Rensselaer Semi-Weekly Republican, Volume 40, Number 38, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 17 January 1908 — Page 7

FARM AND GARSEN

Sheep when crowded Into dark, poorly ventilated stables will not thrive. Grade up your herd by getting a pure \bred sire. and using the tester and scales. Keep the horse under as even conditions as possible. He Is a sensitive creature and feels weather changes. Keep the horse stable as clean and dry as possible, and don’t forget that sunlight is tonic which the horse needs. Every farmer must be an experimenter to a limited extent If he would make the success of farming which It is his privilege to do. Get rid of the idea that one cow Is as good as another. Only the test can prove what each cow is doing. Keep a record and weed out the unprofitable cows. How does your neighbor do the thing which bothers and perplexes you? Ever take time to study other people’s methods and find that you could Improve on your own? If not, you have something to learn. •The time to begin development of the dairy cow is several generations before she is born. But if you cannot do that, you ean at least treat- the heifer calf right and make her all that is possible. Always fepyak to farm animals when working around them. Children should, be taught to do this, especially, as it is one of the greatest precautions against accidental injuries. Of course too much talking can be done, In which case it loses its force with the beast. The irrigation of land dates back to the time of Egypt, yet to hear some people talk about Irrigation in the West one would think it an entirely new thing. Nevertheless it’s no goldbrick scheme, but a business proposition that calls for a little careful thought. The following points should be kept In mind when sorting apples for storage: (1) Only the better grades should be stored. (2) They should be stored as soon as possible after picking. (3) Only “hard ripe” fruit will keep well in cold storage. (4) A uniform temperature of 31 to 32 degrees F?ls best. (5) They should be-ptrt on the market as soon as they reach their highest maturity •or before. A midwinter variety is best marketed in midwinter. (0) Apples with-color do not, as a rule, rfcald as readily as other kinds. The Mammoth Black Twig is an. Important exception. (7) The quality of the fruit Is maintained better in storage when the fruit is wrapped.

Soy Beans and Cow Peas. The complaint Is sometimes made that the soy bean does not enrich the soil to the same extent as does the culture of the cowpea. Judging from the chemical composition of the two crops, says a bulletin by the Indiana Station, it seems possible that when both crops are removed from the soil the soy bean carries away a greater quantity of fertility because the grain is so much richer in nitrogen than the grain of the cowpea. If, however, both crops are used for green manuring, z their chemical composition cannot produce a wide difference In soil improvement. The higher nitrogen content of the soy bean seed is offset by heavier yields of green material in case of the cowpea. Feedin* Cattle with Ho**. Feeding steers profitably without hogs following the cattle on the average farm In the corn belt depends upon various conditions. All of us know that hogs are a large source of profit in beef-making and that they naturally go with cattle when fed on corn, and especially so where the cattle are 2 years old and over and are fed shelled or ear corn. In feeding steers 2 years old and over without hogs the waste could be materially reduced.by grinding the corn, and I have known of several lots of cattle fed in this way without hogs that made money, but they were good, well-bred steers, well bought, well handled and went on a fair market, and were well sold. Yoqug steers under 18 months old -will carry along fewer hogs than older cattle even if fed" shelled corn, therefore the waste would be much leas lu feeding young cattle without hogs. From my experience and observation. if I fed cattle without hogs I would fSed young cattle, fattening ahd marketing them, to weigh from 800 to DCO (rounds, and I would grind the corn fed to them after they reached BSO pounds. Of course there would be considerable waste In this case, as one shote to four head of these cattle could be carried along nicely, especially when these young ht>gw rnn on grass with the cattle.—C. B. Smith. Th® Wonntn* Colt. Weaning time Is a very critical period of the colt’s Ufa. If the coit !• Mt back at thia time It wIU mean a loss

of size that will never be made up. If properly handled, however, there need be no sacrifice. In the first place the colt Should be eating grain long, before It is weaned and the more it can be persuaded to eat the better. We never fear overfeeding of colts up to the age of eight or ten months. While sucking the dam the amonnt of grain it will eat will be very small, yet the returns from this feed are very good. Oats are of course the best feed for colts and if there is any kind of stock on the farm that it will pay to feed high-priced oats to this winter it will be the young colt and the amount of feed they will eat will be very small compared with the benefits accrued. When changing to dry feed the colt is very often troubled with constipation. Occasional feeds of dry bran or bran mash will be very Ueneficlal in relieving this condition. Wean the colt gradually, don’t chop off its milk ration all at once. We have always tried to let the dams do the weaning themselves, allowing the dam and colt to run together in the pasture, making things as easy for the brood mare as possible. When cold nights come put both of them up In the barn. Have a strong halter and rope ready for the colt. Then when winter comes the colt will be broken to stand well in the stable and if it has become gradually used to depend on dry feed it will be weaned and halter broken without ever having caused any great trouble or without having damaged its growth in the least.

Cotton Seed. From what a half century ago were worse than rubbish heaps, more than a million dollars a week now come. The story of this “find” reads like a romance. Before the war the disposal of cotton seed gave | the glnuers great concern. It was usually hauled away somewhere to rot, or dumped into a neighboring stream, where it soon became a nuisance. The old laws of Mississippi and other States provided severe penalties for ginners who did not dispose of it lu such a way that it would not be a menace to public health. To-day the uses of cotton seed are so numerous that the census office has published diagram showing the courses which the four parts of each little seed may take. These are classified as “waste,” “linters,” “hulls” and “meats.” The waste is still waste, even thotigh that characterization of anything now leads a fugitive existence. The linters--are used in cotton batting. The hulls may go in three directions—into fuel, the ashes of which are used as a fertilizer, although this is now regarded as too wasteful; Into fiber, of which paper is made; or, combined with cottonseed meal, into an excellent food for cattle. But the kernels serve the most varied uses. Besides making enke and mealfor cattle, they are readily convertible into a crude oil, from which, according to mixtures and processes, it may emerge as oil for miners’ lamps, “compound lard” and cottolene, “butter and salad oils,” “winter yellow oil" and soap. The Invasion of other industries by these cottonseed products would of Itself make a long story. The olive orchards of Southern France have suffered much.

Advantage of Underdrains**. In Farmers’ Bulletin No.-187, United States Department of Agriculture, C. G. Elliott gives an interesting resume of the advantages of removing water downward through the soil instead of allowing it to run off over the surface. They may be briefly stated as follows : The surface soil Is retained entire Instead of the finest and most fertile parts being carried off with every considerable rainfall. Any plant food in manure or other fertilizer deposited upon the soil is carried Into It with the water as It percolates downward from the surface, and so becomes thoroughly incorporated with the soil. Rainwater as It passes through the soli serves a''most useful purpose by dissolving and preparing crude soil material for thy nutrition of plants. The soli haring been well prepared, is at all times during the growing season In readiness for the growth of plants, such growth not being hindered by stagnant water or saturation. The frost goes out earlier in the spring, so that the planting season opens one or two weeks earlier than In the case of soils affected by surface drains only. ‘ . • Where stiff days are found the soil Is made more porous, open and friable, and roots penetrate more deeply than they do into surface-drained soils. The effects of drought are diminished, as has been found by experience, opisg to the enlarged And .deepened soil bed, and to the more favorable condition of the surface for preventing excessive evaporation of moisture. . It aids in making new soil out of tbs unprepared elements, since ft a freer entrance of air and atmospheric heat, which disintegrate soil material hitherto unavailable for use of plantar Stubborn and refractory soils, when drained, are frequently so changed In texture and mechanical structure that they become easily managed and respond to with abundant crops. . '.‘..K,

TO KEEP OUT OF DEBT

importance of a national TRADE BALANCE. - ii .10. On* of the Function* of a Protective Tariff la to Restrict Imports as to Enable the County to Pay AU Its Obligations .. “If it had not been for this balance of trade in .our favor, constantly liquidating our obligations, our debts would have become insupportable long before now.’’ > 1 This remark by the New York Press is of weighty Importance, and should receive from our financiers far more attention than they habitually give to the question of favorable trade balances. The fact is that our moneyed magnates are for the most part either Ignorant of or Indifferent to £he part played by the trade’balance in maintalning our supply of money and money metals. It must be that they are Ignorant, for If they were informed they could not be indifferent. They ought to realise the part played by a protective tariff in so restrictingxcompetltive imports as to insure an excess of exports, and therefore a trade balance —money coming to us faster than it goes away from us. Yet if you should scratch the back of an eminent financier it is ten to one you w’ould tickle either a freetrader or a man who knows little and cares less about the tariff question. The habit of depreciating the consequence of favorable trade balances is quite common ariaong the “superior thinkers” turned loose by our free trade institutions of learning. They point to Great Britain, a free trade nation, with an average excess of imports over exports amounting to about $800,000,000 a year, as a shining exampleof how a country can grow richer in spite of adverse trade balances. This contention is well answered by the Press, as follows: “England is a creditor nation. The British adverse trade balance does not represent what England owes at the end of each year. It represents the payments on-account by the debtor nations that owe interest and principal to England, creditor of the World. England’s adverse trade balance is the same as the pawnbroker’s. The lender whose trademark is the three gilded balls over the door of his money shop advances his capita) to the borrower, who must pay over to the pawnbroker a share of the debtor's product as long as the debt stands uncanceled. The debtor exports to the pawnbroker incessantly; he imports from the pawnshop nothing—bnt receipts. Unless the debt is liquidated, that sort of adverse "balance of trade against the pawnbroker leaves_him with all the money in the end. So long as. Canada or any other country remains a debtor nation an adverse balance of trade piles up a growing debt each year moredifficult to discharge, since more of the resources of the debtor are required to pay the mere interest.” One of the most important functions of a protective tariff is to bar the door against competitive iitaports. Not only does this wise policy enable the United States to cancel its debits for goods and materials purchased abroad and have something left with which to make good for some heavy outgoing amounts of American money not visible in the record of exports, but It has in the past eleven years actually added some billions of dollars to the supply of money and money metals. Still more important, it has provided work and wages for millions of Americans. Great Britain has kept solvent because of Income derived from money loaned and invested In .other countries and from the earnings of her merchant marine. But for those sources of income there is no need to say what woald happen to a country which bought $800,000,000 a year more than it sold. The United States has neith?r an oversea carrying trade nor any income from money Invested abroad. To n country so situated a large favorable trade balance becomes an absolute financial necessity if .national bankruptcy is to be avoided. Such a surplus of Income over outgo can only be obtained by the restriction of imports. This is why our eminent financiers should give more attention to the protective tariff.

A Currency Bill. A bill amending the currency laws following the lines of the recommendation contained In the President’s message—providlug for an emergency currency on which the tax will be so high that bankers will avail themselves of it only as conditions Justify, It is believed. will meet the approval of the senate, and will not have much opposition In the house. There seems a public demand for currency reform, and as there nre fewer fundamental objections to this plan than to other* suggested. It will probably be enacted Ils a makeshift. It might be called a compromise between the central bank proposition and the asset currency. Both senators and representatives agree that It would be futile to undertake at tills session, to thresh out the entire subject of the currency, and if the President's suggestions tide over the present situation, it will save much polltlehl embarrassment. And a practical test may demonstrate a permanent value.

Heistss Him Along.

The Duke —Was your father Jfard hit fagr the stock slump? The Heiress—No The Duke (after a pause)—Then The Heiress—Oh. your grace, this ts 1 so sudden!—< levekmd Plain Dealer. 1

IT IS WISE TO GO SLOW.

v " ’? Tariff Tinkvring Woald Be Prod apt* ' Iva of Harmful Result*. It is an ackn»«rledged fact tha| th* wages of the American workmen are higher than in any other country. Not only in protected industries, but in ail lines of mercantile and manufacturing business, the wages of the Amerltan workman are higher. - In some of the trades, notably thfiu. building trades, wages bawYthched a particularly high standard, and the hours of labor have been materially shortened. It is ‘safe to say that despite the advance in the prices of commodities of all kinds, the condition of the American workman is superior to any other workman. To maintain this superiority and to keep the American standard of wages and living where they are to-day should be the purpose of all tariff legislation. In many lines of Industry the protection of tariff is absolutely necessary. Others do not depend upon the tariff and would not be brought into direct competition with foreign labor conditions, but the prosperity of the country demands that protection should be provided where it is needed, for all share In the general prosperity of the nation. -■ -*—■ * ——-—-

There may be tariff schedules which afford at present unnecessary protection. There may be inequalities which should be corrected, but in the main the Dingley tariff has been a great boon for the American people. Under its fosterting provisions the country emerged from chaotic conditions and hard times and entered upon a -period of unprecedented prosperity which might well be called the golden era. That prosperity has continued so strong and sure that even the great crisis in Wall street has failed to permanently disturb the general business of the nation. Under such conditions the decision of. the dominant party to let the tariff alone for the present seems wiser. To tinker would be to destroy confidence and create uncertainty. It is far better “to bear those ills we have than fly to others that wp know not of.” —Lawrence (Mass.) Sun.

Brynn In a New Role. Washington correspondents of eastern Democratic newspapers are devoting a good deal of space to a discussion of Mr. Bryan and of Mr. Bryau’s plans. Most of them profess to see in ills present program a decided change in policy arid they interpret it as Indicating the existence in Mr. Bryan’s mind of a strong hope of success. It will be recalled that on the occasion of his recent visit to Chicago, Mr. Bryan extended the olive branch to Roger Sullivan and to other Democrats with whom he has had differences in the past. And since then he has given unqualified denial to a statement attributed to him, in effect that he had denounced Patrick McCaijyen and was urging his Brooklyn supporters to retire Mr. McCarrep. Heretofore Mr. Bryan has been pursuing anything but a conciliatory attitude toward those Democrat? who refused to embrace his principles. On the contrary he has used the verbal lash unsparingly, with the result that there has always been a formidable opposition to him within the party lines. _ Nor is this radical departure confixed to persons. In iuatters of party policy Mr. Bryan is showing a deference to the opinions of Democratic leaders that Is quite incomprehensible except on the theory that having tried twice without success to win on fads, he is willing enough now to let others “name the poison.” At any rate-he is not letting out a whimper concerning government ownership, and has quit drawing the deadline on those Democrats who are affiliated with trusts or coqrorations. It is a misfortune for him, perhaps, that in this shifting of positions, he has not yet been able to carry all his following with blip, Several radical Bryan newspapers ore conducting the fight on the same old lines, utterly oblivious to the fact that their chief is playing a new game. But It takes time to work a complete revolution, and Bryan is a model of energy when once he has put on the harness in iris own behalf. He may, therefore, be able to round up the herd before serious damage has been done his fences. It will be an interesting political study to watch Mr. Bryan in his now role. That he is playing better politics than he ever did before goes without saying, but even in this there is danger from the fhet "thht the 'fanatics wlro have been bolding fast to his coat tails In season and out of sdnson, are so accustomed to the old method as not to fall -readily into the new. At best he Is sailing a tempestuous sea.—Toledo Blade.

Home Again.

“I sent n poepi to tlie Highbrow Magazine day before yesterday.” “Indeed!” exclaimed his friend. “I suppose you expect to see it appear soon." “It appeared sooner than I expected; it was in my umll this morning.”— Philadelphia Press. -■.*art, ni T.r*r-A L, WMWWm-W- -

Foiled.

“I guess I enn’t collect that money Mr. Jones owes me." “Why don’t you mail him a statement K “I was going to, but a sign on the letter box says ’Peat No Bills’”— Cleveland Deader. ,

Uhappreeiated.

The Poet "How did my sonnet strike yon I” - The Philistine— “Strike me? It never M*r-Clwretand Usder.

PAY ARMY MORE, SAYS WAR SECRETARY TAFT

-•- .... .-■! r Rapid Decrease in Regular Force in Recent Years Is Shown by Report. ’ COAST DETENSE A BIG ITEM. Recommends Erection of Stdtus to Memory of Edwin M. Stanton in City of Washington. Secretary Taft is a strong advocate of increased pay for the army, as his annual report, sent to Congress, shows. The report begins with a formidable presentment of figures showing the rapid decrease In the strength of the regular army in recent years (the loss last year being no fewer than 4,428 men) and the ‘pressing need for officers to replace those now detailed on recruiting duty or as military Instructors in educational institutions. The Secretary asserts that, while many reasons have been advanced to explain the difficulty, a sufficient one is to be found in the Inadequacy of army pay. “I think it quite probable,” he says, “that an increase in the pay of the enlisted men, including considerable additional inducement for men to reenlist and such reasonable increase in the pay of non-commmlssioued officers as would stimulate men to remain in the service and to qualify themselves for these higher positions, would have a markedly beneficial effect upon the recniitmeht of the army?’ So the Secretary earnestly favors the adoption for the army of the naval system, under which the President Is authorized to fix the rates of pay within defined limits. He also recommends the creation of a general-service corps to relieve the soldiers of the vast amount of unmilitary work they are now called on to perform. The regular army last year-lost 139 officers and 26,310 enlisted men, and, although it was a year of peace, fourteen of the officers and 358 of the men were killed in action or died of wounds and disease. The Secretary has decided to create one of the new regimental posts at Bagnio, in the Philippines, and asks for an appropriation for the purpose. He also urges an enlargement of Fort McKinley reservation, near Manila, by 6,000 acres, at a cost of $185,000, and the construction of an electric railroad from Camp Overton, on the north shore of Mindanao, to Camp Keithley, on Lake Lanao, in the center of the Moro country. The Secretary urges the creation of a sufficiently large body of competent surgeons, with military knowledge and training, to care for the health and comfort of the volunteer forces in time of war. Among the estimates submitted is an item of $6,488,000 for the construction of batteries at Manila and Subig bay. This estimate appears in connection with others for the insular possessions, and the only comment made upon it in the report is this. "The places recommended for fortification have ail been visited by one or more members of the national coast defense board and the suitability for fortification sites has been carefully studied by the board, and expenditures are being made accordingly.” Accompanying £he report are the estimates support of the military -establishment during the next fiscal year, which is $11.582,931 greater' than last year’s appropriations. By far x tbe greater part of the increase 00 per cent) Is for coast defense works, of which about $21,7(30,000 Is required for the United States and $14,800,000 for the insular possessions. In concluding the report Secretary Taft recommends that .Congress make adequate provisions for the erection of a statue to Secretary Edwin M. Stanton in Washington.

PETTIBONE NOT GUILTY.

Western Federation Mine Official Tried for Murder Is Acquitted. George A. Pettibone, an official of the Western Federation of Miners, was acquitted at Boise, Idaho, of the murder of Governor Steunenberg. Pettibone’s acquittal follows that of Secretary Haywood, who was tried on the same charge. Pettibone, as Haywood, wns tried on confessions of Harry Orchard and Stere Adams implicating them in numerous bloody plots in which scores of human beings were killed. Members of the Western Federation all over the country have expressed themselves pleased at the verdict. John Mitchell, president of the United Mine Workers of America, stated that th* verdict was highly satisfactory to him.

Power Lifeboats a Suceess.

The United States life saving service, after a careful test, has demonstrated the efficiency of the power lifeboat in rear* itig persons from Wrecked vessels, and has arranged for the addition of several of these boats ts the equipment of .the life saving service along the New England coast. . ' ' .

Cotton Mills Pay Divideds.

The Cotton mills of New Bedford, Maas.. have paid dividends amounting ts 13 per eent, the largest io tto city’s hi*tofjr.

THE WEEKLY

1460—Lancastrians victorious at Wakofield. (War of the Roses.) 1600—British East India Company chartered. 1766—James Francis Edward Stuart, pretender to the throne of England, died in Rome. 1775—Gen. Montgomery killed before Quebec. „ 1777—Washington surprised and defeat* ed the British at Princeton, N. J. 1780 — Benedict Arnold appointed a brigadier general in the British army. 1781— Congress chartered the Bank of North America. 1700 —Second session Of the first Congress opened in New York. 1793—Treaty between Russia and Prussia for the second partition of Poland.... Thomas Jefferson resigned as Secretary of State. 1813—British burned Black Rock and Buffalo. 1825—Parliament buildings in Toronto burned. 1851—Louis Kossuth, Hungarian patriot, spoke before Congress at Washington. 1853 —Gadsden purchase made by treaty. 1857 — Canada adopted the decimal system of public accounts. 1858— The Lecompton constitution in Kansas submitted to the popular vote and rejected. 1861— E. G. Spaulding of New York introduced in the House the original legal tender bill. 1862 — Ericsson’s Monitor foundered off Cape Hatteras in a storm, with loss of sixteen lives. 1872 —Brigham Young, leader of the Mormons, surrendered himself for triiL 1877 —Cornelius Vanderbilt, Americas financier, died Queen Victoria instituted the Imperial Order of the Crown of India, for ladies, i 1885—Archbishop Ryan of Philadelphia invested with the pallium. 1887—Five million dollars in property destroyed by fire in Rome, Italy. 1889 —Horatio Allen, who ran the first railroad locomotive In America, died in New Jersey. 1892 Women admitted to diplomas at the British Royal College of Surgeons. 1893 President Harrison issued a proclamation of amnesty to Mormons liable to prosecution for polygamy who will refrain from polygamous marriage. 1894 Amelia Jenks Bloomer, originator of the “bloomer” costume for women, died at Council Bluffs, lowa. 1895 Public degradation of Dreyfus a* Paris. 1897 —Gen. Sir Henry Havelock Alias killed by Afridis on the Indian frontier. 1903 —Iroquois theater, Chicago, burned. With loss of 587 lives.

Ask Orientalist to Explain.

, The American Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, at its recent meeting in Philadelphia, passed a resolution calling upon Prof. Hermann V. Hilprecht, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, to make a public reply to tbs charges laid against him of faking in connection with some ancient tablets which'he claimed to have dug up at Nippur. It is charged that these tablets, which are now in the museum of the University of Pennsylvania, instead of having been dug up by the professor, had been bought by him in various cities of the Orient and that most of them had never Veen near Nippur. It is also declared that the tablets were in the bands of dealers some years prior to Dr. Ruprecht's alleged discoveries.

Goodrich Admits Naval Defects.

In a Chicago Interview, Rear Admiral Goodrich, commander of the New York navy yard, said that Henry Reuterdahl knew what be was talking about in th* article pointing out defect* in the American navy. The admiral added that he too had expressed similar views to ths Secretary of the Navy. It is now under- _ stood that the President is preparing to insist upon a general reorganisation <4 the naval bureaus.

Will Use 300,000,000 Cans.

The California Fruit Canners" Association ha* Just given the largest contract for cans on record to the American Can Company of Pittsburg, calling for 300,000,000 cans to be delivered at the rat* of 00,000,000 a year for fire years. It i* made known that terms on this order were forced upon ths Steel Trust by th* threat of building can work* in California by the fruit growers of that section. ■ !*■■■■■ ■■■ MsitoßSW—BM—t—ffi

Now York's Rent Crusade.

The organised movement among th* tenement dwellers of the lowef East Sid* of New York City to -force from landlords a lower scale of rents has taken on ♦ mammoth proportions, the estimated number of participant* varying from .**>,ooo to 70,000. Local socialists are prominent in the leadership and many meetings have