Rensselaer Semi-Weekly Republican, Volume 22, Number 95, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 16 August 1901 — Page 3

FARMERS CORNER

Plant* Poisonous to Animal*. The bulletin from the Montana Experiment Station gives a list of fourteen species of plants which are known or strongly suspected of poisoning animals. Among them are the lupines, which killed 100 out of 200 bucks fed on hay, and in 1898 some 2,000 sheep <t om eating ripe lupine on the range. The trouble seems to be in the ripe or nearly ripe seed. The purple and tall larkspur killed 40 cattle in the Gallatin Valley when other plants were covered with snow; aconite, water hemlock and nightshade have proved poisonous to both man and beast. In 1898, a dairyman had a field of oats so badly smutted that he cut them for hay instead of letting the grain ripen. Out of 30 cows which were given one feed of it, 12 died within 18 hours'having both gastric and cerebral trouble. Ergot on native grasses is claimed to have killed a number of horses in from six to eight hours, the muscles of the throat being paralyzed first, and then the whole body paralyzed. Strychnine and whisky seem to be the only remedy having effect. It is better to avoid feeding ergot or smut on any grass or grain.—Exchange.

How to Catch the Cui-culte. A Kansas experiment station bulletin says that the curculio has been controlled successfully by jarring the trees in early morning- and collecting the insects in the curculio-catcher. .The can

A CURCULIO CATCHER.

below the canvas Into which the Insects fall Is partially filled with kerosene. A sheet with the seam ripped half the length to permit its being readily placed around the tree is a cheap and effective substitute for the catcher here figured. When the sheet is used, the insects should be collected in another receptacle after jarring each tree. Start Horses Slowly. When the horse has been fed and is taken out to work, it should be started in to labor rather easily to get the most work at the least inconvenience to the horse. The reason for this Is not hard to find. It is simply that during the feeding time the organs are getting themselves into condition for digestion and are possibly even digesting the feed. A large quantity of blood is called away from the other members and Is poured into the vessels about the stomach. This blood must all be withdrawn when the horse begins to work and be supplied to the muscular organs where it is most needed! This change cannot be done all at once. It requires a little time for the blood to reach the physical demands. If the blood has time to make the change by moderate starting all will be well. If not, then there is a temporary exhaustion from which It may require hours to recover entirely.

Ilfutrorine Endi-h Sparrow*. A paper published in New Soutli Wales, Australia, tells how farmers destroy English sparrows out there. They make a double codp and put one or more fowl or chickens in one compartment, leaving the other empty. When feeding they scatter a little wheat In the empty compartment, which is soon found by the sparrows. After about a week they soak the wheat in vinegar and sugar. After the sparrows become accustomed to this, they add-a little strychnine to the vinegar and sugar, and allow the wheat to soak about twelve hours, tjjen dry it and scatter it in the empty coop. One or two grains is enough to finish any sparrow, and If it is given every day at the same place in the same way, and dead birds removed if ally die in the coop, hundreds of jhern may be destroyed, but if the dead are left it may frighten away the others.—Massachsctts Ploughman. Clover float. Clover bloat can always be prevented by keeping the cattle off the clover while it is wet with rain or dew. The usual cause of death when an animal is bloated is congestion of the lungs from pressure of the stomach against them. The flesh of such animal should be darker in color from the stoppage of blood in the small vessels than the flesh of an animal butchered, but I do not believe it. would poison any one to eat the flesh of such animals. The best remedy for clover bloat is to make an epening in the upper part of the left flank with a pocketknlfe and thrust the fingers into the opening. Then the gaa will escape at the sides of the finger. Or use some hollow tube to put into the opening. UiTnlfl'lect Prophvcjr. We have been re-rendlng the prophecy of Mr. C. Wood Davis, issued about ten years ago. in which be said that aa in 1880 the United States exported enough of grain, hay and cotton to supply 0,045,000 people In other countries.

>' and In 1885 enough to supply 4,300,000, 1 that by 1895 we should have to buy food and cotton for 380,000 of our own people at home, and in 1900 enough for 5,475,000. We said then that we had no faith in his figures, and that we believed the cultivation of some of the then unimproved land and better methods of production would enable us to feed and clothe our population and have a surplus for other nations not only in 1900, but for many a decade after that. We are thankful that we have lived to find that in 1900 our exports of agriculture products not only grain, hay and cotton, but many other things have not decreased in value or amount below the amount we sent out in 1885 and 1890, but have made a handsome increase, and it will yet be rnahy years before all our available land will be tilled or grazed, and many more bef<Jre We shall have reached our largest capacity of production. The average crops ns reported by the last census are far from being one-half, and are scarcely one-third “of what good farmers call a good crop. Figures are deceiving sometimes—New England Homestead.

Cabbasres aa Stock Food, The value of the cabbage as food for stock may be summed up as strong in two points, the large amount that can be grown upon an acre of soil and its succulency, which makes it a milk-pro-ducing food easily digested. But it requires strong soil and good cultivation, does not keep well for winter use unless pitted where it will be frozen until spring, and even*then having but a short season, while if stumps and any decayed leaves are fed it is almost impossible to prevent it imparting a rank, unpleasant flavor to the milk and butter, or even to the meat, unless its use Is discontinued two or three weeks before t£*e slaughtering. As regards the nutritive value Professor Johnston in Agricultural Chemistry estimated seventy pounds of cabbage to have about the same value as four pounds of oil cake, twelve pounds of pea straw, sixteen pounds clover hay, twenty pounds of meadow hay, 110 pounds of oat straw or 120 pounds of turnips. This last we think he bases upon the flat or English turnip, which are not as nutritious as the rutabaga. The value of the cabbages, as of the roots, is best found when a small amount is given along with coarse, dry fodder and a limited amount of grain.—Massachusetts Ploughman. ____________ The Hessian Flv. A correspondent of the National Stockman tells how he avoids trouble from the Hessian in his wheat fields. He prepares his ground for sowing, and then waits till he sees the fly about. Then he drills In his wheat. As the flies all swarm at once, and only last four days, they have all perished before his wheat is up, and he suffers no damage, and averages much better crops than his neighbors. We do not know whether this habit of all coming out at once and perish in four days is true of it everywhere, or peculiar to them in Ohio. We never saw or heard It mentioned before, but if true it should be generally known. Feeding Kn«i!nee. One can begin to feed silage from the top of the silo as soon as cutting ceases, or the material may be left until needed iu winter time, says Breeder’s Gazette. The silo should be arranged to have such diameter that from an inch and a half to two inches of silage will be fed off the top each day. If less than this amount is fed off, trouble may arise from the exposed silage starting to heat and mold. If so much as an Inch and a half or two inches is fed off daily, then the silage material at the surface is always fresh and in good condition.

Block Tongue In Cottle. Black tongue is one of the forms of anthrax. The tongue turns black, and the animal dies in a few hours. It is contagious and infectious and is incurable, and all carcasses should be burned. If it appears in a herd o§ stock, the well ones should be vaccinated with anthrax vaccine and not blackleg vaccine. When Hogs Are Sick. Whenever a hog seems to be sick, it should be separated from the well ones and a rigid examination made to find the cause. Then the cause? should be removed. In case of infectious disease this process should be reversed and the well ones removed. Notes About Fruit. In the market buyers sometimes prefer small but fully ripened strawberries to larger ones picked two green. The grape is considered the most healthful of all fruits. Every one who has a garden, a yard or a wall can grow grapes. In starting a young orchard look after the trees often, and wherever g limb is found crossing another limb cut it out. Plum trees should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, but it should be weaker than for apples, or it will burn the foliage. Apple, pear and plum trees should be planted in every poultry yard. They will afford shade for the fowls and the poultry will destroy many Insects. Plum trees do not generally require as much pruning ns apple trees. Pruning should be done as early in the spring as possible, before the sap starts. There is no section of country where some variety of every kind of fruit will not do well. Experiment with fruit until you find varieties suited to your locality. Most plums should be picked for market a few days before they are -thoroughly ripe. Even for home use they are better .Just before they are perfectly ripe.- -Germantown Telegranb., I

HEADGEAR FOR FALL

IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT SUMMER STANDARDS WILL PREVAIL. Artist and Correspondent Thia Week Devote Moat of Their Attention to Fashionable Hats, Though Cloaks and Gowns Are Briefly 8p ikes Of.

New York correspondence:

will pretjail away up to late autumn. A majority of all the fall hints are in outing headgear. Gray and fawn felt hats of the alpine and rounded sailor order will be very fashionable for general outing wear. They are trimmed with scarfing of vari-colored or plain silks, pompons, birds, breasts and coque feathers. The pompons are feathery or are shaped of little coque feathers with black or white beads sewed to the points. The new shades of brown jn these pompons are very swagger and look well on either grays or tans. The untfimmed alpine is

again seen aid will be worn mainly for golfing and wheeling. Many hats are trimmed with white, which will be unusual for early fall wear. New stitched felt hats on the rough rider order may be worn with or without trimming. The stitching is done in several shades of silk and is a distinct change from white or self-colored stitching. All the delicate shades are available for this stitching, and enough of them are employed in the single hat to effect a novel appearance. Handsome hats made entirely of autumn leaves, with a knot of black velvet at the back or a large velvet bow in front, are a feature of the new fall millinery. The flat black chiffon and tulle hat knocked up at one side and filled in with a bunch of crushed roses is another popular model for early fall. The large Gainsborough picture hat with one or two immense plumes is to be carried over, and it is predicted that bye-and-bye the velvet hat will take its place. Plumes of all sizes in black and gray are to be stylish for fall and winter wear. Long plumes beginning under the brim at oae side and extending around the crown make a very becoming effect on a large hat, especially if it is black. The marquise hat is another model that will be popular, and inch and narrow black velvet ribbon for bows at the back will be effective trimming. A few of these hats in which fall and summer almost blend are set here by the artist. In the small picture is a white

straw whose double brim was filled with black velvet ribbon, large bunches of button roses coming atop these. Iu the left hand upper corner of the next picture ia a taque of black and white draped net trimmed with a pair of white wings, j

N a few stores are given hints of the shifts in millinery that will come with the change to much cooler days. In many more establishments the reigning suggestion given by stock and salesfolk is that summer standards

BETWEEN SEASONS’ MILLINERY.

TWO SWAGGER COATS.

Across the picture is a white tulle hat trimmed with pink crush roses, and below the first is one of the green leaf toques topped by a spreading black velvet bow. A toque of black horsehair straw is seen at the right of this, and the central hat was black fancy straw, with black velvet, three black plumes and one white plume for trimmings. Flowers and green leaves will not lose popularity for fall trimming, and black and red cherries will be used a deal on the soft horse hair straws. It is hinted pretty strongly even at this early day that the swagger thing in wraps is to be on the long coat order. Very elaborate ones are seen already. Some are modifications of the automobile and the raglan, but in most cases and in the more stylish models the severe plainness of the garment’s original is trimmed almost out of sight. At the right in the next picture is a handsome, coat of tan taffeta. It was appliqued with brown silk and finished with biscuit chiffon ruffling. 'The other pictured coat was biscuit etamine, with front pieces of white silk embroidered in silver. Raglan-like coats for traveling or general wear will be of plain cloth, the seams either stitched or banded with folds of the goods. A lace collar may be added if it is desired. In millinery, wraps and gowns delicate shades make an impressive shoufing. Here and there bright red is seen, but delicate colors are used a great deal. A noticeable feature is the medley of tints in a new pink. It is very rich and striking without being offensively conspicuous. It is seen in the latest millinery and is used effectively when velvet of this shade is employed ns a band around the crown with loops and a knot at the

back on a black lace or Neapolitan straw hat. Another shade that seems to have come around again is the copper tint. A gown of it holds the middle of the concluding picture. Veiling was the material, black taffeta folds and green velvet tabs trimming it. This copper tint is a very acceptable addition to the list of available colors, but it is not becoming to everyone.

FASHION NOTES.

A new fancy of fashion is silk petticoats in surah to harmonize with the lining of the gown. White silk roses with black velvet leaves make a chic trimming on a white straw hat faced with black. Light blue is the favorite of, all the colors for the moment, but white and a pale yellow' are even smarter. Distinguished by perpendicular lines of open work, like drawn work, with a dainty, interwoven design, is a new China silk. The elaboration of handwork is shown in the blouse of the moment. All the best garments of this description, however simple, shows a great deal of handiwork that renders them particularly attractive wear. Lace, it is safe to say, is on every gown in one form or another, generally

in several varieties. Coarse guipures mixed with black Chantilly are the favorite ornamentation for the black and white foulards, while tambour work and Swiss embroideries prevail for muslins, crysaliues, batistes and lioena.

A SPLENDID SHOWING

AMERICA COMPARED WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD. -'"TT In Wealth, Prod action and Consumption the United States, with Five Per Cent of the Papulation, Equals OneHalf of the Rest of Mankind. ® A comparison of the United States with the rest of the world as regards annual production, consumption, population, wealth and many other Items relating to the question of comparative prosperity, shows some remarkable facts. With less than 5 per cent of the population and only 7 per cent of the •area, yet In many ways we equal or surpass all the rest of the world combined, and taken as a whole, we are equal to one-half'of all the remainder of mankind besides ourselves. We equal or -surpass all the rest of the world In corn, cotton, eggs, petroleum, leather products, copper and forest products. We produce two-thirds as much as the rest of the world In coal, pig iron, steel, three-fifths of the total food and agricultural products and manufactures, one-half as much in sil-

Comparlaon of Present Status, Annual Production, Consumption? Ktc • Between United States and Rest of the World. Figures are approximate. Where possible, official; otherwise, from most reliable authorities, dating Jan. 1, 1901, or last fiscal or calendar year. Where last annual figures are abnormal an average is taken of recent years.

Status and commodity. World. United States. Rest of world. Population 1.600,000,000 77,000,000 1,523,000,000 Area, square miles 52,000,000 3,803.000 48,397,00*) Wealth ~.5400,000,000,000 100,000,000,000 300,000,000,000 Gold production $ 820,000,000 80,000,000 240,000,000 Stock of gold $ 4,841,000,000 1,020,200,000 3,840,800,000 Silver production .-. ..(a)s 100,000,000 33.000,000 67.000.000 Stock of silver $ 3.820,000,000 660,000,000 3,170,000,000 Paper money $ 3,000,000,000 310,000,000 2,600,000,000 Corn production, bu 2,800,000,000 (b)2,100,000,000 700,000,000 Corn consumption, bu 1,900,000,000 900,000,000 Wheat production, bu 2,600,000,000 (b)630,000,000 1,870,000,000 Wheat consumption, bu 430,000,000 2,070,000,000 Oats production, bu 3,100,000,000 (b)800.000,000 2,300,000,000 Oats consumption, bu 770,000,000 2,330,000,000 Rye production, bu 1,380,000,000 26,000,000 1,354,000,000 Barley production bu 750,000,000 90,000,000 600,000,000 Hay production, tons 250,000,000 66,000,000 185,000,000 Potato production, bu 4,000,000,000 240,000,000 3,760,000.000 Hops production, bales 1,050,000 200,000 850.000 Butter and cheese, tons 2,600,000 700,000 1,900,000 Eggs 20,000,000,000 10,000,000,000 10,000,000,000 Cotton production, bales 13,500,000 (b)10,500.000 3,000,000 Cotton consumption, bales 3,500,000 10,000,000 Wool production, lbs 2,700,060,000 300,000,000 2,400.000.0fi0 Wool consumption, lbs 460,000,000 - 2,250,000,000 Spindles in operation 105,000,000 21,000,000 84.000,060 Number of sheep 500,00u,000 45,000000 465,000,000 Number of milch cows 62,00.J,00t) 16,000,000 46,000,000 Sugar production, tons 8,550,000 210,000 8,310,000 Sugar consumption, tons 2,100,000 0,440,000 Coffee consumption, lbs 1,700,000,000 700,000,000 1,210,000,000 Tea consumption, lbs 400,000,000 85,000,000 365,000,000 Food production, tons. 350,000,000 150,000,000 200,000,000' Food consumption, tons 128,000,000 222,000,060 Agricultural products $ 16,000,000,000 7,000,0C0,000 9,000,000,000 Meat products, ions 26.000,000 10,000,000 16,000,000 Leather and products $ 600,000,00*) 350,000,000 250,000,000 Fish products, tons . 3,250,000 1,000,000 2,250,000 Forest area, acres 1,386,600,000 700,000,000 636,000,000 Forest products $ 3,000,000.000 1,500,000,000 1,500,000,000 Beer production, gall 6,550,000,000 1,221,000,000 5,329,000,000 Wine production, gall 3.060,000,000 26,300,000 2,974,000,009 Petroleum product, gall 5,000,000,000 2,500.000,000 2,600,000,000 Coal production, tons 750,060,000 300,000,000 450,000,000 Copper production, tons 468,509 260,000 188,500 Iron ore, tons 90.000,09$ 30,000,000 60,000,000 Pig iron, tons 40,060.000 15,000,000 25,000,000 Steel, tons 27,000 000 11,000,000 16,000,000 Steam, horse-power 70.000,000 26,000,000 46,000,000 Manufactures f $ 40,000,000.000 15,000,000,000 26,000,000,000 Railroad mileage 475,000,000 <c)195,000,000 280,000,000 Spent for public education $ 500,000,000 200,000,000 300,000,000 Life insurance in force $ 18”,000,000,000 12,000,000,000 6,000,000,000 Savings bank deposits $ 7,000,000,000 2,500,000,000 4,500.000.000 Shipping, tonnage 30,000,000 (d)5,500.000 24,500,000 Revenue $ 5,600,000,000 600,000,000 5,000,000,000 Expenditures $ 5,900,000,000 525,000,000 6,375,000,000 Exports S 7.750,000,000 1.500,000,000 0,250,000,000 Imports $ 9,000,000,000 850,000,000 8,160,000,000 Debt $ 33,000,000,000 1,050,000,000 31,950,000,000 (a) Commercial value; coining value somewhat more than double these amounts. (b) Average recent years. (c) Total track, 200,000 miles. (d) More than fonr-flftha engaged in lake and coast trade.

Tendency of Reciprocity.

“Reciprocity” differs from free trade only as cutting off a dog’s tall an inch at a time differs from making one job of it. It begins by sacrificing the weaker Interests to the stronger, and will end in the union of the weaker to take away further protection from the arrogant oppressors. If the orange growers of California and the hosiery operatives of New England are to lose their just protection, they will endeavor to see to it that no one else Is protected at their expense. A strong effort is being made to unite the manufacturers of the country in support of the French and other “reciprocity” treaties before the Senate. It is evident that those who expect to share in the benefits of the treaty will support it, and that those who are to be left out will not All would gladly unite in offering the fruit interests of California as a victim. It appears that the telegraphic report of the annual address of President Search of the Manufacturers’ Association, led us to do more than justice to that gentleman a day or two since. He was correctly reported as urging a steady adherence to the policy of protection and a system of reciprocity which should injure none of our interests. We did him the honor of assuming that he would accept the logical conclusion of his own premises, but the full text of his address shows that he favors the ratification of the treaties, which do not adhere to the policy of protection and do Injure American Interests. We are convinced that these views will not prevail, but we have a fight before us, and It must be plainly understood that the question of reciprocity has no connection with the subject of trusts. “Reciprocity" will merely end in free trade.—San Francisco Chronicle.

Setting a Good Example.

Until this year, and very recently, tl»e various departments of the government at Washington have used towels of foreign manufacture In all branches. An enterprising Arm of New Jersey recently manufactured some towels with the words ‘‘Executive Office'’ woven In the towel, and soon afterward received a liberal order for a supply for the Executive Mansion. Within a few days the same house has received a large order for the War Department, with the words “War Department” woven into the toweh American manufacturers have been slow to develop this line of fabrics, but now. having received the Indorsement and advertising which naturally goes with It, they ought to be able to develop the Industry rapidly. Every department la Wash-

v«r, Iron ore, fish, one-fifth as much la gold, wheat, oats, bay, butter and cheese, one-fourth as much in hop* and beer, one-fifth to one-tenth as much ini barley and wool. Reckoned In value, we consume twice as much corn as all the rest of the world, one-half as much wheat, onethird as much oats, one-third as ranch cotton, one-fifth as mnch wool, onethird as much sugar, one-half as much fish, nearly as much coffee, one-fourth as much tea, and about three-fifths as much meat; We have one-third as much wealth, one-third as much gold, one-fifth as much silver, one-tenth as many sheep, one-third as many cow* two-thirds of the railroad mileage, as much life insurance, one-half aa much savings bank deposits, one-fourth of the export trade, one-tenth of the revenue and expenditures and less than one-thirtieth of the world’s debt We are to-day practically independent of the rest of the earth. In a few years, we shall raise our own sugar, silk, all fibers, tea, coffee, wines, and. In fact, everything used by mankind. The conclusion, then, Is warranted that In another generation, If the present system of protection is continued, the people of the United States and territories will equal or surpass In production, consumption and wealth the peoples of the rest of the world combined.

ington should use nothing but Ameslcan goods, providing they are of equal merit with those of foreign make. It is true, however, that the government departments are often the very last to adopt American goods. This should not be. They ought to set a better example.

Not to Be Trusted.

A Democratic contemporary says “manufacturers and trust leaders like Flint of New York have advocated material reductions of the tariff.” This will remind the reader of the fact that Havemeyer of sugar trust notoriety attempted to throw the blame for the creation of trusts on the tariff, and it ought to suggest also, that when the men most interested in the perpetuation of combinations of this kind point out means of restricting them, they are entitled to about as much consideration as would be shown to the devil If he undertook to enter an orthodox pulpit to»expound his views on morality.— San Francisco Chronicle.

A Hollow Bluff.

An influential and trustworthy journal of Vienna, Polltische Correspondenz,” announces that French official circles have given up the Idea of organizing a continental boycott of American exports, declaring that the difficulties of organizing an effective European customs league against the United States are considered insuperable. The threat was never more than a pale, transparent bluff anyhow, and It never scared anybody in this country excepting a few people who were looking for something to get scared at.

Ben Jonaon wrote “Every Mas In HU Humor,” considered by competent critics to be his best play, at 22.