South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 93, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 3 April 1917 — Page 3

TtTSRW TTV nVJNr.. AT'Itll- .t. IÜ1T. Wilson's Address to War Congress "With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the congress declare the recent course of the imperial German government to be in fact nothing less than war against the government and people of this United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it and that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state of defense, but also to exert all its resources to bring the government of the German empire to terms and end the war."

THE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

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WASiriN7iTN, April 3. The Jre.-il nt fpok as follows: 'I hav; call 1 tl:e rormros into extraordinary --.--lon tjf;iuse there are reriou, very noil, rhoirs of policy to t made and rnad immediately, which it was nuthtr riht nor constitutionally permis.iblf that J FhoulJ assume the. responsibility c)f making. "On tlx- third cf February last. I olfici illy laid before you the extraordinary announcement of the imperlal German overnmpnt that on and after the first day of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraint of law, or of humanity and use itM submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of dreat Britain and Ireland or th wps n coast of Huropp, or any of the - ts controlled by the enemies cf Jermany within the Mediterranean. That had seemed to le the object of the German submarine warfare earlier in the war, but y-ince April of last year the imperial Kovernrnent had somewhat restrained the commanders of Its undersea craft in conformity with its jiromi.-o then Kiven to us mat jtasenper boats shouM not be sunk, and that lue warning would be K'iven to nil other vessels, which Mihmarine micht rei-k to destroy, when no resistance was offered or scape attempted, and care taken that their crews were qiven at leas ; fair chance to fav their lives in their open boat. The precautions taken were Fmull and haphazard enough, as was proved in distressing Instance after instance in the I rocrrs3 of the cruel nnd unmanly business but a certain decree of restraint was observed. rv Policy Sweeps All restrictions Ashir. The new policy hat swept eery restriction aside. Vessel-? of every kind whatever their fla. their character, their car'o, their destination, their errand, have een ruthlessly .sent to the bottom without warning and without thought of help or mercy for those on board the vessels of friendly neutrals alonpr with those of belligerents. Kven hospital ships and ships carrying relief to the bereaved and stricken people of rielpiui:i. though the latter were provided v.ith Kafe conduct through the prescribe! areas by tho German povernment itself, and were listlnpuishd by unmistakable marks of identity, have been sunk with the same leckless lack of compassion or of principle. I was for a little while unable to "believe that such things would In fact bo done by any government that had hitherto subscribed to the humane practice of civilized nations. International law had its origin in the attempt to set up some Jaw, which would be respected and observed iifmn the seas, where no nation had right of dominion and where lay the free highways of the -vrlu. i:y painful stage after statre has that law been built up with meagre enough results, indeed, after all was accomplished that could be accomplished, but always with a dear view, at least, of what the lieart and conscience of mankind demanded. This minimum of right the German government has swept aside under the plea of retaliation and neee-sity, and because it had no weapons which it could use at sea except tnese. which it is impossible

to employ as it is employing them without throwing to the winds all scruples of humanity or of respect for the understandings that were suppostd to underlie the intercourse of the world. Wanton I struct ion l Lives of People. I am not now thinking1 of the Io-s of property, immense and serious as that is but of the wanton and wholesale destruction of the lives non-combatants, men. women, and children engaged in pursuits which have always, even in the darkest periods of modern history, been deemed innocent and legitimate. Property can be aid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot ho restore!. The present German submarine warfare against commerce is warfare against mankind. It is war against all nations. American shij s have been sunk. American lives taken, in wavs which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships of people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way. There has been no di--i rimination. The challenge is to all mankind. I'ach nation mut decide tor itself how it is to meet it. The choice we make for ourselves must e made with a moderation of council -M-..1 a ternperateness of judgment bef;ttir.g our character and ur motives as a nation. We must put excited feeling away. Our motive will not be revenge or the victorious assertion of the physical might of the nation, but only the vindication of right of human right. f which v. e are only .a single champion. When I addressed the t-omgre-s on the Z'.th of KYhru iry, last. 1 thought that it would s; to assert our l,e to utral rights with arms, our right u.-e the sea agaii.st unlaw f .1 interference. our light to keep i .or.!., safe Kgaitist unlawful ou r vio lence. Hut armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable. P.e.iusabmarines are in obect outlaw's, when u--ed as the German sabmal mes ha e b en against merchant fckijiln& it ia ixiiro?ii!t to defend

ships against their attacks as the law of nations has as-u rrw'd that merchantmen would defend thutiselve against privateers or cruisers. vMMe craft triving hase upon the open s'a. It is common prudence in such circumstancfs, Krim neces

sity, indeed, to endeavor to destroy them before they have shown their own intention. They must be dealt with upon si-Id. if dealt with at all. Icnles Ilisht of I'm' of ArniM. The German government denies the right of neutrals to use arms at all within the areas of the sea which it has prescribed, even in the defense of right whieh no modern publicist has ever before questioned x their right to defend. The intimation is conveyed that the armed guards which we have placed on our merchant ships will he treated as beyond the pale of law and subject to b' dealt with as pirates would be. Armed neutrality is ineffectual enough at the best, in such circumstances and in the face of such pretensions it is worse than ineffectual: it is likely at once to cause what it was meant to prevent; H is practically certain to draw us into the war without either thr. rights or the effectiveness of belligerents. It was the one choice we cannot make, we are incapable of rr.a'-ing; we will not choose the path ... ubmission and suffer the mo. secred rights of our nation and our people to be ignored or violated. The wrongs against which we now array ourselves are not common wrongs: they cut to the very roots of humanity. Advises Tongrevs Decree Statt of War. W'th a propound sense of tlie .oleum and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, hut in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, T advise that the congress declare the recent course of the imperial German government to be in fact nothing less than war against the government and people of this United States: that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it and that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state of defense, but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the government of the German empire to terms and end the war. What this will involve is clear. It will involve the utmost practicable co-operation in counsel and action with the governments now at war with Germany and, as incident to that, the extension to these governmens of the most liberal financial credits, in order that our resources may, so far as possible, be added to theirs. It will involve the organization and mobjjization of all material resources of the country to supply the materials of war and serve .the incidental needs of the nation in the most abundant, and yet the most economical and efficient way possible. It will involve the immediate full equipment of the navy in all respects, but particularly in supplying it with the best means of dealing with the enemy's submarines. It will involve the immediate addition to the armed forces of the I'nited States already provided for by law in case of war, at least ."00.000 men. who should, in my opinion, be chosen upon the principle of universal liability to service and also the authorization of subsequent additional Increments of equal force so soon as thev mav be needed ami can be handled in training. It will involve also, of course, the granting of adequate credits to the government, sustained I hope, so far as they can equitaby sustained by the present peneration. by well conceived taxation. I say sustained so far as may be equitable by taxation because it seems to me that it would fbc most unwise to base the credits which will now be necessary en tirely on money borrowed. It is ourj duty I most respectfully urge, to I protect our people s. far as we may against the very serious hardships! and evils which would be likely to arise out of the inflation w hich j would be produced by vast loans. Must not interfere With V. S. Preparation-. In carrying out the measures by which these things are to be accomplished we should keep constantly in mind tho wisdom of interfering as little as possible in our own prep- j aration and in the equipment of ourj own military forces with the duty J for it will be a very practical duty of supplying th" nations already at ! war with Germany with the mater-! ials which thev can obtain only from i us or by our assistance. They are in the field and we should help them in every way to be effective there. I shall take the liberty of sugg sting through the several execiu tivo departments of the government for the consideration of your committees, measures for the accom plishment of the several objects lj have mentioned. I hope that it will ; t your pleasure t tieai wnii inem as hiving been framed after very careful th Might by the branch of the government upon which the re-i sponM'iHty of conducting the warj and safeguarding the nation will j most dire tly fall. j While v do thse things, these I 'cply momentous things, let u Pel v ery ch ar , and make very clear to ' all the world w hat our motives and I our objet ts are. My own thought has not been driven from its habitual and normal courto Lv the iiiiappy

events of the last two months and I do not believe that the thought of the nation has l.cen altered or clouded by them. I have exactly the same things in

mind now that I had in mind when I, addressed the senate on the 22nd of January last; the same that I had in mind when I addressed the and on the L'f.th of February. Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and the Jus-1 tire in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth insure the observance of those principles. Neutrality no Ioniser IVa-ihlt or Desirable. Neutrality is no longer feasible or de.-irablo where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of their peoples and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments backed by organized force which is controlled wholly by their will, not by the will of their people. We have seen the last of neutrality in such circumstances. We are at the beginning of an nee in which it will be insisted that the same standards of conduct and of responsibility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their governments that are observed among the individual citizens of civilized states. We have no quarrel with the German people. We have no feeling towards them, but one of sympathy and friendship. It was not upon their impulse that their government acted in entering this war. It was not with their previous knowledge or approval. It was a war determined upon as wars used to be determined upon in the old unhappy days when peoples were nowhere consulted by their rulers and wars were provoked and vaged in the interest of dynasties or of little groups of ambitious men who were accustomed to use their fellow men as pawns and tools. Self governed nations do not fill their neighbor states with spies or set the course of Intrigue to bring about some critical posture of affairs which will give them an opportunity to strike and make conquest. Such designs can he successfully worked only under cover and where no one has the right to ask questions. IhMvption is Kept Secret Tliiough Court. Cunningly contrived plans of deception or aggression carried it may be from generation to generation, can be worked out and kept from the light only within the privacy of f

courts or behind the carefully guard-. . , . ., ... , , , I Austria-Hungary ed confidences of a narrow and i . , ... . , ,, ., , .... .Not Included in lalk. privileged class. They are happllv ; impossible where public opinion' 1 nuvt" s;lul nothing of the govemeommands ami insists upon full in- ! m?nts allied with the imperial Ger-

formation concerning all the nation's affairs. A steadfast concert for peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations. No autocratic government could be trusted to keep faith within it or observe its convenants. It must be a league of honor, a partnership of opinion. Intrigue would eat its vitals awav: the nlottings of inner circles who rnuld nlan what thev would .. , ..." i aim rentier account . in onr vomv , be a corruption seated at its very heart. nlv free peoples can hold their purpose and their honor steady to a common end and prefer the Interests of mankind to any narrow intori.ctii of their own. Lot s not every American feel that assurance has been added to our hope for the future peace of the world by the wonderful and heartening things that have been happening within the last few weeks in Russia? Russia was known by those who knew it best to have been always in fact democratic at heart, in all the vital habits of her thought, in all the intimate relationships of her people that spoke their natural instinct, their habitual attitude toward life. Autocracy in Tact Not ltussdai in Origin. The autocracy that crowned the summit of her political structure, long; as it has stood and terrible as was the reality of its power, was not in fact Kassian in origin, character or purpose; and now it has been shaken off and the great, generous 1 Russian people have been added in all their naive majesty and might to the forces thr't are fighting for freedom In the world, for justice and for peace. Here is a fit partner for a league of honor. One of the things that has served to convince us that the Prussian autocracy was not and could never h our friend is that from the very ut-et of the present war. it has tilled our unsuspecting communities and even our offices of government with spies and set criminal intrigues everywhere afoot against our national unity of council, our peace within and without, our industries and our commerce. Indeed it is evident that its spies were here even before the war began; and it is unhappily not a matter of conjecture but a fact proved in our courts of justice that the intrigues which have more thin once i ome perilously near to disturbing the peace and dislocating the industries of the country have been carried on at the instigation, with the support and even under the personal direction of official agents of the imperial government accredited to

the goernrncnt of the United States. Ciciicrtni- I ntorpreta t ion Put On (icriuan Avis. Kven in checking these things and trying to extirpate them we have

! -c"U?ht to put the most enerous : Interpretation possmie up,.r, mem I -'t'use we knew that their source 1 lay. not in any hostile feeling or purpose of the German people towards us (who were, no doubt as ignorant of them as v.o ourselves were), but only in the selfish designs of a government that did what it pleased and told its people nothing. i;ut they have played their part in serving to convince us at last that that government entertains no real friendship for us and means to act auainst our peace and security at its convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at our very doors the intercepted note to the (Jerman minister at .Mexico City is eloquent evidence. We are accepting this challen-e of hostile purpose because we know that in such a government, following such method, we can never have a friend: and that in the presence of its organized power, always lying in wait to accomplish, we know not what purpose, there can be no assured security for the deincratic governments of the wor'.d. Will IKI1I lOKC of l S. if .Needed. We are now about to. accept a. of battle with this natural f.;e to liberty and shall, if necessary, spend the whole force of the n.cion to check ind nullify it s pretensions and its powor. We are iau. that v e see the facts with no veil of false pretense about then., to light thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German people.- included; for the rights of naticu.s great and small and the privilege of men everywhere to choo.-e their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the trusted foundations of political liberty. We have no saltish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices w shidl freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been as secure as the faith and the fiecdom of the nations can make them. Just beeaue we tisht without rancour and without selfish objects, seeking nothing for ourselves but what we shall wish to share with all free peoples, we shall. I feel confident, conduct our operations as belligerents without passion and ourselves observe with proud punctilio the principles of right and of lair play we profess to be lighting man government because they have not made war upon us or challenged us to tiefen! our rights ami our honor. The Austro-I lun-rarian government has indeed avowed its unqualified endorsement and acceptance of the reckless and lawless submarine warfare adopted now without disguise by the imperial German government and it has therefore not been possible for this government to I I tCoive Count Tarnowski. the ambassador recently accredited to this - . i government oy tue imperial and royal government of Austria-Hungary; but that government has not actually engaged in warfare against citizens of the United states on the seas ami I take the libertv for the I'-sent at least, of postponing a discussion of our relations with the au thorities at Vienna. We enter this war ir.üy where we are clearly forced into it because theje are no other means of defending our rights. It will be all the easier for us to conduct ourselves as belligerents in a high spirit of right ami fairness because we act without animus, not in enmity towards a people or with the desire to bring any injury or disadvantage upon them, but only in armed opposition to an irresponsible government which has thrown aside all considerations of humanity and of right and is running amuck. We are, let me say again the sincere friends of the German people, and desire nothing so much as the early establishment of intimat0 relations of mutual advantage between us however hard it may be for them, for the time being, to belie e that this is spoken from our hearts. We have borne with their present government through all these bitter months because of that friend.-hip exercising a patience and forbearance which would otherwise have bten impossible.' We shall happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship in our daily attitude and actions towards the millions of men and women of German birth an! nativ? sympathy who live amongst us and share our life, and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the government in the hour of test. They are, most of them, as true and loyal Americans as if they hae never known any other fealty or allegiance. They will be prompt to stand with us in rebuking and restraining the few who' may be of a different mind and purpose. Hi-loyalty Will iU Dealt With 1 'irmly. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with with a firm hand of stern repression; but, if ii lifts its head at all. it will lift It only here and there and without counten-

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of the m 35 . m a. 3S2 in the appeal, 3? your E3c Agnus "Victrola' Is anco except from a lawless and a niali-'nant few. It Is a distressing and oppressive duty, pentlemen of the congress, liich I have performed In this ali'.ressint: you. There nre, it may be. many months of fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful fhin to lead this pre at peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seemin? to be in the balance. Hut the ric:ht is more precious than peace, and we shall f':?ht for things which we have always carried nearest our hearts for democracy, for tlie right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own government?, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of rlsht by such a conduct of free peoples as shall bring reace and .-afety to al! nations and make the world itself at last free. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride -f those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her misht for the principles that gave her bfrth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other. ltKMOVAIi NOT I CIl iouth Tend Building and Loan Asocation has removed its otfice from 123 Jefferson blvd. to 12 1 S. Main st. Adv..

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