South Bend News-Times, Volume 32, Number 49, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 18 February 1915 — Page 2

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BRITISH DISCLAIM

DAMAGE

TO U. S. SHIPPING Only Eight of 77? Ships That Left the United States Since War Started, Taken Into Prize Courts, Says Grey. EXPORTS TO NEUTRAL COUNTRIES ON INCREASE Great Britian, He Says, is Suffering From Shortage of Shipping as Acutely as Other Nations In Good Faith. WASHINGTON. Feb. 1. The t-T of the Briti.-h Koveriiiiunt'.s reply to the American protect agviint iiriti.sh interference with American torni luerce tv as made leiblio Wednesday night simult.meou.Vy in Washington I and London. The Hritish reply is w ritten by .ir 1 Iti v. a rl "rey and is dated IV b. l. In acknowledging Soe'v lirvan's letter of protest the Biitish foreign secretary says that Sec'y liryan "de- , ascribes the situation produced by the j action of Great Britain as a pitiful ! une to the commercial interests of the ) United States." ir IMward Grey then ;iys in reply 1 that the British government has not interfered in any way whatsoever i with any ships that have Hailed from the I'nited States to any countries exept Holland. Denmark. Norway, j Sweden and Italy. It is only "through , those countries adjacent to the theater I of war that tie enemy introduces the ' Mipplics which he requires for the ! carrying on of the war." And of all . the ships that have cleared from the I'nited States for these countries since the beginning of the war only eight out of 7C have been placed in the prize court," Sir i:dward Grey says, "and only 4 3 temporarily detained to enable particular consignments of cargo to be discharged for the purpose of i prize court proceedings." 1 Import On Increase. .ir Kdward Grey then calls attention to the fact "that if cotton bo excluded itom the calculation the effect of the war has not been to decrease i American exports, but quite the. contrary. And cotton, while it is affected bv war is not affected by Hritish interference with commerce as it is not contraband of war and has not been interfered with in any way." In other words "the naval operation of Great I'.ritain are not the cause of any diminution in the volume of American export." Sir IMward Grey then quotes a paragraph in a circular sent out Jan. -J, by the department of commerce to the American public calling attention to the enormous increases in the foreign trade of the United States, expof.s be in? $iM;,oio.ooh for the month of iNovemb r, or double the total for August; lce.'inber showing a still further improvement, experts being 2 p;,eOU,000. or $ir.,oou. 000 more than for the month of December, 3!ti :, when there was no war. Sir 1 Ma aid Grey then states that Ircni Aiuu-t 1 to November "0 in M'ite of the "acute, but temporary disturbance of trade after the outbreak of the war," Great Rritain and her allies look $JS ,".". U.ono worth of goods from the I'nittd States as com pared with ...!..'. i.ouu m tiie same period last year when there was no war. On the other hand Germany and Kelgiwm took only Jl.SSl.ono as compared with ? 1 7 7.1 "t".,io. To neutral countries the exports of the lnit?d States have actually increased. Does Not Interfere. "The yen era 1 complaint in your exttllnuy's note." Sir IMward Grey writes to Secy Hryan. "was that the e-tion of Great I'.ritain was affecting adversely the commeiae of the I'nited States with neutral countries. The , naval operations of Great Itritain cer tainly does not liiteriere witn tne ; commerce of the I'nited States on its way to 1 hi -land am! allied countries. "Yet It is the exports of Great I'.ritain .'tnd her allies during the four months which have diminished by JL'S. 000,000 Doughnuts Tlvat -will remain moUt. Every housewife who Kikes her own bread knows that if a little potato is added to the sponge, the bread will not dry out as quicklv. In this rccire potato is utilized to make doughnuts that will remain moist and freh for several days. K C will be found to have distinct advantages over any other Baking" Powder lcr doughnuts. K C is a double acting baking powder with which a hrvjc batch of doughnuts may be mixed and fried a few at a time. The last will be as liht and nice J as the first. K C Potato Doughnuts By Mrs. School fame. NcraJa lnr fco5! of Hakir.. Sirups jlour; 2egj$: 1 cup tuir; U level ttavpccrj'uts K C Hzkitu? Fon der; 5 tca3 pointful salt; teaspoon ful tnctCCl 1 CUV COul D.dshfd 1 v id 5 Tv,f,.f,,;5 rir.) iv ilk. or n.ore tj Tlttdcd Sift three tur.cr, the fi-.mr, sa'.t, spice ar.d V:,k.i: Tender. Beat ti with rotary lifater, then ttill usir. rotary herder, cradle!!)' aid a.ai, then work in the rr.asheJ potato with a spoon 2nd ahrrr-aTclv a id milk and flour mixture. Make a soft dou-h, roll jrto a 1 t, rv.t ir.!o rour.ds, pir.f h a r..:c :n theceider ith the f.r.er ar.d fry in deep fat. rat for fr:r.- il-.ouM r.ot he hot tr.m i to Irown the du:r,hnut ur.til it his riser.. When the ilour.la.i.t ii dropped i: to the fat it iir.ks to th.e bcttorn. As soon a it comes t.p it ihcuh! be tarried ar.d turned a r.umoci oi times vih.i'e cookir.. Tlas recipe is ex. crl!er.t as they do ru t take the fat in frying r-ij yriil sUy tr.oiit for dayi.

whereas the Amrrlcan commrrco with neutral t ountrie.s ami Austria Increased bv over $20.o00, 000. " It is fair to inft r, the British foreign secretary states, that a substantial part of thU increase of trade with neutral countries wa in fact "intend

ed for the enmy countries Kotng f through neuflal porta by routes through which commerce was previously unaccustomed." One of the many inconveniences caused by the war is the s-rious nhorta,'e in shipping1 available for transport and the consequent result of excessive freight charges. Not Cau-eil By Knglaml. "It cannot fairly be said." contends the Uriti.'h foreign hceretary, "that this shortage H caused by Great Britain's interference with neutral .ships. At the present time there are only seven neutral vessels awaiting adjudication in the prize courts in this country and three in the British dominions. Bvery effort is being made to expidite the release of those ships on ball. Only one neutral vessel is now being detained in this country in addition to those awaiting adjudication in the prize court. . "Great Britain is suffering from the shortage in shipping and the rise in freight rates as acutely as any other nation. The enemy's ships which have ben condemned in the prize courts are being sold as rapidly as possible in order that they may be available tor use. "Your excellency will see, therefore," .ir IMward Grey continues, "that his mtjesty's government are doing all in their power to increase the volume of shipping available. I hope it will be realized that the detention of neutral ships by his majesty's government with a view to the capture of contraband trade on its way to the enemy has not contributed nearly so much to the shortage of shipping as has the destruction of neutral vessels by submarine mines indiscriminately laid by the enemy on the high seas many miles from the coast in the track of merchant vessels. An ictroycl Uy .Mines. "I'p till now IT, neutral vessels have been reported as destroyed by mines on the high seas; quite apart from all questions of the breach of treaties and the destruction of life, there is far more reason for protest on the score of belligerent interference with innocent neutral trade through the mines scattered by the enemy than through tle British exercise of the right of seizing contraband." From all of which the British foreign secretary argues that the complaint, of the American government "is founded on a misconception". He proceeds to argue that the right of belligerent nations to capture contraband goods on their way to an enemy is ancient, but that the means of exercising it Ikls necessarily changed with the advent of steam power which renders it "as easy for a belligerent to supply himself through the ports of a neutral contiguous country as through his own". He continues: "Xo better Instance of the necessity of countering new devices for dispatching contraband goods to an enemy by new methods of applying the fundamental principle of the right to capture contraband can be given than the stops which the government of the United States found it necessary to take during the American Civil war. It was at that time that the doctrine of continuous voyage was first applied to the capture of contraband, that s to say, it was then for the first time that a belligerent foulid himself obliged to capture contraband gooda on their way to the enemy, even though at the time of capture thev were enrotite for a neutral port from which thefcv were intended subsequently to continue their journey. Filed Xo Protest. , "The policy then followed by the government of the United States was not inconsistent with general principles already sanctioned by international law. and met with no protest from his majesty's government, thmmh it was upon British cargoes and upn British ships that the losses anil the Inconvenience due to this newdevelopment of the application of the old rule of international law principally fell." Sec'y Seward's contention during the American Civil war that belligerent rights must be maintained eve n if they inflict hardships upon neutrals are quoted by the British foreign secretary. Sir Edward Hrey admits that the British method of making inquiries into the character of cargoes "is to a certain extent a new introduction", but he contends that it is to the advantage of neutrals. He then quotes the following passage in See'y Bryan's note of protest: "In the opinion of this government the belligerent right of visit and search requires that the search should be made on the high seas at the time of the visit and that the conclusion of the search should rest upon the evidence found on the ship under investigation and not upon circumstances ascertained from external sources." To this the British foreign secretary replies: Principle is Impossible. "The principle here enunciated appeals to me to be inconsistent with the practice in these matters of the I'nitel Stat.s government as well as of thi British government. It certainly was not the rule upon which the United States government acted either during the Civil war or during the Spanish-American war. nor has it ever been the practice of the British government, nor so far as 1 am aware, of any other government which has had to carry on a great naval war; as a principle I think it is inipn?slhl in modern times. The necessity for giving the belligerent captor full liberty to establish by all the evidence at his disposal the enemy destination with which the goods were shipped v. as recognize in all the leading decisions in the prize courts of the United States during the Civil war. "The growth in the size of steamships necessitates in many cases that the vessel should go into calm water in order that even the right of visit, as apart from the right of search, should be exercised. In modern times a steamer i capable of pursuing her oyage irrespective of the conditions of the weather. .Many ef the neutral merchantmen which our naval o!!:eers are called upon to visit at sea are encountered by our cruisers in places and under conditions which itT.drr the launching of a boat impossible. The conditions during win-! tir in the north Atlantic frequently render it impracticable for days to-etlu-r for a naval ollieer to board avessel 0:1 her way to Scandinavian 1 countries. If a belligerent is to be! denied the right of taking a neutral ' merchantman- met with under such! conditions inA calm venter in order th.it the i.Mt. orheer may go aboard, i th riu'ht of visit and of .search would t b. votne a nullity. "The present conflict isn't the first in which this necessity has arisen; aslong ago as the Civil war the United States found it necessary to take vessels to United States ports in order to determine v. hetln r the circumstances' justified their detention. The same ned arose during the Bus-ian-Jap-anese war and also during the second Balkan war. -Xo power in these daa can afford

LITE YOUR BOWELS A! STOP

LDS, HEADACHES, S

TV "ii til'? rascals nut the heaty ache, biliousness, indigestion, constipation, the sick, sour stomach and bad colds zrzrn them out tonight with Cascarets. Don't put in another day of distress. It Cascarets cleanse and sweeten your stomach; remove the sour, undigested and fermenting food and that misery-making gas: take the excess bile from your liver and CANDY to forego the exercise of the right of visit and search. Vessels which are apparently harmless merchantmen can be used for carrying and laying mines and even fitted to discharge torpedoes. Supplies for submarines can without ditliculty be concealed under other cargoes. The only protection against these risks is to visit and so-arch thoroughly every vessel appearing in the zone of operation and if the circumstances are such as to render it impossible to carry it out at the spot where the vessel was met with, the only practicable course is to take the ship to some more convenient locality for the purpose. To do so is not to be looked upon as a new belligerent right, but as an adaptation of the existing right to the modern conditions of commerce." (iovcriimeiit Help. "It is the common experience." the British foreign secretary continues, "that neutrals whose attempts to engage in suspicious trading are frustrated by a belligerent are wont to have recourse to their government for redress. "When an effective mode of redress is open to them in the courts of a civilized country by which they can obtain adequate satisfaction for any invasion of their rights which is contrary to the law of nations, the only course which is consistent with sound principle is that they should be referred to that mode of redress and that no diplomatic action should be taken until their legal remedies have been exhausted and they arc in a position to show prima facie denial of justice. "The course adopted by his majesty's government during the American Civil war was in strict accordance with this principle. In spite of remonstrances from many quarters they placed full reliance on the America prize courts to grant redress to the parties interested in cases of alleged wrongful capture by American ships of war and put forward no claims until the opportunities for redress in those courts had been exnausted. The same course was adopted in the Spanish-American war." Furnishing Particulars. Sir Edward Grey reminds Mr. Ryan that Great . Britain is now furnishing the United States with particulars of every ship seized under American colors and that a special committee has been appointed to examine into the destination of cargoes and facilitate the release of ships. He continues: "Particular attention is directed in you excellency's note to the policy we are pursuing with regard to conditional contraband, especially food.1 ffs and it is there stated that a number of American cargoes have been seized without, so far as your excellency's government are informed, your being in possession of facts which warrant a reasonable belief that the shipments had in reality a belligerent destination and In spite of the presumption of innocent use due to their being destined to neutral territory. The note does not specify any particular seizures as those which formed the basis of this complaint and I am therefore not aware whether the passage refers to cargoes which were detained before or since the order In council of the 29th of October was issued. "The principle that the burden of proof shouhl always be imposed upon the captor has usually been admitted as a theory. In practice, however, it has almost always been otherwise and any student of the prize courts decisions of the past or even of modern wars will find that goods seldom escape condemnation unless their owner was in a position to prove that their destination was innocent. Harden On Claimant. "In the peculiar circumstances of the present struggle," Sir I'dward Grey continues, "where the forces of the enemy comprise sc large a proportion of the population and where there is so little evidence of shipments in private as distinguished from government account, it is most reasonable that the burden of proof should rest upon the claimant. "The circumstances of the present struggle are causing his majesty's government some anxiety as to whether the existing rules with regard to conditional contraband, framed as they were with the object of protecting so far as possible the supplies which were intended for the civil population, are effective for the purpose or suitable to the conditions present." The Hritish foreign secretary then quotes from Bismarck's statement in 1SS4 declaring that there was no rea

PIS"

1 have studied the trend of winter travel, it's desire? and fulfillment, knowing, by experience, just what the possihilities are. the cost and time it take. The

FLORIDA, the GULF COAST, TEXAS, ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA AND NORTH PACIFIC COAST Including Prince Rupert .ts now transcontinental terminus. I have -iefcrintiv tm."ks and nij whivli ar f;- fer the akIvg. This rintM iu.i ttpr it:ri!ih., all availlle detail regarding t bt an X"ranrieo I'ntin a and the Jn Iir K I"0I1 ION IS, for tvhirh round-trip exnirslun far are

mane ually ami etra fare

MA Kill C.H. in New Orlran. MoMIr

. nd iVnsaIa Keh. 11 to f. uthorlz.1. Au C A. M'Nutt.

00(1 STOIC

carry off the decomposed waste matter and constipation poison from the bowels. A Cascaret tonight will straighten you out by morning a 10-cent box keeps your head clear, stomach sweet, liver and bowels regular .and you feel bully for months. Don't forget the children their little insides need a good, gentle cleansing, too. Adv. CATHARTIC son for opposing the treatment of rice as contraband of war. lCvery War a Calamity. "Every war is a great calamity," said Prince Bismarck, "which entails evil consequences not only on the combatants, but also on neutrals. These evils may easily be increased by the interference of a neutral power with the way in which a third carries on the war. The measure has. for its object the shortening of the war and is justifiable if impartially enforced against all neutral ships." Referring to the German government's seizure of grain, Sir Edward Grey says: "Another circumstance which is now coming to light is that an elaborate machinery has been organized by the enemy for supply of foodstuffs for the use of the German army from overseas. Under these circumstances it would be absurd to give any definite pledge that in cases where the supplies can be proved to be for the use of the enemy forces they should be given complete immunity by the simple expedient of dispatching them to an agent in a neutral port. "The reason for drawing a distinction between foodstuffs intended for the civil population and those for the armed forces or enemy, disappear when the distinction between the civil population and the armed forces itself disappears. Is Xo Clear Division. "In any country in which there exists tremendous organization for war as now obtains in Germany there is no clear division between those whom the government is responsible for feeding and those whom it is not. Experience shows that the power to requisition will be vised to the fullest extent in order to make sure that the wants of the military are supplied and however much goods may be imported for civil use it is by the military that they will be consumed if military exigencies require it, especially now that the German government have taken control of all the foodstuffs in the country. Acts Are Consistent. "My hope is that when the facts which I have set out above are realized and when it is seen that outnaval operations have not diminished American trade with neutral countries and that the lines on which we have acted are consistent with the fundamental principles of international lawit will be apparent to the government and people of the United states that his majesty's government have hitherto endeavored to exercise their belligerent rights with every possible consideration for the interests of neutrals. "It will still be otir endeavor to avoid injury and loss to neutrals, but the announcement by the German government of their intention to sink merchant vessels and their eorgoes without verification of their nationality of character and without making any provision for the safety of noncombatant crews or giving them a chance of saving their lives has made it necessary for his majesty's government to consider what measures they should adopt to protect their interests. It is impossible for one belligerent to dei-art from rules and precedents and for the other to remain bound bv them." i:i or nun; salf. Milton's Drug Store closes for good next .Saturday night. Final week for big bargains in drugs, medicines and sundries. Adv. For Colds and Throat and Lung Troubles. A pure food medicine. 50 years in use. No alcohol or poisonous drugs. si JL row - ,v Special Io-.v r. - .r. Agent.

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The opening of a larger Corset business starts tomorrow

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On Sale Tomorrow and Saturday at Less than Half the Regular Selling Price Special Note The manufacturer helped us work out the plan for this sale. We went to the Henderson Corset Makers stating our willingness to divide our profits with our customers. They came to our help, generously offering to make these 756 pairs at actual cost. These are not broken lines, not old models, but fresh new goods, which we bought last Tuesday. Four models, every one of which we carry in stock and reorder from every day.

Style No. 829 Regular price S 1,50 Sale price

Made of coutil, medium bust and long skirt lightly boned, three supporters.

Style No. 891 The "Tricot" Corset, low bust, long hip, lightly V - ' ' . supporters. A regular $3.00 Corset, (' 1 V? " at this sale X J J Style No. 2991 The "LaPrincess" Corset, elastic webbing lop and bonom, ,ee hose supporters. A regular $3.50 Corset''1 - (-f at this sale tyl.KjV

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Comes a splendid line of Corset Covers. A special number we are now ottering, made of long cloth with short lace sleeves, also prettily trimmed with laces and embroidery. Specially priced at JZC A Showing of New Undermuslins The New Envelope Chemise of mercerized batiste. Handsomely - rr trimmed with lace top and bottom at tplUU The New Envelope Chemise, hand embroidered and (Jjl lr set in lace medallions, at PAA New Shipment Just Received

Kimona and Lounging Robes, beautiful colors, with new floral effects d0 QO silk, trimmings. Also some in plain colors. Prices from $1.00 to ipdd.UO

and silk II III lll'll II I ' I I t- "

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Off A inT

xV overcoats xV Wmil 4 III ??s Saturday Wpm Saturaay J IX Only ftyfip P i Only l i r Children's (F Children's AW-i o j Off FVi- Qff j Sweater x i Neck-

i Loats X

Company

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in gut New Corset Section. t. in H & fi a o? if tin rw is: Style No. 629

Regular price S2.oo

SI. 00 coutil, medium bust, long hips tubing in skirl. U Corsets OHO T3 ii m ii wear

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