South Bend News-Times, Volume 37, Number 46, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 15 February 1920 — Page 17
SECOND SECTION SOUTH BlEI III . .
FEATURE, SOCIETY, WOMAN'S, THEATRICAL, AUTOMOBILE and EDITORIAL SECTION VOL. XXXVII, NO. 46. PAY AND NIOFTT FULL LFASnn WIRB TELIXJKAPHIC FEHVICE SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1920. a Nrcwsiurrn for the home WITH ALL Tim LOCAL NETWS PRICE SIX CENTS.
News-Times
HISTORY AS HEALER TO ELIMINATE HATE
amous Briton Says Correct Teaching Will Be Foundation of . World League. ,;v HL AX. . r -Uli , If the wertd adopts the moit perfect document posalblt. It won't be worth more than so much parchment nr.tn the peoples of the world feel thmelvea a lea? of nation. They donl at yet. And If thing are no different In the tutor our League of Natlon will cr.Ty the old readjustment with a new rajna and wmMquerce aa of old. We ha-ve suffered fron the teaching of tad history, and from a neglect of hUtcrr a aomethlnff ovr and done with -of little or fr? raJne. We're had English history; or German history; the hlsrtory of thh nation or that Cut and dried flower. lndlrnone to this country or another, with H9 roots or meaning. Hardly ever human history. The result has been an accentuation, a tradition of pArateiv. hospitality, hate. That's how you t warm. We're rot to b educated otit of that before we civa rly become a league of rations. Just a It Is the function cf the teacher to emancipate th IndhriduaJ out of p reo coup at lor. with his own little self, eo It la the duty of the historian to teach the nations that thry hare a common history and a rommon destiny. For how can men be united except by Ideas in common, the fsslln of kinship which these engender? Ton dent ret that by laying emphasis on war or on the superiority of one nation over cthera, aa most histories do. TIIE IITJ31AN brotherhood. Out teach the whole world one common history, and you will st a point of rlrrr !n aomrnon. After all. why ahouldn't the fact of history have the name validity for a Chinaman aa for an Englishman? JItatory hi as real a fact as eny, a man's femur. And a Chinese teacher of anatomy doesn't show the ferner aa different In ahape or function from what my own teacher taught me of iL The teaching of science alone Is Just as likely to result la the hlfhsr development of munitions and enfffne of killing. It Is history that stresses, or should stress the human brotherhood by showing the single orixtji and adventu on which we are all of us lanached -Chlnamar, German, Englishman. American, or whatever we happen to be. And not only that we, tha Urins, hare a story in common; it Is one living story with the men of the stone afs, with the legions of Cecar, the alchemists of Spain and Napoleon's f00V,,rA That's the thrtHrns; story! Tech hbrtory ro as to start with a clear Idea of the arth" probable orlgtn, the earth we sJl Irre on. Show the frarail coolrai of the vast masa of Incandescence, c prooews of sJmoat ocmatlee age before the crust becomes cool tnoujrh to allow the first rain to trickle over its urfaee &S form the flrei puddle that became the oceaa. Clre eorae ralttro of the lonjf watt for the beginning of Uf whüs the early rocks wore forming. Show tt slowly creeping op unto the hind out of the shallow sea. MaXe our children re all re that our a;lobe was three quarters of Its present are before there were amphlh.am In the swamps and dragon fitee In the air. Oo on to show the coming of great crcles of climate nnd the reptiles maJitaflr wey for the birds and the rVuimrnila Tnn coming or 3LX. Then corrrca Mia One doa-en't know the elementary values of life until the story of our ance-stor, the jrabmen, becomes a reality In our minds. The discovery of fire the first weapon he first habitation the beginning of art the hunting; and f.shlnr life of the paleolithic savage developing Into that cf the herdsman and the agriculturistthemes to make any writer mouth water. The march of great rents the crusades, the reformation, the Industrial rerolutlon most histories treat these m though they were eo many pasßagss and doormats. They come In with a bsnr And go out with a slam. No leading up to them, no leaving cf any clues as to what followad. Our poor heads spin as we read thsra. And we are led to believe that It all leads up te the isolated glory of whatever little family of the world we belong, to the exclusion from that family of ererybody else. But show the development of travel and discovery of new lands as a common development and you will rs a swa of a common herltago. And show how the whole world marchee with increasing speed as the rwult of this cr that apparently local invention. Point oat that up to a little more than a century sro no nation larger than France could hold together lotiir beceu It wm Impossible to transport soldiers and arm fast enough to ruaxd the empire. Think of Napoleon flselng from Russia the man, not the army. With every ff.rility possible fresh horses, the best of relhng etock he averaged only five miles an hour. Then ecmeone observes the effect cf boiling water in a teapot and ths history of the world leaps forward and the aspect of everything changes. What was once a day'e Journey becomes an hour's run. Space shrinks. Someone eis experiments with bits of copper wire and friction and man talks to man across the ccntlrent and eea. or picks up locomotives as though they wrre pins, cr rhotcgraphs through solid walls. It is found that oil explodes. An enjfine is built to hsrne&s th explosion and man flies in the air and I'.vsa and travel and kills under water. A SKKIAL STOJtV. Well, it seerr.s to me as though youth could be inter"se1 in all this if It v. re presented as a iorial tory. Ar.i a youth imrreJH"d 'a ith ?uch a story will be less likely to throw a half brick at a strar.KT in his alley, as a l.collcan dors, merely because it i.s a strsr.er. T'.a hoolifP.n sfs of the values of th stransrr. To a r nuth properly educated by history a Mranirer . i'.r.". the lhr si '. o cf tht world wrt:M present vair.es M fas I ar r ' h'- ' - of a fii he know s. Ulntcry is u!i! ! e t : be the m-,: powerful laHviaacs in unifying the wcrld. Friedrich KatzeiL
AND POLITIC
it ii BM.i mi
Unusual Number of State Issues Added To National Questions Stir Great Interest
This year signalizos the return to peace and politics, and already presidential campaigns are well under way and state contests for local offices humming. In the central west there Is more than tho usual presidential year activity, and with eight states in that eectlon holding presidential preference primaries; with 12 states electing a United States senator and 14 with a governor and state ticket to select, political excitement will continue until after the November election. In addition, members of the lower house of congress are to be elected In every state and present conditions, political observers say, will make these contests more spirited than ever. Although the prohibition amendment to the federal constitution is In effect, observers say it will by no means eliminate the wet and dry issue from politics. Other factors contributing to the bubbling of the political pot are divergent views held on the questions of labor and capital; national ownership and operation of railroads and public utilities and questions STowinjs out of the changed conditions caused by the world war. The high cost of living with its wage and price problems will enter Into every campaign, cloo students of politics declare. The central west states and the dates of tho primaries in which the voters may declare their preference for the presidential candidate are: North Dakota. March 1G; South Dakota, March 23; Michigan, April ."; Wisconsin, April 6; lllinoi?, April 13; Nebraska, April 20: Ohio. April 27. and Indiana, May A. The 12 tftates in the central west which elect a l.'nlted State senator this year are: Arkansas, Illinois. Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri. North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Governors are to be elected in tho following stato-i in tho samo district: Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana. Kansas, Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin. ILLINOIS. In Illinois the greatest political activity early in the year 13 observable on the republican sbl-. Gov. Frank O. Lowilen has entered the presidential rare 2nd is conducting a lively campaign in a number of states besides his own. State oJflcials aro Unci up behind him and the presidential campaign apparently has crowded purely stat politics to the back ground, though governor, lieutenant governor and other state officers are to be cb-cted nevt November. The question of a senator to sticceed United States Sen. Lawrenco Y. Sherman. Mho has expressed his determination not to reck another Urm, is likewise being held in abeyance. Democratic party politics in Illinois have not begun to boil, and those in touch with the party chiefs predict that the year will be the most harmonious for t he. party seen in everal decades. MICHIGAN. The election will afford the women of Michigan their pecond opportunity to exercise the franchise won through amendment to tho Ptate constitution. Coth republicans and democrats already are seekinc, tht, support of women voters. I While nominating petitions for the presidential preference primary April 5 have not yet been filed by any candidates, it is regarded as virtually certain that the republicans will have the names of Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood and Gov. Frank O. Lowdcn of Illinois on tho ballot. Only 100 signatures to a nominating petition are necessary to place a name on the primary ballot. A complete state ticket from governor down, including state senators and representatives as well as congressmen, will be voted on at the November election. There is little prospect that prohibition again will bo a formal issue. Michigan not only voted Itself dry In 1916, but affirmed the action two years later and was
THE
E
Wages Have Gone Up But Prices Have Risen To Greater Degree and Goods Are Scarce
BV PllOFEvSSOR M. J. BONN, Of Mnnlch University, Ono of the Most Representative of German Economists. The economic situation in Germany is dominated by tM-o main facts the results of the blockade and the financial consequences of the war and of the terms of peace. Before the war Germany Imported a considerable part of it j iodstuffs and cf Its raw material. Excess of German Imports Production, over Exports, 1909-13. 1912-13. Million Tons. Million Tons. Breadstuffs 14-15 1.4 Cereals for animal consumption 10-11 4.2 Moreover, 3,500.000 tons of oil cakes and other feeding stuffs, more than 500.000 tons of fats, and over 200.000 tons of butter and lard were imported every year. This huge supply was cut off by the blockade; moreover, German production shrank considerably. The production ot breadstuffs fell from 14-15 million tons to 10 mi'.lion tons (191S-19); that of cereals for animal consumption from 10-11 to 7 millions, and that of sugar beet from 14-15 millions to 10 millions. The number of cattle was reduced from 21. S to 18.6 millions; th number of pigi from 25.3 millions to 10 million?. At the same tin.e, owing to malnutrition the dead M eight of cattle was reduce I from 500 pounds (German) to 260; that o: pigs from 170 to 120 pounds. A greatly reduced standard of living amongst the poorer classes, in th hlg cities especially, thereupon ensued. Tho average consumption of fat fell from 1.16S grammes to 533 grammes. Life Mas only bearable to the masses M-hen the supply of potatoes Mas good, and even that mainstay of German domestic econom cs failed occasionally. From an average of 40-45 million tons a year the crop fell to 30.000.000 in 1918-19. And as transportation Mas difficult in many cases, whilst there was a great demand for feeding stuffs for animals, the big cities Mere very often M-ithout thesr regular supply. The average ration of a pound per head a day Mas very often not forthcoming. who wrote "The History of Mankind," Is one man who Mrites it properly. Prof. Roblnon of ColumMa university, or Prof. Breasted, author of "Ancient History," or our Ernest Parker these are other men who reveal through their works the kinship of nations and race
among the Hrst states to ratify the federal prohibition amendment. NORTH DAKOTA. In North Dakota state oificerj, all members of the house of representatives, half the membership of the state senate, three congressmen and a United States senator will be elected In November. In the March presidential preference primary several laws, Initiated by petition and looking to the repeal of existing "blue laws," are to be accepted or rejected. No formal petitions for a place on the presidential primaries ballot have been filed. No candidates have filed yet for nomination in the primaries for state offices, but tickets within the republican party are expected to be in the field. No contest la expected for the democratic nomination. SOUTH DAKOTA. South Dakota republicans expect to gain a United States senator this fall. At the presidential preference primary March 23 four candidates on the republican ballot are seeking support: Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, Gov. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois. Sen. Johnson of California and Sen. Poindexter of Washington. On the democratic primary ballot tho chief names are those of I'res't AVilson and James W. Gerard, former ambassador to Germany. South Dakota women, for the first t;m vote for presidential electors and high state onicia's this year. At the November elect '"en the voters will decide wh.nhor they wish to legalize the sale of beer and light Mines through grocery stores, without saloons, under what is styled the "legal merit system." WISCONSIN. In Wisconsin the Mulborger law, permitting the manufacture and sale of 2.Z per cent beer, is to be submitted to referendum at the November election, when presidential electors, congressional candidates and stale oHicers will be elected. Delegates to the national conventions will be elected at the presidential primary April C and ono wing of the republican party is credited with a desire to elect uninstructed delegates, whilo another section Is believed to bo seeking endorsement for Sen. LaFollette. The Unit'-d States senatorial election is expected to be warmly contested. Sen. T. L. Lonroot, seeking reelection, has a possible opponent in James Thompson of La (rosse. who political observers say is the probable ehoioo . the LnTollette wing of the republican n-trty. OHIO. The republican orga niv.ation In Ohio Is striving for a solid delegation to tho republican national convention instructed for Sen. Warren G. Harding for presidential candidate. The presidential preference is April 27, and twr possible candidates for tho democratic nomination are Gov. James M. Cox and S-n. Atlee Pomerene. State o Ulcers, a United Suites senator, congressmen and state legislatures aro to bo elected and woman suffrage will bo again before the voters at the fall election on the question of ratifying the action of the state legislature in accepting the federal woman suffrage amendment. The fight over the United States senator is being held in abeyance until after the Chicago convention, the Ohio primary not requiring candidates to file nominating petitions until shortly before tho August primary. INDIANA. A complete state ticket with candidates for the state legislature, congress-men and a United States senator will be elected by Indiana voters this fall. The presidential preference primary, May 4, wlil mark the opening of the political year which promises contests for nearly every olhce. The probable effect of the women's voto is already being discussed by politicia-ns.
CONOMIC SITUATION
The position of German industry Mas someMhat different. Germany is a great coal-producing country; it controlled during the M-ar large quantities of iron ore; moreover, the importation of iron ores from Sweden went on all the time. The iron and steel trades flourished considerably. Other industries, however, were less fortunate, especially the textile trades, which depend mainly on foreign supplies. LIKE A DRY SPONGE. When the frontiers were opened Germany was like a dry sponge sucking in M-ater. But the process of recuperation is sIom' and must be slow. The Industrial plant all over Germany is greatly deteriorated OM-ing to the M-ant of repairs, duo partly, to M-ant of material, partly to the absence of sufficient man power. Moreover, tho efficiency of German labor Is greatly reduced; it may have recovered a little lately, but It has been stated authoritatively that it U one-third beloM- its former standard. Labor has been driven at top speed during the war, and a considerable slackening Is unavoidable. The revolution has not Improved the lot of the people as far as consumption of material goods Is concerned; M-ages have risen considerably, but they cannot buy much, for prices have risen to a greater degree and there Is a scarcity of goods. The only economic boons M-hich the M-orking classes are enjoying e-j far are a shorter working day and a greatly reduced industrial speed good things for both of them from a human point of vieM but not very helpful when production ought to be increased. The revictualling cf the German people has started, but under very great difficulties. There is scarcity all over the world, there is scarcity of transportation, and there is very little in Germany M-ith which to pay for imports. If Me look at quantities (and people live by quantities) imports in July last were only 20 per cent of the Imports of July. 1913: but the value of that meager 20 per cent Mas double the value of the imports In July, 1913. Imports during the first six months of the year amounted to only 467,000 tons, including 220,000 tons of cereals at a total cost of 2Vs milliard marks. Just now the. feeding situation is not bad, measured by German Mar standards it never is in the autumn. The situation as far as cereals and meat are concerned Is fairly satisfactory. Fats and sugar are scarce, however. The potato crop might have been just sufficient if it could have been harvested and transported; but the early frost and heavy snowfalls have completely destroyed this hope; 5S3.000.000 marks have been spent on the import of meats. 53 6. 000, 000 marks on cereals. 100.000,000 marks on butter and lard. 10S.000.000 marks on milk and ISO, 000. 000 marks on potatoes. Raw materials come in very sIoM-ly, especially textiles. At a rate of 40 cent th pound of cotton
CENTRA
WEST
The tax law is declared to be the issue on which the state office fights will be joined, and the wet and dry Issue is expected to be In the background since tho 1917 legislature made the state dry territory. NIIIJItASKA. Tho presidential prefererce primary April 20 in Nebraska Is holding the attention of most voters to the exclusion of the campaign for etate oiflcers to be elected this fall. The principal activity is in the rival camps of the supporters of Gen. John J. Pershing and of Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood. The admirers of Gen. Pershing claim him as a son of Nebraska by reason of his long residence in that state. The lines in the gubernatorial contest have not yet been closely drawn and no United States senator is to bo elected from Nebraska this year. KKNTUCKY. Kentucky promises to become one of the most interesting battle grounds of the country at tho November election. It has a republican state administration which was swept into power at the blennia! election last November by a 40.000 majority and a congressional delegation, preponderate democratic, chosen In 1917. At the August primary under the present primary law candidates for congress from the eleven dlstr ts and a United States senator Mill be nominated. The contest for the United States senatorship at the November election now appears to be between United States Sen. J. C. M. Beckham, democrat, and Richard P. Ernst of Covington, republican. MINNESOTA. Minnesota republicans look for a return of the normal republican majority of approximately 100.000 in the election this fall, basing their vIcm-s on the contention that conditions of 1916 when Hughes carried the state by 392 votes and 1912, when Wilson was overhelmlngly a victor over Taft, have changed completely. There will be no United States senator elected this year, but the voters will select state officers anad congressmen, and close contests In a number of congressional districts are expected. MISSOUItl. Missouri voters this year will cast their ballots for a complete ticket from presidential electors to stato ejfTicers. including the selection of a United States senator and congressman and 159 members of the state legislature. With the exception of the state auditor and the superintendent of public instruction all the elective state officers are. democrats. United States Sen. Seiden P. Spencer, e lected in 191 S at a special ( lection, is a republican. Sen. Spencer, James L. Minnis j.nd Dwight P. Davis, both of St. Loui-, are republican candidates for the senatorial nomination, while 'Breckenridge Long; assistant secretary of the navy. hi3 announced his candidacy on the democratic ticket. The preliminary senatorial fight Mill be at the August primary. IOWA. Selection of a United States senator, congressmen, governor and state officers will be made this year by Iowa voters at the November elections. There will be no presidential preference primary. Outside of the contest which may develop over the vacancy caused by the expiration of the? term of United States Sen. Albert B. Cummins state issues are expected to hold the place of prominence. TEXAS. One paramount Jusue already has appeared on the Texas political Jiori:;on whether a pro-Wilson delegation shall be sent to the democratic national conven(CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE) and a rate of exchange of over 40 marks to the dollar, the German spinner Mould have to pay over 1C marks the pound, not reckoning freight and other costs. Thero is no possibility yet of restarting under such circumstances. SOME ECONOMIC ANOMALIES. The situation Is greatly complicated on the one hand by the disannexatlon of territories In the east and In the M-est M-hlch M-er-s surplus districts, like Lorraine for iron ores and Posnanla for agricultural produce. On the other hand, the occupation of the left bank of the Rhine and the bridgeheads has destroyed the unity of German economic life, and has made what is called the hole in the M-est. In these districts the economic legislation of Germany has not been enforced so far. Goods are imported and smuggled from there into Germany which are superfluous for a starving country; goods are exported from there to foreign countries which are essential to It. Owing to the bad German exchange this exportation is made profitable. Grain and cereals, of M-hich great quantities must be purchased abroad, are exported from the occupied districts owing to the falling exchange. There is a leather famine In Germany, but large quantities of leather are sent abroad. Curtains and frills can be seen everywhere in the tou-ns bordering the occupied territories, whilst there Is not yet enough clothing to keep the people warm in the winter. The import of coffee is not permitted officially, as more urgent wants ought to be satisfied first; from tho western border smugglers inundate Germany Mith coffee. It has been said that the German people spend 3,000,000 marks a day on coffee just now. They have paid, it is said. 4.000,000 marks for cigarets, and in doing so they raise the price of all imported goods again;! themselves, for imports without exports depreciate the currency. Orders for goods could be placed in Germany, but goods cannot be delivered. This is partly due to labor difficulties; yet outside the big cities the labor difficulties are not unsurmountable. The main reason is the coal question. The production of coal has fallen from 1, 000. 000 tons a mor.th before the war to S.OQO.000 or 9,000,000 tons and less. The. production is rising slowly. In the Ruhr district it is about 2 40,000 tons a day, as against 380,000 tons before the Mar. This shrinkage is due to thi introduction of the seven-hour day. to the decreased efficiency of the Morkingmen of th plant. Production could be increased considerably if additional miners could be housed. The worktwins to war and starvation and to the deterioration ers can be found about a quarter of a million men are wanted cn the Ruhr but it takts a ions time to
GERMANY
WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN
OLD BABYLONIA Latest Arch olopry Discoveries Reveal Surprising State of Cultural Development. RY. PROP. A. II. RA YCH. The old Oriental world was wonderfully like our own. It Mas not acquainted with the mechanical contrivances of tho twentieth century, with trains and steamers, telegraphs and telephones, but on the cultural sido It WW on a level with ourselves, and in rnc respects even in advance of us. Culture, as opposed to mechanical civilisation, is alM-aj-s confined to the few, and what i still the high-M-ater mark of the few had already ben attained 4.O00 years ago. We already knew that such was the case with the Greece and Rome of the classdeal ae. Then cam th revelation of ancient Egyptian culture, followed by that of the art and culture of enrly Crete, and It i now the turn of Babylonia. The strong points of Babylonian culture, however, were not artistic, as was the case in Egypt and Crete, but literary and commercial. The latest discovery of Babylonian archaeology ha an astonishingly modem ring. Some centuries before Abraham was born in Ur of the Chaldees a dynasrty of kings was reigning which had its capital In that city. Its rule or supremacy was acknowledged from Suea. to the Mediterranean, from the Persian gulf to the Taurus mountains. In eastern Asia Minor, three miles from the pre?ent Kaisariyeh, there was a Babylonian colony, partly military, partly commercial, which held the high road to the northwest and waa the center of the metal trade. Babylonian firms worked the silver, copper and le.d mines of Asia Minor and supplied western Ala with their products. A IIEPCDLIO 4.300 YEARS AGO. They have left us their records inscribed hi cuneiform characters on tablets of clay. Hundreds cf them have been recently discovered, all belonging to the same period, about 2400 B. C. Eome of the tablets are letters, often on bnsinexs matters; others of them relate to commercial or legal affairs. They come abruptly to an end; It 13 probable that M-hen Internal decay prevented the Babylonian government from defending any longer their distant possessions the Babylonian settlements In Asia Miner m ero destroyed by the wild tribes of the north. At all events, excavation has shown that the particular city where the ta.blets were found was suddenly overthrown and never Inhabited again. The larger number of colonists came from Assyr.a. M-hlch at that timo was a Babylonian province. They had a republican and not a monarchical form of government, though acknowledging in a Bort of shadowy way the nominal supremacy of the Babylonian kintrs But they M-ere actually governed by their own officers, a province or district being under the government of a "prince" and a city under that of ?. "prefect" Besides these officers there were also judges as well as certain officials, who gave their names to the "M-eeks" of five days each Into which the yevr was divided, and by means of which time was counted. THE WOMJN'S UNIVERSITY. But by the side of the "prince" and the "prefect" there was also a "princess" and a "prefectess." and a curious fact that emerges from the tablets is that the "princess" and "prefectess" had equal powers and rights Mith the "prince" and the "prefect." "Women's rights" had already triumphed at Burus, as the city was called; the women could trade there like the men, could bequeath thoir property like the men, and possessed, it would seem, the same official authority aa tho men. It would appear that, after all, there was some truth In the classical story of the Amarona, wfcone home M-as in the same part of the world. Along with "women's rights, r.atually went women'! education, and the latest discovery is the mort modern touch of all. A tablet has turned up which refers to a woman's "college," or "university," In the neighborhood of Burus, M-here it gave the name of "The Woman's Town" to the suburb in which it stood. This university Mas divided into the two faculties of "literature" and "arts," each cf which was under a 'princlpal" who, however, was not a woman, but a male professor. Surely "there is nothing nerr under the run." TIIE BABYLONIAN POSTMAN. But the tablets have brought to light many othir things Mhich have their parellel In the modern world. We learn from the letters that thero were roads throughout the country' along which the postman went regularly, though the J tters and envelopes he carried were of clay, like the stamps, Mhih had th form of discs. In one of the letters the M-ritr expresses tho hope that the postman m-JII have a bright moon and a clear sky to light him on his way at niht. Truly, the near east ha.s a long past of civilization behind it. build the houses or barracks M-hich they would re-quire. COAL SHORTAGE SERIOUS. The coal shortage in Germany is just now the r;.(.t serious problem affecting the country. In some towr.i r.o coal is available for private consumption; who cannot get wood or turf are f ie- l with th- jtispect of a winter without fuel. Pr:e s of all s. rts f fuel have risen enormously; 13 marks fur a hur. Ire iweight of turf i.s paid In s'jme d:ri,ts. Hous - nr.ot be built because there is r.o coal for hrkkmakm:,': gns works are nearly stopped because, they e iur.f t t supplies; mills M-hich have large ordirs werk :.!;, a f w days. The output of the potash min . v. h:h badly needed fT the improvement of agriculture, m curtailed for war.t of coal; sugar refineries canr. t b" worked; the margarine ration has been reduced from l'O to 1 0 grammes becauf-e the fuel f, r the work is not forthcoming. Just now there i.s the greatest dinVulty in tra::-por-t.-jtln. In other years coal m distribute. i in th.- summer months when the supply of freight ears is ample. This year th:.-: could not be donr on account ef th strike. Crops ar.d o il had to be moved at the sa ruetime. As this could not b. with the irre.it l r--due-d railway stock, an embargo was laid on all sender trafT.c. From Nov. Z to 10 no express tr.tir s CCÜNTIXX'EI ON PAG K THRHt' )