South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 209, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 28 July 1917 — Page 8

THE SUU m BEND NEWS-TIMES

era 1

AGRICULTURE SST3 CSTOCK-RAISING

Wake up!

Practical Pointers of Timely Interest

'MARKET PROBLEMS

L.oultrymen; Chickens Grow Quick PROVING SERIOUS

Ht Rotiert .rnitrnnr.

Writer and Ux;rrt pouitrym.in. "The supremo ncfl of otir nation is an aburvlmi-f of foo'J:-tuffs. Without abundant fooi. alik for the umies and ijcophs nou at war, the vl ole great "ntfrrri-e upon, which wc hne emturked will break down and fnil. Li on thf farmers of this OMntry therefore, in laTKe measure. rct the fate - of tho war and the I; te of the nation.." '.'hi? eTfact from th prrj-kl "tit's wiemor.iSIe up;val to hi countrymen U as vital, perhaps. as his Kreat mf.-.iRC to conrf5s wherein he stated: "The world must he l .adc .safe for democracy."

Ncvr before In the hi-?ory of Ar.icvica, if in the history- of t)ie v,or!t, has there heen firh a fcrave :e?pcr.?iLllity laid at tho door of -rri ulture. We must avert a famine. No ta.sk has ever been in-t-piretl by a more worthy Incentive. I r consequence we are stirred to rert every ounce of energy and tax every resource to increase the food supply, ot the least of our reyourrc is poultry raising. The worM'r meat supply is probably the lowest of all food reserves. It Is a?.o the hardest to rPtabllsh, because It requires the longest time. On tri Is account poultry culture offers the greatest opportunity. No branch of live tock can be prown in les fIme than poultry and epps. No kind of meat 13 more wholesome and 'ruytalnlnff. No other variety of Ftock is po widely proun under such varying circumstances. No phase of animal husbandry requires uch a rnall Investment to frtart, or responds so well to tho care of Inexperienced hands. Therefore, no preater opportunity Is open to

everyone with a small plot of pround to respond to the president's appeal thin to rafce a flock of fowls. It combines patriotism with protU. and Is healthful and interesting at the same time. No l.ettfr Ttatlon Tlmrt Table Scraps. Xotwithstandlnc the value of the poultry products in this country amounts to almost a billion dollars annually, which would seem to indicate that the preater part of this enormous output is produced by specialty farms operated on a large scale, it is a fact that the most Important source of this eupply lies in the fame flock flocks maintained in the backyards and on general farms as Fide lines. Incidentally, it should be borne most profitable by far, because in most cases the products therefrom are in reality by-products. It may seem dlscourapint to contemplate raLvinp stock at a time like this In view of the hiph prices of rain. Hnt this condition should not atf.ct the keeper of a small flock. On every farm and in almost every household there is MitTulent waste food and other products to maintain a Ftnall flock of fowls, if only a dozen hens. It Is estimated that s t $700,000.000 is dumped Into c rirnn parbape cans every year, .h. k of it. almost a billion dollars thr wn away, for no reason except lac of Intelligence. indifference, pro reelect, prodlpality. Is it any woi It that we are looked upon as the most extravnpant people on earth? Is there any renson why we should not b exhorted to economize? Tconomy in this case does not mean paving and hoarding, but

cor.5orvinp. Iloardlnp is the worst

condition that can happen to us. since it makes for stapnatlon and lack of Industry. Cons-nation, on

th ether hand, enables us to pet the most from ovr efforts. and st'Tulat- prosperity. That is what IVes't W ilson meant when he enjoined v.3 to "Correct our unpardonable fault of wastefulness and rxtravasmnce. r,tryone With flmuml Should j temporal. The rasiet and most practical method o? elhnlnatlntr the waste that recurs in the j'arl npe can is to feed it to a .look f chickens. Iarpe

n erfaßt is not required. The oppor-;

tmdty Is open to everyone with a backyard or srr.nll plot of pround. With n small amount of intelligent care fowls caii be reared successfully in rloso (n,.i,in"mrnt. All that is nci'pss.iry is to rivf them sanitary juHters. fiesh air. proper food, w.iter and an opportunity to exercise. Wlnt could be simpler than the a! inr? Sanitaiy quarters is a matter of cleanliness; fre?h air is abun1 int. and merely requires that it be t:: M c-.trance to the poultry house wi'k'Mt serious draft; water is illy abundant; proper fooil rnn-yi-ts of a reasonable variety of nutnr.ts table scraps, a little prain an ! around meals; the opportunity f..r -er. i.- does r.ot m-a:t civinp a I'cf'i access to a larpe tield. nor et a I. tri:" yard, though the-f-e are best

vr l:.n!iiji::;ii iij 1 i i '.Si !iiÄ!iii liülliiiliUÜi;;! 3 n : Hi ! U : ill'!: !i ! i. !l M 1

. .r iRi:!i: A A

Office of Markets and Rural Organizations Facing Issue of Immediate Importance.

WHITE ASEEL

The White Aseel is one of the oldest races of fowls. Historians claim this is the fowl whose battles are alluded to in the "institutes" of Mena, 1,000 H. C. Aseel" in an Arabic word meaninp "hiph caste." The rulers of India bred this fowl for liphtinp. and to this day both sexes are extremely combative. Aseels are known in black, blackred, white, pray, spangles, speckles and mottles, but the lirst three are

penerally accepted as the distinct

varieties. In 18"i0 or thereabouts the people of Cornwall, Knpland, using the Ulack Red Aseel and some of the local fowl, evolved the Dark Corn

ish. Others using the White Aseel in like manner produced White Cornish fowls. The latter, while partaking in a general way of the hupe muscular formation of its Aseel progenitor, proved to bo a most excellent table fowl. Aseel fowls in America are bred only for ornamental purposes. They have never become popular here probably because the females are poor layers. Aseel fowls weigh live pounds for females and six pounds fer males, and in this respect suffer in comparison with the Cornish fowls, theii desi-enda nts. which run from six t eight pounds for the females and eight to 11 pounds for males.

H hei e fcasil !e. n.ade to e.voroNe t ht :r ho-ise. m h 4 1 h tb. s r a t c h

!'T- t'r.i-- err" purpose, a-.iti tfi " feeder can win. h 1- de.-ipned ta c:-e. )Vr!iars thi is

üb1? as rar.pe In an orchard, but it is ,i p.vid substitute, just as the in-d'-or gyr- na si um t- a g"l substitute l-r tb. r.. n who wants to keep in ;,h:M Ml ti:.n and who h.as not the opportunity if th tenr.is court. Vneba!l di.imon'., pf lir.bs and otbr ( itdoor sport". In th- f !;,'! r p paragraph we f.i rl' "'u '1 o:i' otba r necessity -dirt, for du si baths. t mibb tlie hens tr c --i tci 'M"' hri. This. too. is- in Jtl'-'l'vl'i'-c atld :islb ptiCll-d. r . ' 1 1 ! o i ' l'l a e s-- - f lio pf ni'clv. 'Int to iir,d th f r jn b pi..ard. otrr shells to Bupply ilme for the cs?a. and a lit-

Chickens can be on the floor of deep litter, into

prains are thrown

r. an aube installed, induce exerr.ot si desir-

tle charcoal to keep the digestive organs sweet, are the other essentials to be supplied in small quantities and which may be procured at the supply houses at a cost that is negligible. Table Seraps Not Garbage. The idea of feeding garbage to a flock of chickens may intrude on the penslbilities of some. thouph it is deemed a common practice with pips. The idea, however, is more apparent than real. We prefer to use the term "table scraps" anyhow, since there is a difference between the two. Celery tops and the tops of beets and ether vegetables, the outer leaves of lettuce and cabbape, vepetable parings, stale bread, ends of meat left-overs of cereals and Four milk are none the less edible because they are such. They have lost nont" of their value as food, except that they no longer appeal to the human taste. When fed to a flock of chickens they are greatly relished. The fact that table scraps are a mixture of odds and ends gives them their chief virtue, which is a balanced ration. Properly fed. and by that we mean fed in a sweet wholesome condition. there is no better food in the world for poultry.

Fowls fed on table scraps Invariably do better than those given a single grain ration. The reason for this is perfectly plain: the fowl's system, like the human taste, requires variety. No one article of food will maintain health and vigor. For a small backyard flock the table

scraps from the average household should supply half the food required. With the addition of a neighbor's table scraps, who. perhaps, is unable or unwillinp to keep a flock of fowls, almost the entire blll-of-fare can be furnished. Point oil Paragraphs For the IleginiHrExperience has demonstrated that males in the pens reduce the total epp yield for the year. Furthermore, they are likely to impair the quality of the epps. for infertile epps keep better than fertile ones. Then, too, there is the cost of maintaining surplus males. At a time like tills only the producers should be kept. Non-producers should be consigned to the "block" as meat. As soon as the breedinp season is over, "swat the rooster." Keep only enough young cockerels for the next breeding time. Remember, that a hen's temperature is 10 1-2. and man's. .1-5. Therefore. it is plain that they should not be housed alike. Too much sunshine is just as bad as not enouph. If the yards are Wiihout natural shade, such as trees or shrubs, artificial shade must be jiovided. Hoards, an old awning, canvas or burlap sacks can be improvised nicely. Water is worth just as much as feed in epp production. Then hen can't make an epp with either one alone. Moral: Tf the hen's focvd

bill is worth Sl.oO a year, that price, also, is the alue of the water Mil. Think this over; the egg is about 7" percent water.

ECONOMICAL WAYS TO CONVERT CORN FODDER INTO MEAT AND MANURE

The most economical way of handling corn j.tovc-r is to put it into the silo. If pel erally adopted, this practice would end a warte throuph w roup methods that now amounts to ::ö per cent of all tho stover fed. sajs the United States department of auriedture. It would

Put common storape houses for

i apples and potatoes in shape. Make

such improvements now. Do not put this matter off until harvest time. .Make arranpements now for the handling of your perishable fruit or vegetable harvesting arranpements, especially as regards labor, picking and packing-house foremen, and have packing houses in order. Have crate and hox material on hand. Make every possible provision for the proper and careful handling of perishable produce. If preeoolinp facilities are available, have them in shape for handimp the maximum capacity, efficiently ami quickly. Ilemember we must conserve as etfioiently as possible all the food products produced. The farmer will do his sharp only if he exercises every care in his handling, picking, and lacking operations so as to eliminate all possible waste in transportation, as on the care exercised in handling depends largely the condition of the produce when it reaches the market. sliipMT and Carrier. Heavier loading of cars will be necessary if all our perishable crops are to be moved to market. To prevent undue deterioration, there must be full cooperation between shippers and carriers. The shippers can aid greatly in making possible the successful movement of our perishable food products, thi'ouph more careful attention to handling, to maturity of product at time of harvesting, to the securing of quick cooling by cool i ight temperature, by precooling or nick handling to refrigerator ears. and last but not least, to proper

j stowing and bracing in the car to facilitate quick refrigeration and

j provide safety of lading from break !

ape in transit. inie attention to i proper strength ef packages is also j essential. j It is not suMicient for the fruit and j vegetable growers simply to order j their shipping packages in advance, j The manufacturer should be direc t- j ed to ship them at the earliest pos- j sibl" date. Unless this is done it is ;

crops as apples, potatoes, cabbape, art! onions. More attention might also be paid to the conserving of root crops, such as turnips. Lvery precaution should be taken to eliminate waste and loss due to decay. Write for Information. Producers who are not already in touch with the United States bureau of markets should write to that bureau to find out if there is any way in which information which is at the disposal of various projects can be of benefit to them in the marketing of their crops. In addition to the market news service, which is maintained regarding meat, hay and grain end the proposed market news service for dairy products, it is probable that daily market bulletins will be issued during August on the followingfruits and vegetables: White potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions, apples, pears. cantaloupes. watermelons, grapes, peaches, celery, and dried beans. Among other reports which are published more or less regularly by the United States bureau of markets and which should be of considerable value to producers may be mentioned: Weekly Carlot Summary. Weekly Market Review, Storage Report?. At present storage reports are being issued monthly on butter, ease eggs, frozen eggs, cheese. lar1, frozen and cured meats, and frozen poultry; semi-monthly and later monthly reports of cold storage holdings of apples will be 'issued beginning not later than October.

EVERYBODY

Wake up i

t

i ...... .

Place at the iispos;.! of the farmer proi.abie mat in man sections uio

growers will be witnout packages when the harvesting season nrries.

an enormous mass ot roughage to cheapen the to.-t of producing meat and to maintain soil fertility in tho most economical of all ways by the production of manure. That tho value of stover as feed is recognized to some extent is indieated by the fact that M.f per tent of what is produced is fed in some way. Frequently, however, it is not the right way. For instance, such practices a.s "pulling the fodder," or

"topping

storage space should be arranged for even thouph it requires additional handling. Careful (railing. It is of the utmost importance that fruits and vegetables be carefully graded before being shipped to the markets. The high cost of production makes this of greater importance this year than ever before.

the diseased with the

liinnini?

Vrt t fr im wit n f tin lif An.

ful. but approximated ;:o per eat : r' , V V i .i ,.. u .l"Hy matured specimens, and failure

oi manu cai coin in iiaiimvu in ouv.i . ., ., . ..

I ' i oi Ii u l in iitn i ii iv

There are two general systems of feeding ground grains, commonly known as the "wet mash" and "dry mash" systems. The virtues of each are disc-jssed in next week's article.

of these two ways. Tbc stalks that are left standing in the field are pastured, plowed under, or burned. Te burn stover is a crime a gains' intelligent agriculture for which :t is difficult to find any explanation except eibstinate ignorance on the part f the perpetrator. It offers a ejuick and easy method of cleaning

the ground for plowing, but that ist

a small offset for the waste of good

material. Plowing under and pasturing are better, but they also involve some waste. On the other hand, ensiling the stover means that its feeding is utilized to the full. A quantity of roughace iE provided which lessens the need for expensive concentrate-? and makes the production of meat more prol.table by lowering the cost of manufacture, obviously, this Is a stimulus to the keeping of live stock, which from every point of view is most desirable. In prtptiring stover for leedin". . hopping or shredding increases its palatibility and enal les a greate: quantity to be stored in a given space. Felh of these methods, however, in oe the use of additional labor and can only be recommended when labor and power are ehea; and abundant. Cuttinr and shocking, on the o'her hand, involve some waste, but in general this is offset by the saving in labor. No matter how it is prepared, corn stoxer, with a little grain or other concentrate, is an excellent . oughace for wintering cattle, especially mature breeding cows. In some sections it is the sole reiughage used for this purpose. In others oat straw is added.

A pew device in eflicier.cy is a Iih'K hich. stationed at a central point in a factory, rcord- the time eo-h machine tn the plant is running.

STATE FAIRS VOLUNTEER

AS FOOD TRAINING CAMPS Representatives of the American Association of Fairs and Expositions, in convention at Washington have tendered to the government through the secretary of agriculture the services and appliances of the state fairs as foodtraininj camps to promote food production, food conservation, effective marketing, live stock pi eduction, and more efficient agriculture. A. L. Sponsler. Hutchinson. Kxs.. ?s president of the association, at a meeting at the department of agriculture, pointed out that these fairs annually have an attendance of fifteen to twenty million people, and stated that the association was ready to set aside as many of the fair activities as possible to bring the government's programs of food onservat'on and production to the attention of this audience, and to demonstrate methods of eoorerating effectively In national measure

to classify the

various demands, result in deterioration. deeay, and inefflcient distNbu j tion. The unmerchantable and in- ; ferior grades should be converted into by-products, or discarded, and the good fruit or vegetables separated into classes according to their quality, in order to minimize contamination and therefore prevent waste;

I as well as to reduce the cost of mar- j i i. ... i I

KCl 1 life. j An example of the effect of poor ! grading can be seen in the marketing j of the early potatoes. Poor grading ! to a large extent caused the glutting j of the market and consequent loss to the producers, dealers, and all j concerned. j CHierative Shipping. j Shipping organizations can pool the I output of their members and load i cars of some commodities to full capacity for large markets. Cars j should be loaded and unloaded by i-nippers in the shortest possible time, and any work in regard to di- ; version of ears in transit should re- ; i'uce delay as much as possible. Southern growers should stud ( Uta published by the bureau of crop , tstunates with a view to determining w hat northern crops seem to be short and plan their fall plowing. ; etc., in preparation for planting the ' crops for w hich there seems likely to bo the greatest need next spring. ! lloth the condition and the acreage, i as w.;il as the estimated yield, should I receive careful consideration. I Farmers should estimate their labor needs as fa irl advance as pos- . sihie that is, not only the number of the help which will be needed, but the approximate time when they will be first needed and the length of time that they will be needed in each locality. Farmers should cooperate ia every way practicable with local, state, or national employment bu- j reaus. Small Marke-ts. , Shippers should pay more atten- ' tion to small markets for their produce, especially in the event that

there may be an overproduction o a certain commodity. It is highly desirable that crops of which there is a vry heavy production, such as may be the case with potatoes, be distributed over as wide a territory as possible. Shippers should try to cultivate the small town markets: and hence increase the number of outlets for such crops, thus preventing gluts in the larger markets and conserving the supply of other more impci tant commodities, such as wheatIn case a grower has difficulty in disposing of a surplus of a given commodity, be should attempt to conserve as large a proportion as. practicable by means of inning ami evaporation and providing good common storage on his farm for tucli

fi

" F J rrr Wv. ttst M Tkit A mrrtc4i tks Ui:d Statu Mtrt tkrir fi rf t fr tim."E. 8. MARTIN OOODHOVSKKBEFINQe Aft.

Wi

'E are at war! And the serrieg yorj render irrth

your arms, your hands, your brain, win decide the victory as much as what the fir mm nH

the soldiers do. Your kitchen fork is as big as a pitch-fork, as sharp as a bayonet! This is a war in which Woman can do more than sit and wait. She can frght at home I But she needs help, the definite concrete help that otilr GOOD HOUSEKEEPING gives in such abundance in this wonderful, timely Aneust issue. She needs the sound Government viewpoint of Assistant Secretary Vrooman. She needs Maude Radford Warren's first-hand descriptions of what war has done to French and British home. She needs Dr. Anna Howard Shaw's "Message to Araerican Women." She needs the solid facts of Dr. Wiley's "The ABC of Menu Building,'' and the Good Housekeepra; Institute's "Live Out of Your Garden." She needs MYe Old Time Pryins of Vegetables." "New Things to Eat," and, "Working the August Garden."

On sale today trerji

-IS cents

Hl II tri Vi IW V , I t J II rd 1 I 4 J 1 m t II II V 4

PI 11 JLL k"- J J-k. i.VJ Tl J-3JX 11 iy

for AUGUST

A Statement by Mr. M. L. Wilkenson President of One of the Most Successful Department Stores of its Kind in America: The Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney Dry Goods Company, of St Louis. "During the first summer after I took charge of our store, 1 was surprised at the enormous falling off in sales during the vacation period, from mid-June to the first of September. I called a conference of department managers. They assured me that there was no help for the condition that the bulk of "our trade" went away for the summer and that sales naturally dropped to the low level of the year. The situation was one which called for careful study and searching analysis. From the railroad passenger agent and other sources, we secured statistics showing that about 55,000 people went to the country and bought their summer necessities and luxuries from some one. That our sales should slump "forty per cent because seven per cent of the population left the cJcv for a part of the summer could be accounted for in one way. OUR MERCHANDISING PLAN OR PROGRAM MUST BE OUT OF BALANCE. "Two conclusions stood out from this analysis. It was obvious, first, that the only way to correct our summer slump in sales was to make the store appeal to the GREAT MIDDLE class which did not take extended vacations. Dwarfing this in importance, however, was the unmistakable fact that we were not reaching the mass of dependable all-the-year-'round buyers of medium-priced merchandise. By failing to serve the whole community we were neglecting the largest element in our natural marked and limiting our sales in a corresponding degree." THE NEWS-TIMES, quoting from the above statement by Mr. Wilkenson, which appeared in a recent issue of System Magazine, asked the passenger representatives of the FOUR LEADING ROADS out of South Bend to estimate the RESORT AND VACATION TRAFFIC during the summer months.

Passenger Agents of Four Leading-

Roads Out of South Bend Say:

Less than 3,500 people leave South Bend during the Summer months LESS THAN FIVE PER CENT of the total population and that many of these go to nearby resorts.

"DULL SEASON-ITIS" sounds funny but it isn't. It's a dreadful disease. Mental affection accompanied by hallucinations and vague foreoodings of disaster. Oddly enough, if attacks merchants first. The general public the people who buy things are almost immune. They go on earning money and trying to spend it "until the merchant virtually refuses to accept it. The public does not become afflicted with "Dull Season-itis" except when it is communicated to them by merchants. The disease is possible in any season of the year, but manifests itself most frequently in summer. It consists of varying stages and in its worst form in a frantic determination not to sell any goods at all. The victim imagines himself to be sane and far-sighted. It is not a new disease. It is quite old. -

It dates back to the dark ages, when witchcraft and black art were rife, and since that time it has been steadily losing ground. It is more prevalent in the less enlightened countries than in communities where reason and intelligence ire supposed to reign. This year there are fewer victims than last year. And next season there ought not to be an v. For the merchant suffering with "Dull Season-itis" there is a certain, positive cure ADVERTISING! It is the one infallible tonic. It makes business better rieht awav. It banishes fear and uncertainty. It inspires confidence. It stimulates trade. It sets the cash drawer to working. It puts business in a healthy, stirring condition And keeps it that way.

THE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

ANothing Succeeds like Circulation and Service

5

i

a