South Bend News-Times, Volume 37, Number 207, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 25 July 1920 — Page 5

CHE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

SUNDAY, JTI.Y Zo. l!ir.

Ml Kinds of Reform While You Wait

By H. O. Bishop

lVr I', j cars Ir. Wilhur F. Cr. if: Ins 'n f.-irryir.:? on a rtrrifiy Mttl- for reforms. 11c h nr.,i,i'''d iu hi.ins r.ure x.yr ;i::r-H i-rif :y contTi '- th. in ;tii f'thi r on rr.iri. He the Lck (f funds rtver bthrs I; im. Ho vt-.rts his cam!.iit::i t.r-t ;ir i !'io.-;s for money lit. r. In his r7 ir. u n th- or." Kr''it rvil in thin ciuiifry t"'!.iy 1m liins. !t '.'.a mort r,in:: U.m intm-I-rar;ct, lrünTalttj er any other

The oMe mct effective an 1 m--!. j)t r-:st. r.t reformer in th? T.'n;t-1 St.iUs is the Kv. Jjr. Wilbur r. Crafts. Twontv.fivf vt.irs Ir. Crafts organized th; InterI'dllonl JUform bureau at Wiu-h-injrtr n, P. C. lncc that time he ha- ! n Liking In all t-rts of refermii.K Ix.th i T 1 1 n :inI tancv 'nul inr -ri.tIy har.imciir: away year aitir year until hn f-jjsit vm r-cam Mary or Ui. -ruste.i aril rnnr'-ss car e acrov-i Tlth the le.sir-d laws. This man sr-r ms to r upon th' th.oty that ho tan iif rumi-lish any rifcrm proilel the battle Is couthr.iel lop; enough. Ar:mnj the many member of the hoard rf directors and trusters of th ii'lurm bureau, cinpoi-d of eminent mini.-ters and laymen from all f-ctlor.:; cf the countrj', may al o to found th following wellknown memoirs of mngrti; Sn:i. Arthur Capper, Kansas; J. Crepp Wickliffe lurkhan-, Ke ntucky; '-s-iy L.. Jon v. AVawhimjton; Hnry I Myers, Montana; Mile.s poirulexter, Washington; Morris S'luppurd, T.'is; Lawifnrc i. Sherman, Huron, and Thomas St rlinK, South 1'akota. Representatives William 1 "avid Ups ha '.v, Georgia; Thomas 1, I-lanton. Texas; Alben !. Uarkley, Kentucky; Ira CJ. Ilirsy, Maine; 'hirüs II. Randall, California; Thilus V. .Sims, Tennessee and Addison T. Smith, Idaho. Ir. Crafts Is !, but doesn't look it by L'O years, and eUdtntly doesn't f-el it by 40 yearr. He haa recently mapped out a national and international program of reformation that a husky yoxins chap of 21 would bok upon as a lifetime Job. His headfjuarte rs are located in the historic building on Pennsylvania a v., which w.ls occupied by the .supremo court of the United States after the burning of the eap!tol by tho British in Thi building' is only a matter of three minutes' walk 'from the national eapitol. niacins It quite co:veniei. t for the doctor to present his dally il sires to the senators and representatle Nhich lie never fails to do. Dr. Crafts w.ls born In Ma.'ne, but went to Jlo.xton and Connecticut to tc f-lu-eated tn the ministry. In tho arly d.iys of Ills preaching ho teamed with such illustrous parsons as Henry Ward Ucee her and T. DeWitt Talnv.dso in New York and Brooklyn. Dr. Crafts has found the field of reforming oxceetllnsly fertile. In fact it has been so very fertile lit the past years, and looks to very premising in the years to come, that he has planned to erect an 11-story h'vu'.quartf rs for hi? organic Hon costing 1500,000. Work will b-i commenced as soon as the present l;U-'.i prices of labor and building mat rials take a flump. With the constant broadening1 of his lUld of reforming. Dr. Crafts finds th.it more and more money is needed to carry on the work of the tuireau. Last year the expenses were 512,000: this year they will be ?". 000, while next year's budget .vill piovide for tho expenditure of Jioo, uoo. This money is contributed from war to jear by approximately 13,T00 different individuals belonging

'o all sorts of religious denominators in every state in the union, l'ht donation" range in t-i.ze from 51 :o 53.000. More than half of tho rontributlons are in sums of less .h ut tivc dollars. Ulnds IlnaiKing ICoforins Uay. Dr. Crafts' method of raising oprrattng expenses id Just the. reverse Trora the average reform oranizaiioti or public institution. He refor. is fir-t and coIUxts afterward. I t-'o upon the theory," taid Dr. Jral!-. "that tho particular reformation I haw fit hand, is Just and -ichteous, and that, the !rd will be vith rr.e, ;;ml therefore proceed v.-ith tl;v cainpaign even though I haven't - dollar in the wcrld with which to finance it. After the i t form is ac.Tuppf bed I merely call the dtten;ioi: of friends of the caue to what vve hwe accomplished, and they th'et fully meet the cxptr. s tint have been Incurred. We could never accomplish anything if wo waited to raise the mone iirst. "N'ery frequently it bir.icü n.c-i-s.iry lor me t t:?e a good portion :d my yearly salary cf j 2. "-00 in the ,rk, but I gladly do ?o. bx-aus -ii'.y wife and I have learned to live in a modest way. "Just to show you how it pays to Ixl.v nr.arclal risks in this great reform work, let me tell of my experience on the Mexican border. I war anxious to sciiv! Cd. I,. Mervin II u;, formerly surgeon general of the rhillpplr.es, but now our Americanization fcretr.ry. on a trip r.m( tic the Mexicans from BrownsMile. Tex., to I. Angeles. Calif. Th. rol r.el willing to undertake this work at the ra!e of S:jO 3 a year rtnd all expenses. I told hbv. to go to it at a time whrn I hadn't the remotest idea where tru- money was iMiii:ig frem. A little later i told i wealthy friend wh.it we wre doi"g down there and h.e rave me a check for J1.:C0 which raid all the expense's of that trip. "We ha similar experiences in v;r work of making surveys and gathering -vi.!ence in eitlem nil C'Vt-r the country th.it are infe:d with brrthe'.s. divs and 1 oot'esc -rs. V. e Uif. do the r.e iry wrrk and th.n ir-.T'uential citizen? pay our xper.s.s u,r jr.any years we haxe kept a mnn In China ivnclrp a war en thj opium ctir-c, nr.d olhrr frier.. Is hr.v c'.ii'.'y providctl the re.-ulsit funda

ir.fr5t th meviag picture- shows an; worse than saloons." All of the nationally shown vaar.ps, from Thda on down th llr. to the b'ib.- variety, may hae to ,vimo'? from their studio h-iunts ,:nd taKe Uf. müder oeations if Dr. Craft sncc"f ds in prevailing upon eongres to paj-s his famou.-i bill juoviding for a fed, ral board of film censors. a We rld Is Ixiy. "Lalnr.is of labor" js anoth -r it( :n that l)v. Crafts thinks n el touching up by natJor.il leader... Here it re- some of his w arm comments on that much diseased subJeet: "The rhirf trouble veith the world today is lazines. It 1m (loin more harm than lntem pe i ance, i:n:ivrality or any oth'T lco. C.nurchcsi have spokn for the 'minimum wage and 'collective bargaining ' There i.s ned now for apphcat.on of the- ten e onmvandn.e-nts to t.'ie labor problem; for example, 'mx clays shalt thou labor,' as God's repl to the childish profio.al to reduce work, when the worlds ne ! more lrovluction, to six hours a day of hve days. Ku'ht hours in the limit ef reasonable reduction, leaving twothirds e-f six days per w k and one full day besides for leisure. Ami that ei'-'ht hours' service for Goel and man should be remit red wita Joy. It Would brand ns as one of the 'child races' to take three-fourths of ach day for rest ami play. That is Hearing the tramp's il-al. "Formerly the thoughtless public feemed to think that increased w-Lges cane out of capital, but at last, when lucre-. ised wa,'s for railroad men were openly paid from Increased freight charges that put up t.i juice ef everything that everybody bujs. the idea got into ihe public mind that increased wares ate added to the cost of production and passed on te the ultimate consumer. It is, therefore, the concern of us all that no one shoulel get more than his fair share of wages- at our exI ersc." Combats Wine ami Itor Plans. The proposition of Gov. IMward I. IM wards of New Jersey, and other prominent citizens throughout the countiy to solt-pedal the isth amendment In such manner vs to relieve the terrific saharaisbneys jf the country to the extent of permitting the oceaslor.al ejuaffing vt light wines and beer, has caused Reformer Crafts and his watchful ;issociatcs to take t-p another neieh lti their reform belts. These gentlemen are just as bitterly opposed to wine and beer as they are to whisky. They say alcohol is alcohol, no matter where it lurks. At the present moment. Dr. Crafts Is organizing a nation-wide crusade of education to combat the idea of light wines and beer. In order to overcome the demand for such drinks, he proposes to arouse the rfform and prohibition element of the country to such an extent, that reform teams composed of preachers, lawyers, women speakers and musicians can ho employed to visit every nook and corner of every county of every state in tho union, making speeches in the towns and scattering literature at farm houses and rural post boxes. The chief object of such a campaign, of courüe, is to preent the election of ::ny one tt cungre-; w bo might be in favor of mollifying the strict Volstead law. The fedlowing are some of the most important measures Dr. Crafts has been instrumental in getting through congress:

Gi'.lett act, to break up '.iivorce col' nie s" in territories; Wellington amendment, to limit divorce to on; "uise in the District of Columbia. I'rodrrirk act, to increase penalty for statutory offense in the District of Columbia; Hepburn act. tc prevent importation and exportation of obicerr. matter; ,mith-Lodge amendment, to prohibit opium traffic in the Philippines; Telle r amendment, to close Sundays by "contract" at t. Lo.jU oxro,,ition; a Mi'-Ilir amendment covering the .Jamestown exrs.i.ion; Johnson anti-canteen amendment; Ttowerscl; amendment, to suppress liquor e-Kmg in immitrran-1. statior.s; Gallinsei amendment, to forbid liquor selling In old -soldiers' homes; Humphrey act, to facilitate use of federal liiuor tux receipts as evid nee; '".lib tt act. to forbid sab s of 'iquor, oj li'ir. and firearms by America: traders in Pae ific Is:lands having no civilized gxnerr.rre-nt; Jodqe senate re-yoiution, favoring international triaty to forbid selling liquor or opium to uncivilized races; Sims amendment, forbidding race track gambling in the District of Columbia; Rodenbi-rry-Simmons act, forbidding interstate shipment of prize tight films; Kenyon recllisht injunction law; le-rto Rico prohibitlcn refererdum law amendment to Jor.es bill; war-time prohibition. The Plans lr the Future. Here Is the reform program for the next few- yr-irs. I'nforcement of national prohibition, Inclueiing totrl abstinence campaigns.

Uxtension of prohibition, by

congres.s, to American e abroad, except whero treaty visions preent. Uxtension of prohibition countries by reenforcement of

ing ai-.eneies with lectures eraturc. Federal motion picture ship. Interstate anti-pa rr.bl ing

Constitutional amendment prohibiting seetarian appropriations. Uniform marriage, divorce and anti-polygamy amendment. Dills to provide one. day's rest in seven for District of Columbia and teiritories and for government employes and persons engaged in interstate, commerce. Child labor laws.

Retter state laws, sion to all states of

injunction law. Restoration and

Bible reading in school and homes; also pcsting of commantlmorits in schools, courts and on churches:. e-mi-wckly posters for churches. Banishment of cigaret advertisements from periodicals by proteats tf patrons. To assist in the enforcement of reform legislation by inspection, and by campaigns in schools, churches and especially among immigrants to inculcate higher respect for lay. A building, constructed and supported by endowments that can bo made the permanent headquarters for an international reform movement. Institution of a training schoc! for moral reformers and preparation of standardized reform literature Promotion of treaties for worldwide pre hibition of opium nr.d alcohol, have as guarded mcdlcir.es. Awakening of put lie sentiment against Uoodim: China with Ameilcan eigarets anci beer. Cooperation with local forces in Latin America to repeat Porto Rico's prohibition victory.

act of .ttz.ena proto all

exist-

ani

especially extenIuwa. "red ilght" improvement of

Drunkenness and Crime Slump During Year of Prohibition

IIY JACOB II. TAYLOR. A general survey h;us been made of the effects of Prohibition covering the first year of the dry regime ending July 1. This survey cited instances of closed county Jails and abandoned city prisons and decrease in crime as recorded by police courts of various formerly wet cities, all of which indicated that the closing of the taloons had had a marked ettect In improving moral conditions throughout the United States. Its effect upon the industrial world was indicated by the indorsement given the polity by laber organizations and l!ie record of lnci eased l ank deposits. At the time thin survey was pn pared official figure-s covering the entire dry j ear were not available for any city or state. Such figures are n )w being made public and they substantiate the claim which wa based on the reports coming fnm the various wet cities and suites throughout the j ear, that the dry policy has had a marked effect in the reduction of cr:me. One of the fir?t states to report is the state of Massachusetts-. The official statistics $n by the Deputy Commissioner on Irobation for that state, Herbert C. Parsons, show that during the first f.ve months of this year whkh were the firvt five me nth under the operation of the eighteenth aimnüment. only 10,52 4 persons were arrested tor drunkenness as against Ö7.1V. lor the same period in 1?13. Mr. Parsons' statistics are statewide and hi. office .s the only one In the state where Midi figures arc obtainable. In commenting upon the reduction in arrests Mr. Parsons tays.; 70 Per Cent Rexluction. "It is no slight relief of the correctional ir.ichintry yhen the most

tion of enness.

city courts it come about in Because there statistics as to

offenses other than drunkii not so obvious. In the

seems not te have any marked degree, is no gathering of the business of the

courts accurate figures are lacking. The number of cases placed on probation however, is convincing. Practically IT per cent of the cases of any kind are placed on probation and the fact that all cases of probation in the state in the lat four months totaled as compared with 7,M2 in the corresponding mortru of 10 IT may be taken as rhrwing that the total criminal business has fallen by at least onethird." St. Iuls Reports for Yenr. Official figures for the city of St. Louis are also r.ow available. These are especially significant in view of th fact that St. Louis in license days boarted the largest brewery in the world. The report of the police el. partment shows that arrests for elrunkcnness have decreased 7 per cent under the dry' regime. Here is the record: The total number of arrests from July 1. IMS, to July 1. im, is 4,1'74; men 4.116, women ir,S. The total arrests from July 1, 1911, to July 1, 10:0. covering the entire dry year under war-time Prohibition, show a total arrests for drunkenness of 94 7; men 0-3. women 22. The decrease for the last sixmonths is even more striking. There were 7::3 arrests from July l to December 31, 1311', as compared with :14 arrests from January 1 to July 1. 1920.

numerous class it has had to

The Rir.Khals snake, a natle of South Africa, can throw a spray of poison a distance of fifteen feet.

for that

work. i no Mme ;.r.ar.c.ai ...... v . . . t . I

experience 1 true c; .e. .eaia.-.u. Knc'ind and Scotland. where we have bad men pushing prohibition. " T r. Ciafts i.s conir ovd that more p.t-p!e enn be reached by street corner rpeeeb.es th.n by goin Into a church. His pull it is usually an automobl'e. and he gets an audience ewlckiy through the aid of an asv. '.'.. nt w-ho pavs a cornet and sincv Spacelv clad, dirk -orbed, shape Iv-vgured and. ultra-:' :Tect:or.ate la-

di. from country hamlets to towns as "movie vamps" are

aversions of

the the

th-

pr'-sont time

iking of

iri-

and

thf ir " ib r.t, vclupr.inu.s

ooh doinr.-'." he vehemently declared; "Thte vambir- womn who

with is reduced by 7 p.r cent. To he sure, the courts do not realize a rorrespeinding relaxation because tr.t great bulk of drunkenness cases had come to be dealt with through the releasing of those who were not

persistent ot fenders Not mere than: one-third of the case? of arrests for! irunkenr.es reached the court1 under the old order and this pro- j portion !er,iir.s much X fame.; Inueed. since prohibition went into effect there has been a steady and marked increase in the number cf drun ienn -.s arrests from the lew point that Immediately followed uhrn the amendment leeanv effective. Apparently sources of fupp'.y are b-;r.g developed in spite cf Prohibition. Arr-jy f Pnitik IIncrxl. j 'The t.ict remain that the army ef drunks has been great'y rtvluced a- coinpared with past pare This is particularly true in the su aller ccmn. unities. Many of the rural cv.irts harIly knew any other offenders than the inbri.ites r.ml thexe ceurt- ( .are pa.-sing man tlays and even . weiks with no culprits to ileal with. All Crime Rodii'.xil One-T!ilrI. Th si;caii ellccL thu tJii4-

Glasses Properly Fitted

DR. J. BURKE, (Vt

230 S. 3IIC1IIGAX ST. IJroken Ix-nscs Inpllctrd.

Kills Bears With Arrows

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Dr. .stxon Temple Pope, who recently killed two grizzly boars with bow and arrows in Yellowstone Par k. He Is an expert in archery and at present is hunting animals undor permit from the United .states govrnment to provide a ''habitat grou p" for the California Academy of Science, at San Francisco.

What Merchant Marine Act Means to American People

Here Is one cjuestion on which all Americans are a unit. There may be differences of opinion as to how the matter should be worked out. but all are agreed that our merchant marine should be at least sufficient to provide for the over-seas transportation of our exports and imports in American-built and American-owned vessels. In 1914. just prior to the World war, the percentage of freight and passenger vessels carrying the American flag reached the lowest point In our history. 90 Per cent of our forcipn commerce being carried by vessels of other countries 50 per cent by British vessels. The situation was vastly different from that prior to the beginning of the Civil war, when from 50 to CO per cent of cur foreign commerce was carried by American vessels. During the comparatively brief period of our participation in the World war. because of the urgent demand for ships with which to transport our troops, munitions and other supplies to Europe, shipbuilding in this country was greatly stimulated, more than $3.000.000,000 being expended by our government for the purpose. As a result, the United States government now owns nearly 2,000 merchant vessels having a carrying capacity which, together with our coastwise shipping, aggregates approximately IS. 000, 000 tons, or about the same as that of Great Britain. Ainoricsi's Golden Opportunity. Thus America finds herself, at the present moment, in a position that. If properly taken advantage of, should forever free her from the necessity of using the ships of other countries to do her foreign marketing, and make available at all times on ample supply of ships of her own people for use in the event of another unfortunate emergency calling for the use of our military forces in foreign lands. Sen. Wesley L. Jons, of Washington, chairman of the senate commerce committee, who has been a most earnest and presistent advocate of the Merchant Marine act. makes these statements regarding it: "The merchant marine act is. in my opinion, one of the most important laws ever passed by congress. The American people should know more about it. It is remarkable that a measure of this kind, which so vitally affects the welfare of the whole country, should be given so little publicity. The peoples of other nations have long been awake to the importance of the world's ocean - carrying business. They realize, as the American people do not. the very large extent to which the economic stability and prosperity of a great nation depend upon the possession of unhampered facilities for foreign trade. "The ownership at this time by tho American government of about

2.000 merchant vessels, with ample facilities for dockage, repairs, and so on. as well as for the speedy construction of additional vessels, presents an unexampled opportunity for the establishment and maintenance of a powerful merchant marine and the permanent centred of American commerce by Americans.

Keep Control of Ships. 'The purpose of this new law-

not merely to sell, to the best possible financial advantage, the hundreds of ships constructed by us to meet the war emergency, but to see to it that such ships are sold to and remain the property of Americans who will operate them to the best interests of the American people.

"There is no disposition to claim that the new law is perfect, but it is an American act throughout and the framers have had constantly in view tho development, on a sound and permanent basis, of a merchant marine which will ultimately make this country as free commercially throughout the whole world as it is now pcdltica'ly here at home. "The operation of all laws necessarily depends to a large extent l pon the elhciency of tbe human rgencies by which they are administered. This is particularly true of th merchant marine act because of the extensive powers and the large measure of discretion which It has been found necessary to vest in the shipping board. The law has. however, been so draw n as to point out clearly its general purpose ns well as the specihe methods by which that purpose- is to be attained, and the provisions relating to the qualifications and methods of selection of the members of the board are such as seem to be calculated to insure, as far as it is possible to do so by legislation, the appointment of competent officials for this important work. Nereis Public Supiort. "In enacting this law congress has a long and important step toward the accomplishment of the much-desired end freedom of the seas for American commerce through the establishment of a great American merchant marine and congress etands ready to enact promptly at any time such supplementary legislation ?s experience may prove to be nccessury. "Something more than an act of congress is needed to insure the complete success of the act. The project mdst have the active and unswerving support of the American people, American business and American dollars. "Congress by wise legislation can make possible the opening of new trade routes with American ships, and the executive branch of the government can see to it that the legislation is honestly and efficiently administered, but whether cr not such new avenues of trade are permanently maintained depends ultimately upon the American people themselves. If cur people support this great enterprise as merchants and manufacturers, and as investors in our new marine securities, the project will undoubtedly prove a great and lasting success, and an Important means of preserving international peace and the security and stability of our country and its institutions; but if the support of our people is withheld, or given only in limited measure, sooner or la'.er the great fleet oi merchant vessels nowowned by the United States 13 likely to pass to other nations whose people realize the advantages of commercial control of the high seas."

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