (tho Princess ol Wales) and the Duchess of Montagu went halves at hazard and won .£*000." On one occasion large sums wero lost and won to tho nobility on a race between two maggots crawling Mcross the table. Walpole wrote: "Dissipation, without object, pleasure or genius, tho only color of the times. Almost all of the ladies of "quality" gamed.

THRCI.KKUY IN CONTEMPT. During this unparalleled reign of debauchery the clergy were in contempt every where, and their characters generally matched* their reputations. Tho chaplain of a groat house was compelled to leave the table before tho dessert was brought in. Swift says that In tbe time of "good George II." "In a great household the chaplain was the resource of the lady's maid whose character had been blown upon, and who was forced, therefore, to give up her hopes of catching the steward." They wero despised by the rich and respected by none. They drank ale and smoked tobacco with the servant® In the kitchen, and married the cast-off Abigails of the housekeoper's room. Mies Edgeworth says of a buck parson of her time: "It was tho common practice of this man to leap from his J^orso at the church doer on Sunday after following a pack «f hounds, huddle on his surplice, andFgabble over the servico In the tuost indecent mockery of religion. Do I xpeak with acrimony I have reason. It wns ho who llrst taught my lord to drink."

MARRYINH MADE EASY,

In such an age marrying was not difficult. Formalities were dispensed with. Tho ministers wero so poor that they were glad to carry on a lucrative bus noss by performing illegal and clande tine marriages. They stopj*d per-ons In the street and bosonght tho privilege of marrying thom, as bootblacks now do to "shine 'em op." Tatern-keeners near the Fleet kept ministers, like lw*-

tiers, asa part of the establishment. The Grab Street Journal of January 15, says ply

ION

THIS MTBRATt'RK.

The characteristics of an age are embalmed In Its literature, like fliea in amIter. The novels of tbe eighteenth century indicate a period of atnailng tow*, new*, perfidy, and licentiousness, Mr*. Aphr* Iiehn wrote the first Bngliab no* el in Ita prevent form, and ber oooxa are mltdous beyoad description, even a* they are vigorous and paanonate. Personally she was dissolute. She deserted her husband, went as a apy In thearmr, and then, being bright and captivating, formed the acquaintance of the wits and dHsolnte fellow* of the realm, and began that career aa a profligate UttrrxUntr tor wbksb she fceeaaM notorious. She turned off wtth tbe srreateet facility and abandon a great

number of ploya, noreta, poetna, letters, other pan* of Euro.**, tiitchiiny

rERRE HAUTE SATURD

''.-J

T7TK GOOD OLD TIMES.

The Nineteenth Century Compared iUt the Eighteenth—The

Our Fctlhers.

hrribtc 'ire* »j

People talk of these times being baJ of the age as being degenerate. -.*• Do they ever read history *V!

Parity

sketches, Aa, disfigured by an of conception and an indeoepiiy of |*nna» qtttfo bejrond partial, evao iu lat middla'or the. Jicentlon reiiis-

SugS

inoa, DrydWn bestoweduponfter*ritbo higfafBfct and warmest eulogies, but tipy ajBtyio outtfgooua^y|Mc that they could Scarcely be read nrihla age, except In the most abandoned circles Even Pope, who was not a prudo, said of her:

The stage how loe»ely does Astrea Who fairly put« all diameter* to bed. It mav have been to her book that George Ooleman allodas la the prologue to "Polly Honeycomb

Plot and elopement, passion, rape, and rapture The total spin of every dear, dear chnpur.

It Is perhaps a llttlo queer that some of tho most Immortal novels In the language should have been written by women—Mrs. Bohn, Mrs. Manley, and Mrs. Haywood. Mrs. Bebn's novels have recently been republished In England—for what it is impossible to divine for they can no inoro bo "expurgated" than so tnuoh asafcotida. They ought to bo suppressed, without hesitation, under the common law against the dissemination of vile literature.

Then came Richardson.the pious Dean Swift, Fielding and Smollett, all oxcept the first outrageously indecent—as Indecent as the women. The fact is that in almost all the novels of the eighteenth century, which must be taken asa re flection of tbe age, "Love degenerated into a mere animal passion, and every woman is compelled to guard her chastity, if, indeod, she cares to regard It at all, against a man who is always the sworn enemy of her virtue." The language of the characters abounds in oaths and vulgarity, and to swear loudly and drink deeply were tho common attributes of fashionable as well as vulgar life. Tho horolnes takes part in conversations which no modest woman could have heard without a blush.

Is the world "worse than it was," O cynical preaihor?

IIOR TIC UL URA SOCIE't V. Tho regular monthly meeting at tho residenco of Mr. John Weir, six miles south of tho city, on Thursday, was largely attondod, and ono of the most pleasant and enjoyable of the season.

Hon. II. I). Scott presided. Keports were made by various committees. The president's report on meteorology, giving particulars of tho variations of temperature and tho average temperature the past winter and spring months, was a very able and instructive paper.

Mrs. C. W. Barbour road an interesting essay upon the wonders and beauties discovered by ber in tho vegetable and lessor animal kingdom with the microscope, while in her possession. Mrs. Jones mado her annual report on cooking and preparing and preserving horticultural products, and was relieved from further service in that direction. The examination of articles upon the table did not take long, as there were but few flowers and but little fruit on exhibition but the consumption of articles which immediately followed by the society and invited euests, fiom Mrs. Weir's ample and well furnishod table3, took considerable time, and was entire lv satisfactory to all parties

The discussion of tbe question of what can be done to improve tho horticultural condition of Torre Haute and vicinity, was then rostimed. Mr. Joseph Gilbert, Reverends Howe. Abbey and Tansey. Mrs. Thompson, Mrs. Gookins, Mrs. Soule, and tbe members of the society genorally, participated. Much profitable thought was evolved, and many valuable suggestions made during the discussion. Prominent among tho measures advocated were tho beau tifylng of the city by small parks while land is cheap and attainable, and a large pirk beyond tho hills east of the city. Tho rigid enforcement of a law preventing stock from running at largo was advocated as a first and essentially nocessary stop toward improvement both in citv and couutry, enabling proprietors to lower or remove their unsightly high board fences and wooden fortifications around shade trees. Much stress was laid upon Individual effort in planting trees and cultivating gardens and the arrangement of houses and out buildings, with a view not only to comfort, but also to baautv, and the gratification of refined taste. Farmers especially who always have ample room, w-ere nrged to set their houses well back from the road with a lawn In front and Hanked with forest troos, so easily attainable, and such other adornments as their means can command.

The subject was considered of sufficient Importanco to be referred to a coimnittoo, to report ata future meeting.

Tbe next monthly meeting will be at tho residenco of Col. R. W. Thompson, the second Thursday in Juno next.

The society voted to offer several special premiums at the next meeting of tho Vigo Agricultural fair.

Tho society ordered the printing of the following: wj.nonTON rnriTsnr J.o. JONK*.

Mr. PresidentIn my la*t monthly report, I ventured the ivswrtton, that with uorae few exceptions, the prospects for a fruit «*rop were good. A« I write, tills third day of Mav, I look out upon a inagnlllcent prospect for trull the tipple tree* are tnden

nppj

with bloom pe«r* havetlropped their blossoms. ard the fruit is well set cherries, plum*, and quinces, promise nbundnncr everything but llu- peach has ewnptst unhurt through the past variable and changeable winter.

Had there been any very cold weather during tho latter part of winter or early spring, the fruit would have been badly Injured, owing to the extreme inildniw of the temperature during the late fall and early winter. I do not think the fm laid night has done any seilnua damage the frnll prohnbly hn* hwti thinned out a little, but •. -, there I* abundance left.

These ministers of wiekednep* ron*ldcrtng the terrible destruction of about Ludgmte Hill pulling and fruit la*t year the late fre-ate It would Is bifdng people to aomo alo bouso or brandy-shop to be married even on Sunday stopping them as they go to church and almost tearing their clothes from their backs." On mar.y bouses signs (some of them still preserved wera hung out, "Marrying done here," and the clergymen sent out drummers, or, as tbey were called, touter*, through tbe town, as hotel* now send drummers the depot, crying, "Io you want a parson? IV you want a parson Will you be married—cheap?"

digressing and discouraging to ha\e a *lm liar ex*ilene» this »en*oa. Hi far we are safe. (et UK rejoice and be glad.

For the encouragement «f younger cultivators, espectally those wh» like myself ponaef* a limited territory, I will Mate what I am doing on two and a half city lob btIng a piece of ground one hundred and cignty.flve fst«t wioare.

My Dtilldlng*,»hade trees, grass plat, stable yard ana chicken yard, occupy tl»«* greater pr«»porlon o» one lot yet I have at FhU time In Miccewiful cultivation aud most erf them bearing, four cherry tree-*, flftet peach, thlrty-M^ven p^ar, fifteen apple, two Crab, two quince, aud otxtcu plum tm-s. Also forty tour currants, forty English gooseberries, one hundred ami fourteen grapes, fifty blackberries, thirty-six black ana thirty red raspberries, and a bed of strawberries, eight bjr sixty feet also a veg •table garden and a flower garden. 1 have a fair prospect now tor all kinds of fruit except peaches of them I shall bavea few one tree only promising a full crop that tree is a cling, called the snow peach: it bloomed oat white blossom*, and Is well set with fruit Having treated of pears and apples in former papers, I will now make torn# remarks upon the cherry.

The cherry cultivated in modem times came originally from Asia, from whence it was brought Into Italy by a a Botnan general anterior to tbe brisUsn era. and from thence carried to all parts of Kurnpe subject to the Homan power.

The SMXSSOT the cherry were brooght to thl* country very soon after Its settlement, both fnmi England and UoHnml InOermanv and Switzerland nfci-wviAi'y, and In

EVENING MAIL. I

.. loadable tree the fruit frcefo a.i passers by, upon cendiijou of pot lojwlng tlH' live: and Midi repeat is Mid to this naijdsojna cumom thai the poopt vagrant* gather the fruit wlMS gregit.-arm»iMj eeliRMn lmire the tree. A dowft mrthe OhenrylH fee best, althoughTt w|R thrWtt'ort a vayle yOfBolia. The i-miy and othftr varieties of the Morel lo ire tife on ly.ehewlea worth colt Nation lu BTIH latitude. The Hearts and Blgarreans which do so well in uorthern latitudes, uUfctafl@toflFB)uch waod and have too luxurlanF*w®S*owlh, are short lived, and have bet little fruit us.

To one acquatnted with the liner ciualitiea of cherries and plums cultivated in more norther# latitude*, il i» a real deprivation live.without" tbepi "but th*n this Is a world of comptoipatfons, add In their stead we have sweet potatoes, and watermelons, and many other go»d things which the Yankees seldom get a taste of. And then, their interminable winters—lasting $ften from November to ay, with snew for mouth* ns high as their fences, and sometimes the tops of their houses just peeping out of the drifts, are things happily we know hut little about.

Winter comes with ns to gradually, and behaves generally BO mllcly, and departs M» peacefully, we are scarcely conscious oi DIS presence. Upon the whole we have reason to congratulate ourselves that we live in the centre and heart of the abah valley finer region both for agriculture and horticulture, the sun docs

net

shine upon our

pndtits, all of moderate si*-, arc most beaiitilrtl, and surrounded by tlHilH-rlhe most valuable our soil Is underlaid with coal, furnishing cheap fuel, and Illimitable power for machinery out fui nac«t»aud roll fug mills light up the heavens by tilgbt, with pillars ef fire: anil bv day, with clouds of smoke. Our railroads form a net wrK of Iron radiating from our cent nil city ol Terre Haute towards all partsof the compass our river furnishes steam navigation and a bouudl' NS supply of water, and Its tributaries, water tie udjacent countiy throush which it. paM«es »ur growing city with Its varied Industries, Its schoolsund ttschurch. es, and its twenty-live thousand people of various nationalities all living peacefully and harmoniously together, and countless other blessing*. Hlioulu nittkous thankful to the (ilver of all good that our lives are cast In pleasant places, and that wo enjoy all ilia is necessary to enlightened happiness.

WE A Til WIDO IFS OF OO Tit A M.

Women With Many Thousand* at Their .. Command,

[New York Correspondence of the HufTalo ('ora in ere I a I Ad ver 11 ser.

A donation of 95,000 a few days ago by a well known and very wealthy widow of this city to a certain charitable institution recalls to mind the ntimber of widows controlling their millions who reside in New York. 1o begin with, there is Mrs. Paran Stevens, widow of tho noted hotel-keeper and original owner of tho Fifth Avenue Hotel. Mrs. Stevens was a Mi*s lleod, of Boston. She is a very ambitious and persevering lady, and has been more or less prominent in fashionable society here and abroad for many years. She has a house at Newport, a large amount ol real estate ui Now York and Massachusetts, and a house in Paris. Tho Stevens apartment house on Fifth avenue, valued at $700,000, is among her metro poll tan possessions, likewise tho fine house in which she lives, 2i4 Fifth avenue. The story of her stolen jewels is a familiar one. Her sister, Miss Reed, is now in Europe completing her musical education, and her daughter will be married in the spring to an English nobleman.

N'ext is Mrs. Georga (iriswold ray, who was Miss Irvin, daughter of Rich ard Irvin, a merchant of high standing. George Griswold Gray was a bachelor of five-and-thirty when* he married Miss Irvin. He bad been a shining light in society and at the clubs for along period, and few thought him a marrying man. Hf originated tho Four-in Hand Club, and was president of it at the time of his death. Ho was a great traveller, and in China, manv years ago, was shot by the natives white defendinc the British consulate with a handful of English ami American gentlemen. He had a beautiful country scat at Newport, a town-house on Washington square, a yacht, horses, carriages, dogs, and servants in abundance. Mr. Gray died a little over a year ago, leaving his widow thousands upon thousands.

Mrs. Horace F. Clarke comes next. She is a daughter of Commodore Vanderbilt, and married Mr. Carke before ho becamo such a nabob and railway king as he was at the time of bis death. When Mr. Clarke's estate was settled np it was found that he was by no means as rich as was conjectured. Mrs. Clarke soon afterwards went to lat rope, where she now resides. Her daughter—who was once a IxVlle in sociecy—married a Mr. Clarence Collins.

Mrs. Loring Andrews, whose late husband left an estate valued at $o,000,000, is also in Europe. Tho lady owns a house at Newport and several blocks of houses here.

Mrs. Lapont, whose husband fell from the fourth story window of his hotiso on Fifth avenue and was instantly killed— the family being at West Point—left a very large amoimt of money, and Ills widow and daughter live in Paris.

Mrs. Thomas Hicks (nee Pickersgil!) oscillates between this country and Kurope, and has secured for herself the reputation of being tbe most liberal and extravagant hostess ofthe period. Her New York residence is at No. 10 West Fourteenth street, a mansion of the old stylo, which was recently the scone of a series of very elegant entertainments. Mrs. Hicks is a lady of remarkable beauty, very talented, and possessed of infinite tact and sound social judgment. Rho has a penchant for literary people, and lately patronized Joaquin Miller, to his intense satisfaction and the 111-con-cealed amazement of her aristocratic friends. As tho saying Is, "she has no end of money." She thinks nothing of spending from |I,5i.) to on a singlo entertainment, nnd delights in unique and odd features at her parties. In Europe, a rear ago, she had rooms at a certain hotel which a certain queen, then traveling incoa., desired for herself and suite. The landlord stated the case to Mrs. Hicks, and begged her to vacate, offering her a suit of rooms on the same floor free of charge. Mrs. Hicks declined to vacate unless the royal lady took possession of tho desired* rooms at her Invite lion and expense. This the rwvsl lady refused to do, and Mrs. Hicks* kept her rooms. She has been many times reported tbe fftrtce of

PR EM A TURK.

WHY OR EAT PRICES ARE ?AID rOM t'ICTVIlES. I 0|fresiondeap AppIeton'lNJournal.) pii while a&ntringe flne picture, whilaiNHntelliti at the prioemid tor areapt to

firicos.

lose eight of tbe

)f£he production to tho attist. They marvel at tbe ftiO.OOO paid te Melsaonier. for his "Battle of Friedland," and tbey lose sight of the ten years of toil, tbe monev paid for costumes, for the hire of model*, the time spent In historical researches, etc. Then tbe ordinary exponas* of an $rtist are by no means trilling. The antique carved furniture, Venetian glats, ancient tapestry, and old costumes used in painting certain historical pictures, are extremely valuable. Tho accessories of the studios of Vibert or Castlglione, for Instance, are worth no lau than $5,000 each, at a modorate computation, and at European

Even the colors arp, in certain

nstances, very costly. Then comes tbe question of framing. The frame of a moderate-sized picture may cost anywhere from $10 to (200. Uustave Dore is said to have paid for a frame for one of his colossal compositions. And, moreover, in these days of keen competition, a painter, especially if devoted to landscape, can uot bit quietly down and evolve things out of the depths of his moral consciousness. He must travel, bo must study Nature in all the varied aspects thut be wishes to represent, and these journeys cost money. As lor sculptors, they are still worse oit as regards expense. To embody their ideal in marble costs no less than f1,200 for each statue, tbe carvers that copy the clay model in marble, and turn over the statue to the 'sculptor all ready to receive the finishing touches, being paid some $500 for every one that they undertake. The block of marble for a litesized statue costs about $250, nor can the artist ever tell how bis stone is going to turn out. It may be of the finest quality aud as white as the driven snow outside yet may contain cortain bidden flaws and stains that will be only too apparent on the surface of his statue. Years ago I heard of a young sculptor in Rome'who bad expended ail his tin e, bis talent, and his means, in the production of a nude female figure, on which he founded ail his hopes of success and of future fame. It came from tho hands of the carvor fair as his fancy had pictured it, but with a broad, black vein extending from the parting of the hair to tho tip of the nose. The young man cast one look at tho sfigurcd Jace that represented tho ruiu of his hopes, turned away, retired to an inner chamber, and there committed suicide.

COACH I NO AS A FINE ART.

What Maybe Witnessed Among the Sierra Nevadas—Thrilling Description of a Atx-in Hand.

There is a portion of our countrj*, unknown to our club-house youth, where a coach team can be seen in its natural splendor, and where nall-ooacb driv ingisahigh art the Eoglisti never attained to. In tho Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevadas, and the Coast Range, the turnpikes aro narrow shelves, overhanging rivers and torrents, and creased into the sides of tbe mountains which they cross, on grades that incessantly wind and twist, and that are frequ?ntly and steeply broken by ravines and depressions.. The characteristics of these mountain roads are precipice on one side, a width of track, with occasional turnouts, sufficient only for ono wagon, sharp curves, and long down and up grades. The stage coach schedule time on them is from ten to twelve miles an hour. The coaches are drawn by six horses. The drivers' routes average fifty-five miies. Tho stock is tho best that can be bought—strong, quick, and spirited. The co.ich is loaded with from twelve to fifteen passengers with their baggage, and a very heavy United States'mail. Tho weight is so great, and the down grades are so steep and long* that powerful breaks aro indispensably necessary. Tbe wheel horses were never foaled that could stop nnd hold ono of these loaded coaches when fairly in motion downward. Tho entire foam must be kept out of tho way of the coach, and generally on the gallop.

Only twelve or fourteen inches of space separates tho wheels from a sheer precipice, or a forty-dogreo descent of hundreds of feet. The Upper Sacramento River is a thin whito ribbon as seen from tho top of tho coach on its mountain shelf. A shy of the team from a blanketed Indian, or swerve of the carriage for a single foot, might shaot it to utter destruction, fifteen hundred feet downward. The coach that slid around the ico-covered point on the shelf overhanging the Umpqua in Oregon, fell a thousand fact. Its fragments, when reached, were shockingly bloody. On the Yreka road is shown to the traveler through the timber, a huge falleu pine which is historic*!. The lever of the brake broke short off on a steep down pitch. Thoie was a sharp curve ahead on the mountain side. The driver flung his lash into tho flanks of his leaders and middle pair, put tho whole tonm on the run, cboso ids place of refuge, and with great courage and skill hanleu tho six flving fiorses out of the road, into tho forest, down, down through small trees and bushes, square on to the i7.uit.ll barrier ofthe great pitie. Three of the team wero instantly killed but he saved his passengers from death outright and his coach from wreck.

Thus we see that coaching in the great American mountain chains Is an art requiring skill, courage and Judgment. The drivers of the*e slx-horso U-ams drink neither wlno nor whisky. They are quietly imperious, invariably reserved, lofty In manner, generally silent and absorbed. None of their horses are banged. All have tbelr natural tails for natural use. It Is a sight worth going across tbe Continent to see, the perfeet control of the six spirited animals on tbe gallop or on the run around a curve with a precipice and death close to the left and tho mountain wall on the right. They are guided, all of thom. There la no mechanical following of leaders. The coachman has his strong, on the bits of every

General Robert V. Schonck, ex-United} akilled states Minister to Kngland, who is her horse, and the silk of his l.ish is ln frecousin, but friends of tho lady d« ny "j"11\ that there Is any truth In tbe report, he drives on a time- able, and It Is a Mr*. Hicks left New York for London matterof honor, as well aa of contract, three week* ag», and in April will be g«t ^nljon on the mi"""'presented at theVourt of Kt. James. There are places innumerable on tbe

Mis. Astor, Mr*. Warren, Mrs. Aspln- roads where th* margin of safely is wall, Mrs. Addison Jerome .formerly of! narrow, and where the depths are so Huflulo Mrs. Chaae, Mm. JJIodgett, Mrs. lbooks, widow of the late James Ilrooka, and Mrs. Benedict are among tbe other wealthy widowaof New lork, all of whom oould start a national bank with large capital on their own account if ao disposed. Mrs. Keep, onoe the richest lady In New York, la now the wife of Judge Schaley, of Savannah, Ga.

profound, and tho speed so fast, that the passenger involuntarily grips bis scat, and hears his heart beat. Use brings confidence but principally a look at calm, Arm, vigilant fsco of tho artist on the box, who nolds the *ix Hnea in his left band, and moves upon the gathered leather in ready reserve the thumb and fore-finger of nia whip hand, glvea assurance of safety to .what ovepr inexperienced man for awhile feels is a flying Jonrney of death.

A lady was yesterday examining some infanta apparel In a dry goods store on Main street, and evidently at a loaa to make tbe proper selection, when the clerk thought to assist her by inquiring: ... la rour babr a boy or a girl The coach, or tbe proceaaioning with banged lady flushed hotly, but replied with four-in-hand teams through our own Ingenious frankmw: "I don't know level, wide avenues, it but pony-phieto* yet." Nbe was suffered to make her drifing by a woman in a quiet ptrk. selection without further interruption. VVo«tebcstcr Oounty is not wholly

He who has not seen driving on the great Oregon roada north baa not aeon maching aa a high art. Compared with It, the tooling of the Dorking of Brighton

vorable to a display! coaching talent biifiM roada in reaeh frtNai tl where six h«jfte* jean be wants to &toa$ve and win gloiy, M^s tbe developmentW CoaTOiug manly pleasure, will turn from imitation or English noblemen and transplant from the Pacific slope tbe truly American style of handling a passenger and mail coach, flying behln&six-Fn-hand.

Golden Words.

Faithfulnesii sbd sineerlty jares tho highest thing*.—[Conf{ic^us» The wise neither grieve for the dead nor for the living.— [Krccsna.

All men love libortv and eeew bent on destroying her.—£ Voltaire.,Whoever teams'to stand aloM, must learn U» fall alono.Auerbach.

Every itiordinato cup is unblessed, and the ingredient Is a devil.—[SJbakspere.

A great mistake to hold oneself too high and rate .oneself too-ebeap.— [Goethe.

He that findeth his life shall lose it, and lie that lowth his life for My sake shall find it—[Bible.

Some church members glorlty God by eating bananas aud giving tbe skins to the poor.—[Brick l'omeroy.

Love of truth shows itself in discovering aud appreciating what is good wherever it may exist.—[Goethe.

I^t him who would have me ^or'a listener speak positively of the problematic I have enough within myself.— [Goethe.

The shadows of our own desires stand between us and our better angola, and thus their brightness is eclipsed.—[Dickens.

When a hornet stings it is at the expense of his life. What a pity all scandal mongers wero not horaets.—[Brick Poineroy.

We often live under a clottd, and it js well for us that we should do so. Uninterrupted sunshiue would parch our hearts. We want sbado and rain to cool and refresh tbeui.

With faith in our immortality, it is singular that wo do not look upon our sojourn on earth as an incidont, rather than give it tbe proportion *»f an epoch, in the history of our souls.

If it is winter in our souls, it is because wo have turned away from God and His love. If it is night it is not because God has gono away from us, but because we have gono away from Him.

Tho noblest spirits are those which turn to heaven, not in tho hour of sorrow, but in that of joy liko the lark, they wait for the clouds to disperse, that tbey may soar up into their native elements.—[Rlchter.

The faith that does not throw a warmth as of summer around tho i-ympatbies and charities of tho heart, und drop invigorations liko showers upon the conscience and the will, is as i.»lso as it unsatisfying.—[Paul Potter.

Let the council of thine own heart stand for there is no man more faithful unto thee than it. l'or a man's mind in sometimes wont to tell him more than seven watchmen that sit abovo in a high tower.—[ Ecclesiasticus.

Ikmt Pedro is said to have written tho following clever lines in a young lady's album: fijt v, O Conductor quando die ba a furu, I*. l'ungidoem pre.senc fiust-a^cim O blao valgciu .bandclr.-i P"' olteonta lara, O pinko valgum bandeira pnr.n lscenafara, O oruno valgetn Uandeira portrcsccnlataru

Pungldo, pungido soino cara Pungldocni prtsenca passagelm.

WHO shtnhdsder streets nnd gorneis Around Mil Hefrel agzes to be ground. Und shinHed und tiowed, mid nefer frowned '•••, I), gandlda?.\ Who hold your hand veil you wmld shtait, t'nd told you you mighty din.art, l.'nd how he luv»d you mil his hart?

that

I( candidate. [Hartford Tlmr*.

PATAERH!

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4

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Tenders his profes­

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