South Bend News-Times, Volume 33, Number 344, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 9 December 1916 — Page 7

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Hans 3Iarkiii i i ...i.... , icopaira One ui inc. cuuveiiiional Ariistic Conceptions of Her as a Wonisn of Striking Beauty.

SMASHED to atoms Is tho conturicsold traJition of Cleopatra's volupt uous bauty of faco anl form. Tho woman who charmed Julius Caesar and wrecked the career of Marc Antony was uly, vith irrr'ilar features, a fiat chest, Iarsro ears, small eyc. beny shoulders and a ?cra-.vny r.eck. Anl tho rest of her 'HjTv.re corresponded. This l.-j the discovery made by an expert cf the American Numismatic Society, ba.od on coin? minted and issued when Cbopatra and Anvony together ruh'-d Kypt. It formed the ba?:3 for an 1nf f-rostinc dis u.-4.0n at the soc'.ety'a recent meeiint; in Pilti:noro. Almost bir.ee htstorj uetran to bo written Cleopatra has l"ien neelaimc-d one o! tho great beauties of nil time in faco and fiirure. as wo.l a. In intelh ctuil attain-nn-nts. Hrr physical charms alonr liave teen et forth hy novdists. poets, historians, playwri-hts. painters and t?cv:l;tors ns ?o AÜrir. that all w:io razod on th:n wor capti"ated. Fho is depicted a exercising her har:n o! beauty r. re'y for the pV a-ure of watchthe emotions of hrr lover-, a'.hv.vi:. thera to worship at hrr feet until ?ho tiro i of Them then poi.-vr.inj: the:.:. I.n ir. t'.itr it r,th neor.i'. wlii.-'i ;-ho vl:i.f --..! w ;th lnddorirc enjoym.r-nt. .1 f..tal bcaaty east its spell over ('..in:. Princes ani oommon soldiers a.'ii-.e hrr. ht t u chrcr.ieled r.s su-erjn.i; e-'-uh a ;;.; 's o ar.d fate. 1;:.' Cr, k and Kori.tr. hisr'irians of hrr time acc'. aim- i her tho most b-autifal of r..or:als. li r i::t-db -fial attainments r-ntchH h.T I dii ;r.'r- ir th-ir writ- '. in his Hi-:try cf Ks: pt. I r thii--Th : a;:ty. "vt ol" :.::i. 1 v . " tn ?s nr. i rciyety rf j i . 1 h- r irr.'..t hY h -r. r.ll ttirn- I ;h:. plt.i-;-;. !t.d c-::! v--r-h.e tiac: r.t f.-r b.r a? hr C ::: A 1 it-:.-:; r, l-ti! po'.v he v. !.-. r k hiv-. I'--ivi. '.v. v.! . i.-. i..-.t: ;4 ; I.- r o;c- '-.va-4.;. r.;r.i t.t vi r...ir- 'r::.,T.: 1-v ? p,-V r . t :y A:.:hr. -m r ir. hi--t.wi. i a.- r a: 1 1 h the Oi-.ly .-u r--!,,--. of h!p: v. ho could tin Irra:.l th la1.s oag4.-3 cf all her uhj' tts:

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1 , - r - .V '- ' ' - tii: ' fi r: : . . ,1 Greeh. Egyptian. Ethloplc. Troglodytlc, Hebrew. Arabic p.nd Syriac. With these charms, at the age of five and twenty, the luxurious Antony could deny her noth 144-,. And apain Rappoport wrote: "And nothing that youth, beauty, wealth und elegance could do " Shakespeare accepted the verdict of tho ancient writers in accounting Cleoratra beautiful. Thus he describes her in "Antony and Cleopatra when, dressed as nus. she sc.ilcd on her- barge to meet Antony: ' "The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Purn'd cu the water; the poop was beaten gold; Turple tho sails, and so perfumed that The winds were lovesick Trith theia; the oars were silver. Which to the Junes cf flutes kept stroke, and made Th v.ator wakh they beat to follow faster, A- amorous cf their strokes. For her own peion. It hepxar'd all oescription." And again wrote Shapespeare: "At? cannot wither her, ncr custom stale, H'r irif:nite variety."' l'ir Lawrence Alma Tadema, in his famous canvas portraying the voyage wh.iv'h Shakeepenri' docribes. give:- her the classic features and line.' of the Greek po i.iov slie impersonated Sardou's ("1'p.itra. as portrayed by Sarah .Bernhardt and Fanny Davenport, was a beautiful voluptuary, whose physical charms w r irresistible. The Cleopatra of grand opera was a woman to feast the eyes on. V ri.ard Fh.iw's Cleopatra as played by G-rtr'tdo i'lHot. was a dehch; to all the F-vcs. ilrom's Cieopatra Pefore Juli js Caesar" showr- hr as a woman of superb, almo.t c.retk. profile, with the line-- of a Venus de Milo. 1'ut. al. for art. the stage, history and tN'Im! Tho Yuri, co'd truth as re-V'-.i!ed by t.vns a ring her l.ad and mir.ted ?.v. i'.-'.d undfr her rule is that sh.f was the op;osite cf all that ;s phy?ka'ly heautilul. IJkst. the wonderful Russian scenic

Coins Bearing What Scientists Believe Authentic Portraits of the Famous Egyptian Queen Show That Instead of Being the Voluptuously Beautiful Woman

Poets and Painters Have Always Pictured Her, She Was ScrawnyNecked, Flat-Chested, Parrot-Faced and Otherwise Ugly

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This Is How Flore Kevalles, the Russian Hallet Dancer, Thinks Cleopatra Snakelike and Far Plainer of Feature Than Artists Have Imagined

and costume designer, was the first, in providing costumes for the Russian ballot, "Cleopatre," to derart from the conventional conception of the physical Cleopatra. In keeping with his costume idea, Flore Revalles, a3 the Egyptian Queen, who poisons a hunter and watches his dyirg convulsions sfter she has first allowed him to kiss her hand, makes up as an ugly, rather than a beautiful, woman, presenting a picture which shows a striking similarity to the head of Cleopatra on what is known as the ntioch coin. This and other coins which have been brought to light, also bearing heads of Cleopatra, the numismatic investigators believe, reveal her true likeness and give umple proof that she was homely. The Cleopatra cf the Antioch coin, minted and issued while she held Antony in love lea-h in Epypi Is that of a woman of sixty, though Cleopatra died in her thirty-ninth year. CO li. C. The nose is long, aquiline and hocked at the end. eiten iin almost to th1 upper lip and giving a parrot-like eft'" et to the whole face. Th? lips are thin and compressed and the mouth straight and narrow. The chin is pcinteJ and narrow, tilting upward at the Copyright. by th Star Company

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end, and the lower Jaw is Tery pronounced. Tho lower rart of the face Is much heavier and wider than tho upper. The neck is without curves, thin and In back forms almost a straight line from the base of the skull to the shoulders. The shoulders ere thin and narrow and the upper part of the chest flat and lean. The hair is done up in short curls, bound with a fillet. What is shown of the forehead revcal3 it as short and retreating. G F. Hill, of the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum, agrees, at lca.t in part, with the American numismatic experts. In a treatise on Egyptian coins he refers to a Cleopatra coin, evidently the Antioch coin already de.-cribd. in the following words: "J i3 the only reliable icrtxait of this wouderful woman, except what is found on a few coins cf hers. But the nose has been restored, and may be a quite incorrect feature. The intellectual head is shown, but it bears little trace of the teauty which proved fatal to all who came within it? influence." In coins minted at Alexandria when Cleopatra styled herself ru.er of Egypt Great Britain Rights Reserved.

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On the Left Actual Size of One of the Coins HenrinK the Head of a Singularly Unattractive Cleopatra. On the Right the Same Coin. Greatly Enlarged. It Is on These Coins. Minted at Antioch Düring the Alliance of Antony and

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? - - i'yxjyy T- - iii . yy::y---.yy in An Ancient Sculpture Showing Cleopatra as Isis. and before she made the alliance with Antony, her face la much more preposeesslng than in tho Antioch and other coins of the lame period. The coins are the only reliable portraits, the only material on which to form an opinion of the physical characteristics of the real Cleoparta. Various drawings and sculptures of her have been uncovered at Luxor and other ruins of Egyptian cities, but in most of these she appears as Isis or some other Egyptian goddess, the head-dress disguising the real features. Mrs. A. B. Brett, formerly curator of the American Numismatic Society at Columbia University, who is now engaged on compiling a catalogue of the coins collected by the society writes: "Probably the majority of us Imagine Cleopatra as a dark-skinned or bronzed Egyptian queen wearing the royal head-dress and robe3 familiar to us from Egyptian sculptures." This is the conventional representation, but it direct contradltion to historical fact. For the secharmer of Caesar and Antony was not an Oriental either by descent or adoption. Her ancetors, the Ptolemies, were Macedonian Greeks, suc Looked Her. cessors though not lineal descendants of Alexander the Great, who ruled Egypt as the legal successors of the ancient Pharaohs. And, while the Ptolemaic monarchs were assigned the titles of royalty borne by their ancient predecessors in Egypt, and were represented ia temple sculptures in the same drcs as Greeks of the later or Hellenistic type. "Their dress, speech and manner of life were wholly Greek. Their temples and buildings were Greek. There is no reason to think that any cf the Ptolemies, not (ven Cleopatra herself, ever woro Egyptian dress except on relizious ceremonial occasions. The outstanding fact is that Cleopatra was a Greek, and therefore when we try to imagine how nhe looked we must first rid ourselves of tho notion that she was a languorous Oriental. "Wtj cannot put aside a unreliable the testimony of ancint writers who wrote of Cleopatra's beauty r.nd charm. Now. It must be admitted that the coins issued it Alexandria portraying Cleopatra are valuable documents true at least to historical detail, and that they do afford us some idea as to Cleopatra's physical typ From them and the whole series of Ptolemaic portraits on coins we gathe? that the

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.. ., - (,. 4. '. ? : ..4.' t. ' 1 . . - k ' - ; - 4 4-?. . 4.. 4" r , ' i i .4.. iv r-.-:?::"i,v-... v-' v. - 'v. - - - -. .: -r.-.A-rn . - i- . 3 ü li f ft 4 Cleopatra. That umismatists Hase Their Claim as to Cleopatra's Lack of Beauty. lino possessed as common features tti aquiline nose and a somewhat protruding chin. JWre Fhould therefore not picture Cleopatra as possessed of a classic Greek profile. But these Alexandrian issues are obviously of poor artistic workmanship, hasty end careless in style, as indeed are all the coins of the later Ptolemies. Nevertheless they do not bear out the assertion that the Queen had 'small eyes, Ms ears and a scrawny neck.' The eyes are rather prominent, the ears of normal Flze and the neck not unduly thin. But we should not, It must be allowed, concludo from them that Cleopatra was a boautiful woinan, though tho type suggests an interesting, forceful and ewn distinguished personality. "Her portraits on the coins struck at Ascalon In Palestine after hrr allianco with Antony, while faithful as to features in a general way, are so obviously cf rudo style, that they can scarcely be taken as a criterion. The head would ho judged by any one to be that of a woman of far more mature years than Cleopatra ever reached, for her tracic end came at tho age of thirty-nine. Moreover, one of the peculiar points of her charm was Faid to have lain in her youthful appeaj-ance. If her attraction consisted solely in vivacity of manner and a seductive voice and tho was in reality as old-looking for her years as the Ascalon poprtraits show her, ancient writers who have written la detail of her life, her tempcraraent and appearance would scarcely have failed to be explicit In this point. "The portraits on the coins struck at Antioch In Syria and at Athens seem to us to portray Cleopatra more accurately than any of the preceding. The aquiline nose is very pronounced, the contour of the face Is rounded, a funile playis upon her Hps. But even here we have scarcely a type which would be called beautiful. Compare, however, the rendering of Antony's head on the same coins. Now Antony, too, was accounted a handsome man. Yet to judge from thes coins alone one would think his claim to good looks absurd. His peculiar feattrrea are exaggerated to the point of grotesqueness. The same may be said of Jullu Caesar's coin-portraits, and yet tie marble head of Cae.ar in the British Museum, executed at a time when age and strenuous living had laid their mark upon him, gives U3 a distinct impression of fine looks. "With the aid cf a very little imagination, wo may picture Cleopatra ss a small woman with clear-cut features, a youthful, rounded face, eyes sparkling with fun and vivacity, and possessed of the potent and subtle charms of a delicately modulated voice and an alluring manner. The ancient writers are clear on the latter points. Plutarch doscribes perfectly her quality of charm whn he says 'Familiarity v. Ith her hid an Irresistible charm, and her form, comLined with her persuasive speech, and with the peculiar character which in a manner was diffuyed about her behavior produced a certain piquancy." He alsu adds. 'Her beauty was not In Itself al together incomparable, nor such as to strike those who saw her.'' "That is precisely th1 impression e.-t veyed by the coins. Her beauty wu no of the obvious kind." Heretofore the popular conception 'i)tu ben that Cleopatra's beiuty was mort obviou and that it waä her physic.?..' harms which "avp her asndnnry ovr hnr many lovers. But. in the li?ht of the coiuä-, history mun he revised and the power she wielded a bribed to graces of tho mini rather than of the body. She v. oo-d and won C:i(-ar and Ar. tony with th play cf .i ülrnhb- w:t with rood' which no capti .at'.-d them t:at thv xorgot the homeliiies3 of L:r features.

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