Rising Sun Times, Volume 3, Number 111, Rising Sun, Ohio County, 26 December 1835 — Page 6

enormous expense, of those permanent and extensive military organizations. That just medium which avoids an inadequate preparation, on one hand, and the danger and expense of a large force, on the other, is what our constituents l ave a rh'ht to expect from their Government. This object can be attained only by the mainlenar.ee of a small military force, and by such an organization of the physical strength of the country as may bring this power into operation, w henever its serv ices are re-ouircd.-A classification of the popu

lation offers the most obvious means of effectine this organization. Such a di vision may be made as will be just to nil, by transferring each, at a proper period of life, from one class to another, and by calling first for the services of that class, whether fur instruction or action, which, from age, is qualified for the duty, and may be called to perform it with least injury to themselves or to the public. Should the dancer ever be come so imminent as to require additional force, the other classes, jn mccession, would be ready for the call. And if, in addition to this organization, voluntary associations were encouraged, and inducements held out for their lor mation, our militia would be in a stale of efficient service. Now, when we are at peace, is the proper time to di ccstand establish a practicable system The object is certainly worth the experiment, and worth the expense. No one appreciating the blessings of a Republi can Government, can object to his share of the burden which such a plan may impose. Indeed, a moderate portion of the national funds could scarcely be bet ter applied, than in carrying into ef fect ana continuing such an arrange menf, and in giving the necessary ele mentary instruction. We are happily nt peace with all the world. A sincere desire to continue so, and a fixed de termination to give no just cause of of fence to other nations, furnish, unfoi tu nately, no certain ground of expectation that this relation will be uninterrupted. With this determination to give no of fence is associated a. resolution, equally decided tamely to submit to none. The armor and the attitude of defence afford the best security against those colhsious which the ambition, or inter est, or some other passion of nations, not more justifiable, is liable to produce. In many countries it is considered unsafe to put arms into the hands of the people, and to instruct them in the elements of military knowledge. That fear can have no place here, w hen it is recollected that the People are the sovereign power. Our Government was instituted and is supported by the ballot-box, and not by the musket. Whatever changes await it, still greater changes must be made in our social institutions, before our political system can yield to physical force. In every aspect, therefore, in which I can view the subject, 1 am impressed with the importance of a prompt and efficient organization of the milita. The plan of removing the Aboriginal People who yet remain ia the settled portions of the United States, to the country west of the Mississippi river, approaches its consummation. It'was ndopted on the most mature consideration of the condition of this race, and ought to be persisted in till .the object is accomplished, and prosecuted with as much vigor as a just regard to their circumstances will permit, and as fast as their consent can be obtained. All preceding experiments for the improvement of the Indians have failed. It Bcems now to be an established fact, that they cannot live in contact with a civilized community and prosper. Ages of fruitless endeavors have, at len brought us to a knowledge of this principle of intercommunication with them. The past we cannot recall, but the future we can provide for. Independently of the treaty stipulations into which we have entered with the various tribes, for the usufructuary rights they have ceded to u?, no one can doubt the moral duty of the Government of the United Stales to protect, and, if possible, to preserve and perpetuate, the scattered remnants of this race which are left within our borders. In the discharge of this duty, an extensive . region in the West has been assigned for their permanent residence. It has been divided into districts, and allotted among them. Many have already removed, and others are preparing to go; nnd with the exception of two small band?, living in Ohio and Indiana, not exceeding fifteen hundred persons, and f the Cherokee, all the tribes on the east side of the Mississippi, and extending from Lake Michigan to Florida, have entered into engagements which will lead to their transplantation. The plan for their removal and reestablishment is founded upon the knowledge wne have gained of their character end habits, and has been dictated by a

spirit of enlarged liberality. A territo

ry exceeding in extent that relinquishCc tins brrn ranted to each inoe. cm its climate, fertility, and capacity to support an Indian population, the rep resentations are highly favorable, io these districts, the Indians are removed at the expense of the United States, and with certain supplies of clothing, arms, ammunition, and other indispensa ble articles, they are also furnished gra tuitouslv with provisions for the period of a year after their arrival at their new homes. In that time, Irom uie nature of the country, and of the products rais ed by them, they can subsist themselves by agricultural labor, it mey cnoosu 10 resort to that mode ol hie. It incy do not, they arc upon the skirls of the groat prairies, where countless herds of buffalo roam, and a short time suffices to adant their own habits to the chan ges which a ch uige of the animals des tined for their food rriay require. Ample arrangements have also been made for the support cf schools. In some instances, council-houses and churches are to be erected, dwellings constructed for the chiefs, and mills for common use. Funds have been set apart for the maintenance of the poor. The most necessary mechanical arts have been intioduced, and blacksmiths, gunsmiths, wheelwrights, millwrights, &,c. are supported among them. Steel and iron, and sometimes salt, are purchased for them, and ploughs and other farming utensils, domestic animals, looms, spinning wheels, cards, Sec. are presented to them. And besides these beneficial arrangements, annuities are in all cases paid, amounting in some instances, to more than thirty dollars for each individual of the tribe; and in all cases sufficiently great, if justly divided, and prudently expended, to enable them, in addition to -their own exertions, to live comfortably. And as a stimulus for exertion, it is now provided by law, that, "in all cases of the appointment of interpreters, or other persons employed for the benefit of the Indians, a preference shall be given to persons of Indian descent, if such can be found who are properly qualified for the discharge of the duties." Such are the arrangements for the physical comfort, and for the moral improvement of the Indians. The necessary measures for their political advancement, and for their separation from our citizens, has not beerr neglected.The pledge of the United Stales has been given by Congress, that the country destined for the residence of this people, shall be forever "secured and guarantied to them." A country west of Missouri and Arkansas has been assigned to them, into which the white, settlements are not to be pushed. No political communities can be formed in that extensive region, except those which are established by the Indians themselves, or by the United States for them, and with their concurrence. A barrier has thus been raised for their protection against the encroachments of our citizens, and guarding the Indians, as far as possible, from those evils which have brought them to their present condition. Summary authority has been given by law to destroy all ardent spirits found in their country, without wailing the doubtful result and slow process of legal seizure. I consider the absolute and conditional interdiction of this article, among those people, as the first and great step in their melioration. Half-way measures will answer no purpose. These cannot successfully contend against the cupidity of the seller, and the overpowering appetite of the buyer. And the destructive effects of the traffic are marked in every page of the history of our Indian intercourse. Some general legislation seems necessary for the regulation of the relations which will exist in this new .state of things between the Government and people of the United State3 and these transplanted Indian tribes; and for the establishment among the latter, and with their own consent, of some principles of intercommunication, which their juxtaposition will call for; that moral may be substituted for physical force, the authority of a few and simple laws for the tomahawk, and that an end maybe put to those bloody wars, whose pro secution seems to have made part of ineir social system. After the further details of this arrangement are completed, with a very general supervision over them, they ought to be left to the progress of events. These, I indulge the hope, will secure their prosperity and improvement, and a largo portion of the moral debt we owe them will then be paid. The Report from the Secretary of the Navy, showing the condition of that branch of the public servicers recimmended to jour fpecial attention. It appears from it, that our naval force at present in commi'aion, with all the ac

tivity which can be given to it, is inadequate to the protection of our rapidly

increasing commerce. 1 his consideration, and the more general one which regards this arm of the national defence as our best security against foreign ag gression, strongly urge the continuance of the measures which promote its gradual enlargement, and a speedy increase of the force which has been heretofore employed abroad and at home. You will perceive, from the estimates which appear in the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that the expenditures necessary to this increase of its force, though of considerable amount, are small compared with the benefits which they w ill secure to the country. As a means of strengthening this national arm, I also recommend to your particular attention the propriety of the suggestion which attracted the consideration of Congress in its last session, respecting the enlistment of Boys at a suitable age in the service. In this manner, a nursery of skilful and ablebodied seamen can be established, which will be of the greatest importance. Next to the capacity to put afloat and arm the requisite number of ships, is the possession of the means to man them efficiently ; and nothing seems better calculated to aid this object, than the measure proposed. Asan auxiliary to the advantages derived from our extensive commercial marine, it would furnish us with a resource ample enough for all the exigencies which can be an ticipated. Considering the stale of our resources, it cannot be doubted that whatever provision the liberality and visdom of Congress may now adopt, with a view to the perfect organization of this branch of our service, will meet the approbation of all classes of our citizens. By the Report of the Postmaster General, it appears that the revenue of that Department, during the year ending on the 30th day of June last, exceeded its accruing responsibilities, .$230,206, and that the surplus of the present. fiscal year is estimated at $4?C,227. It further appears that the debt of the Department on the first day of July last, including the amount due to contractors for the quarter then just expired, was about 1 ,0G-1,33 1 , exceed inglhe available means about $23,700, and that on the 1st instant about 597,077 of this debt had been paid: 409,991 out of postages accruing since. In these payments are included $G7,000 of the old debt due to Banks. After making these payments, the Department had 73,000 in Bank on the 1st instant. The pleasing assurance is given, that the Department is entirely free from embarrassment, and that by collection of outstanding balances, and using the current surplus, the remaining portion of the Bank debt, and most of the other debt, will probably be paid in April next, leaving thereafter, a heavy amount to be applied in extending the mail facilities of the country. Reserving a considerable sum for the improvement of existing mail routes, it is stated, that the Department will be able to sustain with perfect convenience, an annual charge of 300,000, for the support of new routes, to commence as soon as they can be established and put in operation. The measures adopted by the Postmaster General, to bring the means of the Department into action, and to effect a speedy extinguishin en t of its debt, as well ss lo produce nn efficient administration of its affairs, will be found detailed at length in his able and luminous report. Aided by a re-organization on the principles sugge.-ted, and such, salutary provisions in the laws regulating its administrative dutieg, a the wisdom of Congress may device or approve, that important Department will soon attain a degree of usefulness proportioned to the increase of our population, and the extension of our settlements. Particular attention is solicited to that portion of the report of the Postmaster General which relates to the carriage of the Mails of the United States upon railroads constructed by private corporations, uuder the authority of the several States. The reliance which the General Government can place on these roads as a means of carrying on its operations, and the principles on which the use of them is to be obtained, cannot too soon be considered and settled. Already does the spirit of monopoly begin to exhibit its natural pro penalties, in attempts to exact from the public, for services which it supposes cannot be obtained on other terms, the most extravagant compensation. If these claims be persisted in, the question may arise, whether a combination of citizens, acting under charters of incorporation from the States, can, by a direct refusal, or the demand of an exorbitant price, exclude the United States from the use of the established channels of communication between the different sections of the country : and whether the United States cannot, without transcending their constitutional powers, secure to the Post Office Department the use of those roads, by nn act of Congress, which shall provide within itself some equitable mode for adjusting the amount of compensation. To obviate, if possible, the necessity of considering tbisqucslion, it is suggested whether it be not expedient to 6x, by law, the amounts which shall he offered to railroad companies for the conveyance of the mails, graduated according to the average weight, to be ascertained and declared by the Postmaster General. It is probable that A liberal propo sition of that sort would be accepted. In connection with these provisions in relation to the Post Office Department, I must also invite your attention to the painful excitement produced in the South, by attempts to circulate through tbe mailt inflammatory appeals ad

dressed to the passions of the Slaves, in prints, and in various sorts of publications, calculated to stimulate them to insurrection, and to produce all the horrors of a servile war. There is doubtless no respectable portion of our countrymen who can he so far misled, as to

feel any other sentiment than that of indignant regret at conduct so destructix e of the harmony and peace of the country, and so repugnant to the principles of our national compact and lothe dictates of humnriitv and relicion. Our happiness and prosperity essentially depend unon neace within our borders: and peace de pends upon the maintenance, in good faith, of inose compromises oi uie consuiuuuu ujiuu which the Union is founded. It is fortunate for the country that tbe pood sense, the generous feeling, and the deep rooted attachment of the People of the non-slavchold-inc States to the Union, and to their fellow citizens of the same blood in the South, have eiven so stronsj and impressive a tone to the sen timents entertained against the proceedings of the misguided persons who have engaged in these unconstitutional and wicked attempts, and especially against the emissaries from for eign parts, who have dared to interfere in this matter, as to authorize the hope that those at tempts will no lonser be persisted in. But if these expressions of the public will shall not be siillicient to eliect so desirable a result, not i doubt can be entertained that the non-slave holding States, so far from countenancing the slightest interference with the constitutional rights of the South, will be prompt to exercise their authority in suppressing, so laras in them lies, whatever is calculated to produce this evil In leaving: the care ol other branches ct thi interesting subject to the State authorities, to whom they properly belong, it is nevertheless proper for Congress lo take such measures as will prevent the Post Office Department, winch was designed to foster an amicable intercourse and correspondence between all tbe member of the confederacy . from being used asan in strumetit of an opposite character. The Ge neral Government to which the great trus is Confided of preserving inviolate the relations created nmong the Stales, by the constitution is especially bound to avoid in its own action any thins: that may disturb them. I would therefore, call the especial attention of Con gress to the subject, and respectfully suggesi the propriety .of passin? such a law as will pro hibit, under severe penalties, the circulation in the Southern States, turongh the mail, ol jncen diary publieatsons intended to instigate the slaves to insurrection. 1 felt it to be my duty, in the first message w-bich I communicated lo Congress, to unrein on its attention the propriety of amending Hint partol the constitution which piovides for the election of the President and Vice President of the U. States. The leading object which 1 had in view was the adoption of some new provisions which would secure to the People the performance of this high duty, without any intermediate agency, in my annual communications since, 1 have enforced the same views, from a sincere conviction that the best interests of the country would be promoted by their adoption. If the subject were an ordinary one, I should have regarded the failure of Congress lo act upon it as anindication ol'theirjudgmcnt that the disadvantages which belong to the present system were not so great as those which would result from any attainable substitute that had been submitted to their consideration. Recollecting, however, that propositions to introduce a new feature in our fundamental laws cannot be too patiently examined, and ousht not to be received with favor until the great I'Ulljr Iff the PoOplo (k.rHll- Mr. prn wil with their necessity and value, as n remedy for real evils, 1 feel that, in renewing the recommendation I have heretofore made on this subject, 1 am not transcending the bounds of a just deference to the sense of Congress, or to the dis position of the People. However much we may differ in the choice of the measures which sho'd guide the administration of government, there can be but little doubt in the minds of those who are realty friendly to the republican fea tures ol our system, that one ol its most impor tant securities consists in the separation of the Legislative and Executive powers, at the same time that each is held responsible to the ereat source of authority which is acknowledged to be supreme in the wul of the People constitu tionally expressed. My reflection and expert ence satisfy me, that the framcrs of the Constitution, although they were anxious to mark this feature as a settled and fixed principle in the structure of the Government, did not adopt all the precautions that were necessary to secure its practical observance; and that we cannot be said to have carried into complete effect their intentions until the evils which arise from this organic defect are remedied. Considering the great extent of our Confede racy, the rapid increase of our population, and the diversity of their interests and pursuits, it cannot no uisguiseu mat ine contingency by which cue branch of the Legislature is to "form itself into an Electoral College, cannot become one of ordinary occurrence, without producing incalculable mischief. hat was intended as the medicine of the Constitution in extreme ca ses, cannot be frequently used w ithout chanr ing its character, and sooneror later producing incurable disorder. F.very election by the House cf Representa tives is calculated to lessen the lorce of that security which is derived from the distinct and separate character of the Legislative and Exe cutive functions, and while it exposes each to temptations adverse to their efficiency as organs of the Constitution and laws, its tendency will be to unite both in resisting the will of the peonlp. nnil ttma uiuf ;i ifiruntinn ti- thn ni.vnrn. j , r -' - wvwijInent both anti-republican and dansrexous. All history teaches us that a free People should be watchful of delegated power, and should never acquiesce .in a practice w hich will diminish their coutrol over it. The obligation, so uni versal in it6 application to all the principles of a Kepublic, is peculiarly so in ours, where the formation of parties, founded on sectional interests, is so much fostered by the extent of our territory. These interests represented by can didates lor the Presidency, are constantly prone, in the zeal of party and selfish objects, to generate influences unmindful of the general good, and forgetful of the restraints which the great body of the People would enforce, if they were, in no contingency, lo lo'e the right of expressing their will. The experience of our country, Irom Ihe formation of the Government to the present tlay, demonstrates that the Peo ple cannot too soon adopt some stronger safeguard for their right lo electing the highest offi cers known lo the Constitution, than is contained in that sacred instrument as it now stands, It is my duty to call tho particular attention of Congress to the present condition of the Dis trict ol Columbia, r roiu whatever cause the great depression has arisen which now exrt in the pecuniary concerns of the citizen ol this District, it is proper that its situation should be understood, and such relief or remedies provided as are consistent with the powers of Congress. I earnestly recommend the extension of every political right to the citizens of the District which their true interests require, and which does not conflict with the provisions of the Constitution. It is believe that the laws for Iho gorernment of the District require revi- j

al and amendment, and that much good may

be done by modifying the penal code, so as to lve uniformity to its provisions. Your attention is also invited to the defects which exist in the Judicial system of the United States. As at present organized, the States of the Union derive unequal advantages from the r ecieral J udiciary, which have been so often pointed out, that I deem it unnecessary to repeat tliem here. It is hoped that the present Congress will extend to all the States, that e ' quality in respect to the benefits of the laws o. the Union, which can only be secured by the . uniformity and efficiency of the Judicial system. With these observations on the topics of cert, ernl interest which are deemed worthy of voir, consideration, I leave them to your care, trust ing tnat me legislative measures they call for. will tie met as tne wants ana the best interests of our beloved country demand. ANDREW JACKSON. Washingtois-, 7th December, 1835. S. HATHAWAY, fJjT AS just received from New York JL and Philadelphia, an extensive variety of NEW and SEASONABLE GOODS, w hich he offers at piices that cannot fail to give satisfaction to the purchaser consisting in part of UK following articles, viz: Super black, blue, mulberry, green, olive and mixed broad Cloths, Blue, black, drab, light and dark striped Cassimeres; A complete assortment of ladies' and gentlemen's gloves 8z hosiery ; A large ass't of plain and figured silk, Marseilles, Valencia and cotton Yestings; Stocks; Plain, pink, buff, striped, and checked Scotch and French Ginghams; French printed Muslins and Gingham?, rich patterns; Bleached and unbleached Sheeting and Shirting; Plain, corded and cross barred White Cambrics; colored do. Cambric Mu-lins ; jaconet, Swiss, plain and figured Book do. mull, Green Barrage; Italian imitation d Co. Gro do N.tp, Gro de Swiss, Florence, and sa:sa: ct Silks, Bomb.izencs ntid crape DeJeiii; Irish Linens; brown and bleaeii'd Russia Linens; Linen Cambric; Bobinet laces, Edgings, black silk Velvet, Russia diaper; Bed ticking; O : it. i j i t i ii '- oiiKHiiu co. ion umorenas; Flannels, twisted Silpk; crape, g:uze and fancy dress lldkfs; Flag, bandanna, Italian and pongee silk pocket lldkfs. Also, about most every style; British Sewing Twist on spools; Summer stufK, Drilling, Ermcncf, Sum mer Cloths, cic. Straw and Leghorn Bonnel?,!alcst fashions; Palm Hals, Fur do. Beols, Shoos rind ESrogans. Also, a fine assortment of Hardware, Crockery, Glass, China and Hollowvare,Groceries,Medicinc?,Paints.Dye Stuffs, SHOT GUXS, Iron, Steel, Nails, Hoes, Shovels, Spades, Strap Hinges, &c. &c. Rising Sun, April 25, 1835.-y Wcw & Clieap Goods. PIATT & ATHEARN, rilAKE pleasure in informing their B numerous customers and the public in genera!, that in addition to their former stock, they have lately received and opened, at their old stand, a large and elegant assortment cf FALL & WINTER GOOlkg AMONG WHICH MAY EE FOUND Clolhs, Cassimeres, Cassinelts, Jeans, Satmetis, Circassians, Ginghams, Flannels, Vestings, Silks, Gloves, Hosiery, Handkerchiefs, CALICOES in great variety, and every other article in the Dry Goods line. A large supply of Boots, Shoes and Krogans. They have also on hand and intend to keep a large and good assortment of Groceries, Queens ware, Cutlery," Hardware, Glass and Tin Ware, Cotton Yarns, Saddlery, Castings of all kinds, Steel.Iron, Nails, Powder, Shot, Lead, Hats, Caps, Drugs and Medicines, Paints, Oils, DyeStuffs, and in fine every article usually kept in stores, making as good an assortment as can be found at any similar establishment in the country and they will sell cheap on their former termsf They invite the public to call and er amine for themselves. James' iMill, Nov. 183.3. y f; rgillE Rising Sun Insurance con -- ny is now fully organized and j -pared toake risks, both in the Mai and Fire departments, on as eood tet i as any other office; and they hope, b a fair and liberal course, to merit an'rA of the public. to ..v... l.u commence and nafrnnnirA MOSES TURNER, Sec'y. KismgSun, Aug. 29, 1835. r 9itf ,l