Rensselaer Semi-Weekly Republican, Volume 40, Number 4, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 September 1907 — Page 7

PAPERS BY THE PEOPLE

HAVE WE BEEN UNJUST TO KOREA! By H. B. Hulbert, Former Adviser Emperor of Korea.

Japan will bear watching. Those riot intimately and correctly Informed-aa to the feeling in that country cannot appreciate the Importance Japan attaches to itself. Japan is flushed with pride over her achievements against Russia. She believes she can do anything. She doubts not an Instant that the other powers, even the United States, areafraid of her. She thinks she has accom-

plished in forty years in the way of civilization what it took us 1,000 years to achieve. Her vanity is fearful to observe. Napoleon Bonaparte was the personification of the present feeling In Japan. Like him, she took advantage •of an enemy’s weakness and was successful in it. Intoxicated by that early success, she firmly believes there Is no limit to her power, a But It should be distinctly understood now that the time Is coming when the powers will have to unite, as they did against Napoleon, to check Japan’s rapacious career and give her her proper place among nations. History will write this country’s part in the spoliation of Korea by Japan In terms of which we will not be proud. There is no question that at Portsmouth Japan was offered a free hand in Korea in -exchange for the waiver of indemnity from Russia. This comes from Japanese sources. ( DEVELOP HOME SPIRIT. By Juliet V. Strauss.

The Individuality of the home is a thing in regard to which It pays to be selfish. There Is a certain spirit that dwells In quiet rooms, which, when once driven away, will never return. Too many strange faces Will drive her away, too much absence will banish her. Once you have lost her—the sweet home spirit—nowhere in pleasures aud palaces will you find her again. But she will haunt you,

end in the long years, when pleasure no longer allures, when ambltioh Is dead, and the baubles of life for which you left her have vanished sceJier_ mocking shadow, but never again feel her soft caress, as you used to know It In quiet days by. the old home fireside. No earthly pleasure Is so genuine as home; yet It Is a reproach In these days of false pleasures to be a “home body.” In this respect the people of old Virginia were the most enviable in the world. Though visiting was a matter of dally occurrence, home was the passion of every Virginian's heart. Home might be a tumbledown house, floors might be bare, and every evidence of departed glory greet the eyes of the newcomer, but he never heard an apology for the absence of any essential to comfort, nor an intimation that the home of his friend might be improved from « worldly point of view. The hateur with which such- a suggestion would have been received would have wilted the most aggressive advocate of progress. And truly when one sat at the fireside of these people, and saw the self-satisfied countenances of the old folks at home and heard their intelligent converse, he was constrained to admire and envy the spirit of pride inwhich the Virginia gentleman’s family believed in themselves, In their home and their surroundings, and would not have changed them for adcingdom. Let us. then, again suggest the exaltation of the In-

ONIONS AND EGGS JOIN UNION.

Tomatoes and Peas Likewise Affiliated—All Mast Bear Label. Garden truck bearing union labels Is the latest thing proposed In Newburg, N. Y. Farmers in that vicinity have organized and asked for affiliation with the Central Labor Union, says the New York World. The only rock In the path of the brand-new Idea Is whether a union label can be affixed to vegetables. If farmers can overcome this difficulty they will be welcomed by the labor unions and walking delegates will Include kitchen inspection among their duties. The farmers recently met at SearsTllle and formed the Orange County Union. Their Idea is to cut out the middleman's profits and sell directly to consumers. For some years exactions by commission merchants have grovtn and profits to tillers of the soil havd been cut. The plan Is to form a company composed exclusively of members bf the union to operate a large exchange In Newburg and deal directly With the people, selling union potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and garden truck of all kinds slightly below present nonunion prices. To secure co-operation of the labor Interests the farmers have asked to Join the Ceqtral Labor. Union. Union men In Newburg are enthusiastic over the project and say they will need no compulsion to purchase union vegetables if the prices are lower. It Is acknowledged, however, that the question of how to place union labels •o goods is perplexing, and unless ad may keep the farmers outside the Breastworks of organized labor. It io maintained by some persons that Eery vegetable must be stamped, hereupon critics ask how It will be possible to label ripe tomatoes without Cuaohlng them. Others say It will not to label pea pods, but that each separate pea must reeclve Its certificate of character. This would also treats work for The unemployed. Then there has arisen the problem of how " succotash can be labeled. When It comes to eggs, some of the labor men say It may be necessary to Include hens In the union. If this be done the question of keeping them from working overtime and the matter of limiting their output will have to be solved. ----

Cooking Was Effective.

Young Husband—When my wife first to do her own cooking we were having company every day; tiresome relative*, colleagues, so-called friends. Gqtfually they all dropped off, and then wo engaged a good cooky—FUeffsnlli Blatter.

BEST RIFLE SHOT IN THE ARMY.

SERGT. N. A. BERG. POLICEMAN C. J. L. SUNDBERG.

Signal honor has come to Sergeant N. A. Bera company E, Second Washington infantry, of North Yaklina, Wash. Berg, after a brilliant contest, won the President’s match nt the great national tournament, defeating the best military rifle shots In the United States. In addition, he got the best skirmish score in the President’s match, taking seventh prize as well as first, in the aggregate. He Is also a member of the team that won the national regimeutal skirmish match. Berg is a farmer and prefers bull’s-eye shooting to wild game hunting. He entered the national shoots three years ago and made the first team from Washington his first year out. Berg will receive a handsome decoration and an autograph letter from President Roosevelt for his skill. Policeman C. J. L. Sundberg, of Jamestown. N. Y.. set a new world’s record with a police revolver, scoring 4.600 out of a (rosslble 5,000 at 50 yards.

EVERYTHING FRESH.

Nothing ever daunted the agent for Henderson’s Handy Hen's Nest, but It was unusual for him to meet with such a genial welcome as was bestowed on him by Mr. Eben Saunders when be was wakened from bis afternoon doze on the piazza by a loud cough. The cough was close to bis ear, but as soon as ICbad done Its work the agent for Henderson's Handy Hen's Nest seated himself in a comfortable rocking-chair at a little distance from tils victim. “Fine day!’’ be said in a loud tone, surprised at the slow smile which overspread the face of bls host “Prime!” said Mr. Saunders, with unction. “I never saw a better." “Never knew anything much fresher than the air you get up on this hill,” continued the agent, as he swung one of the Handy Hen's Nests Into view. •We got most every fresh up here,”

dividual life, or perhaps it would be more frank to say the selfish life; for it Is the belief of a very respectable minority that progress does not come by mass meetings, or societies, or organizations, but by homes, for which devoted an^—-yes—selfish families are contentedly working. A home is about all that one woman can care for. One family is a fair amount of responsibility for one man. The more you mix outside Interests with the interests of the home, the more you destroy domesticity. Home makes good soldiers, good lawmakers, good citizens. The vagrant life of those who merely eat and sleep at home, whose lives are full of petty social or political interests, is not calculated to Insure a stable, sturdy race of people in coming generations. / RURAL SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL CENTER By President K. L. Butterfield, Massachusetts Agricultural College.

The school must offer vocational training. This does not mean that every school shall be a trade school. It does not even mean that the school shall alm specifically to teach trades. It does mean, however, that we will come to realize that the schools, in preparing the pupils for complete living, must bear in mind the fact that vocation is a large part of life.

—Consequently vocational training in its broadest possi- • ble aspects must be one of the largest phases of school activity. This may not mean the introduction of elementary agriculture into all the rural schools, but It will mean the utilization of agricultural material in the traln-—iwg-of thapiipil, so that if he enters the agricultural vocation he will be adequately prepared for it. The school must also develop the spirit of social or community service.. I know of nothing better in this line than the plan used in Maine of organizing school improvement leagues. \ It is desirable also for the school to become a social center, or at least one of the social centers, of the neighborhood. The school ought to play a large part in the life of the mature people of the community; and it may well act .as a rallying center for the educational Interests of adults as weH as of children. ' -. The school must definitely co-operate with other institutions of the community’, such aS the church, the grange, Improvement societies, etc. In this connection there should be frequent joint meetings of teachers and school patrons for the discussion both of school topics and of subjects of general community interest THE EDUCATED MAN WINS. By King Edward VII.

The competition In every branch of Industry, especially in those branches which depend largely on science and art, Is in these days severe, and it must be met by Increased application and Improved methods. The world is, I believe, better for such competition, but it behooves individual nations to use every possible effort to hold their own In the struggle. For this purpose higher education is an abso-

lute necessity. However brilliant a man’s natural talents may be, he Is greatly hindered by the want of early training, and as a rule only those who have enjoyed a good education are capable of acquiring such proficiency in any branch of study as will enable them to succeed.

said Mr. Saunders, tranquilly. "Now there’s paint—what's on that chair you plumped down into In such a hurry isn’t more than three hours old, if it’s that. You’d 've noticed it If you hadn't been in consld’able luurte, but I wouldn't try to get out of It too quick, young man, you're liable to tear your clothes. “ Twould be better," said Mr. Saunders, mildly, as the agent for Henderson’s Handy Hen's Nest at last detached himself from the rocking-chair, "not to be in quite such a. hurry next time. But seeing you were, I can give you some of a mixture that another young man left here one day that he told mother and me would remove fresh paint and leave the goods. Mother and I’ve never had occasion to try It, but I should like to see it work, and I don't know when I might have another chance, folks round here not being, as a rule, In quite such a burry as you appeared to be.” Fortunately for the fool he doesn't knew he’s a fooL

BIG GUNS ON DEFENSE.

tTacle Sam Hm Enormouw Rifles W ♦ Guard Shore Line. Despite the fact that the United States has one of the longest coast .lines of any great, power it will shortly afford that coast line ample protection from one end to the other op both the Atlantic and Pacific sides.—Work will soon be begun to put on the finishing touches of defenses and fortifications in the insular possessions. the outlay necessary to fortify and protect the United States proper and its outlying possessions is over $200,000,000, of which amount considerably more than half has been expended. The scheme of national defense upon which work was in progress between 1888 and 1906 was based primarily upon a report submitted to the President by the so-called Endicott board in 1886. This board investigated the entire continental coast line of the United States and recommended the construction of fortifications which were estimated to cost about $126,000,000. Along the lines mapped out by this board Congress has appropriated approximately $75,000,000. In 1905 the President again appointed a board to revise the work done under the Endicott board and this time Secretary Taft was its president. After an exhaustive investigation the new national coast defense board recommended an additional expenditure of $51,000,000 to provide fortifications for new places and to modernize the defenses already built on the recommendation of the Endicott board. ' ' As a result of the work of both boards the following twenty-six ports may be said to be provided with ample sea-coast defenses : Kennebec river, Me.; Portland, Me.; Portsmouth, N. H.; Boston, Mass.; New Bedford, Mass?; Narragansett Bay, R. I.; eastern entrance to Long Island sound; New York, N. Y.; Delaware river; Baltimore, Md.: Washington, D. 0.; Hampton Roads, Va.; Cape Fear river, N. C.; Charleston, S. C.; Port Royal, S. C.; Savannah, Ga.; Key West, Fla.; Tampa bay, Fla.; Pensacola, Fla.; Mobile bay, Aja.; New Orleans, La.; Galveston, Texas; San Diego, Cal.; San Francisco, Cal.; Columbia river, Oregon and Washington; Puget sound, Wash. A glance at the list shows twentytwo of the twenty-six sea-coast defenses on the Atlantic coast, mounting approximately nine-tenths of the sea-coast guns of the United States. Outside of continental United States, under the recommendations of the Taft board, sea-coast defenses and naval stations are being constructed at Guantanamo, Cuba;‘ Honolulu and Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiiary Islands; San Juan, Porto Rico; Subig bay, Philippine Islands; Kiska in the Aleutian Islands and Guam. The manning of the sea-coast defenses is at present in charge.of the artillery branch of the United States army. In the estimate provided by the national defense board it was shown that when all the sea-coast defenses were completed it would require 57,387 men to properly manipulate them in time of war. Yet, according to the last report from the War Department, there were only 18,941 men in the whole artillery branch of the army, of whom 4,912 were in the field artillery. The last Congress, however, authorized the formation of thirteen full regiments of coast artillery, which, when fully recruited, will add approximately 13,000 men to that branch of the service.

LABOR NOTES

The Order of Railway Conductors has voted to hold its 1909 biennial convention at Boston. More than 100,000 railway servants in England are required to work from twelve to fifteen hours a day. The sixty-hour-a-week schedule will be put in force in the cotton mills of South Carolina Jan. 1, 1908. Average wages in Canada have increased 27 per cent in fi\-e years, according to the census report. The number of wage earners employed in Virginia cotton mills in 1905 was 6,619, receiving $1,647,739 a year. Eight 'hundred union barbers in CM cago, have been granted a schedule of wages and working conditions by their employers. An effort is being made to establish a federation of labor in Oklahoma. If it is organized it will have about 145,000 workers under its Jurisdiction. The Amalgamated Society of British Engineers will, after this year, cease attending the Trades Union Congress, and absent Itself for at least four years. A National Association of Carpet Workers of America has been organized. This will have jurisdiction of about 20,000 persons employed in carpet mills. The demand of the Havana cigarmakers that they be paid in American money has been granted by the Cuban manufacturers, and the factories will immediately be reopened. Garden truck bearing union labels Is the latest thing proposed in Newburgh, N. Y., farmers in that vicinity having organized and asked for affiliation with the Central Labor Union. ~ There are thousands of women and girls who are members of unionlTbf trades in which most of the workers are men, and these unions are, naturally, controlled by tfce male members. The printers, telegraphers, garment workers, tobacco workers and several other trades admit women to membership in their pniona and theli rolls show a goodly number of wdmen members. The Council of the canton of Tessin, Switzerland, has decided by 34 against 21 votes io repeal the act prohibiting night work in bakeries. The men are badly organized and will probably not be able to resist the attempt of the masters to reintroduce night work. The Union of Sawmill Workers In the north of Sweden has beaten one of the biggest employers after a most bitter and prolonged fight, during which several hundreds of families were evicted from their dwellings, Jhe employer In question having adopted for some time the device of housing the men te hie own cottages.

FARM AND GARDEN

Lettuce make* fine feed for the ducks and chickens. When milk Is quickly cooled the growth of all germ life Is checked. Ninety per cent of the milk used In England Is from Shorthorn cows, so it Is'sald. Bear in mind that an application of manure is one of the essentials in a good system of crop rotation. Don’t mortgage the farm in good times. You will have to pay the mortgage In hard times, to your lasting regret One little strawberry growers’ association In Callornia last year received $198,000 from their crops covering 650 acres. It is considerable work to set poles for lima beans. A strip of 6-foot fencing with well braced end posts It just as good and saves much labor. The family cat is frequently a great chicken thief unbeknown to everyone. We make It a practice to shoot every cat that looks crosseyed at a chicken. Always feed fattening cattle to the minute as near as possible. To keep them waiting an hour after the regular feeding time causes a loss of weight. Better knowledge of market conditions Is deserving of far greater attention than it has yet received by producers of beef, and more thorough understanding of the demands of the trade is essential to the greatest success in supplying these demands. Celery likes a strong, deep, loamy soil well manured and well drained. Well-rotted stable manure Is an excellent fertilizer, though it may be benefited on most soils by the addition of 500 to 800 pounds per acre of a commercial fertilizer containing about 10 per cent of potash. M. Kale of North Yakima, Wash., has a freak fruit which came as the result of pollenlzing a peach with the flower of an apricot. The fruit ripens and is gone by June 1. It Is said to be sweet and of excellent flavor. It is reported that Mr. Kale has refused an offer of $3,000 for one tree. Keep the blossoms picked off the pansy plants or they will cease to bloom, as the production of seed is an end to flowering. Work a small quantity of fertilizer into the soil around each plant occasionally, and at the end of the year trim them much with straw, and the old plants can then be used another season. Hemp can be easily grown in all sections of this country, but the obstacle to its successful cultivation is the labor of preparing it for market. There is a wide field for inventive genius in devising appropriate machinery for specially treating bemp and other fllbrous plants whicn demand more labor in some sections than can be profitably bestowed on them.

Gluten meal is that portion of the corn left over after the starch has been removed, and it is, therefore, a highly nitrogenous food. It should be fed in connection with other articles. When middlings are used It is best to mix such foods with cut hay that has been sprinkled, as the unadulterated middlings are liable to cause indigestion. Bran and linseed meal form an excellent combination ■at all seasons, and promote digestion. Grease or oil the wagons once a week if they are in constant use. Any of the various axle grease mixtures on the market will do for heavy wagons, but for light buggies and carriages there is nothing better than castor oil. Remove the wheel and wipe the axle and box clean with old newspaper, then with a cloth wet in kerosene, which will take off all old greaap and dirt, apply a small quantity of grease or oil. If too much Is used It will run out and grease everything that comes near. The ciimblaar R«ae. The rose Is not a natural climber; it can ramble over low shrubs, large bowlders and such things, but when grown about a veranda pillar it must be artificially supported by tying Up occasionally as it grows. This Is more satisfactory than ignoring It until the end of the growing season. It is tlren a hard Job to straighten out the badly tangled or twisted shoots, and the wind is likely to break them when they are very long. Never let one shoot grow nprlgbt for too long a period or get very far ahead of the others, advises a writer tn the Garden Mazaglne. If you do, the strongest or leading shoot will receive the greatest quantity of the sap and

the ]>lant, by throwing Its strength to the top, will soon become nude at tho base. Red Raapberrlea. I have tested all the leading vartetlefl of red raspberries and find,the London to take the lead In both hardiness and productiveness, with the Culbert second, says a writer in American Agriculturist These are both good varieties, good shippers and also good market varieties. We prefer the Loudon as a table berry, also for canning purposes. It also ships well, making a fine appearance in the box, having a deep red color, which does not fade in canning. Raspberries are good feeders, requiring a liberal amount of plant food and responding readily to good treatment. , ' ; 4. Variation in Plant Food*. Plant foods vaty In composition, and the most fertile farm may lack in some particular element of fertility. Manure that does not contain all the essentia] elements that tend to recuperate the soil Is not in Itself complete. It will, of course, enrich the soil, but as the soil does not receive from the manure all that it yielded In the shape of food, □o figures are necessary to demonstrate that in the course of time the sale of milk will exhaust the soil of plant foods (mostly of nitrogen), including potash, phosphates and other mineral matter. It is admitted that a grass plot will be largely assisted to secure nitrogen by the rains (which bring down ammonia and nitric acid), and with clover (with tho aid of bacteria), but these sources do not admit of deriving the potash and phosphates. The nitrogen so portion as compared with that dally sold In the milk, the total amount of milk leaving some farms being many hundreds of cans. The amount of nitrogen, potash and phosphates sold from farms that provide for large herds can not easily be estimated, but suffice It to say that the quantity, though not apparent, Is very large, and In the course of a few years the soil must certainly be affected.

Neglected Old Orchards. In almost any part ol our State can be found orchards of advanced age which do not pay, and it is readily seen that something is wrong. The problem of renovating an orchard Is sometimes a large one and often proves to be very expensive. The causes which are responsible for an unprofitable orchard are many and may be brleflly stated thus: Unsuitable varieties, poor drainage, unfavorable site, poor sell, neglect, unfavorable climatic conditions and old age. The first and most Important point In rejuvenating an orchard is whether or not the trees are worth saving. The varieties may not be what you desire or too far gone to be responsive to treatment. If the trees are on wet land, cut them down or thoroughly drain the soli, as a fruit tree will never thrive with wet feet. Apple trees over thirty-six or thirty-seven years old, which have long been neglected, are not worth saving; likewise the cherries over twenty, the pear over twenty-two or twenty-three, the plum over fifteen and the peach over twelve years of age. In fact, the trees which should not be worked with are those with a high head, partially decayed trunk and In a generally run down condition. If nothing more serious than Insects and fungous diseases Is present, the orchard may be very economically reclaimed.— Oregon Experiment Station.

Apple a»d Peer Mites. In a study of the mites on apple and pear trees, five species have been recognized by the New York station: Erlophyes malifolia, E. pyrl, E. pyrt variolate, Phyllocoptes, schlechtendall and Epltrlmerus pyrl. Erlophyes pyrl, commonly known as the leaf-blister mite, Is the most abundant and the most injurious species. The structure, habits and systematic position of these pests are discussed and a list Is given of all American species of the family with their host plants end an analytical table for their Identification. Particular attention is given to E. pyrl, which produces the well-known blister spots on the leaves of pear and apple treea On apple trees the blisters may have a reddish tinge, but usually are less brilliant The mites injure the fruits and fruit stems as well as the leaves, and have been found on 250 varieties of apples. After a little experience the Injuries caused by mites mop be readily distinguished from those due to spraying or to the apple rust. A parasitic mite was found preying upon the blister mite and Is described as a new species under the name Seius poml. In experiments on apple trees a comparison was made between kerosene oil, miscible oil, kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap and the sulphur washes, tire latter being prepared according to various formulas. On account of Its harmlessness, cheapness anti efficiency, kerosene emulslofi diluted with five parts of water and spiled during the dormant season Is recommended as the most practical remedy for the treatment of apple orchards Infested with the blister mite. In pear orchards thh pest may be controlled by proper pruning and by spraying with kerosene emulsion In th, fall or spring.