South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 280, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 7 October 1917 — Page 17

BEND Section 3 CONTENTS Kdltorial Comment. School PM, Woman's Section and Othw FWturei of General Intertü-t.

SOUTH

NEWS-TIMES

VOL. XXXIV, NO.. 280. ki'"ul()&J1F "ewsÜ SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1917. unHrw1' PRICE, FIVE CENTS.

THE NEW LIBERTY MOTOR OF AMERICAN ENGINEERS INSPIRES THE vT TO DIP INTO FL VING HISTOR Y

SERGE AP

AM AMKklt'AN . -KNTFATI N CAM!'. '".. ;. -LI'. up. a htth i.;t .:-.;:.' ;.! to be ; hiase it. a 1 1 . i t r ma- J i ! r -r:- "" ': ..'erne -.trs that many LB v.hi-tld and dt:i. We had -om t think jt hm! p ':--. 1 long -inc.- into o:-U bin, and perhaps i

did. ba ;r i. . - - .'!' handed a'.-l -'';'! U; prt-ei.t or.d.tcu--. th n:- ! (''.. With a ..rd - !-i i-i-t"l t l(.ivriii'!iiz- v it'; in '" F- has, tt ernight. i abb : ark t r j . ; t . . 1 1 1 p..j darin . Today, "up. up. :ip .1 little I. it hifc'L"'" 1- more tli. ii a phraw in a popular 1 anal it is the dotrun of thousands of aviator aii'l it via t o:s-1 11 -1 h -u w. i :. c leu ;it thi- w rhi'. create .'. i t i 1 x c r.t'-; . And .1! tu- ..:sie II .im..r ha- .t ? let In Jjl.ert;. motor ".ill nable A r.erit-, m bita.m. v. to i-limb to hei-'ht- iv for.- attained hy i . 1 - i or man. Mo far-f t In '1 th -f claim-; are, oannct !'"f a hi!'.- bdetermined. Mnc the motor has y t to put int, operation at this and other :hi.s throughout thountrj. ."-'till the flyers arc hopeful. If repot ts prov. tj-.;..( A tat ric.il ii iators . ithin a f?w month-; will lto nY-f to the battle-front in plan's po--es,e,l nf hUfl; -tup mhois .superiority that they must within a coinjKirativtly short t i 1 n ".-li"i" e-y m my plane t" perpetual cove:. To v. hat tut thi- will hasten the mi f uutoer.iry. is "f course a matt' r of oonj.-ctur Ve ate all. howeer. ptimbtic. When the ii'-'A motors are installed, atnl our plane ;,,inr miles into the elotwis, hundreds of feet higher than any others !mv. . v .-r mounted ttVui will the dreams of. jtudoits of .til a es h a been realized. .Man sill li'ne as:emle. as hi'-'h into the air as atnio-ph: ri' 4 omiitiotis will eer permit. The prohlem.-- of Ilaeon. i;e.ichjy, Zppelin an-i th.- Wrights will hav, heeu r-oPe.l for all time. I'ules-s ?otiu: hiiflniett of the future itci'les tu rival the angels hy attmptini? flights f thj- planet.-, tlie p.ierti"ri f altitude as a prohh m it: aeronautics '.vill have I. .en shortly settle. 1 for. .r an Afii: old riionui.M. ui'-e the ilawn of time almost. hav men hoeii try -im; to Ti-e frion the earth in innurneraPhj ways. We ran easily UnaiTlne the atitt'-diltivian man jumping yuUtrf to see liou hU'h he mitrht rise before speedily returnihn to the rounu. S ripture hints that lm - i'i ti- flood, inhabitants of the earth who were n"l so fortunate as Noah, fled to frees ami mountains, and then when the waters one niorp threateneti, the vainly tried to emulate the birds that had not beef; s r pt a 'A a . Hitor tells u that the aneirnLs helieed fl'yint-' M.itrht b- atconplished by the aid of .pirits or aim'fl-, '; the help of fowls, by wirUs fastened ilrtly t" the i.oilv and l tlvini: chariot.-. 1'urly painters portrayrd (fi'.iiibs can in.; men t!iroui:li the air, and poets pictured the possibilities of beiui: iMiTitv! up and wafted a loir-; by the mpport of birds, but s far a legend ui.es. e never learned that attempts to compier the tir jo f-'i' h a manner' were very vrj' successful. A 'a ay kick before time was reckoned, atvordim; t" ;reek mjtholocy. Daedalus, a firee kintr. was imprissoried by the Parisian kin'. Mino. Iaedalus acoord-

PAN GERMAN INTRIGUES WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL BY DR. ADOLPH SMITH, Interpreter at the International Trade Union Socialist Congresses and Founder, in Conjunction With Dr. PaulBrousse, of the Second International.

The object of this article is to show : 1. That the Germans ami their leaders neve- conceived so generous an hica as that of creitlng a workers' International. That the two political internationals were brought into being by the tactful initiativ' of French and Fritish leaders and organizers. ". That both these internationals have been iestroyed in a larJte measure by the clumsy, domineering i uterf er ne of the Oermatis who subsequently ioine! the movement. I. That the wa the puiiian.- endeavored to 01-i:anl'-the international, that the doctrines they taught were such a mast render onsiderabh- assistance to the German military empire y it endeavor to conu. r the world. That tho cry raised among socialists to organic . rcanize, meant in practice to Germanize, Germani . That tlie German scheme or organization was based on a military model. it meant a centralized autocracy, it fought aalnt the French and I'.ritish love of freedom of local and national initiators. it ought to Impose a theoretical orthodoxy and to p secute a,s a heretic all who ventured tr doubt or c.n to ask que,ions. 7. That, having no sanction, i. e.. ii b. ing impo.--nMe to burn heretics at the stakt, this intolerance i- ; telling example of th- inherent blundering tha' characterizes tho 'German people. It shows that the l;ae not the qualities m ce.-.-ary t maintain harmony " etw een many races of van. inc. sometimes of an .agonistic, disposition' owi:n pinu'iniiin lhk. Tlie idea f an it.te rnntional h.ul been aiv.-;ti d Jong before rr. jCati Ma" cajne into the :i Id. In Koi-ert Oen attempted to orgnnize an international on a wider basis. Flora Tristan, who di.-d n: s4.". anl v. as a disciple of Fourrier, i:a her life to l l:i !r.ternatimal f labor where there should be r,. .iUtinction of race or -. v f,.r the term .-o- bi! d uv rat, it was :",r-t launched fo:th :e l v."." m fj j-h t harti.-t. I'ronterre 'F.rieu. T.as--:iig from ideas to re., h, at :-r. .-. .'. h.t ,r tiaii; Lappen 1 '.s that some Kreta h v. orkmeu -i'.lf bily pro::t"d by the Ii'aral r r.'piiblnau oppi.s-.tion ot I'rir.'-c Jerome pon.ipart akcait.st his -u:'n. tlie F.n: 3 eror N'.po'e..t; HI. to o!r tain a subvention which r liMed them to nr.d leba.at..- to , : and -eport ..:; .C?r.- of the . xhibir- dlow n at the v.nive r-al eh: .i tion he!,.. .f:r::; he j ear I ". in Iuidou. There th. IfYfr.-'hR-.fi:. To! iiu In.oiisin. and Fri '':; g ::;; bad !r.g Fr-.rlish trades un;oni-t-. such as tb I.it Sir Kaniia' Cremer. ;e..;c.- ,ig r. Iter. u min Luc raft. '; org. Ho-- -r. and id!:r: !::.:: g togtb. ;n a litth- 1'r. :uu r'staurar.t iu N- -t . .-eh v aud a? tha- poub .; . Ju Ferry st . t:.".- talked o r 1 e.-.' i tl t' - t ation.il Wori,:::. M .. t :!. o rears lat'i I v. Kurl Ma: . th :. ;. i:. i..c. !.-.. thought .u: '.t .tii:.- th:- . rg r..uti..n h:."urpcsey. ili- :.r-.-.ub! p :!' th' t : . ;es tb.at en- -, . ., t .. ::i..Tr r; 1 cab ' : ' f r.' f :" K.ub M..i v :. ' " , ... 2 : -u::'b r ' - : 1:- Kar! M b v - :- A a - t Th- . : or -. ha i. o : ' . - 'o : .. . l.g so b - . . t . . -1 . . t . 1 : . l lb I":

:ii-rl;. dvti rnuned to '-beat his way" back to Persia :.fl as. beatlr.i,' .''a;.'" a e perpetrated n"wada s. j-inc l impet s were uul.t.'iwn imivi nienf -es to the ancient;--but rather Uy .1 trip through thi ai: . I'e construe1 wiiiv, fur hi .-on Icurit: and himself from loo---luills found in and about his place of cordinenn nt. He .rran-'. d th'-rn just as he thought nature would !ia . !iiio!i' d thfin. fa-ten::.!.' them tiuht thiou4li thn.iddb . that th" uii!.- miirlit remain !ir:n at the base. Hef-.re faster.ir.K the win;.-, to the shoulders of his -on. the royal father warned him to keep a mid ourse in the air. f I vi 1; lt not so hU-h that the sun rni-'ht melt the wa, nor so low that tile waves of the -ea hie ii they were to fly would make puipos-e-b-s.s th. vilo-'s. All v.tt.t well at the outset. Hut the oy'- tho.Jits soon a-piied to Kieater hei;ht.s. the sun melted th"- -.ax. and. like the unforgettable, Mcdinty. th youthful fearius splashed .Jeep down "to the bot -t"U o." the T-a." ii:ksi.n ki(. i'iw. hand: ed years before the li':-in. in of the Phris.:.an r i. Kai Kaoos, a Persian kir. decided ridint,' ot. earth was little to tame, and planned a trip to thhealths. He consulted lu.s astrologers who assure.: him after returning from a trance, that the trip t" 'eleytial r. u'ior.s and back -ould be safely made. Kai had his hunters rob an ea tie's ne.vt cf four of its most promising fledu'lim-'s. The raptured ea.t'leA---.vere carefully fed strcnt'th-ivin foods until they -rew to such proportions as would make cWn weighty members of the Sor.th peiid aerie wary of their fat men's honors. Then th" hin- had made a frame o: N'alooe.- wood at the four od-, of which were etecteti slendc- .-pears, serving in their turn to support a shelter tor his r'yal hit'hiu-ss when the attentions of Jupiter Pluvius or old Sol were not desireI. The e.i tries were I'ouml t the base t.f the frame. Kven kind's of the olden days had occasional happ.s tnounhts. Kai Kaoos had an unusually happy one. He fastened a piece of boat's meat to the top of each spar Just at the point where the canopy rested. When the eagles looked up and beheld the treat it was expected, they would do nothing U-s than flap their vine's and fly for it. In this manner the throne would rise, and there was not a chance but that Kal Kaoowould ascend directly for a heavenly conference. A ;obct of wine was his lone ration, but he needed not more. , one reckoned to what heights the eaeles would soar in their treadmill attempt to t;et the meat: no one considered that hunger, tantalized, increase--, that increased hunger weakens and that a speedy ascent meant a dashing descent. Maybe King Kai held the celestial conference but he never came back to report the proc'edini;s. An Italian adventurer of the tenth century on a visit to Scotland sought to find his way into ttie favor of the ay, but impoverished King James IV, by dnJrning to be a master of magic. He failed In his claim to produce riches for the kin-, but resolved to satisfy hi majesty by a miraculous performance. (latherim;

so autocratic a mann-?r that nearly all the branches, "lie after another, rebelled against him. MAKX li.vri: l'Ui:FHIi:. In foreign affairs he endeaore.i to satisfy his hatred of France. Italy and Kussia. In lsä7 he urgel that if the- king of Sardinia obtained Lombardy. Prussia. shuld at once annex Schleswig and Holstein. He Aas angry because Prussia "lowered her flag' before Napoleon III in respect of Luxemburg and the accession f a German prince to the thmne of Spain, but he was delitrhted with P.ismarck for forcing on the war with Fratu'e, ami was anxious that thos- " 1 1 i -: - of Fienehmen" shouhl receive a good lesson. If he allowed the international to protest against the annexation of Alsace Lorraine, he sharel In this, as in many things, the opinion of Fi.-marck. He did not think such an annexation was wrong in the moral sense but bad policy. Thus it is not surprising to iin.1 hat in August. P7i. Ohatelain. member of the Fremdi -e.-tion .f the intei national in Londoi. openly proclaimed that .Marx was an agent of Bismarck, an accusation Felix Pyat, member of the Commune, fre'iiiently repeated in the paper published in Pat is entitled "I- Commuiu." In 1nT. a.s in F 1 1 and the ears following, it will b- seen that German s,,cial lemocracy has been at the -erOee of the German kaiser and has indorsed the Fismarckian policy of "blood ami iron." It wa- this pan (German policy and the autocratic nietlmds of governing the bdy which caused the tirst international to brtak up soon after the war of 1h7m-71. Till: M.;coM INTrJlNATlONAL. 11k international was resuscitated in lSC-Sr. and once acain oy 1 tr it i-H and Kreneli tact and initiative. The Germans had nothing to do with it: n the contrary, they were r resentful ami endt avor. d to oppose the niovetm nt. on this o casion theie was no Prince Jerome lion-apart- ! help. The necessary assistance was obtained from Sir IM ward Watkins ami the Channel Tunnel ' '". It mu-t ue remembered that th lufauie law. 'biacted on the 14th of March. Iv7;:. acaitt the interr.ation.il. was then in force and had b?en applied. Thütendered anyone, but especially anv foreigner, att. mr'ting to associate internationally workinem. n's e.r--.iniations liable- to live ears' imprisonment. To bre ik down this law. 1 ntered into clo-e re.Tior- with Tr. Paul Hrous., the founder of what wa !.r wn a- tlie 1 L i lx t am1 largest section of the i'rui'-h so ialist party ami .vho subsojue ntly reprc--e'lted Paris in parliament btside being presilent of th-- Paris mui.leiial council. vv endeavoreil to organize an international demonstration of such a chara ?: that the government would hesitate to apply th Kw akb-unst u.-. George Shiptot:. secretary of th.- Iyinb.:: Tra.lt.- o'ui.cll, prov ide d n.e with an exelb r.t pretext tlii- description. G17T MTl'OKT Ol FUAM i:. F: . iP.oj-.-e undertook to arrange matter- m Fianc -i: 11 - 1 recruited prominent la'a-r b-aders 1:1 Fr.glar.d Wh i. 1 had suec rdcl in -''. iiu!:; -tro:vg Frit: h sup t w e obtained, in F'. ar. e. tb-e patron. .g.- c f Mon tubs Gtey hi:"r..-ef; and. :n du ..c;i.. the pr.sjd.-n of th. republic received th. del a!:..;: ,,f the organ- .... ! 'orkeis of Frit jar. at the Fal.-o . ,.f FP -.. -. -b. 1 aitr.ost an intimat icccption in th" mii.-t "' ' .''. de L.-seps's faJuily. Mors. Leun Sa an.; otl.t 1

By Charles A. Grimes, Sergeant, U. S. A.

an assortment of piumace, the adventurer undertook the construction of a. pair of wines, and, on completing them, informed the kintr that with his pcrmi-. sinn he was goin' to fly from Stirling Castle. Scotland to Paris, France. The king advised him to start at once, and the obedient adventurer started promptb only to land in a hap in the courtyard below. Hi de ferity in framing an ".ilibi" for th kimr prohabp.--aed his head. "My wind's." lie said, "were composed of various feathers. Amng them were the feathers of dunghill ;owls. and by a certain sympathy were attracted to th dunuhill: wln-reas. had my wing- been composed o the e.ik'b-s alone, the same sympathy would have . rta't'd them to the regions of the air." P()(ii:it ll()N'S PKOPIll ( V. In 11:11. the great I-YancI.sv-an, litmtr P.acoi. w:op At some future time there may be made sonic t T .. in-: instrument, so that a man sitting in the middle of the instrument and turning some mechanism may put into motion some aititi'ual win-s a hich beat the air like a bird." Thus, did Bacon's niaiiou.- mind, centu'des ahead of tlie times pr eiiicted our modt rn-t lying nia.-him . The knowledge Bacon possessed and the theories h" claimed are remarkable for the fact that tin- principles .,f his scheme arc still applied. Assuming that the atmosphere was a material of consistency capa"l. of bearing im it substance Vessels such as are born upon the sea. he described the aeroplane of future ve.iis as. "a large hollow globe of copper or sonic other metal wrought extremely thin order to h.a t a.- light as' possible. it must then be iillcd with etli.-real liuoid air and launched from some eleate,i point into the atmosphere, where it .'.ill fioat like a essel in the water." Bacon's prophecies hae been fulbllcd. We have .-eei oalloons tillevl witli "there.il or liquid air" floating through the 1 lomls, and what is more, we are nov. witnessing daily a "flying Instrument with a man iltimc in the middle operating a mechanism with .-.rti' -cial wings. Ideating the air like a bird." During four suceeding centuries. J bacon's theories with varied changes were practiced. In Mngiand and France during tlie cary seenteenth century, Simon stevinus, th u'reat mathematician. Pierescius and other leading students ale said t have made successful fliirhts through the air. A hislorian writes of one flight in those early times: "The greatest news of this country is of an ingenlus fellow that in Berkshire sailed or went over a high steeple in a boat all of his own making; and. without other help than bims If m her, conveyed her aboe lb) miles by land over hills and dales to the river, and s)( down to London.' Till: OltK.IN OF ll.l,l,(K)MN(.. Ballooning or. to be more technical, the science c;' aerost ratior was introduced in l4ä by Francis Buna, a .Jesuit. vho!-e discoveries in atmospheric pressures proved that a receptacle holding air was heavier than when the air was dispelled. Father Lina, in his attempt to travel through the air molded four globes ! . --b '' :-. .'s . -. : b-- vv; ?; y.b. b -. i ..bCr, A a,...;-V;,,w''V- . bV.v. X. v . - . v.? ...,; ; .:.v b-bi . y , IUI. ADOLPH SMITTI. er- important p( rsor.age.c likewise joined v. in breaking the law against the international. Thus v t wer able to hold in Pari.- sonic of the finest yiterr.ationa' meetinns ever seeii. Having thus utilized capitalist interests and influence to break the law. the nxt thing way to take a -imüar step without such protection. The opportunit; -oon O'-cut red. Möns. Ju,s Perry, who was primminister at that time, had become ery unpopular le-.au-e he was suspected, of Ira nine toward Gernwny We calculated that if w" b.eJd an international gathring at which Germar.-, were present jt wauld help to rehabilitate Jules Irr; should lie arrest th's.. Ger-:nan-b r.n.b r the Lnifaur. law. and drag th m a& pri.- :. is through the s.wr,t, p.iris. , ttthat very r.'äoi; if. ir stead of a ongress at w hk I all could om-. ,ve had a o'jr.t'Ten.-o where only t.nos who are ir.vite! .-u!d attend, and if we limit d our

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Tipper, each IX' fet in diHir.eter. which would weigh less when empty thin the bulk of atmosphere th.it wru required to till them. To these he attached a boat wherein he rode with only indifferent success. DeJlnte results in ballooning were achieved by the Montgolflcr brothers of France in 17". On th-- tilth lay of dune, that -ar they sent up a balloon 11 A f't .n ciixrumfereucc. The basket had 1 ' feet of surface, and the balloon proper weighed pounds- ami .-nub! hold L'L',000 feet of vaior. Ridicule from a larsre aKsemiagc was the portior of the ballooniKK previous to their '.irst asvension. B :t ridicule soon changed to ae at.d admiration v.-Iipü the Montgolf iers made good their promise that soon as the air bug was tilled with gas. the contraption would rise It: ten minutes after being tilled, th.- balloon reached a height of 0.00) fet t. remained in the air three-fourth-"f an hour, only to descend gently to t h earth, becaus. "i" a tear in the sil . Tiie balloon fell 7, mile- away tn.m Anr.onay in i-.ttle iliagc. 'S...i.ie nt tn- villagers on seeing the ::!: for the :",:: time, thught of cour.-e it came from another vorld; "tl el's deeid' d it wa- a monst rotts bii-d. There were those idd enough t approach it for a closer examination. . nie man shed at the "demon. ' another on tearing the silk, claimed he had skin-b-M the d'-vil, and vas regr-tfiil of the stench lie had . reated while so doinc. Thus wa- th" uas describe. 1.' Tales corresponding to these wer circulated over th . ountry to such a Ce -ree that the Fr, nch government 'eu'ularly advertise. ascensions thtt tli" public mich :.ot be further, und'ily aroused. Amateur ballooni-ts soon spran up broa.ic-.st o . " ttieir country. They mploy d paper and goil-bt at r-' -kin howeer. and their efforts w ere for the m'. part unworthy of note. a o t if i :u mo T( ; ) u 1 1 : i : i ; v i : u i m i rs t. One of the .M ont Kolf ier brothers sent up another balloon at Versaille;? or. ept. I'.4, 17s:;. The king- and (fjeen and all the royalty turned out to view the a--cension. A wicker ca-se wa.s fastened to the bottom of the baJloon and in it were placed a sheep and a duel:. The balloon arose 1,4 40 feet, remained in th. air only eight minutes and fell about two miles away. T.vo hunters found it hanging to a tree, the animalunhurt, the sheep even being found in such a tranquil and happy frame of mind as- to grazing on th Raves of the tree. "When it was proved that the- animals had lived throuigh the experience of balloonimr. man betran t consider taking the chance himself." King Imis how . ever realized that such chances were risky, to say tii least and decided to send two prisone rs who had been condemned to death up on the first trip. Pilate I)e Kozier. a famous balloonist, opposed the plan on the ground that criminals should not be given the prlilee of being the first mortals to mount sucessfull to the clouds. De Itozier himself was chosen to make the first trip. The balloon in which Ie Rozier chose to mount was oval-shaped and about 4 feet in diameter. The lower

invitations to the Fnglish and the Ivitin peoples, thus recognizing a. Latin entente as opposed to a German rapproachment. Möns. Jules Perry would not venture to increase his growing' unpopularity by taking proceedings against us. This calculation proved correct. Tli" international conference in 1:'. at which trade-union and socialist organizations of France, Great Hritian, Italy and Spain were represented, nut in Paris without b t r hindam -. and this in spite of the imfaure law. GllKMAVS LAC Kill) TUT. It i? obvious that it was no use attempting to r constitute the international while the French were forbidden by law t joun. Some means, therefore, had to be found, and were found, by which this law was set aside. In reviewing the..- facts, th' thought natu rail." occurs that they illustrate the need of more abbleadership than the Germans could have proided. They lack the tact or capacity to understaml othe ountrbs than their i.hvii, Fy their previous attempts atnl failures they f-1 owed they t:OUld TleVer have overcome the difficulties due to the Imfaure law. Far from creating either the first or the second international, it is their blundering that was mainly instrumental in ie-strovinr the first and the secure! international. The time had now arrived w hen the Hriti-h w ere railed upon to a it. anJ therefore the next international congress was held from the sixth to the tenth of November. ISSs, in St. Andrew's hall. Jondon. F. this time the German social democrats, were alarmed at the growth of a movement which was not under their dire-t control. They therefore tried to establish a rival international, and the two internationals met m Paris in lSSib But the German international was u..t an international at all. It was called th- .Iarxi-t "ongress. and the various nationalities hardly sent an delegates; but there wert vi German delegates. of whom 00 were officers or non-commis.-ioned officers of the German army, on the other hand, there was no one single delegate from Posen, the Polish province the Prussians annexe!. The Possibilirt eongres- of tst; wa?. on the ..-.n-trary, attended not merely by French delegate and those to the number of 177, representing XZ, tradesunions and 77, socialist groups but by 27 Pritish trades-union delegates and 1." delegate of the Friti"social democratic federation. Then there were se.ven Snani-h, seven ItalUn, seven Belgian, four American, two Portuguese, one S'.vi, and one Polish delegate. The two congresses had to amalgamate, and their hrst joint concresj? met at Brussels in lSäl. Tills exhibition of German weakness in th Meld international action resulted in that, as m-jal, th Germans Fought to gain a footing amone- thr.c -? Yi .r.anaced things better than the:n-dve. Though the old international did have, a mi'-ereji engresa at The Ha-?ue in 17'.' and a sort of funeral eremony at Geneva in lS7i it practically ceat-d to -xist after th 7"-ran to-German war of i7r'-71. After the amalgamation of th two internationals, the international gradually cea-ed to intern a tiona! .r.d becamo mor- .and more u. Pan 'e-uinn orgar.Lza i '::. Of th many proofs e-tabl'-himg th,!s f.ict, it ma noted that at its concrete resolution-' de nouncir..-th-rzar, demanding freedom for Hessian I'oUnd ar.c: i "inland v. ere readily a cepted and not on- was Carrie.: denouncing the tyranny of the kaiser an! demanding

part of th n-.achir. had a vikr p-oJl-ry thr f P-et -r-xid. v. :tl: a talustrado v-cth within and -vlthovt vhich "vas about three ff t hirh. T.v-e tsahin wt ii:l--..i l.tb". pound!. In th. r.iiddb of the arrfure thr w as ;.n iron gat" in . hich r.r w:; light--! " hpa 'he balloon began to rise. The person, in th wicker . :..'!!' - a- a- b b add fuel, straw and wa;i s?lrK -1 w n, r.j . th" :'r. r.f poil replenbihlr-ir. A lope r.ettir.g was place.1 feet above th gr c u rr" . acres- ;!, j.oint cf the proposed flight to prevent th dan-:. 1 of a iii-'lier flight. Jlozli- remained up

;our murales and second., agld RUCcesrfulIy .1:1 . mplish.e.l w hat th..- w orld had for centuries .iran1 and b tt tr.Tit ul m nln. From s-everal othr flieht? 1 B ..v.f mad" the. important discovery that the; machine obi 1 guided at tho pilot'? pleasure Inr Cit mere inert as" or decrease of lire. Kir.u Iioui- recognized th worth ot rA overic-s in aero-trat ion by a public procJarnatltin t appro; at ion u Iii-' h h issued in DvmVr. 17S3. Xjr that : an.e y a r. b.o ordere! that tu an ackr.owl'l5 uei:T of tu- v.nr'v -f the Montimlfier an obisl'.s'c trecte.i at Annonay on th" -T'Ot where tho Trst :on ascended. Tr. I S l the obelisk wa. conipletfyi. s( i:m; of nitsT asciinsiox. Phi!ud.'lp!ii.. was thro sc.i' of th firt 3s?treor. in Alio- .. .1 Abo-it tie- tim of the Mor.t,Tolrbr xir1:11. bt- in France, Blttenhous and ilopklns of Philadelphia, constructed and uo'sf ully flew a rr.achlno i7 small g is valloons w htch -a er attnehed to age. .lames Wilcox. .1. -a rpnter, rr.ad the tlnst rn'Trxn ü: this country. I '. "S, 17 Se. Approaching th S. huylkill river, the arpenter-balloonist rtw rvfmiA that h" miht fall. ?n punctured aecordir!?' to hi In--trurtion-s for a h.'iMy descent, three then Äv Tnorc of the balloons. He came down In suh a rmrry- thnt !,( disclocated his wrist in the. fall. Ascensions, oame. to be, of common orsurreTHt) in th early nineteenth century. On the ü 1 st of Septem br, IV1:'. Oarnerin, a FYenehman, astoni.shd th world v ascending to an altitudo of 1 0,ö' feet. II lropIed from that height and dsvended saf'y to earth in a parachute. Inning the- Ctvil war occalonaJ ascensions wfr made by observers from both tho Confederate and Union armies. The observations however, airo u r.d to but little ;is aepiautlcs --a -tili a generally unknown subject. Xot until the .irly eighties and nineties did fxrements in aeroplanes as we know such today, begin. Then gliiiers suddenly sprung into ptominene. giving birth to the idea of Bacon's long conceived proph--ey f a machine that would some day "beat the . like a bird." Prof, .aim's experiments at Notr pnn wer" among- th lirst conducted in this ountry. Hi attempts to fly -were followed hy the " hts, ehos, . omparatively recent suoes-es ;.ro well r,n. 1' he liberty motr but adds glory m their rhiements. the freedom of Danish Schleswig or Prussian Poland. r of Alsace. This w as notably the ;.ase at tlie lat meeting of the international held before- the war at Hale in FJ1L. (.i;itLN IMlilTNt'i: GKOV. i;ui ear the German influet.ee becarrw more ar.d uioie paramount in the international. V.ef-'iu? Germany wa. the only country that had it- agent-" all over 'lie world, aetively working ier this . nd. Tlie German militaiy authorities were th" only military authorities who had anything t gain by th spread in other countries of their own particular t rand of G-er-man sociali.-tn. Thus it wa.s .juite in tho interest, of the German army to spread Karl Marx'.-- celebrated -ayihg. "Worker-, of th" world, unit. ; yoa have only our chain- t lo-e- and ;oj hae a w or! i to gain," Why. then, should a worker fight for hi- country .sine !o has only his chains to preserve? What needs relating Is how dortrin'- presented iTi-ier the mantle of socialism but which urdeabtedl .veakn the -er.s. r.f national deft-nve were mJiufactured in Germany, though strictly and -"Ob dy for foreign exportation. " They wej. in planted in for-'gn ountrb-s. notably in Prance and Fr.glar.d bv Gimans. This was done, and carefully ior.c, many yeitr ..for.- the war. In Fncbtnd. n atabp, w- lid Karl Marx and Fr deric Fiigfd-. When'", er .1 m rnnt xit.-d tl; it d; i no rcadil- i' bl to i; rran ir.fluMv and guidance a spi: .u' or-'anine.) w it hin th'jt n'aiveiv.f tit or party. SHOW C.KJIMAV ASF'TR AT IONS. The Fng'I-li. ,"V ''.. v r- n''t 'piite ra.y to r.aJiigc. H. M. Hyndm.an ic a T'f'v'U'-t Fi clishm a r, who ill nor jejt up with for- .g; interference. ..s ,-or!--..',:'!:.-, .e had hardly sue-ee.ied jn rnMbMr.? th -oc'al democrat? t'-d. ration when Karl Alarm's Ivirh-f-r and her hu bai.d took a prominent part In p.rodu'ing a split within that, party. Today o-tte - ii"b ..ee?, r'-ent!y puMi'-h'i v Gertuan sr.-cial 1st f hem-elv,--. written by Karl .M nx at.d ; "1 ederic Fi,g - Ad-it --.n. h! Am-n in .c r.t Serg" on Jan. Ii. i In Nov.-m;- !'-:. nrd at other dat-. F. Fr.- I- make- l' ,-pp. a.- a." :f h" ha 1 siggrf-ted th" fe-:i.at.'u c-f tie- i;deper.d-r.t 1sl:0fiarty. He th' U indi ,,t - tr.a' ?. hop. -j : tFr' KeiHardie and th- ind j-'-r..k-nt labor r artv to :r-ak :T the organlz-ttions nad fail d t or.tr-!. r. lrmdy, :h serial democratic f. . b . tion a r d th- Fab. ii - It .rns strange t ;.-. th." 'ir.u.au ;. ti-natl'.r.a' -port socialism for they v.ul'. h'r. . w:,- of it ir. Germany should haVe lourd - -nanv i ; - i ;.e- throughrut the rrorld. It F d!:f:cui-. to t'-'-r. t;i:, - ol-!r the- result of a- 'rider.. Can .1. ::u- fortuitous r )nour" of oi rc arri'tftno's have induce.: many social -.yt44 to for ret the interest of .iern' ricv at. i '.f th:ountry? It is not nutural ;or b.era to .rc- ir.o '.- 'firman military ' -cap an-i .'.ud ?h - p.-. tor av;-v.pjti.-.nu Tl..- -Tep.- ;- ag ur.-t t.u- rr t ; t ir.-i;-b- r 1 f social!-: a. Knowing t!:a th irm.in ro rrr.rr. r. -;, :s mT lions of rnone- P gent, .pread a!! owe th world !- it net tr.'"-.. r.atu. al to v !; vo that P -rman g.! : nay at lea.-t ha'.o he!r-ed .. pro. lue. , r.d t" ro; .-g i'- - -.m.-xpted. :' it:;--: .. :n..r.;:" -tat:-:. . op.r.ion '.' in any ta.-o th- :. .h,ub! 1 : f tter ;.;-.:. . t- u.: -tance f.f tic d-in-'er b.-tt r ap; r--Lit-d. More .a:, : night then v I - t-a' the or. t.o ,-.f I c ... .1 . i , 1 , ' 1 : . ar.tu.-e of r,. ri! ;-. , . .. -t.-o . I ' ; r t'c , . 'j.-v .