South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 245, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 2 September 1917 — Page 13

SOUTH

REND

NEWSfTIMES

Section 3 CONTENTS EdltorlM Conrr.er.t, fVhool P Woiian'd Section nn1 Othr Ii turcs cf General Intercut.

VOL. XXXIV, NO. 245. WLANt1:l SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1917. vi-ai-kr -oKHr. mjn: PRICE, FIVE CE.n I

7 STRIKING OFF THE SHACKLES OF ROMANOFF AUTOCRACY (concluded.)

Las

On Wednesday the commandant of the palace at Ta.ir?ke Selo telephoned to the president of the executive commit?'-" and requited that measures he taken to restore order in TsarsYcoe Seio, and especially In the district of the palace. At the order of the exp uti c committer tv.o members of the duma were -er.t to Tvirsko-. All detachments of tho T.-arskoo garrison were ordt r i by the executive e inmi!!''" is remain in their pi u c and maintain order. As the people began to gain the- upper hand the "dark forces" began other tar ties than straight fighting. Sensation after -sensation was created by the appearance on the- streets of black automobiles without lights. From these mysterious motor car.- aimed bandits fired in men, women and children, woundJig and killing many. Sometimes the cars appeared on the Izmallovsky, iTo-pect sometimes n the deserted quay of the AptekarsKy Ostroff, and in otljer outlying parts of the city. Some of these ears were armed with machine puns and the havoc was friuhtful where they swung into a thoroughfare of women nnd children and "cut loose". When the police in Petrograd saw that the revolutionists had the upper hand they, in turn, hecaine terrorized and sought by every means to escape the vigilance of the "red-caps." In one instance, I saw an apparently harmless funeral procession passing through the street. It was stopped by a numl er of soldiers. Questioned regarding tho identity and destination of the corpse, the driver of the hearse replied: "Why do you stop us?" The soldiers answered: "We are looking for policemen who aro trying to ei-cape." While this conservation was taking place one of the party of soldiers had lifted up the Ud of the casket and discovered Hierein, not a supposed corpse, but a full crown rosv-ohoek-ed policeman. Immediately he called the attention of Bevern 1 of his friends to the faet, who. sojpg their rifles thrust their bayonets through the casket several times, with the following remark: ".Now von may proceed with your funeral." Amidst grewsome scenes, as one commonly ci attending a revolution, there are many things occurring which are uncommonly ludricrous as in the case, of a policeman trying to escape in the disguise of a woman. In his hurry, either through lack of time or negligence, he had forgotten to shave off his mustache. This led to his detection and death. nioTiNc; p.ffomfs ;i:.m:i;.l. Rioting spread to every part of the city. Fvorvono was armed. Hvery conceivable weapon was broutrnt into action. Here a recruit trying to shove machine mm cartridges into an ordinary army rifle. Women were very instrumental in arming the men. The bad evidently hidden arms and ammunition months in advance "for just such an emergency. It was a common sight to pee a woman rush up out of a basement with an arm full of army rifles and distribute them among the soldiers. Women were much in evidence during the entire battle and fought side by pldo with the men. Tn all cultured State of P.. Trope the social democrats have comparative!) lone; since obtained fho rieht of citizenship and as the chief leaders and organizers of the laboring classes and popular mas'-es play one of the most important roles in public and state development. Only in Uussia was a filiation with the soualiS party until recent tims otbeially deemed a Ferious state crime for which people were exiled to a frigid and hungry death in the polar desert of the Kara territory and northern Siberia. This attitude of the TJussian autocratic government to its political opponents compelled Russian socialists to retire underground and there, remote from the gaze of ordinary legal observers, conduct a propaganda of their ide.is. That is why the colossal labor of Kussian social democrai y remained unno ticed not only for.icner but een by 1 1 ' i - i 1 1 1 pn'di. workers, who recognized only legal eonfli.t with th Russian autocracy. They were organizing tlie people and proving that not by verbal resolution.-; and admonitions, but only by real strength could Kus ia be emancipated from the yoke of inveterate depot -ism. They were preparing the people: mobilizing their more active elements, workmen and soldiers for a resolute life and death struggle with immemorial autocracy. The Russian locral workers also did not Ftispeet the tremendous revolution that had been wrought in the consciousness of the Russian people. Thus, Rodzlanko, the pro- nt chairman of the eeutive committee, having no conception of tho strength iind cüscipllne of the I?usian prolotriat. until the last moment feared the popular movement and"pray--d Cod that responsibility should not fall upon the Tsar." Professor Miliukov. the leader of the party M irs. It 13 a conglomeration of smells, sights and sounds. It is a motley gathering of people, produce and prosperity. It's a boon and perhaps it is also something of a bother. In short, it South Heed's city market. That It if the conglomeration spoken of i like a postulate In ceometry It rc-iulres no proof, one takes it for granted. Smells there are in pnty such a gathering together of produce, both animal and vegetable could not but cause some olefaetory disturbance. People and produce are mlngUl, sometimes in an almost Inextricable mass, as in such a case when mother brinK"3 little Johnnie (age one year) down to market v Ith her. and uses his baby carriage as a market basket. The result, as you may or may not have noticed, is a heap of 5vveet corn, potatoes, lettuce, tomatoes, beets, and banana., with the dirty-faced but triumphant little Johnnie lording it over the whole business. Whether it Is a l oon it a bother, depends largely on the point of view, and also on the extent of the inforzrvatlon with which one i furnished. The long standing price question is a matter for editorial discussion; urf"ce it to that iv.ar. of the farmers feel justif.e! in asking prices e;ual. r nearly, to those of the retail grocers. Most of them, in the belief 0f many, ask prices which are too hUh. , - or.siderir.g the fact that city taxpayers provide the market, but there are a few who ?et prices on their produce about h ilf-way b- tw ren he wholesale and r tail ju u . which is fair to everycr.e. i:vi:itv tvpi: i pki sfnt. In going to marke in s;o:th 1". r.d, a well as in other cites, one corn's in ov.:.ut with r. early e sort and type of person. An arti-t or 'O.l'st could br.d entlmaterial for ins nation in t!o short b-ngth of the Colfax Avenue r.!ge n t.iarket ,! iv. From children to aged, men and womce. the hun.a n rn is repre.-jited In almost every phase Tbxe U LLe "ti-pic-1" farmtr that i-. tpi.al of tiie

Sunday the Author Detailed the :

J' r i A ' - A. m S S 1 I J i n ii VI'". 7' r ' ' mm- .- " f '

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The inscription in sweeping Russian cbirography Just below the center and at the right of this document i the lat permission of any sort issued !y the old regime of Nicholas Romanoff. The reproduction shows tht. i.n k of Ir. pinvner's passport, liberally stamped and vised. The inscription referred to was Dr. Downer' 1 i i :. i ::-: ti to leave Kussia. issued on Tuesday of the revolutionary week, just before the autocratic governmen t l't control entirely.

of constitutionalists and present minister for foreign affairs, had no conception of how widely tho Sin i: l'sis had alre:'d;- diffused republican ideas, and .:i (ho tirst day of the revolution announced that instrad of ;he dethroned Nicholas II. Russia would bo ruled by tile heir of the throne. Alexis. The proletariat of course immediatelv instructed the ncwlv Goes ones ( ity folks' idea of w hat a farmer should be with his lorn; whiskers and his wide-brimmed straw hat. There is t J i - "typical" farmer's wife, in her faded blue sunbonnet, and with a big leather purse of ancient manufacture doing duty as a (ash register. Then there is the "typical" farmer's daughter like a smaller nnd slightly more up-to-date edition of her mother, and the "typical" farmer's boy a chip off the old block, with the exception of the whiskers and the inevitable "plug"' both, of which he will acquire in due time. In addition to these. th re is the graduate of Purdue, or some other school for the teaching of agriculture. How car. one tell these? Fasy. Many of them (there are only a few who appear on the market) wear the sweaters they wore at college, and a big "P" or "M" or other letter tells wllere they learned to get a living from Mother Farth. There is the business farmer v ho comes to tow n looking like a city man, w ith the exception of the coat of tan which very few city men have and then only following a two weeks' alseefrom the otfice. IU VFUn AUF YARIFGATFD. So much for the sellers. The buyers present a still more variegated study of humankind. Small children, carrying baskets or pulling wagons, seeking to pick up ;i stray dime or quarter in acting as auxiliary delivery service, are in evidence so much so that at times it he-comes the duty of the market master always a busy man on market day to tell the young promoters to take their conveyances to the ether side of the bridge. th re to wait for customers, dirls and boys who com down to market for mother, wives and mother, who come to market themselves, because they can pick out the best of everything that way. are also to be seen. Pnusual sights are not unusual at the market. One can expect to see almost anything, and not be dis.ipju.iT ted. What would you n girl in evening dress buying potatoes' She pn, r.rf.n f.n on tje city market.. A newly-married couple, with the beaming .hus

Y

Events Leading Up to the Revolution By Dr. Earl B. Downer, Red Cross Surgeon

r 2S i ' .

y I . ' v . - ' I ' . i arisen minister, and under the enlightened influence of simple workmen and soldiers the professor swiftly changed his front and probably to his own astonishment his alicady unfuricd the republican standard. The "red-caps" had captured several machine uns from the police, and these they had mounted on hush

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Out to Beat the

Sidelights on South Bend's City Market By William K. Grimm

band proudly escorting his wife through the crowd, and tarrying the basket? That, too. is seen at times. ne can get a ood insight into human nature by visiting the market, .ome folks, disciples of Hoover, go the entire length of the market before they make any purchases, learning of various prices and qualities which are available. Others buy of the first seller they come to, and are sorry shortly after, nearly nine times out of ten. The city market is different from most places where foodstuffs are to be purchased, in that so many different qualities and prices are to be found in such close proximity. This is because the produce Is gathered not only from all parts of this county, but many of the producers come from Laporte, Goshen, or even from far to the north of Niles. there b?ing many Michigan licenses on the motor cars lined up on market day. By xoing the length of the market, making inquiries, one can soon tind out what the regular market-goer knows that one can usually get a better price than is apparent at the tirst attempt. In order to really tell of South Bend's city market In a way other than a cut-and-dried recital of facts and statistics, let us imagine that we follow Mrs. Jones, and listen to all she has to say. Mrs. Jones, as we shall call her. is but a typical woman. She has a charge account at the corner grocery, but that does not prevent her from buying at the city market, in an effort to provide her family with fresh vegetables and other produce without over-burdening the pocketbook of the head of the house. HOW .MR?. JOXKS MAUKI7TS. The way Mrs. Jones goes at her marketing may not be the most eiheient way. but we are only spectators, and not financial adviser. So, instead of consulting such information as may be available in the advertising and market columns of the newspaper, she takes her basket and her pocketbook. and teu.llic-3 forth ia a

and the Activities of the First Few

T T 4 - t... M V - VC -7 PT: ' 4 Vdi 6V Revolutionary ddiers d!ihnt; up 'dack hrcad cbtained from Iootintr publio l-uiblings. auto trucks. Sometimes there were as of these guns on one truck. Wherever shooting occurred by the the various parts of the city and the on thesniiers, riddling the buildings. m a n v a six rolice. from -un trained After the shooting from the roofs had been silenced the buildings were rapidly surrounded by soldiers and a room to room search was made. Sometimes the police were not discovered. Then the building was promptly s,,t on jjrP arHi thus its victims were driven forth, often being forced to jump three and lour stories to be dashed to pieces on the pavement below, or. if they still showed signs of life, they were trampled to death. The police held out stubbornly fighting to the finish as they had been informed they would receive reinforcements from the front. Troops were rushed back from the front, but they either turned back, refusing to lire on the people, or else they mutinied and went over with the revolutionists. Fighting alone, the odds were too great for the police. Had it not been for this stubborn resistance, there would have been very little blood shed. When the crowd got the upper hand of the police, this great surging mass of humanity hurled itself against the prisons, an avalanche of hatred and vengeance. Keys were taken from the officials. Officials, if an remained, were killed. (Joing from cell to cell, the revolutionists liberated each prisoner, both criminal and political. In their haste they did not take time to distinguish and. in their state of frenzy, did not (are whom they liberated. This same mob spirit spread to the remote regions of Siberia. Today there are bands of criminals roving at large over the plains of Siberia. Everybody has a "clear slate" in Russia. On my way out of Russia it. was necesary to have guards stationed on the Trens-Siherian Kxpress. in order that the passengers would receive protection against these roving mai au ders. After the prisoners bad been released and were free of the building, the jails were set on fire. While this was in progress all police records, such as idenification slips, finger marks, etc.. were piled by the tons in the streets and burned. In their excitement to destroy all evidence, they not only destroyed all police records but also wills, deeds, and many other valuable legal documents and archives. Today a resident of Petrograd will have great difficulty In proving the ownership of his property. When order was restored a proclamation was sent from the duma to the effect that no political prisoners need return and give themselves up. But if the criminal., should return they would have to serve only one-half of their former sentence. Needless to say. few availed themselves of this generous offer. CMTIIIN; IS CONFISCATED. After the prisoners had been released, the crowd marched on tho various homes of the ministers of the old regime, broke into the houses, and there they found tons of provisions and clothing stored away. These were promptly taken in charge and sent to central store-houses, where they were distributed to the poor. Then these homes were destroyed. The headquarters of the reactionary organization, "The Black Hundreds," were raided by soldiers who found an immense quantity of "provocative" literature, as well as arms. The literature was thrown out of the windows and burned in the street. I aw the apartments of Tr. Oubrovln, lender of the old tinion of the Russian people, searched. All the archives and affairs, forming: an enormous quantity, were brought to the Tauride palace. About 4 p. m., Feb. 2th. the admiralty, where

4.

"Food Gamblers

determined fight on th; "food gamblers," who she verily believes are represented by the proprietor of the abve mentioned co-ner grocery. Her first impression of the market tends to shake her belief. "Are rotatces that much?" she inquires, incredulously. "Yes'm. Can't raise 'em for less." Mrs. Jones doesn't know that the same producer I perfectly willing to take a considerably smaller amount from the proprietor of the corner grocery that ia, providing be can't get his price on the market. She Is also ignorant of the fact that the chances are even that she can buy the same potatoes a couple of hours later from the same vendor at a reduced price, and so she p:the producer the amount he a?ks. and Ins the peckbeg pardon, the 15 pounds of potatoes poured into hr basket. (A new ruling of the state makes it illegal o sell v egetables other than by weight). She continues through the throng, dodging baby carriages, canes, and other things not designed for uo exclusively in a crowded thoroughfare. Here and ther ?he eneounte-s someone carrying a chicken wrong s'de up, or carefully balancing a large watermelon tinder one arm. while the other is ooeupied in holding a combined assortment of market basket, morning paper, pocketbook and other things. Mrs. Jor.es is determined, as above noted, to down ih "food gamblers." and since there u still pPn - of room in the basket, anl still some chancre in her p ars--. she looks about for othr pro-luce. Carrots. t-eet. ('- ry. turnip?-', peas, beanv. every egf table known t" local growers. i? offered. And since all look c0 tempting, all being tresh. you understand. he buys a little of each. mii:lh;iit on thi: m hki.t. ts. Jones is there for business; sh doesn't lookever the bridge rail to see the sparkling writer be"o-.v her, :.or bc the boys there trying, to fish in the i-hadaA

Days.

the members of the old srovernme-nt had benj cea'ed. was ocvupbul hv the national troops. 1, ll o'clock there vw-re three, companies of the Irr cvsky reg:m'n and xuiie mour.:-j artillery cava'.rv in th admii !ty. After 1 clock troops, who had bo n on th :do o tho oia re icft the adnr.raltv ard wo.: h-r:v ministers wh had r. r. ).:)':v.iz !h"re admiraitv. After this' fie fron V The officers' club or. the I.itania. the officers te1,, the Astor'.a. arid many otior place, went or one as the angry mob swe t over them. Then lowed the arrest, of tho various members of th recime. They wore carried on by the wholethose unfortunate resisting were promptly kllle. AKIll.sTS. The min;!r!.il pavillion of the Tmiiide ju is tilled with prisoners of high rnnV addition to I. G. Sheglor'.tof f, arrfed Fob. : there were arrested on the 2th. and brvriKht convoy, the following: V, V. Stuermer. former president of th cm: of mini-ters. The former nsi.tant t" the nn1.er of ?h Inteii Protopopoff. Lieut.- (general P. (I. Kurtoff. Y Kx-minister of Health Department, C. K. Rien. J (Teneral M. S. Komjssaroff. Assistant Minister of Ways of Communication, N' I).,l.-r.ff Chief of Railway Administration. S. R. Rogf.hofj Creneral Zabelln. Chief of the Military FMucatlnrvf Institutions. ( The Petrograd chief of police (CI radjor.a-chain Ctl Major Ien. P.alk. J (Jeneral MakaMnoff. Chief of Military MnKc Academy. Vice Admiral ICartreff. Admiral C,1ers. Innumerable secondary 'officials of-" the. rvm !n!rtm tion and of the polico. At this stage of tho revolution, evrrryttirif practically in the hands of tho pooplo. ThA jiropopition was to bring order out of chaos, tj wa accomplislied as suddenly as the revDlutioi can. Prnrln m.i tiorm circulars n.nd nvTTnT,r thrown to the people In the street? -the fre over printed in Russia. Thes. told of the- pvontl the jr.st four days. When the tirst Moscow- pa; reached Petrograd they were sold at fantAfJtle pxl running up to 100 roubles. "Whn the "IU:ss Slovo" was sold out, the last copy waq sold at aurt for lO.noo roubles on the Nevsky Protect. M MFRors apphals writi: sfat huoaijoa similar to Tin: FOLimi; ppiil of ti orncr,us To Tin: soi.inn:s. 111 r 11 A nun i; .su mi i :t t um i ;n j . jit n mi r in u i . . . i t rri. - aw a. peoples liberty nas amveu. hip army, iieer ai ieople have together with you hoisted the saer banner of freedom. "And we, your comrade? at th front, were- in. tnittl' facing ueain we nave r;pifn our riapiim oi jrt hovn like vnu Hvon mr blood and m1Ml it. w!tJ yours on the field of battle. "Relieve us, the freedom of our country H for i' dearer than anything else. Only free Rucsia can break the German forces. Remember that the sal vation and victory of Russia lie; in our mutual con it muTiiai cor which f us a trrV fidence and unison. '"And the old autocratic government two rears has not been able to give us torv for Russia over its enemies let it di? forever "We. with you, dlard it with curnes "Comrade soldiers. ro not throw awnv vour Thev are necessary her, and In th trench, to Ftop looting, keep orflT, return to your regi: to take up the friendly work with v.". To n'lr regret, both among officers and Foldierp, there been traitors to the country's ause, and from traitorous hands there hav heen many t!m amr the fighters for Ubrety. "Let us give all our energies tr our wmmon dn for the tsako of final victory over our onrmiofi at front, as also tho?o In the rear. "Iyong llvo free and great Itusfrfa." After the executive committee vd hepn dra up it was necessary to pollen tho city. This was eoniplished tiv a militia. CITY M7L1TIA. The temporär- exekutiv rommttteo of th nation duma entructed tho members of the city duma A. Kryjanovsky. with tho organisation of rnunicip;. militia. I-lsts of Ftudentrt wore drawn ur, from al coNTiNT;i-:n os iwnn ti:n). of the bridge che notice none of th things. It Is nly the casual market-goer, there r.ot to buy, but for some other rea.-.on p-rhips a report r ther- to V.r. I out prices for the day, that t-( tho-o. Mrs. jo-r.es ni.c a lot cf Interesting sights, but Mr-. Jor s is only typic-1 of the vat majority of those that after. . the m i-Kft. Folks living on the rast s',;,, ff the n.r. who c'ne to work by way of th'- Ifax rid. put out (to On;:" rrorn the expr-s: . Ti re s o : . . ' s r ' V ,. f . teiii-' of them i hv the f.Kt that the r'.dge w hi' I: they " Is utilized as a market place. Son.e of them r:)'br their way indignantly through he cro-.v.J. irianr.g at evervbody In Mght. whib others , thr- ugh a-vl n ' T her s I' , a joy ti.rf? sight.- of the mark-t. ;:r.d s treet and cross th th. - o :- of th-! brid: e. To many of i s, the, rrark t :dv money can bo exchanv d for fresh f.trr-i ;s the ordinär-' citizen's si 1 of it. To , f r ! i e wh r r"d !:e, tfia t a , t h rr. a r k t is the place where the pvtr.g com . . . a . . - l i . : . o - dufc-'s sid. To a still smaller r.urnvr, th- city rr nrk'-t is a place of infinite infre:. ; -aus- it ha'::::'g a 1 yet ever th 'tme; It or.S.a r.t.y prc'"uts r.-v fa. . new f.üf? ar.d vet. ab r- t: obi !'-.. Ar d in. . i t r.amed n';mbT cf peo; p. can " included th" vcterate market roer---. some of them with Prg whtt beard-. who ask qu ior.s r.nd ample fruit, and d n't buy any thi t;g. I'. i-rht there where that '.r1 i- is w.'-t1 thu 'ory choubl eud. tut it's cruel to ae Mrs. .r.nN at th :. arkt . ir h her backet i ; cf h tt we'll get h-r bom'' before v quit. Mr.-- Jon . w ary from carry in. th" : ,: "k-. er:t-i he kitrh- n do. jr. ar.d pl.cs the .t-ket -'rru!-.- n th 'i.it.'b.en t.' '.. .'s '! S " " '. e -s what she! do v. .fh i' all. At t.oon Mr. J"r before h.m. th