South Bend News-Times, Volume 30, Number 234, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 19 August 1913 — Page 2

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r) In the Fhipps Psychi

atric Clinic, at uaitnaore, the theory of Dr. Si;nund Frcml, the eminent German scientist, that the dream is of actual sisnificance, and that it may be regarded as a symptom and so analyzed for therapeutic purpose's, is being practically worked out. The I'hipps Psychiatric Clinic is probably the most perfectly equipp?d institution of its kind in the world. Its establishment is due to the generosity of Mr. Henry I'hipps, of Pittsburg, who, moved by the dark picture of many institutions for the care of persons suffering from mental lesions, offered to Johns Hopkins University the money to build and maintain a clinic whose purpose should be the development of science in relation to the curable forms of disorders of the mind. Therefore the Pbipps clinic was established, a luxurious place which looks like a very beautiful private estate. The observation room resembles an unusually large and bandsome drawing room, but it Is cone the less an observatory, for cunningly concealed by the mural decorations are innumerable points of secret observation from which the patients may be regarded. There is a charming theatre, a gymnasium, beautiful gardens, every sort of provision for the pleasure and varied life of the patient. Most interesting of all the features of this wonderful institution is the provision made for gathering up rifi dreams of the patients. A very comfortable chair is placed beside the bed of each patient, because it is sometimes necessary for a physician to spend the night in it. It is the duty of this physician immediately'on the awakening of the patient to get from him the story of his dreams of the night. Before fhe patient has had a moment for forgetting, before any of those singular obsessions which may possess him in his waking hours have

been permitted to assert themselves, the physician leans forward, pad and pencil in hand, and asks in calm and friendly fashion : "What did you stream, old fellow?" He must not weary should the dream be rambling. He must not falter In the recording of a single detail. Everything .counts in dream analyses, and it is dream aoal7rM which the modern scientists hope to link with the psychic concatenation which must bo followed backward from the starting point of the pathological idea which possesses the patient to the germ from which the idea sprang. So the dream analyst sits beside the bed of the patient and faithfully gathers the fragments of the dream as opportunity offers. Suppressed desires, unfulfilled wishes, which are not even recognized consciously; aspirations, unacknowledged passions, find their avenue of expression. It i.s believed, through the medium of dreams. That is why the dreams of the patient are o important In the nnalyeU of his condition. That the repression of these hidden longings, wLshes, desires, has contributed to the disturbed condition of the patient is the basis on which the analysis of the dream Is conceived to be of primary significance.

"I must insist," says Dr. Treud, "that! the dream actually has significance and: that a scientific procedure in dream inter- i pretation is possible. I have long Wm iceupied with the solution of certain1 psychological structures in hysterical phobias, compulsive ideas nnd the like for therapeutic purposes. Where it has bvn possible to trace such a p.ith.dozie ida Lick to t tie elements in the psychic lif of the patient to which it owes its rijin this ida has crumbled away and the patient has been relieved of it. In the course of

the-se pycho-analy tical studies I happf.:d

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beard and eyes that instantly assure you that affectation, dissimulation or any other defence against their power to discover all about you in short order is entirely useless. He is a combination of tenseness and toleration and he is profound as well as keen. He assures you with one glance that he knows all about you ; then he assures you also with a glance that it doesn't matter. The dissection of dream stories is an everyday part of the Meyer laboratory work. Dr. Meyer and his assistants analyze and test these stories and finally add their findings to all of the other information that they have beea able to glean about the patient. The subconscious wish that is under the dream is one of the things they are most anxious to discover, although no thread of the dream fabric is unobserved.

"What does the soose dream of?" says is contained in that proverb. The conscious the ancient proverb, and the answer is The maize." "I do not know of what animals dream," gays Dr. Freud, "but the whole theory that the dream is the fulfilment of a wish wish is not the germ of a dream, which must have its root in a subconscious wish. The conscious wish is only t-e motive of a dream when it succeeds in arousin? a similar wish in the subconsciousness." Even more skill than that of Joseph is needed for the analysis of the dream from the standpoint of the modern scientist. The theory does not rest upon manifest dream content," according to Dr. Freud, "but upon the thought content which is found to lie behind the dream by the process of interpretation." There are two forces at work in the creation of a dream

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cf.Some Wealthy Person.

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unken Gardsri3 of the New Oinic at Johns HcpVhs McitiL

in the dream of ajoy not jet four years old who had bn sent s'lpperlffs to Led because he had been naughty. Next moniing th b 'V related his dream, in v Licli he had seca a uih on which was a large piece of roast meat. Without being cut into pieces the roast was suddenly eaten in its entirety. The boy did cot see who ate it. There is no doubt that it was he who partook of the feast, but the dream censor disfigures the dream by hiding from him the identity of the diner, since he had beonr forbidden to eat that evening. The dream censor was also at work in the cae of a woman patient who had been very fond of a pmall son of her sister's. The boy died and the aunt was later terrified by a very vivid dream in which the seemed to be attending the funeral of her surviving nephew, the brother of the dead boy. She had not cared so much for the living boy as for the one that died, and she was horrified by the thought that her dream might mean that she wished this remaining nephew might die. When she told her dream she admitted, on being questioned, that her sister, with whom she had lived, had interfered in a love affair which she had had with a university professor, whom it had been tacitly understood that she would marry. "Can I be wicked enough to wish that my sister should be left childless?" the d i earner asked the psychiatrist. If the dream had been taken on its surface value this of course would have been its intorpietation, but Dr. Freud believed the interpretation to be entirely different. He found out that the last occasion on whi the young woman had seen tlin profsor, with whom she was still deeply in love, was the funeral of her nephew. In her dream she had reproduced precisely the conditions which prevailed at this funeral, except that the eccnd nephew was substituted for the first. Unwilling to acknowledge oven to her self her deep longing to see the professor, her unfulfilled wish expresed itself ia dreaming out an occasion on which she would be sure to see him again, since, as he was an old friend of the family, it would be necessary for him to appear at the funeral of the second nephew, as he had at the first. To disguise her

. i wish, even to her subconscious self, she fabric. One is the force of the unfulfilled' it and by questioning the dreamer trace peacefully for a long time, for his 'Ub.iia(j paCP( jts realization in a situation

liv.niii iu inio consciousness me luspirauou oi iuc uream 10 lu jse ex-: not to get up nau ueen gruiuieu oy lue . -which persons are supposed to be so

auu 10 realize nseit in tne cream. ine; penences ana emotions wnicn nave crysother. force is the censor, for even in tallized into the subconscious wish, dreams the human being is not entirely j As a very simple Illustration of the confree to express himself. This censor hasinection of dreams with the subconscious the effect of distorting the dream, invert- w-ish Dr. Freud gives the dream of a

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uivam. aiurdujr us ne nuu ui.ameu ue;fiy wiU sorroW that love IS not thought was already in the hospital there was no of Tho fact that php llrcam)3 (j b

necessity for him to get up to go there.

present at her nephew's funeral without

, , , ; feeling any gru-f was no proof of her the Russian newspaper censor who black . ,.f, , Tk . ,

ing it, thwarting it so that the dream is, young physician who disliked to get up in (pencils all the foreign journals which pass fc , A . , t e ,v , , . . .. . j . . . '. ,.,,,,11 'meant that this feature of the dream not an obvious representation of the un- the morning. He was called by his land-; the frontier. Lven in childhood the dream- , A . . Ti r .:,, , . , . , T, . . , . , , , , . j i wa of no importance in itself. It merely

cunning perversions it misrepresents the time that he was at the hospital. He im-l termined a suppressor of facts as the cen-

subconscious desire of the dreamer. There-1 mediately fell asleep asain and dreamed ; sor of the waking moments. One of the

fore the interpreter is needed to gather! that he was in the hospital occupying a up the ragged ends of the dream, analyze bed. After having this dream h? slept

furnished the machinery for the fulfilment of her wish. A very strange instance of dream trans-

nm;- rondili- understandable rates of in-

11, ,,. - .- i formation so that the dream fabric would tcrvention bv tne dream censor occurred j

NEW DUKE

OF SUTHERLAND, ENGLAND'S LARGEST

LANDOWNER

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The Fourth Duke of Sutherland. The Dowager Duchess of SutherlantL

ITII the accession of the Mar-

of Stafford, 0vr;'o ("Jraiiville

ideas which came to them in connection, Sutherland Levcson-Oower, to the with a giv. ii theme relited their dreams. ukrdoni of Sutherland, following the death and thus taucht me that a dreum may be .of the fourth duke, an cn.irmi.u? acreage o: linked with the psvehic 'or.catenati n which must be followed tackward into the I5ritUh l has fhacse-J owners. The Duke memorv." f Sutherland is the largest landowner ia Dr. IV-ud tell? of his experiences in th? tireat Iiritain, as well as the head of out

upon the dream interpretation. My pa- Y tients after thev had informed ir.e of all quis

of the oldest families of the nobility.

analysis of dreams in his work "The Id

terpretatioa of Dreams." Tradition declares that the first Karl of After the person who has been assigned Sutherland was one of the original Morto gather the dream fragments of the pa- maers, or prehistoric counts of S -otland, tient at th,? l'hipp clinic has made a full although the title can be traced on!v from record he hastens i t h i: to the office of the grant of Alexander II. of Scotland in the clinic and submits it t the con: '.era- l-'M. Legend traces the title back to tion of Dr. Adolph Meyer, tn head of the 10."i7, but William, historically known as clinic, who is acknowledged to be one of the first earl, was given the title in V2?0 the greatest psychiatrists in America. Dr. for his services in suppressing an insurMeyer, who is responsible f.T the introduc-. rection. An Fnglish barony was ecu tion of dream analysis into the clinic, is a ferred on the Scotch earl in 1120 and he

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The New Duchess of Sutherland

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Trentham Hall, Staffs.

Stalford Hcuss.

of th title in 1T4G was made Earl Oower ruined it as., residence. Humord Housej Britain, the Sutherland family history i? and Viscount Trrntham. The Farl cf b.r.s been sold ro iV Williotn i.rpr T!if -r!ivrit minv Tviro-iti rinir

Sutherland became the Duke cf Suther- seats of the Duke of Sutherland are Dun- The twelfth carl in 1M2 forfeit-d his lent duchf-s, who was Lady Lilecn the lover. Ite chiluren going on beroro

land in IS.;. robin Castle. ( o st e. Slither and: House title for susoected comnlicitr in th Earl liwiadys U u tier, tiauguier i i-f v-iu uir

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Earl of Lanesboroiigh. is a dasiuicg, c:ever .o: ner imaginauon, conneciea com wna

accord in some degree with the conscious

code of the dreamer was tnat of a woman who dreamed that she was present at a

i funeral procession in which the dead per

son was a man who very much resembled her husband, an acquaintance in whom she had no particular interest except that she had noted this resemblance. The hearse was preceded by groups cf little children scattering flowers and followed by the dreamer in the company of an acquaintance of her girlhood. The scientific interpretation of this dream was that the woman, unwilling

I to admit to herself her real wish, the

underlying motive for the dream, had perverted it so that even to herself the truth was not recognizable. Her subconscious wish, which she had never acknowledged

jeven in her most secret thought, wa 'that she mirrht have children of her own. jShe believed alo, without conscious ad- ; mission, that she would have the happiness of bearing children were she to be J married to some one else, and her imag

ination subconsciously selected for the husband who should have been hers a wanted the title for her foh. The son of L"-r "honl Lad rcJ,fcr w!J'n h" the rl haJ al-o toe, iaviteJ to thc ry youcg Sjrl. sLe woU d hare , ... i r.A v ti, been, both astoniihed and terrified if she 'poison banquet, and escaped by uie 1 , t ; tr, i.o nr. hd realized that it was her unfulfilled

cidentally detained. The guilty

The New Duke of Sutherland.

trator of th crime r.-;;s di--overed and -iL lu'""" Ui -"""i sentencod to death for killing U.e earl, but S;IW possible realization cf thU she forestalled the authorities and took wi.h. .Shrinking from tho visualization her own life while in prison. of 'c r tws'-an J as dead even in her dreams The mother cf the present duke, now fhe ubstituled for him a man who redowacr duchess, was Fanny St. Clair .'mbled him and in the same way Erskine, daushter of the fourth Earl of substituted for her chihlhood's lover, her RosIyn. She was married when -he was interest in whom Fhe was afraid and seventeen years old. and is still one of the ashamed to admit to herself, the figure most beautiful as well as the most active of a young man who meant nothing to

and vital women of England. The prcs- her but who had bec-a the associate of

Irenthara Hal . one of the scats cf the of IY.nzue. Tonzue. Sutherland: Lil'eshall. of HnntlvV; rebellion. Tt rfsrorpd

Duke of Sutherland, has been dismantled Newport Salop; Ilrook. Alberta, Canada, in l.'C". This unfortunate earl was after-land pretty woman and a great favorite iahe death of her present husbani and the

iail man with aa irritable little IUX. became Haron Gower ia 1703. The holder bebusa the neuhborhood lotteries havej Like most of the noble families of Great ward poisoced by his uncles widov, who society. presence at cr eiue cl her old iorcr. i j I I