South Bend News-Times, Volume 34, Number 41, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 10 February 1917 — Page 9

THE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

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AGRICULTURE STOCK-RAISING

Information for Farmers and Orchardists

SIMPLE RULES FOR THE

Most Successful Methods Are Those Learner! From the Sitting Hen Ventilation, Temperature, Moisture and Turning the Eggs Are the Essentials Hy I rank I. I tare. 1'oultry MustNimlnian, Clmson (-zr. S-cith Cnrolina. c-.-:-fully incul-ated erps in immense li.tkl-clay haUhr vvhi h are, heateel by burning piles of straw i :ind dried manure. j The hatchery 1ms a rapacity of I ri.000 e?Ks, ,0u of whif h are add- 1 fd every three days. The tegs rest n two inches of cut straw, arc turned three tirnes laily. and almost all the fertile e-Ks hat h. In l!ot? it was reported that out of s .",.j 0.- ! (() c-'ps placed in the hatcheries. T-'.Sr.O, chickens vvre- returned t: the Fyptian hushandmen. The Micros of the Fyptian hatcheries, and equally gratifying results in e'hina. denionstrate that it is possible to hatch as reat a percentago of hi ks by artiheial nit thuds, as when the work is performed by hens. And since no thtrmometc rs are u-el in either country

According to the writl-iw .f Aris- j irK v fö. , ' IJ trtl, ami IMiny th ar.cint K-ryp- , Sk 2 tians hatche.l in ve.-sel which j --vi they hurk'1 in tho proun.l anl rov- J red with manure-. For the last ,5SS L.f'Uö yean the Fpyptians have sue- ; JV-J CWC -

v here hatcheries are employed, the ! heat of the room bring ascertained i bv placing an egg to the cloved evelid 'nal period when the of an expert attendant, and crude ( ,mks a,t' finiT'inR from the shells, heating methods are emplovc.l. it is, 11 i t necessary to keep the eggs i vident that the successful hatching at ;i constant temperature of 102 1-2 of c-KP canned be such a licat" degrees, but this should be the obproeess as we have imagined. J J aimed at, and at least the avIn America and F.uropo there are!tra-e temperature for each day or no ;.u'.:-d-clav hatcheries but the and the hatch. g are incub,,t.d in lots of .-, to' f course, the sitter cannot mainmanv thousands in special inni- 1 tain an invariable heat of 102 1-2 b ttors heated bv kerosen... gas or . degrees for every eg over)' hour of rral. While there are excellent small j tllt' hatching period, but it is beincubators on the market de.-ignel ! I'Ved that each egg averages this for the poultryinan with a small l'i'rature each day. It can l.c contb.ck. a mo.-t desirable size for even 1 ervatively stated that a sitting hen the beginner is the mac hine that ! tui ,1S llt'r . at least 10 times a 1 oids about 2.a. eg-'s. When more j rolling the outside eggs to her fh.,n 1 eggs are to be incubated j '""east and changing the position of p: time a mammoth incubator . ach egg in the nest. This rolling

1". , bv a kerosene or coal-burn- ,:?- rtoe j.s generally preferred to , number of lainp-hcated incu- ) -a tors'. TH-ation of Incubator. An incubator should be placed in -i u ell- entllated room. A bright, ! qii-v cellar, or a north room having fairly uniform day ra Hires r re most I md night temp-I aitable. while a i b ro-uu tilled with impure air! v.-ill kill the embryos in the most igoroiis hatching rg"-:s. Keep the widows constantly open on at least f l " Side of the in. uSator room. and. F tin re N a drall en the niai liiiu. oer tJie.-e windows witli thin cloth. .-t up and Ieel the incubator. Till the iamp with high-grade kerone. Then operate the incubator without ggs in it until a temperature of 102 1 2 'egree:- ; an be maintained in tip ei:g i hamber from one l ight until the next. The- them ieter slioiibl hang trom the ceiling of the egg chamber, 'vitb the bulb so 1 '.ced that it registers the temperi Jure of the air surrounding tho i P p e i portion of the eges. I o not ;tih',v the thsrmom ter to touch an gg. as the temperature will t'uetuate each time the bul'a is moed :rom a living to a dead ciubrvo the latter heimr colder. Mudving Natural Incnbat'.oii. AVe will insert an incubator therlaomvter under a sating hen that batches successfully t learn at hat temper; ture h r eggs incu1 ate. Fy averaging the results cf a l.utnber of uial.-. w liscover that all eggs in the nr.euuallv warn.. The the bare breast of the sitter, against v. Inch the center egg- re-t. K 1 '.. tre es. The air at the upper portion of the 11 alcile row of eggs in the nest is 1"4 degrees, whrle that circulating aiound the outside nuv of c gis just inside the sitter's wing has a temperature of :''.. 4 degrees. In taking these temperatures the thermometer was placed at tho bre.ot of the ben. or hold near tho upper portion of tho eggs, with the intention of making these readings under the lien correspond with theleadings of the same thermometer in tho egg chamber. The hen used the experiment hatched practially every fertile egg, and. for that je.ivin. can ho considered authentic. We have barred, therefore, that the highest temperature to which ggs shoidd bo subb-cted in an in ibateer i;; about 14 1-2 degree. any higher temperature is unnatural. The lowest temperature to which c-gs should bo held for a b rig period is about 1-2 d grees. I'v estimating the temperature of ach egg tho nest, daily from its ;l lot ation the la w he th er b-ear, mldetle or outride row, ar. l computing these temperature-. It ,as found that the average tcmper--.tur-during the batch at vvhbh .i- h egg is i;u ibat' ü ur.ele-r a 1; :i i lc2.". degrees. I cinpciature Turning ami As a result thi. ai d ; ! amenta! work w.tii .:: 1 dm.:. ' ' t ). r - 1 c : . -T lot!"! 1 ; r.d inei.!'.'itirs it ha X hat the I est r- -'.!'s w . i vv hen a te m peratut 12 1-2 ...- r-s e c :t s:.i W -l . 1 ..bun "f .ib.-.' u 1 a 1 r. t .t i n ' d throughout the ci.Urc hatch, includ-

OPERATION OF AN

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PEKIN T'ekins are natives of China, wheje duck breeding is extensively followed. And this hreed is the most Kent-rally lred. They were imported into America in the early '70s-, and their wonderful viL'or, prolificacy and hardihood made them favorites almost immediately. This is the hreed found on most of the lare commercial duck farms in this country, many of which market upwards of 00,000 ducks a year. IVkins lay well, better, perhaps, than other varieties, with the ex- ( caption of the Indian Ilunner. Their 1 tzz are lar'e and white, and like ; those of other ducks, are laid at , nit'ht. On commercial farms the I et,'gs are hatched in la: pe incubatakes place the first day the hen sits on the eggs. Fill the incubator in the tnorninc and turn the eggs that evening, and continue turning then morning um evening until the lirst chick pips the .-hell, practiced Three turnings a day are in Fgypt and by some American operators. The noon turn ing c ould not be harmful, and it might be beneficial but so far as we know no experiments have been i ouducted to decide this question fd additional turnings. Test the ej;gs at tho end of the lirst and second weck and remove the infertile eggs and dead germs. The egg c hamber of the ireubator is warmer at the center than near the door, and, to overcome tins variation, the center eggs arc . . . . I treuuentlv lower or farther from the heating compartment. I Iowever, this ineen heat is not injurious when tin- eggs are i hainber f moved around the e:g the machine similarly to their movement under a hen. If the incubator tray has no divisions, place the center eggs at the front and hack of the tray and ioll the remaining eggs toward the center. I' the eggs are in rows on the tray, 1-eep moving the outside eggs of each row to the c enter. When there are two trays, shift them from side to side of the egg chamber and turn 1 them end for end alternately, there by equalizing as much as possible the incubating temperature of each e ug. Leave the eggs out to cool and air

: are not kept at each turning until they are altemperature of inn.st cold. Fifteen to 2o minutes is

not too long to cool the eggs in warm weather. Commence cooling and airing the eggs i: this manner at the first turning and continue it at each turning until the hrst egg is pipped. Keep the door of the egg chamber closed while the eggs i-re airing. M()it'.rci and Ventilation. In a dry room thoroughly sprinkle the eggs on the 10th. 14th and 1Mb days of incubation with warm water (10. degrees, removing the tray and scattering the water over the eggs and tray with whik broom. open the entilators throughout the hatch. Io place a tray of water under not the eggs as it is an ideal medium for the development of mold, the spores of w hu h fungus cause one form of white diarrhoea in baby chicks. The egg chamber must be tilled with moist air when the chicks are pipping the shell on the 19th and 2"th davs of incubation, otherwise the the and shell membranes (skins inside shelh become elry and tough many chicks are imprisoned. I ute air is also necessary at this iritical time. The sitting hen ex-po.-es the pipped eggs constantly to the ce-ol euitside air in her desire to a.. i.-t with her beak the chicks e nu r-ing from The shells. The limit - 1 ventilation e f the egg chamber ir. adequate for a number of hvei hicks. Ii)ti 11c tioito for llic I.at Iavs. Wh th 1 :;rd ev V g : 1 l.ick 1;" the c hama (:t the ll't'i .? Il "f the- dour ef the er is ml u.fpin-; . iih lau.sdure. v ithdtuvv tue tray l-artly and

INCUBAT0Rif(l PRflßUCJ

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DUCKS. tors, after which the ducklings are placed in a brooder, and moved ! from pen to pen as they develop. They are heavily fed for 10 weeks, when they are killed and dressed as "green ducks". The best specimens are reserved for breeding purposes. The feathers are dried and sorted for use in pillows, beds and so on. The Pekin Is large, males weighing: from 7 1-2 to 3 pounds, and females from 6 to 7 1-2 pounds. It i.s canary white In color, with an orange yellow bill, legs and feet. It walks with a femi-upright carriage which distinguishes it from the Aylesbury, the great Fnglish duck, which is whiter in color, and carries its body more horizontally. sprinkle the eggs with warm water as previously described. Close the door until the early chicks are hatched. Then withdraw the trays ; second time, place the dry chicks that have not fallen below into the chick compartment under the tray, roll the eg?s around and examine them for mishaps, and sprinkle eggs with warm water. Wet the front of the trays and the inside of the egg chamber also. The whole operation should not require more than two minutes. This withdrawal of trays and snrinkling of etrgs should be re peated as oft as necessary to I maintain pure, moist air in the egg chamber. When the door is closed the glass rapidly "sweats", showing excessive moisture, and the interior temperature rises to the desired degree (102 1-2). Every chick has pure air to hrea'he, and by following this practice the percentage of embryos which die in the shell will be materially reduced, and the chicks that hatch early will not be weakened and subject to white diarrhoea and other diseases. TO RAISE FEES FOR GRAZING ON NATIONAL FOREST PASTURED WASHINGTON. Feb. 10. An in crease or 2j percent in tne grazing ft.t.s t,n all national forests, instead of l-r percent as was originally j contemplated, will he made for the season of 101" according to the , plan announced by ec'y Houston. ' Subsequent increases will be based , cn a study of the local conditions on I the individual forests and will vary i in accordance with the facts thus j obtained. '"The timber, grazing, water power and other resources of the national forests which are used for commercial purposes should be charged for at n rate which represents their fair value," says Sec'y Houston. "If a charge only sufficient to cover the cost of administration were made, all of the prolit from the commercial use of the national forests would go to a comparatively few individuals instead of to all the people to whom they belong and who are entitled to share their benefits. The charge for grazing should be based upon the real value of the forage on the national forest ranges, as determined by a careful survey of all the tacts and not by competitive bios, as required in timber sales. "Whether or not the fees charged at present represent a fair value of the forage is the ejuestion to be dec ided. The facts before me clearly indicate that the present charge does not represent the full value of grazing privileges on the national forests." Modification of the original plan was decided upon, the secretary said, because of the possibility of a variation in the real value of grazing on different forests or in different localities, and because in a few instances the full projosed increase might not be justified. A specific study, he stated, will be made of the existing conditions upon each of the national forests. Upon the basis of the, facts thus obtained, additional increases wil be made when the real value of the forage upon any forest is found to he more than the .mount charged. No additional inreae will be made before March 1, 191S. J The tirst opera ever performed in ! public and incidentally the earliest complete manuscripts have preserved. is "Kurv dice," whose -en founded on J;e story of Orpheus an I Kurvdieo aid written at the end e t the sixteenth century. The text was oetavio Uinucinr.l's and the music' the ce;nb:ned work of Jacopo Peri and Uiullo CaccinL

P 0 Total Gross Value of Crops and Animal Products in '16, 513,449.000,000. Fy far the larcest gros? value of farm production in this country was reached in 1 f 1 according to estimates made by th'e Fnited States department of agriculture. The total of crops anel animal products was $12,449,000,000, an increase of $2. 74, 000,000 over the total of 1915, which was itself a high-water mark. The mere increase is greater than the census gross value of farm production in 1SVJ, and is nearly as large as the census crop value in 1899. The increase of 1916 over 1914 was ?2,334,t00,000. The gross value of farm production is the total of crops and animal products, and takes no account of the use of a product as a material for other production; nor are any costs of production subtracted. Consequently, the value of gross production should be regarded as an index number, and not as so many net dollars put into the farmer's pocket. The value of the net product of wealth on farms has never been determined, and can not now he estimated. The item fer the estimated years are expressed in gross value and are made to conform te the census plan so as to be comparable with those fer the census years. If the gross value of the census farm production of 1S99 is represented by 100. the value of 1S79 was 40. 9; for 1SS9, 52. 2; for 1909, 1S1.4; for 1914, 209. S; for 1915, 22S.4; and for 191, 2S5.1. In the subdivision of the value of gross production into its two main elements, crops and animal preducts, it appears that the total estimated crop value in 191C was $9,111,000,000, an amount greater than the sum of the estimated values of crops and of animal products for any year previous to 1912, greater than the total estimated crop value of 1915 by ? 2.20 4,000,0001, and of 1914 by $2,999.000,000. The total estimated value ef animal products in 1916 was $ 4,3:iS,000,000, or more than double the value for 1904, which was the highest amount to that time. It was greater than the' estimated value of animal products in 1915 by $4 70,000,000, and of 1914 by $555,000.000. Compared with the value of farm crops in 1S99, represented by 100, the crop value for 1909 was 1S3; for 1914, 203.9; for 1915, 230. 'J; and for 1916, 203.8. A similar comparison for animal products results in a percentage of 17S.7 for 1909. 220.2 for 1914, 225.1 for liU5, and 1'52.5 for 191:. The crop value for 191; increased over th;1 1 of lv.19 by 203. S percent, of 1909 by fC percent, of 1914 by 40 percent, and .of 10 15 ly perCPut. The value of aniipal products incre:e-d in 191 ej over 1S1:) ly 15L.5 percent, over 1909 by 41.3 percent, over 1914 by 14.7 percent, and over 1915 by 12.2 percent. From 190s to 1914 the total crop value, as 11 fraction of the value of total gross farm preiduction, declined from 64.6 to 61. S percent. In 101 5, cn the contrary, this tendency was not only arrested, but was sharply reversed, and the crop value then became 64.1 percent of the total of crops and animal products, followed by another sharp advance to 67.7 percent in 1916. Four crops have each exceeded a billion dollars in value at the; farm in 19 1G. The estimate for corn is $2,296.000,000; cotton lint, based em gross weight, $1,128,000,000; cotton crop, including lint and seed, $1, 4( G.OOO.OOo: ha. tame and wild. $1,162,000,000; wheat, $ 1,02, 000, 000. Other crops that each exceed a hundred million dollars are oats, $656,000. 000; potatoes. $417,000,000; farm wood-lot products, $221.000,000; apples, $1S.000,000; tobacco, $169.000.000; barley. $160.000.000. The level of prices paid to preducers for the principal crops, Dec. 1, 1916, was about 55.9 percent higher than a year previous. 52.9 percent higher than two years before of the previous eight years on Dec. 1. The year 1916 was one of comparatively low crop production, b it th prices and values ef mot of the crops were extraordinary high. GET A RECEIPT AND PROTECT YOUR RIGHTS A writer says: "Most business houses today will give you a recipt without the asking. Put it's for your own protection that you ack for one anyway. There are too many chances for a mistake to creep into the bookkeeping, and you will have to pay a:rain. "A neighbor former bought worth of wire fencincr. He paid cash for it and took the fence home. In a few weeks there was a lull mailed to him for the price of the fence. He tried his be-t to get out of it. but there were no witnesses and he had to pay the entire thinacaln. A receipt would have saved this for him. It wou'.d have tak-n perhaps three minutes to get it. b ;' Jf"? a mil. ute is prettv fair remuneration for a farmer's .ime it seems to me " A sir.sle nj r li- atinn of a ' ry mall quantity t vlinrn Vinrid has Ipti feMind to eFroy j ; . : ! f ! v nil it a anel all species o h- on poultry.

0

NEREUSE

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Indiana County Agent News

i . Z. Arelmrt. DeKalb County "'.Spent the entire week at Purdue univerity short course. Twenty-one people went with the county delegation, which was nearly three times as many as went last year." 1j. It. t'lnre, LaiHrte County 'ixty-four boys and girls won the trip to the Purdue short course due to their club work in Fie county. The trip was made over the Monon in a special coach and special lunch was served en the train at Monon on the way down. Fach boy and u'irl was requested to take a notebook and many of them were well hlle-d. All the boys and girls expressed many thanks for the privilege of the trip and stated that they had secured a lot of valuable information. One little Polish girl, who had never been on a train before, living in a home where in the winter all the windows are nailed down, and. after listening to tho lecturers on the value of fresh air, made the statement on the return trip that -he would see that the windows were opened from now on. V.'e feel that no part of our work is accomplishing as much good as our boys and girls' club work." A. I. Cohh. .Jackson County 'The three winners in the club work received free trips to the Purdue short course through the courtesy of the Seymour National bank. Seventeen people attended the short course fnm this county, being the largest number ever in attendance " (I. A. Fllis, Johnson Co. "Johnson county upheld her record at the state corn show. Grand sweepstakes on 10 ears was won by Hay Clore with Johnson county white. escar Keglcy won sweepstakes on 10 ears of yellow corn. Harry Tilton and T. O. Owens were second in section three on white and yellow corn. lioy Clore won first in section three on single ear. Johnson county men won six out of 10 prizes on 10 ears white corn, live out of 10 on 10 ears yellow corn, three out of five on single ear, two sweepstakes and one grand sweepstake." Hairy (iray, Wells Co. "The week was spent at the Purdue short course. Jast year only seven county people attended the course. This year there were 22 in the party, 12 of whom were boys and girls. Five of the. e boys and girls had won cash premiums in club work ami used the money to help defray the expenses to the short course." A. J. Ilutcliins, Allen Co. "Sixtyfour people from Allen county made the trip to the Purdue short course in ii special cm. Four boys, winners in club work, also made the trip. One of the boys, Paul Fortmeyer, was declared champion of the state. He won first place in section ene. besides winning the grand sweepstakes in the state. He raised 102 bushels and 55 pounds on an acre at a cost of 13 cents per bushel. He won a free trip to Washington. I). " I. It. .Iolnion. Hartlmlomcw Co. "Forty-seven people? attended the Purdue short course. Of this number there were 27 boys and girls who were winners in club work. This is the largest delegation that ever attended from this county and upon their return each one expressed themselves to the effect that it was one of the most profitable weeks ever spent." W. V. Kill, Pulaski Co. "The week was spent at Purdue short course with nine boys and girls, all winners in the county club work." ;. i;. Metzger. Klkhart Co. ' Seven boys were in attenelance at the Purdue short course. The trip was REST YOUR HORSES TO GET THEIR BEST WORK In -Farm anel Fireside a writer tays: "Another problem which others 1.0 doubt as well as myself have had to meet many times is that of enough teams during a rush of summer work. With a large acreage of hay the heaviest we have ever Rrown and an unusually large field of oats, all to be harvested close to a delayed and rushed period of cornplovving. we faced a shortage of teams. In whatever way we arranged our plans for the work, we saw that there was just a little more to do than our over-worked horses j would be able to stand. i "To make matters still worse, a j period of hot. dry' weather began just at this time and we had grave fears that we would have to let ; some of the work go and stand the loss as best we could. In this per- ( I lexity an idea occurred to me which worked out in the following man- : ner: After rearranging o ar system a little we got the horses to work ; just as early in the morning as pos- ' sible. Shortly before noon we took them from the field and allowed them to rest In the cool stable until late in the afternoon. Then we took ! them out and worked them until ! dark. ' "The effect was surprising- They j net only remained in fairly good ' condition but performed more hour.iof work a day, and we managed to iget through the season in pood shi.pv With horsepower costing 'regularly from eight to 10 cents an hour, and at these particularly busy times worth from three to four times that much, a cood manager ' goin- to put himself out a little to accommodate his teams. Ti:- i dty in rrvmr'n:r tin-el ponds in I'm n re i due to tho eiuestrat;en ly the government of many factories formerly devote i to this trade. A few plants have been allowed to run o ns to avoid a complete stagnation or the industry.

very instructive and gave the d i work a great boost in the county." I). . Mjcr, YaiulerburK Co. "A special car was chartered to . arry the people from Yandcrhurg. Wuirick. Posey and Cibsnn counties to the Purdue short course. Therewere 18 in the party from Warrick. 1 4 from Vanderbuig, n e from Posey and four from Gibson. Three of the members of the Vanderbuig county delegation were winners in the corn, pig, and dairy dub contest. Their expenses v. ere paid by the Evansville chamber of commerce. The party returue I in a spe cial car." C. r. Mclntoli. (.'recno Co. -Wo ook 31 people to the short course this year, 21 boys and girls and 10 adults. We returned via Indianapolis, taking them to the state house, where they visited the governor's oface. legislature, museum and state geologist's office. They also visited Kingan's packing plant." M. O. Pence, Hendricks Co. "Twelve hoys represented this county at the short course. Eleven of these boys had finished the two months record keeping of their cows at home and stood highest in this work in their respective townships. Two of the boys finished in the upper 10 places in judging for the trophy offered by the Purdue dairy club. One boy stood third in the state in judging corn for the Scott trophy." Q. O. Itainbolt, Monroe Co. "Took two boys and two girls to the Purdue short course. This was their tirst trip anel as far as we know the first time this county has ever been represented at the short course by boy or girl club winners." (i. . Hoscnt'ians, Fountain Co. "This county was proud of the representation of boys anel girls from this county at 4he Purdue short course, and besides having the

( largest enrollment of any county in the state they also were able to carry off some of the state prizes. We had a total enrollment of ITS boys and girls aral won state jug club championship, sectional championship In the state corn clubs and first place in the junior sewing club contest. In the state organizations. Mack Reed was elected president of the state junior Corn fl rowers' association and Vernis Clore, state chairman of the federation of Hoys and Girls' clubs. Three boys and one girl will get to go to Washington from this county as the result of creditable work done by them in various clubs during the past year." I Ij. Wright, Sullivan Co. "Nine boys and girls received free trips tf the Purdue short course as a result of club work. The entire delegation from the county was 2S." TC0rJl30lT ttPOHT or nu TIIK SIGN OF C.OOI 1MIHX(E ASSETS First Mortgage Loans Real Estate Policy Loans Premium Notes Cash on Hand and in Bank . . Agents' Balances (Net) Furniture and Fixtures Interest and Rent Due and Accrued Net Premiums Due Sc Deferred In Policy Reserves $23,291.02

Dixon W. Place S -uth Gabriel R. Summers " A. S. Burkart " William Meli " F. M. Mines. V,

Washington Ave. and

SWISS ADOPT

FEDERAL PLAN Method of Combatting Foot and Mouth Disease Practically Exterminates. As a te-ult ef the ad;it;on of a federal plan of combating the foot-and-mouth disease of cattle similar to that emplo.vcd in the Fnited States, the Swiss government has succeeded in practically exterminating the malady from its cemntry, according to Vice Consul James I,. Purrell of St. Gall. Switzerland. The Swiss agricultural interests Miffered severely from foet-and-mouth disease for a number of ears. a large number of the animals either perishing er being so weakened by the malady that they had no economic value. The cattle-raising districts are dependent on exportation of the animals to adjacent countries and this business was greatly disorganized because of the prohibitions placed by such countries on importations of the cattle on account of the disease Various efforts were made separately by the various cantons to combat the disease, each in its own way, some-times with injury to neighboring district:'; but all remeelies and rules and regulations were in vain. Finally a federal veterinary bureau was established and took up the work against boundaries, adopting the practice of slaughtering all infected cattle. Through this methcul succe-s eventually has been obtained. At first this general slaughtering met with great opposition freim farmers and from veterinarians of the old school, but the success was so apparent that all prejudice was overcome. The principal slaughtering of infecteel cattle was begun about the time of the outbreak of the present European war. Swiss scientists pmnounced the meat fit for food, and since no prejudice was manifested against it much of it was fed to the troops. In the Fnited States dealer? anel consumers have been unwilling to handle or eat the meat of animals affecteel by foot-and-mouth disease, and as a result the animals slaughtered in the campaigns against the malady have been lestroyed. The chief problem in the extermination of foot-and-mouth disease in Switzerland hinged n the practice of keeping th cattle in the valleys In the winter and pasturing them in the mountains in the summer. Fach

5tL Annual Statement Conservative Life Ii surance Company of America Home Office South Bend, Ind, 1 DECEMBER 30, 1916.

LIABILITIES. Legal Reserve s Taxes Accn ed Premiums paid in advance. . . . Unearned Interest Commissions Due and Accrued

S135.S19.S3 80,140.00 1,403.21 20.56 8,076.93 686.00 4,884.53 4,404.95 1 1,738.30

$248,074.31 INCREASE FOR THE YEAR

In Assets $53,214.11 DIRECTORS Bend. Ind. Fred L. Dennis

Samuel Parker . . . Edwin R. Dean. M W illiam J. Allvr. . urur:

D

It's Filled with Happy and Contented M and Women

Main St.

1 : the highlands, foot-and-mouth ii ease would bleak out in many lo-rd-an ', run its course during th .-m hit. After aparently havn.g Rained th- ir health. th- rattb- -co 1: be gathered into the valleys f.r tl wirter. In many places the ei-i-uld then airaln re ik out. I etdi;;g low:;, but only to attack the animals anew when thev returvto ' 1 : the mountains. The r .son i cv a lira I cemrs1 wa- found to carries of the Ir.f-etion anin.i.s v ha h after thir recovery harbre-. ;h- virus of the disease on their hoofs or in the ir bodies. Much of the success of the Swi-; in eliminating foot-and-mouth disease from the-ir boundaries ;s ascribed bv the veterinarians ef the ountry to the elimination thremth slaughter of these moving carriers. It was four.el in hundred of cases that infected animals, even after apparent complete recovery and most careful elisinfection. still harbored the gerrn for several months and in many cases even loncer. Whhe It is anticipated that the elise.tse may appear sporadically in the future, the authorities feel that they now knowhow to deal with it e-ffertivelv. LIGHTS ON VEHICLES BIG SAFETY MEASURES "All persons have equal rights on the public highways and all highways whieh are picsumably safe t i travel day or night. Hut the increasing amount of night travel by automobiles reejuires the exercise .f prudence, even c emsid ring our rights. We elrive some of these motor ears, others an driven by our own neighbors, an ! still others i strangers, who, like ours Ives, wart no me. re than their own share of the rexad. "The numbe-r of ro-kl-ss automobile 1 rivers is small. Motor c;u cost too much money and human life is too precious for any saioelriver deliberately te risk an accident. The new. inexperh-noed trivr is always with us, and as long a bucgies and hers's, which are dark in color, venture out on the roaels at night without liirhts. ther will be aeeblents and uncomfortably elo escapes. If ytu must elrive without a liuht. drive a white horse; but. better, get a bugcy lamp and use p. Carry a lantern on the wagon and a small oil light or eletrb flashlight on the bicycle. "Then you may retain your half of the road without endangering yourself or others . At the same time you vvill keep your own respect as a citizen wrm lias a rinht te ue his own reiads whenever he- please-, without risking his life." Farm and I Preside. 50,872.44 1,350.00 80.56 30.06 150.4 8

siring shen cattle were tak

Accounts Due and Accrued. .. . 1,787.07 Special Reserve 3, 083.40 Surplus to Policyholders 181,719.40

1916. $248,074.31 In Insurance in Force $910,000.00 South Bend, Ind. D. I::d.