South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 90, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 31 March 1917 — Page 7

THE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

s.Tnu).Y Ar-nntNooy, makcii si. imt.

AGRICULTUREHInformc,tion for Farmers .and 0rchardistsSTOCK-RAISING

THREE SYSTEMS FOR BROODING CHICKS ARTIFICIALLY ,

Merits of the Colony Brooder, Long Brooder House and the Brooder Stove Study the Tone of the Chick's Voice for a Guide to Its Comfort and Well Being. Ity (.. II. Smith. Authr ..nd I ra' ti al roultr man. It t3 not enough to hatch chirks. The biggest business after all is 't raise them. That ineans onding". Most poi-lf r men su cd or fail here. My friend bought - day-dd chicks. They were tine as silk". L!ut he had no brooding fa i'ities. Therefore tnc after another pir.ed away and died. h raised three to maturity! If it had been L.".i;o hundred inftfad of 2.", another poultryman would have failed. When a baby tonics everything should he in order to raise it rightly. A chick is a hnby. , It is one of the most sensitive things in the world. It is a walking egg. Tenfold more tare must ho given it than is given the newly-laid e','. Tho small colony hroodcr is mostly used by the amateur and by those who keen mall thxks. It is a complete, brooding plant on a small scale. Fix feet by three is the usual size. It is easily portable and can be used out of d.ors in cold weather, or indoors, to suit conveniences. It Is divided into two equal compartments, the central partition being easily removable to double the space run of the chicks as they develop. The heat is furnished by a kerosene lamp at one end outside the brooder. It communicates with a circular hover within. The small colonv brooders now on the market have been improved j .until they are practically perfect. Uut, like any other mechanism, they mu?t be handled with knowledge and skill or they can do great ilainAbsolute cleanliness throughout must be insisted upon always. The fhnr of both apartments should be covered half an inch thick with tlean sand, and over this should be scattered an inch of fini litter, preferably alfalfa or clover. In this should also be pi. iced a good supply of line oyster shells. Light the lamp a day or two before the chicks are to be placed in the brooder, Sv that you may be sure tf a steady temperature of about ! degrees under the hover. The econd week this temperature may I t- reduced by live degrees. Work it down to S." by the third week. A thermometer should be kept conMa ntly in v'.ew. There must be no guessing. The lamp should be tilled and cleaned once a day, and it should be trimmed twice a day. There should 1 no exception to this rule. Ueüiemt'cr it is burning H 4 hours a lay. The lamp must be kept absolutely safe and eflicient. Otherwise the chicks are liable to be baked or smoked to death. I .on? HrtMHler Houses. The principle here is the same as that of the small colony brooder, except that It is a large stale plant. The building may be any length desired, according to the extent of the business. The modern aim is to quip the long l:ooo-r house for use as a maturing; or laying house when ii is not required for brooding purposes. The heat is usually furnished by LLLJ

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" We use nothing but prepared roofing on all our poultry houses. I have used a o-ood

deal of RU-BfclR-OlD and have found it entirely satisfactory."

Tn. O Bjnt. D'ft t r.'tyf i. Jfj'ry. I'm: -mil f l.Untu (?- Iff tf Afutl-irt ni ,44'r.., u.':rjj Arc YOUR roofs entirely satisfactory? They will be if you follow the example of the University of Illinois and use

y 4 f I i n r r-ra r-zpv

COSTS MORE -WEARS LONGER RU-BER-OID ts always entirely satisfactory because it combines all the virtues of other forms of . roofing without any of iheir faults.

It is proof against sparks, fumes, heat and cold. It cannot crack, melt, wirp, rust or roc

Rl'-FCR-OID roof i lnJ niufc than 20 jcirs ago hisc tiecr cot a penny for repairs. Thrre ir Mjn on r) m.r fiUr hi ll. oi i'l t it hr you. n ilL STAND ARD PAINT CO.

pi mm mm !! p' "üü" ! hi 1 1 li &fe4Ji EIL.

LONG TAILED This is one of the odd, rare and highly ornamental races of poultry. Yokohamas were originated in that land where the natives delight in producing extremes ir. plants and poultry Japan. It is p-obable that their first importation to England was from Yokohama, and they were consequently so named. This is an oriental game, bred especially for its great length of tail. In Japan these tails sometimes reach the length of IS feet. Such tails are never seen on the specimens exhibited in America and Kngland, but ihey are often shown with tails from three to six feet long. This extreme development is confined entirely to the males, though the females have extra long and profuse tall feathering, resembling those of a good leghorn hen. a system of steam pipes running above the hover shelters. A more recent method sends the heat through steam pipes beneath the lloor. The circular hover is used in this system, and the heat is led up to each successive hover from beneath the floor by a galvanized cylinder. The kerosene lamp is used in some cases. The most rigorous methods should be adopted in the care of the lamps. Forty or 00 lamps burning day and night, with such inflammable stuff lying about, put a large responsibility on the care taker. I know of once instance at least where some 1.800 blooded birds were burned up one night as a result of an exploded lamp. Whatever the heating system may be it should be studied most carefully and thoroughly mastered. The care of a fire of any kind is of great Importance. It is a curious fact that many intelligent people are not expert "firemen". Children learn the fire art slowly. As a steady and successfully sustained temperature is of vital consequence in brooding, very special attention should be given to this part of the business. Drafts should be carefully guarded against in the long building. Doors should close automatically. The chicks should be kept well separated as to the different flocks, and especially as to the rioeks of different ages. Never should the birds be compelled to live on a naked floor. Nothing is more discouraging and more unnatural to them. Colony Ilnxxlcr Stoo System. The colony brooder stove system is a comparatively modern method. says: H FT"l 1 Write for this Bookl !r m9 t t i I.THE STANDARD PAINT CO. COO U'oolwortb Dido, Nw York Sad ampiM of RU BEII-Olü a4 books oppo. I t!t which I Kftrk X. I i stead Urucl I Onoor.nr Homo " ttuiUIiuff m I'uultrr IIouM riullilliiK m llarn I jHntUlluc Your Own C,Attf I t ortnff Your Vmcury " IJ Art uctc Hoof 1 a dealer, check her Q

YOKOHAMAS

Yokohamas are not bred extensively In America: only a few are exhibited at the big shows. The chief reason is that their main virtue is as an ornamental fowl; little can be said of their utility qualities. The hens are rather poor layers of small eggs. It is also very difficult to keep the fowls and prevent the tail plumage of the males from being broken before attaining its greatest growth. Males do not develop their greatest length of tail until their third year. These fowls are bred in four colors, silver and golden duckwings, spangle and whites and are rated s a very hardy and vigorous fowl. They do best where they can get free range, the exercise and natural feed doing much to keep their plumage brilliant. It is coming into very general use, however. The brooder stove is placed in the center of a room 12 to 14 feet square. Either coal or oil may he used, according to one's preference. The heat is largely selfadjusting. It is reflected downward and outward by a large metal hover elevated above the stove and easily adjustable. The chicks are thus altogether in the open, and draw near to the source of heat, or recede from it, as their comfort may desire. The ideal house in use under this system may be 14 by 28 feet. The entire space may be divided into two rooms 14 feet square. The chicks occupy the room in which the stove is located until they are large enough to be permitted the run of the whole house, when the door between the rooms may be opened, thus extending their runway until they are sufficiently mature to get out onto the ground. Such house should accommodate from 500 to 1,000 chicks. The maximum capacity of the biff brooder stove is 1.500 chicks; but only an expert should attempt to brood so many chicks in one flock. Food and (ioncral Care. The litter, sand, and shells should be the same as described under the small colony brooder, whatever the system used. These are as vital to the general welfare of the little tiock as heat and food. The first feed should not come before at least hours after hatching. The yolk of the esg furnishes sufficient food for such length of time, or even longer. Of course clean water should be kept before them constantly. No sloppiness should be permitted. The tiest patent drinking fountains oupht to be always in use. Oatmeal in any form is a good feed to begin with. Feed Ave times a day at first. The second day begin to work the feed into the litter. Make them scratch for everything so far as possible. Keep them hungry enough to keep them active. They must exercise from the first. Their happiness and their health depend on their digging day after day for their food. The poultryman forgets this at his peril. The mixed chick feed grain on sale at any supply store should be fed in the litter after the first two days. If an extensive business is being conducted the poultryman should buy his grains and mix them himself. A good mixture is as follows: 100 pounds tine cracked wheat. SO pounds cracked corn, and 20 pounds pinhead oatmeal. Iljml-Ji Abundant (Jrccn Stuff. At the beginning of the second week put wheat bran or middlings before them for two or three hours a day. Heginning with the 10th day kep the following dry mam before them all the time in hojpers: 50 pounds of bran, 50 pounds equal part corn meal and sifted ground oats, with about five per cent meat scrap. All the green food they will eat may be furnished them every dy with profit. A little clean dirt rlaced before them in a box will be good. Do not let the dirt get on the floor of the brooder. Keep that clean and dustless so far as possible. Chills must be especially avoided. Let them out on the ground as soon as it can be done with perfect safety. Not mere than 73 chicks should be brooded under one hover with the small colony brooder. More will mean crowding, and a consequent danger to th whole flock. Avoid extremes of temperature.

Keep the birds comfortable. The tone of the chick's voice will always proclaim its general condition. Study this. When five or six weeks old the toughening process should be so far advanced as to dispense with artificial heat, except in very cold weather. When two months old the youngsters should be ready to go cut en range and fisrht their battles with uccess. Let the hardening be gradual and well timed from the beginning.

PEED BIG FACT IN MILK COS Half or More of Production Expense is in What Cows Eat, Survey Shows. A detailed study of the cost of producing milk on four farms, recently conducted by the United States department of agriculture, leads to the conclusion that on those farms feed accounts for onehalf or more of the total cost, the remaining charges being divided about equally between labor and other items, such as shelter, use of equipment, use of bull, interest, depreciation, and overhead. The conclusions are based upon an exhaustive analysis of the business of the four farms, each of which is representative of a type of dairying. While the actual costs on the farms, as elsewhere, varjp from year to year, the ratio between each item and the total remained nearly uniform when the same system of management was followed. It is believed therefore, that milk producers throughout the country will find valuable suggestions in the report of this study, just published as bulletin 501 of the department of agriculture, and entitled "The Cost of Producing Milk on Four Dairy Farms Located in Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania and North Carolina", by Morton O. Cooper and C. M. Bennett. The fact that the cost of feed is shown to be at least one-half of the total cost of producing milk on the farms is cited as evidence that tho feed item is of great Importance to the dairyman who seeks to reduce the cost of production. It is pointed out, however, that the greatest economy of production is not always attained by cutting down the feed cost and that sometimes it is necessary to increase the feed bills in order to increase profits. The question of feed supply is held to be one for individual solution. "Just how near the specialized dairyman should come to growing all the feed required by his dairy herd is a question of individual business management. One man may find it more profitalle to grow all the feed required, while another may increase his profits by supplementing the income from cows with crop sales and purchase part of the feed. In a few localities in the United States crops may be selected that will not only yield a prodouct for which there is a ready sale at good prices, but which also leave on the farm much feedable material. Fweet corn is an example of this type." It is pointed out that when this practice of supplementing the dairy business with the production of cash crops is feasible, it Is often sood business for the dairyman to sell crops and buy concentrates, and that "if by the growing of a cash crop, it is possible from the net receipts of one acre to buy a quantity of concentrates equivalent to that which could be raised on one and a half or two acres, it would be folly to grow the concentrates". SOU, roil ALFALFA. The tender nature of the young alfalfa plants requires that the soil be in excellent tilth at the time of planting. Many of the failures to secure a Rood stand may be traced directly to the improper condition of the seed bed. The aim should be to get the soil finely pulverized, thoroughly compacted, and comparatively free from weeds. The surface below two or three inches should be line and loose, and below this it should be sufficiently firm to favor the capillary movement of 1 water, yet porous enough to permit I good drainage and free circulation of air through the soil. i LOANS ON FARM LAN'I. Loans bearing interest at the low rate of 5 per cent will be made by us on good productive farms which meet with our requirements. If you expect to borrow money soon, arrangements should be made without delay so that you may take advantage of this offer. All loans will be made for a term of five years, with the privilege of paying the principal, or any part thereof, in even hundreds of dollars at any Interest paying date. Further details can be secured by a letter or we shall be pleased to have vou call at our ortice. THK TKAUKs" BROTHERS CO. Adv. Läsonier, InU. sriti.Nc: colds aui: dan;fhofs. Sudden changes of temperature and underwear bring spring cold with stuffed up head, sore throat and peneral cold symptoms. A dose of Dr. Kind's Nvw Discovery is sure relief, this happy combination of antiseptic balsams clears the head, soothes the irritated membranes anl what might have been a lin-'erjr cold is broken up. Don't stop treatment when relief is nrst felt as a half cured cold is dangerous. Take Dr. Kind's New Discovery till your cold 1 gone. Adv.

TESTING RECORDS

S Dairying in Indiana Gets New Impetus From "Scientific" Movement. ÜY IL CL ST1TIAS. Indiana Dairy Fxtcnslon son Ice. Good pure bred bulls have a great deal to do in determining the future of Indiana dairying. We Tind that :'.4 pure bred bulls have been placed in our cow testing associations in this state during the past year. This is true In spite of the fact that only five associations have been in operation over the entire period of the past year. Twentyfive of the pure bred bulls placed in the associations are replacing scrub and grade bulls while the remaining nine are replacing bulls that are on the whole inferior to their success ors but are pure bred. We have tried to get an expression from some of the leading breeders of dairy cattle of Indiana as to their estimated value of pure bred sires but have been unable to get any thing definite. The fact is that their production records do not go far enough back to show anything definite while others do not go far enough back but these records are not continuous. The first cow testing association of southern Indiana to finish a year's work is the Warrick County association. Cows to the number of 10b completed a year's record with an average production of G.447 pounds of milk and 279.7 pounds of butterfat. vhen we stop to consider that this is within four pounds of being the state's record we realize that some of Indiana's uood cows are down in Warrick and spencer counties. Reports of Tcstors. It. B. DURHAM The First Porter County Cow Testing association has just completed the seventh month of its third year's work vith C-6t cows producing over 1,000 pounds of milk and 40 pounds of butterfat. This is a very creditable showing considering the extreme cold in February as well as shortage and high prices of feed. The members are taking advantage of the ideal markets for fat and boarder cows, eight of which were sold from the association the past month. This means more milk for our feed and more money for our labor. The pure bred sire is said to be 00 per cent of the herd and in seme cases he has proven himself 75 per cent of the herd. I have taken the high 20 cows of the association 10 of which are pure breds and 10 of which are high grades; they are all Holsteins with the exception of one which is a grade Durham. Taking the 10 pure breds we have an average production of 1.335.6 pounds of milk and 73.3 pounds of butterfat while with the 10 high grades we have an average production of 1,393 pounds of milk and 52.2 pounds of butterfat or a difference of 536.6 pounds of milk and 21.1 pounds of butterfat in favor of the pure bred cows. IL S. MORKDOCK A meeting was held Feb. 15, 13 17. at which Prof. Otis of Wisconsin gae a splendid talk on farm management. There was an attendance of about 400. The Sheridan banks are cooperating with some of the farmer in keeping farm records. A meeting was held Feb. 10, 1317, to discuss bull associations and the possibility of orpranizin? one in this locality. A committee was appointed and the matter will "be taken up later. A. V. IJYEItS Eight members have ordered milk scales. "Looks like business." Three pure bred bulls were bought last month, others will be bought soon. Some of the members will build silos this year and thus be able to cut down on fed ccsls. The association record for both milk and fat for the past month is L3G6 pounds of milk and 6S.3 pounds of fat. This cow is owned by J. Pattie. W. T. ROBERTS Prof. Caldwell of Purdue university claims that a good currying and brushing of a dairy cow each day will take the place of three pounds of grain. Two of our members have been currying and brushing their cows for several weeks. They claim that the returns more than pay for the grooming. Their cows are in excellent condition and are doing just line at the pail. Try it on your cows and be convinced, the proof of the pudding is in the eating. H. V. LANE "If we could hae; had this testing done five years aao ! we could have had a herd of cows : worth while." is an expression outn heard by the tester these days. .seven months of the work has shown very definitely to some of the numbers, the de.-irability of having actual records and tests of their cows. In that time most oi the good cows have leen located and some 13 of the ethers have teen disposed of as unprofitable. Mother Gray's Powders Benefit Many Children Th.-pUMu.ii at mtLers tare found M..t!,fr Cray's Sweet Pouders an ex-ellent rp!!.-lv for thiMren complaining of LeaJ-.T-liM. V'.l.U. Tfrihn-. i-toma h troubles and bowel irreKUlaritWa frm whi.-h h'.Mr-Hii suffer during the dar The 1wi!t are eay an l pleasant to tak anl excellent results are aomplNlied by tlielr u?. I'sed by mothers for years. Sold by DruffgUU trtrjmlU, 25 cents.

W E HE

J Cottonseed Meal Good for Cows

If Ration The oplrlon prevalent in some sections that even the moderate feeding of cottonseed meal to dairy cows injures them and is detrimental to the quality of the butter is not justified, according to specialists of the Fnited ftates department of agriculture. Cottonseed meal, it is said, may be fed for years to dairy cows in properly balanced rations with no III effect. It contains the highest quantity of protein of all the cowfeeds ordinarly found upon the market. For that reason it is especially valuable as a means of balancing rations deficient in protein, when corn and corn products or other farm-grown feeds form a large proportion of the cows' feed. It should not be fed in excess at any time. As a ule two to four pounds dai'y are to be considered a good feed in connection with other concentrates and roughage. A feed sometimes sold on the markets of the south is called "cottonseed-meal feed", which is only a finely ground mixture of cottonseed hulls and cottonseed meal, and its feeding value is usually very much lower than that of pure cottonseed meal. Prime or choice cottonseed meal analyzes aproximately as follows: Digestible Nutrients in Cottonseed Meal. Per cent. Crude protein r.7.0 Carbohydrates 22.0 Fat S.6 The cottonseed-meal feed, on the other hand, has no standard analysis and Its feoding value depends entirely upon the amount of hulls used in the adulteration. It probably often contains as low as from K to 20 per cent crude protein and has not more than half the feeding value of choice meal. Experiments in the feeding of cottonseed meal to dairy cows have been conducted at the agricultural colleges of practically all the southern states. They are unanimous in reporting that when fed in moderate quantities and in connection with other concentrates ordinarily available on the market, cottonseed meal is tho cheapest source of protein to be had. At the South Carolina station, five or six pounds of cottonseed meal daily In connection with 23 to CO pounds of corn silage were fed fo dairy cows through a long period. The cows thrived and no ill effects from the feed were observed. In fact, they kept in re if r.

L A replica of this building will be erected on Municipal Plaza J j "The Little Red School House" v The Birthplace of All c S Advertising - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - -

EDUCATION, conceived in the open mind of a child, pursues the grown mar: to the grave offering him, through the mighty force of Advertising, insight into the complicated activities of the World. Hand-maiden of Science and Invention Herald of Industrial Efficiency Envoy of man's brain and brawn Advertising visualizes the World's Work. That this mighty servant of mankind may grow in dignity, truth, and to the still greater benefit of humanity is the purpose of the Thirteenth Annual Convention of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World to be held in the City of St. Louis, June 3rd to 7th, of this year. Send for interesting literature, addrestinil Convention Board, Mercantile Club Building, St. Louis, Mo.

is Properly Balanced

markably good condition and were always ready for their feel. The milk of cows heavily fed on cottonseed meal yields a hard, tallowy butter, light in color and po.r in flavor. If, however, a moderate allowance is fed in a properly balanced ration, the quality is mt impaired and may even bo iroprool. if the other feeds tend to prlu.o a soft butter. Since cottonseed meal is a highly nitrogenous hay feed, it Miould ordinarily be mixed with feeds which are bulky and lower in rüde protein. A good mixture is equal parts of cottonseed meal ami tern-and-eob meal, or cottonseed meal and wheat bran. It is not advisablo to feed more than four or tio pounds daily under any conditions, although much more has been fed without any perceptible bad effect on the animals. On account of its costive effect it is always be.-t to feed it in connection with an ample quantity of succulent roughaue, mh h as silage, roots, or green foods. BOYS AND CALF CLUBS Some of the clubs will start you on beef calves, others with dairy calves. It doesn't matter what the breed. The thing that matters is that you learn all you can about cattle of some kind, says the editor of Fp-to-date Farn eng. Father may sui;geet that you practice on the calves at home. Well and good, but you should buy the calf just as you wmuld in the calf club, so that it is your very own. Nothing creates an interest in anything like ownership. Put care for the calf like the club tells you to. And don't buy tho calf from your father or the club managers just to make some money. Puy it to learn how to feed and care for a calf. Don't sell your calf at the end of the year. Keep your calf until it grows up and has a little- calf itself, and learn to take care of the calf through all these stages of life and development. Then yon will be a regular cow-man. Whatever you learned about the dairy calf will help you to know how to care for a beef calf, and vice versa be proud of you; 'f m - graduated from a good You can nii have j cajf club. Your too. father will be proud of you, noticf Grocery stores and market: close Wednesday afternns, beginning April 4th. Adv.

Al WDGDLAiMDS A Properly Handled They Are a Bank Account to Check Anainst Without Loss. Sir.ee the farm f'rc-T. o lards, supply :'m-wo...1. fcr. W on. - poles. LuiblHiiT and oth lH'OrsNiry for s .:" -essful agriculture, their protection and riinncomrr.t become legitimately a pirt of farm work. Hy the .'t'o of -r.ni.f-e- gr-4' -and surplus mm mon products w oodl.ir.ds n-ld directly t f.mn prof.t.-. The farm f r t if properly hand' 1 is a l ank account ai.tiut whl-n the owner can heck each year in th form of timber n-mocd without any leduetion in apital. In the v;-.l;if of fnre-t products deried yearly from the farm, according to the .t i i nsus. North Carolina led all other state-. Tli-i materials, including firewood, fencing timber, los. railroad tie--, poles, naval stores. -oop-ra-e stock, and some other products, amounted In value to $ 1 I." 4.1 1. This was an aerace fcr the Ol.s p(r ent the farms reporting of $72 per farm. Forty-eight per cent of this amount represents the value of materialused on the farm, and the balance, or $ r . f 4 f . i 7 4 . the alue of all c;;t products sold or for sale and standing timber sold. Two-thirds of the total forest lands f North Carolina nr in farms. These 1 'J.4 r.O'O acres of forested farm lands possess gre.it possibilities for timber production. Fire protection is obviously far easier and more effective thin over tho large tracts in thinly settled, uncleared regions. The location near the homes of the owners and in regions of intensi e local markets i very advantageous. Production cat; be brought to a hiuh standard, and both cutting and utilization be carried on under the personal supervision of the owner. Farm woodlands should add a substantia." amount to the farm Income. To Present Tin (irlp Colds cause rip Laxative Uromc Quinine removes cause. There is onl one "I'.nmio Quinine." Z. Y GltOYE:" signature on box. "c. Adv. Tested Carder Feed !n bulk Warner Hros.. 1!4 F. Wayne Sr. Adr j