Richmond Palladium (Weekly), Volume 41, Number 43, 6 January 1872 — Page 2
ltanhy, Jnary- 6.""I37I." Chas. F., Coffin. Loudon, 12th mo;' 1 6ib,l 87 " B. W. Davis. Drar Fricn.t: It b lieeo now 35 daya aluce' we Sanded In Ireland, where we epcnl 11 days. It la a beautiful Island, all cultivated, lier auscepiMc of It; green ot 'thU season end lookiug very pleasant. ; Many of the laboring class arc very poor and live in miacrablo huts, worse than anything I ever saw InLal i;ed in America VTc writ 4 Into some of them, and found tho in mates all anxious to got' 'to : the United States as soon as poasiblo. Tho middle and uprer classes, aro very comfortable and exceedingly hospitable: We came away with a very favorable impression of Ireland. Public Schools' are being opened in every part of the Island, and in some places, tho land is being subdivided and sold in small parcels to actual tenants, which will greatly Improve the condition of the peop!crWe have spent several days in an ag ricultural region, eince our arrival in England, and have now been in this great city near two weeks. We see very few farmers" in this country, and the land is frequently without houses for a long distance, indicating that it is Sold 'to large quantities. The farms lcok beautiful hedges enclose the ground and trees arc often planted along the hedges, giving beauty and vanity to the scenery, The climate is not ss cold as ours, but one requires more clothing on nocount of the dampness of tho atmosphero t This is a wonderful city equalling, and, in many ways excelling our expectations. It is from 12 to 14 miles long, and 6 or 7 wide in tlio better portions, the streetare regular, well paved and clean and the houses good, but different in construction and appearance from those in our - cities. The wagons, carts, carriages, fco., are all different from ours, hence, ev erything has a strange appears ; ance. Wo have seen most of the objects of general interest such as the Tower, Westminister Abbey, drc., and have had an opportunity to see all classes of people, from the highest to tho lowest.; Both extremes are greater than in our own land. Wo expect to remain here a few days yet and then visit some other parts of England, before wo go to the Continent. It seems very strange to us to be so far from our own homeland friends they feel dearer to us than ever. Wc glory in our own land our own government our beautiful little city its pleasant people, and in all connected with home. We soon respond, when our good Government is spoken against. ; ' ' It is surprising to see how tho people here are devoted to the reigning family. The illness of the Prince of Wales, has called forth such expressions of feeling and sympathy as 1 have never seen before. C F. Coffin LETTER FROM IRELAND. TIEB ISLAND FBI80 CORKN BARBOB. Special Correspondence of the Ind. Jour. After a somewhat rough out prosperous sea voyage of ten days, it was very pleasant to be waked at an early hour in the morning with information that we were near Cork harbor. At 9 a m., we landed at Qooenstown. Upon arrival at the hotel.I found tho card of Peter Hay, Governor of Spike Island, where one of the largest prisons in I eland Is located . Through the kindness of a friend in England, way had been made for us to visit it a 'favor whioh we highly appreciated when we found that it was dfficnlt for strangers to obtain access, and that on Saturday, the day of our arrival, no visitors were usually admitted. The Governor sent his boat lor us, in the afternoon, and received us with the utmost kindness and openness, giving ns all tho information we desired, and showing us into every part ofprison. An aged Cataolic priest, fgfirbiM Ceen chaplain for the Cathollo convicts over twenty years, and who seemed to possess much benevolence and kindness of heart, also attended us as we passed around. One featuro of this, as well as the other Irish prisons which we bavo visited. - is that two chaplains arc employed, one for the Catholics and " another for the Protestant portion of the convicts. ' The wholo prison system of Ireland, of which -1 shall more fully speak hereafter, was - created by an act of Parliament in 1854, and is under the manned- : meat of two directors appointed by j the government. Spike Island is i a penal prison, to which ttonvictB " are sent after serving a time at klnnnt .Taw Nn nrisnnrr in ' sent f - - f - ' to Spike Island for 'less . than five years many of them are life convicts, to whom of course, the rules for lessening time of service do not apply. The prison itself is a Government fortification for the prdteclion ol the harbor, and although there are two or three others which render its nee unnecessary ordinarily, it is kept in perfect or der for its original purpose. A considerable number, of soldiers are kopt there, who act as outside guard for tho prison. They are a fine looking body of picked men; with uniforms and equipments In 1 ptffeot order. The prisoners ire. all employed at hard labor on ihe Government fortifications and, worts in the harbor, except a suf ficient camber to do all the neces jtry work. connected with the pris
on, inoluding the manufacture of their own clothes, shoes, the prep -artlon ol their own food, such carpenter and blacksmith work as is needed. These things giro em-
iujci, v, considerable num I rjer or men ana aro used ns rewards for those who aros faitlJul 'Tho luiuaings naving all been designrd fortilicaticns anij barracks. nn IOW. none of tbem having morfj than two tiers of cell. one above another, buv they ,aro admirably ventilate! and kept scruDulouslv neat and clean. We eonUl nnt do ... . - tect the least unpleasant smell eo common in prisons in the whole institution. , The thick stono walls of the fortification sarround it mounted wi;u immense- cannon. These outer wails arc surronded with a deep ditch, and outside all the ground regularly descends to uc waitr, ai-.u ia covered with a
thick coat of heauMful ereeri erasa "T;ou"n a W. which is or a rrnTi V.l 1 .llul Ereen grass, ker character than the answer receive
- - . j w niiivuiii vu vuuccive U more beautiful place, to ontword appearance, commanding a view of miles of lend end water. The prisoners aro worked together, and at night tiro locked in sepatate colls, protected in tront and over the top by a heavy wire grating through which they can, and do to a limited extent communicate with each other, by permission guards always being at hand to prevent any improper liberty '. When we were there, the prison contained about 700 convicts GQO of whom were classed as Catholics and 100 Protestants. TLcir religious instruction i3 committed to" the Chaplains, who preach to them on tho Sabbath, visit them in their cells, and teach them In Sabbath Schools. Their cells are all light as well , as properly ventilated. They sleep on hammocks, which are rolled up in tho day and leave the room clear of obstruction. Their fpod consists of porridge of oatmeal; and rice, and bread and milk for breakfast, mea t.soup and bread and milk three times a week, and meat, bread and milk four times a week, with the addition of potatoes on the Sabbath for dinner and bread and milk for supper. The b eid is made of wheat flour and is very good, as we can testify from trial. School is taught two Hours in each da v. for all the earlier branches of education reading, writing, trilhmetic. etc to which the convicts nil have the opportunity of going under proper regulations. There is a system of degrees very similar to that used in Reform Schools in our c.untry. When a prisoner first enters, he is put in the third class, uniformed in plain, gray clothes no sttipes or other degrading mark being used. If his conduct admits, he is in time, promoted .to second class, with colors on coat, and cuffs on sleevss, and from this to first class, with red collar and cuff. From this he passes into tho advance class, with plain clothes marked with the letter A .And the convicts enjoying special privileges aro taken from this class. going under They are allowed a small sum from their earnings, which is increased as they advanco in grade, and enables them when discharge! to have some money, as well as a suit of new clothes, with which they aro furnished. A portion of tneir earnings is also withheld to bo paid to them by instalments after discharge. A system of reduction of time, conditioned on a good conduct, such as : s adopted in some of our . States, is also in use, so that by uniform good conduct n prisoner may lessen his imprisonment thirteen months in five years. Thus every motive to good conduct is held . out, and that great element in reformation hope, is used. No back step is used, but the prisoners march in good order, under their guards or ma J, ters . Insane convicts are at once removed to an asylum, and a cell is provided, carefully padded all around its walls, for any showing sncidal tendencies. Imbacilcs are kept in a separate apaitmcnt Punishment is administered only after evidence, as to the offence, has been taken, in mild ceses by order of the Governor,and in more severe cases by order of tho Directors to whom all cases of punishment mnst be reported with the evidence. Time for reflection is always given a prisoner before punishment is administered. I consistsjnpniluement in a separ ate cell, on restricted focd, tno dark cell, and only occasionally in severe cases, the use of the cat. Whoa a prisoner has by good conduct rendered himself worthy he may be transfered by the directors to the farm prison at Sart, whieh we hopo to visit and describe. When discharged previous to close of term of sentence, it is always on 'ticket of leave,' by which he may bo promptly returned if he gives evidence - of a lapse into crime. v ' Much pains is .taken ; throughout the Island, as I. shall have occasion moro fully to refer to hereafter, to learn whether the offence for which a prisoner is being tried, is his first one. If it be a second or third one, a more severe sentence is always admini.tered. -.. . ; ' ; . , ; While in some respects the prison on Spike Island might be much improvd, 1 have never visited one which comes so nearly tp to a proper standard, and so effectually accomplishes the object intend ed, in the reformation of the prisoner, and the protection of society. It is not my purpose, howsver, to approve or disapprove of its mode of management, .but simply, to state the facts. I shall examine more thoroughly into the laws regulating tho management of prisons in this land, and into their results, and hope to communicato with you again on the subject. ' , , ,f .. C F.C. ! The fates of fare on the F. C. & St. L Bailroad we're changed on the first day of this year- '
THE NEW DEPAKTURE.
In tho Washington correspondence of tho New York Herald of tho Olh inst, appears tho following: The lIor Geo W; Julian, of Indiana, whose departure from tho adminis tration fold lost liira a scat in the present uongres, has Ins name '.carried . T . head of several ountry4per an a o form candidate for tlr iVisidencyf Thia circumstance together Mi Ids advocacy the PolicJ f reserving the pub'ic lamia aciuw settiers a? agairrn tho land gm biera, nwdo him the recipir-nfftf rnoti those circulars from the so-called conimitieo of workingraen that had ca'.led "a Labor Reform Convention, to meet here on Tuesdiy last, but which, at the last raoment. changed the call eo as to pin forces with the convention of tho Nation al Labor Union, that mes:sat Columbus j onto, in February next, to select a pla' form and candidate for till coming cam paign from other malcontents yet in Congress, and not beyond the reach of Executive favor or exclusion it in the fo'lowin words: CENTBEvaLB, Two , Dec 2. 1871. Alexasdek M. Kkneday, Esq. Deab Sib: In some way or other I have overlooked your' favor of November 7, till to-day, and it is nyw too late, probably, to reach you with my reply in time for your meeting, f, however, enclosa the accompanying paper, containing an editorial, tho writer of which has. in the main, expressed my views I hava but little hope for such a "new depirturo" as is indicated, and am looking earnestly to the organization of a new or third party, on such a basis as to bring icto it the honest and true men of both the old parties. I regret to say, however, that my business affairs are such thai I cannot be in, Washington for a week or ten days. In haste, very truly yours, - Geo. W. Julian. The editorial alluded to above, appeared in the Radical edited by his brother Isaac, and was no doubt written by liro. George himself, and it proclaims the Republican a3 dead, and gives the iogredients of a'new platform for tho new party, he proposes to start by bringing Minto it the honest and true men of both the old parties " The above letter comlictely ;"astonis!iC8 us, particularly ftIier Pushing his card last week from tho Cincinnati Gazette, wherein lie so pmniintfontiv baying had any intention nf nt,nn doning the Rcpubl:cia organiza lion," and pronounces it as "utter I r unfounded in truth," and so in dignant did ho become at the charge, that he demands of the Cincinnati Gazette the author of the vilo calumnj ! " , Wewerojust on the eve of announcing Geo. W. Julian as a candidate for Congressman atlargo for this State on the Republican ticket, but tho above letter cooled us off sufficiently to cause us to fall back on Macawber's philosophy wait lor Mr. Julian to rise and explain. Our object (to paraphraso what ho quotes as tho language of Gen. Taylor,) is not to wrong Mr. Julian, but tof find put where he stands. Stats Trbascbeb.. .Maj. John II Popp, of our city, we see is be- J mg noticed iavoraiiy all over tneState as the coming man for State Treasurer. Tbis selection will be a fitting recognition of one who is worthy and well qualified, and. whose eloquent services throughout the Stato on the stump, among his German friends, will be thus' fittingly remembered. His nomination will add strength to the, ticket throughout the Stato and be' gratifying to all who know him and who battled with him for the enfranchisement of the slave. For the Palladium. Mr, Editor: I see by the Tclc gram.scveral announcements made for a Treasurers nomination, and, you. will excuso me for selecting one out, of that number, as peculiarly fitted for the place in every way. I do this in good faith towards the lucky one who may be selected, if the lot does not fall on my favorite. Benjamin Strsttan, is. the one I alludo,.iajWeUfitted for.lho position. He is one of ouf old citizens who, in time past, when in prosperity, helped build up our city and contributed liberally to its progress and prosperity, Nearly every good road we have, owes something to Mr. Strattan's liberality. As a good, honest, reliable business-man our city never had a better one witbin its limits. lie is a consistant and thorough Re publican, ana uis prompt business habits, and pleasant disposition, would be just what is needed most in an officer on whom devolves the unpleasant task of collecting taxes. Tox-payers will olways "feel hap py" and under obligations, if they are paying their taxes to a pleasant a:d afflble officer. -T hopo, without disparasirc the claims of any other aspirant for the office, tuat my friend Strattan may be selected Yours, '' - Republican. Vision's Hotbi.. Wo advho al our friends who have occasion t go to Cambridge City, to not fail to -call and get a, square meal a Vinton's Hotel. They will always find every thing about the premis es in tip-top order, the best of good eating, and one of the best j hearted and most genial landlord I tuis or me otner siae or sunt dowD ' ' A Sabioal Query. A friend at oar elbow inquires if the Radical man could not be induced to hunt up and publis some of Adam's , letters to Ere ? i j would net only be something old, buf Bometnmg new. lai tno l ryiobita w comodato his readers. J w '
Woman's Kigha Mrs. Wood hull. Stelnway Hall, New York was crowded to overflowing on Monday night, in consequence of the anouncement that Victoria C. WoodhuH would lecture on 'The 1'riuciple of Social Freedom, involving Free Lore, Marriage, 4c.' remarkable fcituro not down ia tba progfamoift, was the intn option of tfie loeturer fcy lier sister, Mr,Bool ho inqaired ia response to Mr. Wiodbuil'a assertion that all W ich is nnw good
r-toM "eontifiaa ' to ortstir marriage law were abolish U How could yon expect tf ba recognind In i society unless you tneir who yenr father and mother was? . Mrs. Wo'xlhnU I assert that thera are as good and ooble mQ and wamen on top of this earth suffering from lha stain of ilK'grtiiiiaoy as any mm or women Ijefora me, and Gcdknowsldo not know how many illegitimate men or women: aro In tlra t all toote'nt. j: . . : . ,.: -r. ' IJero theconTasioa bacams so great tba no bing more coulJ ba board on the stage. Mrs. Urouk .was floalliy compelled to tajce her seat by , a policeman , the Chairman, Theodiiro Tilton ar.iilin2 rery liitle. Mrs. U'ooJhnH'a lecture was,, a fierco attack on bo marrige system, as at present constita ted, as an outrage oil indirijual freedom aud a barrier to general happiness. She maintained that it sho ild not partake more of tde character of a contract than any other legal agreement, and that tho continuance for a lifetime) was preposterous and an outrage. On the question of marriage, as in all Others, which affected prirato lite, the gor- . eminent should not be permitted to interfere; and to suppose that they were virtuous be' : cause of the restraint which imposes upon ; tliem was an insult to American Wemen. i She believed and glorified in free love which bound the practices to each other only during its existence, and severed their material relations whenever either of the parties desired. The offspring of such love waa best and purest. She defended Mrs. McFarland said that Mrs. Crittenden should hare given way to Mrs. Fair. She protested against the 'custom which compels woman to give control of her material functions over to anybody. ' She then spoke of prostitution If oui sisters who inhabit Green street and other filthy localities chose to remain in debauch, and if our brothers choose to visit them there, they are ' only exercising the same right that we -exeroiso in remaining away, and we bare no more right to abuse and eon lemn them for exercising their rights iu that war than tbey have to abuse and condemn us for exercising' our rights onr way. But we have a duty, and that is by our love, kindness and sympathy to endeavor to descit those a ays which wo feel are so damaging to all that ia high aud pure and true in the relations of the sexes. In Nebraska, courtships are said ta averago three hours and a half at a time. The French Government has refused te sell its crown jewels to private persons. fifteen ladies, including the wife and sister of the rector, recently had their pockets! picked in an English church. A Conncticut woman's grief for ber husban'd death is said to have been increased by the thought that tbe parlor curtains were in tbe wash. "Green corn" tourds curious fttsenson but here is what the l'alatka (Florida) Herald says: "Tbe steamer Ocklawaha arrived here on Monday, tbe 18th, inst., from Salt Lake. . She brought nine passengers. What was noteworthy fur the season, 6ho had for market ona thousand ears of green corn from Turkey creek.Indian river. Tbis steamer made the trip from Salt Lake to this place in twonty-four hours. , Sax Fbaxcisco, Jan. 2 Mrs. Laura Fair, the murderess, is dead. Sbo died iu her prison Dec. 30. The event has created considerable excitement in an extended circ'.e; rumors flying of every character, among thera a report that her death has been induced by barbarous treatment during her in carceration. The career of the woman is too well known to demand comment at this time. . '. GOOD. Hon John Sherman receiv ed the Ohio Republican Caucus nomination for U S Senator, and will be elected. . -Jo to tho old Millinery Store of Mrs 8 Alliff Da?is, on 'North Franklin-st, for Bonnets, &c, Fashionable ' and good Goods there, ladies.... The State Horticultural Society met at Indianapolis Jan 2, and the following officers were elected: President, J. C. IiitlifTe, of j Richmond. Vice-PreaidenU, J. S. Jessup, of LaportcjH. D. Scott, of Terro Uaute; JO Johnson, of New Albany; W. S Hubbard, of Indianapolis; Secretary ,W. HHagan, of Clayton; Treasurer,' Charles Lander, o' Plaiafleld: Executive Commutes, James C Shoemaker, D G Nelson, an 1 N A Ragon. r. Warder, of Cincinnatiaddressed theoA vounir lad v. on ber war to be married. waa ran over and killed. An elderly aingle lady aavagely remarked, "she has escaped a more lingering ana norrioie uesimj. A prettv, rich young widow was regard-Ino-herself lately at a mirror in her cham ber, H hilo for the first time trying on her widow's cap. "Behold," abe exclaimed the real cap of liberty." -A Han Francisco sirl recently nndertok the arsenie treatment for procuring a clear and beintifut compleafon. obe looked white enough in bar coffin. A gentleman wai praising tho beau tiful hair of a lady, when one of those precious little misses, who always have a word to say, remarked: I gaess my hair would look as well if I took as much care of it. Mamma never sleepi in her . hair. . . . .. , , , We dropped in on Harry C. Meredith, and found the Tribune flourishing like a green bay tree. The printing business ia good in Cambridge, and Harry and his partner, W. P. Harding, are mak ing 'ink slinging' pay there. Sue cess to them. Some veara eince a prominent business man of Northampton, who bejrau to Msow his wild oata" when a boy and haaea't got through yet, attended a colored bell in the town. After each .'break down' he noticed that a well near the house whieh was not very deep, was resorted to by the men to quench their thirst. . Unobserved, while the j dance was going on, he slipped out of the house end moved the curb a few feet beyond the well and then -waited ' for tbe result. Presently out eame one of the dancers, and plump to the bottom ef the well he went. Blowing and puffing -he came to the top and exclaimed: Gosh! who moved die well since out here last. - r Waktbd Everybody to try Reed's SenLight Fluid, 201 Main street, Richmond, Ind.
STATE NEWS
"Every sixtieth man in Fort Wayne keeps a saloon.: KvcnsviUc has a seven foot i'Atrican giant, ami lie is in j ul for iistnrbtrg tbe peace. v f Jefovipnvijlo .wits IVtd dit rn n plan tr:y-:i-iy 'FliOios.VsJ ITei hon in lSn8 - . t Thi'rr ar tl. ?. vung luilins nf iliC n"-'- Ivla J - -fcll.fU'g Ashury fJrt triiv.b''3 ycur Fr-i Uo'la innaafiy T.ii; tlnew hi 'ii from a wagon at S;'rhcrC'Cn"Thiirsdjy and broke both his arms. ; - The brewery 6f CrorkA. Keslt-r, at Delphi, luis hern seized -ard closed for riolation of tho revenue laws. . - Jack Hampton, a colored youth o Noblesville, carries a hall in his thih the result of foolin with a pistol. A poor little "kitten died of delirium tremens after riding six squares in the pocket of a New Albany toper. . iI V ' M acellus Tompson.a young man of Whitley county, blew out his braines in a fit A insanity, a few days ago. Tho Department of public Instruction stands second to no other in our State Government and demands a man to .fill the office and discharge its duties who is at once a ripe scholar, - both in acquirements and expeiicnco, and possessed of the requisite business qualifications, and ono who has and will devote his life to the cause of education.- Such a man can bo fount in tho person of Barnabas C Ilobbs, ex-Sapcrintendont of Public Instruction, and whom wo propose for the position on the ticket. Fortunately, Prof. Ilobbs is sj widely known that we are not required to discuss hia merits as .an educator, preeminently fitted (or the place. His name would add to the strength of the Republican party, and, if elected, would be a tower of support to our common schools. Ws do not know whether he wou'd accept the nomination if tendered him, but we do know that the Convention would da a wise thing to nominate him for the position; and our ticket for Superintendent of Public Instruction is Barnabas C Hobbs.of Parke county. Rockville Republican. Attachment Notice. Adam Condo, Jacob Spenceand Daniel Cond vs. Daniel Shafer. 0 Action pending before Robert Gordon, a Jnsice of the Peace of Jefferson township, . Wayne county, Iudiaca. Dnniel Shafer, defendant in the aborc entitled cause, will take notice that the plaiutifla, Adam Cor.do, Jacob Spence and Uaniel Condo, bare ccamenctd f.n action against him before me, and have duly caused a writ of attachment to be if sued in said cause, upon which said writ of attachuiant was levied certain ol the personal property,' goods and chatties of said defcndiut, and that the trial Of said cause and said a.tacunicnt, proceedings Will be held befora me at my offico in liagemtown, connty of Wayne, and Sta'.cof Indiana, at 10 o'clock, a m, on the 24th day of January, 1872, and that unless) said defendant shall arpcar and answe-r thereto, said cause will be heard, and determined in bis absence. . Witness my baud aud seal this 28th day of December, 1j71. ROBERT OOR1ON, 42 44 Ju9tice of the Peace. Executor s Notice. or ETTEBS TESTAMENTARY on the will KJ of Frederick Bowing, late of the city of liiohmnnd. Wavne county, and Sta'.e of Indi ana, deceased, have this day been granted to the undersigned, by the Cletk of the Court of Common Pleas.if said eounty. All persons having claims against said estate are required to file them, duly prove", iu the office of said ClerS within one year frojo this publication. The estate is supposed to be solvent. JOHN PETERSON, Executor. Dec. 26, 1871. n42U ROWXIXiXi'S COIjTJMW. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. Briggs & Brothers, CATALOGUE OF FLOWER , AND VEGETABLE 0 E E D, ;' AKD SUMMER FLOWERING BULBS, FOR 187JJ; Now ready. Consisting of over 13Q pages, on rose-tinted paper, with upwards or 400 onnrate cuts, and Six Benntiful Colored 11 a U; si vover, a Deaumui uesigu iu cuii - ' . r l j ; 1 ora. rne ricnesi vaiaiogue over puonsueu. Send 25 cents for copy, not one-half the valiia nr lha vnlored nlatea. In the nr. I order. amounting to not less than al, the price of Catalogue, 25o., w ill be refunded in seeds. Kew customers piacea on tno same loocng with Ola. free 10 oia cusiomern. vtusiuy of seeds, size of packets, prices and premiums offered, make it to the advantage of all to pur chase seeds of us. see uauioguo lor extra nrdinarv inducements. '' " ' ' 5 - Yon wilt miss it it yon ao not see onr tac alogue beforo ordering Secd3. Either of our two Chromos for 1372, size 19x24 one a flower plate of Bulbous Plants, coiiBistiog of L'.lies, ic the other ot Annual. Biennial and i'ertccial l'lactg. guaranteea the Most Elegant Floral Chromor ever issued in this country. A superb parlor ornament ; mailed, post-paid, en receipt of 75c; also free, on conditions specified in. Cat alogue. Address BRICCS & BROTHER. - rp?taWwftd 18i".l Rochester, ' '"in ii. I ' Ponltry, Game, Fnrs, &c. Information concerning prices and fnll insttuctions lor dressing roultry lor this mar ket cheerfully given by TATEM & DAVENPORT, Produce Commission Merchants, Nos. 1, 2, and 4 ueiaware Avenue TbTarket. PHILADELPHIA. Uavintr aninle facilities and ezDerienee. we leei ante to pieaae onr consignors. r. FREE TO BOOK AGENTS. We will send, a handsome Prospectus of bur New Illustrated Family Bible, containing over SOO fine Scripture Illustrations to any oook Agent, tree or coarge. Address National Publishing Co., Chicago, 111., Cincin nati, unio, or at. bonis, Mo. - 4Z-4tr - - WILL. f.1. CARLETOfJ, AUTHOR OF Betsey and I are Out,' - XDIT3 AND waiTSS FOB The Detroit Weakly Tribune. The Best Family Newspaper in tbe Country, $2 a year. Send for specimen copy and club circular. Address, THE TRIBUNE, Tsstrnff- Mink ' - ' .., - nl4.ii. ' $425 A MONTI1 X Horse furnished. II. U.' ailW,AI- I Expenses psid.
Profitable Business Will be eiven oue or two persons, of cither eex. in Richmond, and adjoining towns, by which they may realize from $300 to 1000 a "ytar.with tut little interference with ordinary orruiatnn. in ht'Sling 1IOU8E-f'-CfijEaa of real merit an I i::.iveiiil nau. If tm whole timo isdeHi'ted a town Urgei rum mar be realized. V'rcioar lief, givirc cimpl- te list of articles an l e.:i:.-.:s(.inn ,llovd. ' v.s' COR ft CO. 42 U I'oLokcn, N- J.
AH J.' V; r "Vjiiitpr. -Amenta make more mrnir M - wcik n.r u. than at any thirfg !.o." Ilnii:i'88 light and tiern-.aneut. l'ariirura t,. SfiysoN AO., jS'iibli.- iitTfi, Pou-'and, 11 line. - , V Fino Art 42 Jwr H)5l THE KIDNEYS AND MV- ; EH-1 Heimb Id' itacha and Djmidclion. Just what your phy&iiun presciibes. Sent prepaid, li $1 per bottle, by W 0 Ihmiiton i Co., Druggists, Cincinnati, ,hi(H-?.y.r-42t4r. 'XUUV. CVtttW OK MONEY E-riJ.li:i.-Send to V C Hamilton t Co., Wholesale Druggists. Cincinnati, Ohio, for ne bottle Kress Fever anil AgueTouic. Sent prepaid for I. . .- 42-4tr TO TKitSONS II A BD OF 1IEAR1NU AND DEAF. Imbued with a desire to benefit my fellow creatures, I wilt forward to all sufferers, free if cbarce. a nm. scriptioa whioh baa completely, curud myself ana many tuners, oi oeau:ess ot several years' -standing, after having employed in rain, a number of the most eminent physicians in this country and Europe. Address with stamp. Rcv'd II. TH1E.M ANNS, P. o JJox 2775, St. Louis, Missouri. ' 42t4r TniRT Y YEARS' EXPERIE NC E IS TUB TREATMENT OF Chronic and Sexual Diseases. ; , A PHYSIOLOGICAL VIEW OF , MARRIAGE. The cheapest book ever published containing nearlv three hundred pages, and one hundred and th.rty .fine plates and engrav ings of the anatomy or tbe human organs in a state of health and disease, with a treatise on early errots, its deplorable consequences upon the mind and body, with the author's plan ot treatment the only rational tad successful mode of cure, as shown by a report of cases treated. A truthful adviser to the mairied and those contemplating marri- . age, who entertain doubts of their physical condition. Sent free of postage to any adt'.rcss, on receipt or twenty-hve cents in stamos or postal currency, by addressing I)r LA C HO IX, No. 31 Maiden Lane, Albany, H.Y. The author may be consulted upon ny of the diseases up jn which his bonk treats either personally or by mail, and medicines sent to any part of the world. 42t4r A GREAT MEDICAL DISCOVERY. MILLIONS Bear Testimony to tlaeir r Wonderful Caralive EOects. UK. WALKER' CALIFORNIA J. V ALkKM, l'r4rUtor. R. II. McUomalu a Co.f Dructcitu su4 Sen. g'u, Saa FrncoKO, Cl., ml S3 uul U Ctoium St N, V, Vlncgur llittrra are not a vilo Fnnry Drink, ttaieef loor Rum, Whiskey, Troof Spirits nud Refuse IjIqnorH, doctored, f?!ccl aiiJ sweet ened to please the taste, calloJ-Tonics," Appetizer." "HcstorcrV&c, that lead tlhrtippler on to rnnkenneas and ruia, bat area tnia BTtj'.ticiiiis tnado ffomtho Native Roots nnd Herbs of California, frro from nil Alcoholic StimulnntsS' They aro Urn CJltEAT 1U.OOI) rriMFIERntid A LIFE ;1VINJ PRINCIPLE, a perfect 1'cnovr.tor and Iv.Tij.-irntcT of the t-'ystem. carrying cfT nil rc!?cr.o;a matter tnl rcstorinff ths Wood to a healthy conclitiaa. Ko persoa can tako those Eiltcrs accorlins to directions and remain Ions; unwell, provided their bones aro not destroyed by mineral poison or other means, and tho vital organs wasted lwyond the point cf repai; Tbey arc n. Gcutlo Fnraalive nn wet! as a Tonic, possessing, also, tho peculiar merit of acting as a powerful aieai in relievlns Congestion or Inllamma tion of tho I.iv?:-, and all the Viscrral Orsacs. FOR FEMAIiE COMPLAINTS, whether ia yonns or old, msrried or single, at the dawn of woman' Tiood or at the turn of life, thess Tonic Bitters bavo no equal. For Inflammatory or Chronic Rltcamntlsm and Goat, llynpennia or Iadlacation, H11 Ions, Rruiittciit and Intermittent Fevers, Viscnscs of the Blood, Iiivrr, Kldorysand Bladder, tliese Bitters havo been most successful. tuch Diseases aro caused by Vitiated Blood, Inch is generally produced by derangement of th Digestive Organs. DYSPEPSIA Oil IXDIGESTION, Head ache. Pain m the Shoulders, Uong-hs, Tightness of tlio Chest, Dizzlncm, Sour Eructations of tho Stomach, Bad Taste in the Mouth, Bilious Attacks, Palpitation of tho Heart, Inflammation of the Lunja, Pain in the refions Of the Kidneys, and a hundred other painful symptoms. ere the offsprings cf Dyspepsia. - Tbey Invigorate tbe Stomach and stimulate the torpid Liver and Bowels, which render thorn of unequalled ' ejBcacr in cleansing; the blood of all imparities, and hapartins new life and vfeor to the whole system. FOR SKIN DISEASES, Eruptions. Totter. Salt ttheurn, Blotches, Spots, Pimpled, Pustules, Boi's Carbuncles, Einff-Worms. Scald Head, Soro Kves, Erisipelas, Itch, Scurfs, - DiscoloratJ ins of lh Bkln, Uumurs and Diseases of tho Skin, of whatever nam or natnre, are literally dus; op aad carried out of the system iu a short time by tho use of these Bitters. Ono bottle in such eases will convince the most incredulous f their curative ?:ct. Cleanse the Vitiated Blood whenever von find its hn purities burstinirtbrouich theskin in limples,Kruptlons or Bores ; cleanse it when you And it obstructed and lurrfrith in the veins: cleanse it when it is foul, and your feelimra will tell you when. Keep tbo blood pure. ana tno neaiin ot mo system win louow. PIN. TAPE, and other WORMS, lurking- in tbe system of so many thonsands, aro effectually destroyed and removed. For full directions, read carofullr tbe circular aronnd each bottle, printed in four languages jsngliso, uerman, rrenca ana SpatnuU. J.WALXSnt, Proprietor. It H. McDONALD & COL, Druggists and Gen. Agents, Ban Francisco, Cal., and 9 12 and St Commerce Street, New Vork. r SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS AND DEALER?. Whitney's Neats Foot ' Harness Soap. STEAM REFINED. Oils, Blacks, Polishes and boaps at tbe same time. Put , up in larpe and email size boxes, alao in 3 lb. bars. Has been in r- use for years and pives perfect satisfaction. Bend stamp for onr WAVKBLY. Address U. t. WllllStV & CU. Muk St. Boston, Mass. Cre3Gd -HALF A CENTURY OLD! ENTIRELY NEUTRAL IN POLITICS. IHE sizo of Tub Post has recentlv been enlarecd fully ONE-THIRD, containing 43 lone columns, and it is now both the Lar gest and the Cheapest of the Family Papers i It will contain Novelet.', Illustrated Stories, " Sketches, Poetry, Answers to Correspondents, etc., etc, etc.,. by the Ablest Writers that can be procured including Mrs. Henry Wood, author of East Lynne." Mrs. Marearet Hosnier, Amanda M. Douglas, Burr Tbornbury, ana w newer, August ueu.iiio Btan'ey, Captain Carnes, Lillij Derereux Blake. '"Zisr." Mrs. Fanny R. Feudge, Mrs. U. L. 8. Burke, a-nen t.. Kexrora, etc etc., etc. 3T It will be entirely Neutral in politics. New Nov elets constantly published. ' , New Novelets and Stories, long and short, are being1 continually published. Subscrip- : tion, therefore, can bepin at almost any time. News of the week. As onr enlarged ' paper will afford as the room, we shall devote . about column in every number to a samma- ) Tf of the mnst important and interesting news : oi ine wceit. -.-;., i. . .... , . Terms. fc2.50 a year ; Four copies, $5 ; Eight copies, (and one gratis), 12. One copy oi rne fost 'S2.su; and one ol 1 he La dy's Friend r21 for $4. Address H. PETERSON A CO.: ' r, .u , jig Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Specimen copies sent free. , n40"
ay THE CAUSE AND COBB OF CONSUMPTION. The primary cmm of CoMamp. tion la derangement of the digestive organs. This derangement produces deficient nutrition aad assimilation. By assimilation, I mean thaj process by which the nutriment of tho rood is converted Into blood, and thence into the solkisoX the body. Persons with digestion thai impaired, having tbe slightest predlf position to pulmonary disease, or If they tako cold, will be very-liable to bavo Consumption of tho Lungs In eomo of its forma ; and I bold that it will be impossible to core any case of, Consumption wlthoat first rretoring a good digeatioalkd healthy astfaiiHtiodyThe very first thing to be dono Is to cleanse Tiia r tomach and bowels from all dircascd muens c:I slime which
are clogiKg rheso OTgnns-BO that they cannot perform tacir functions, aad then rouse up aad re store the liver to a heal'.hy action. For this purpose, t!ie rarest and bent tomes! y ia Schenck'a llandrake rills. These ivdi rican tue atonacn and bonds of all tlo deal am morbid sUme that is causing disease and decay In. the wliolo system. They will clear out thejiver of disased blie that lias accumulated tncre, ami noj it up te a new and healthy action, by Wc!i rstsral r. healthy bile is secreted, i ; ? s J f The stomach, bowels, and ureraro tu:is ciea:ic l by the use of Schenck's Mandrake.l'Uls ; but t her j remains In tbe stomach an excess of acid, the or gan is torpid and tbe appetite poor. In the bowels, the lacteals are weak, and requiring strength cud support. It Is iu n condition like this that Schenck's Seaweed Tonic proves to l;o tno nort valuable remedy ever discovered. It Is alkaline, 1 and its use will neutralize alt excess of acid, making the stomach sweet and fresh; it will giro permanent tone to this Important organ, and create a good, hearty appetite, and prepare the system for the first process of a good digestion, and ultimately make good, healthy, living blood. After this preparatory treatment, what remains to care most cases of Consumption is tho free and persevering use of Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup, alio Pulmonic Syrup nourishes the system, purifies tho blood, and is readily absorbed into the circulation, and thenco distributed to the diseased liings". There it ripens all morbid matters, whether in tho form of abscesses or tubercles, and then assists Nature to expel all the diseased matter In tho form or frco expcctoratkn,when once It ripens. It ia then, by the great healing and purifying properties of Schenck's PuTmonlc Syrr.?, that all ulccra and cavities aro healed up sound, and my patient Is cured. Tho essential thing to bo done in curing Consumption is to get up a good appetite and a good digestion, so that the body will grow in flesh and get strong. If a person has diseased lung, a cavity or abscess there, tho cavity enmsot Intl. the matter cannot ripen, so long as the pyi'tcm is below par. What fa necessary to cure is a iictv order of things, a good appetite, a good nutrition, the body to grow in flesh and get fat: then Nature is helped, the cavities will heal, the matter will ripen and be thrown off in large quantities, and the person regain health and strength. Thia ia the true and only plan to cure Consumption. and if a person is very iau, it tno nings are not entirely destroyed, or even if one lung is entirely gone, if thera is cnonch vitality left in tho other to Ileal up. lucre is nou. I havo seen many persons enred, with only :r.e sound lung, live aud enjoy life lo a good old tC. Tins is what bchenck t Meuicincs win ao to cure Consumption. They will clean out tho stomach. sweeten ana sirengtnen n, rci up a loot uikcition, and give Nature the assistance ho rccdv t. clear tho system of a'J the disease that i in tl.c lungs, whatever tho form may bo. It ia important that, while rising FcliemkV Medicines, care should be exercised not to tako cold ; Keep ln-aoora in cooi aim uamp wcatuer , avoid njgkt-air, and take ont-door exercise chI in a genial and warm sunshine. I wisn it aisiincuv unuersiooa wncn J re commend a patient to be careful in regard to tak ing cold while nstng my mcoicmes, i no so lora racial reason. A man who has but partially re covered from the effects of a laid cold is far mere liable to a relaose than one who nas neon entirely cured, and it is precisely tho kudo in regard to Consumption. So long as the iuns aro not per fectly heaicu. inst so long is men: imminent oarger of a full return of tiic is?nt-e. Hence i: le Siat I so strenuously caution r.lr.-.caarr rcrier.U against exposing themselvee to en a;milir that is not geuial and pleasant. Cor.Cmicd C.r.sumatives' lunsrs are a mass cr n-re. wrncn me least chn:iza of a niosphcro will influme. The arand secret of niv eucccfs Willi my medicines consists in my ability to euIm.uo i::Cummati.n in stead OI provocin ii, ns inany oi inc mcimy uo. An inflamed lunir rannr-t with safety to tbe natient be exposed to tho biting blasts of winter or the entiling w HKI3 oi spring cr cuinmn. it shonld be carefully f hickletl from all irrilatuur in" fluenccs. 1 ha ntmo t cauiimi tnemu ue ooscrveti In this particular, ns v.'.thout itaccra under tl most anv ciieilinstiinccs is an iun5f .ibiiity. The person shottld ho kept n a wholesome and Tintritions diet, and all tho mtdicines coiitiniiud until the body has restored to it tbo natural quantity of flesh and strength. t was myseu curcu vj tuia ircr.inieui c?i worst kind of Consumption, end imve Jived to get fat and hearty mcto many jears, witn one lung mostly gone. I havo enred thousands since. and very many navo uccn cureu oy ims ueauueut whom I havo never seen. Abont the 1st of October, I expect to take possession of my new building at the northeast corner of Sixth and Arcii btrcclH. where I shall bo pleased to give advice to ail who niay require it. Pull directions Rcconipnuy a'.l my remedies, so that a person in any part oi mo norm can oc tvsaiiycurea oy a strict osci vnn c ! ine same. rhiladclnhta. R. MACREADY & CO., N. E. Cor. Columbia & Walnut-Sts CINCINNATI, OHIO, Wholcio A cent al-. Boot & Shoe MANUFACTURERS The Best French Calf end ; Kip "-Boots neatly made in the latest style on short notice, and at reasonable finrea. None but the best ma teiial used. No: 836 Main street, near Sixth, Richmond, Ind. nSOly HE under signed has jnst reccivedhis new it inter Styles of "FT A T-R of all Kinds, V. V towhich be invitcs the atten'ioo of all who woul J indulge in (ho latest fashions, Call at tbo Mat and ('an aW re o JOHN SlrFRlNS. Richmond, Mar. IS, 1871, I.y CD ABLE J A. DASA, Editor. A Xcvrnnuperof tkePresent TIsim. Intended for People New ea Farth. teeludlne Fanners. Mechuics, Merchants, Professional Men,Woikers,xatn;en, anj all Manner of Hoaen Polks, and tho Wlvci Sona. and paaglner. of all such. ONl.r OJfK DOLLAn A VzAit X . ONE HUNDRED COPIES FOB 939, Or less tliaa One Cent a Copy. Let thera ba a 850 CJu'j at every Post OHJos . SEMI-WEBKLtTsto, 9 3 A TEAU.: of tho aue siza an 1 general cUaraetar as THE WEEK.LT, but with a greater variety of miscellaneous reaJinz, aid f jrohMc? the news to Its saosciibais with ri c iter frc-::nsss. becatua It coni3S twice a wc;"x lartcal of oca oalr. THE DAILY Si:X, SC A YEAR. A prcSmlaentlv read ihlo newtnaper, with the lirost c-roti'atlon m tho world. Kr.i- io. Kreft. laitc youuer.i, an.i leans-, la politics A'l 1ia - ini ora evcrvwhero. "Ttir. rnnn . r n" . v. $e cents a mouth, or go a year. " . - . TERMS TO CLUES. THE DOLLAR, WEEKt.1T BtJK. Fivo copies, one year, separately adaressed. Koar Dellare. Ten copies, one Tenr.sesaratelr addressed (aad ma extra copy to ine getter op or club). ' ElKkt DnllsiH. Twenty copies, one year, eeparatelv addressed 1du ma extra eopj to the fetter up of Club). Witt ecu Dallas. Fifty .copies, one sear, to one addrsas land tka eemi-necKiy one year to getter op of club). . Thirtr-three Dallasw. Fifty coplea, one year, separateiv addressed rand aae Demr w eaaiy one year te setter up ef dab). 0??- J1??? ,eo,Ble' on yr, to one address 1 uu m. .j .mi van jcar to ine aetwr na of One humted eooles, one year, separate! y ad,r -iir """"""J' iorooe rear to tbesjatter up or club). . .. . Sixty Deilarw. . THE SEMr-WEERLY SUN.' - Flvo copies, one year, separately addrer teit. , 1 , fcUrht Dollar. Ten eor-fes, one veer, separately addressed (and eii eiua copy to getter up of club - ", Sixteen Del I are. SEND YOUR MONET ".2' P??e Oilers, cheeks, of drafts mi R .V'r.r1" convenient. If not. turn wiu tae letters contatolng moaey. Addren X .:W.JW6tAW0v PnWIsher. - ' Ban offlee. Bw Yori Cltn lllrJ T ,hinS" B rtb free to all Address Mcoas A Co, 3d St. Lot!.
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NEW ADVEUTISB.MENTS. WAJC" F,??E to Areola o inlreduc, wticles that sell in evcryOHae.LeTTa 4 Co. WtteberA, V 40-fwd
S'OCLOCK. 0 4td Aseiitfl, we will pay you 40 per week in cash. ,. j .. - ..,-,,0 .m us at one. Krerytbivg inrnished and expenses paW. Address r. vu., Vfariotte, Mich. 40 4wd FREE TO BOOK AGEWTS. We ir.ll wnd a iiamlsnnio Prospectus Of onr Aew lliiislrated Familr Bible, containing re? 200 fine Scripture lltastrations to any Look At ent, Iree of chare. Address, Watiosil I'lBLisniJKJ Co., Chicago, III. Cincin nati, O., or 8. Lonia, Mo. 40-twi g i)i a WJtKKt Best Cheap Bhtp B 9 tie Machine - ia tU worid. A lents Wanted. J. S. 11 AYE8, Great Falls. -:-. - - . 40-4w4 S10 from 503? lor Ten DoDara, B. L. WoixxTT,H.r. ni8 IS NO HrjMBUO! Q - Bv Bendinrr 9909 - dnntm with aj;e, height, color of eyes end hair, yoo will receive by return mail, a correct picture of your future husband or wife, with name and date of marriaire. Address W. FOX. I. O. Drawer, No. 24 Fnltoo ville, N. i. 4Mtd Profitable Employment. e desire to engage a few more Arenta in cell tho World .Renowned Isoproved BUCK EVE SEWLVQ MACQISE.al a liberal aal. ary or On Commission. A Horse and Waaron given t Agents. Fall particulars furnished on application. Address W. A. HENDERSON fc CO., General Agents, Cleveland, Ohio, A St. Louis, Mo. - . 40-4rd Agents waktbd fob oca Gbbat Wou, mm s wmm By a sister of a hiRh priest. ; Crushing evi dence against Biigham Young and Ihe Elders, Plots, Assassinations, and Victim, Illustrated. A Mress W. E. Bliss, Toledo. Ohio, Kettleton A Co. Cin. O. cr Belknap A Wise, liaitford, Conn. - 40-4 wd AGENTS WASTED FOR ftOiMHSn AS , II IS. An entirely , new au henlic, ahaustire and standard work, eminently adapted ' to the times. It fully uncovers the whole Romish system and exposes its ikaidioue workings to secure full control. Extra Terms for the West. CONN.. PUBLISHING CO. UARTFOKD.CCNN. 40-4wd f 18 A PURB BLACK TEA with the Orwea Tea Flavor. Warranted to suit all tastes For tale everjtekere, tn oar "trade-mark" sound and half povnd package only. And for sale wholesale only by tbo Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co., 8 Church St., New York, P. O. llox 5500. Send for Tea-Nectar Circular. 4Mwd AGENTS WANTED. THE6REATCH1CAG0FIRE Tho Croaning Horror of the 19th Century. 100,000 persons reduced to beggary. Fearful Scenes. Heertrend-1 , ing Incidents. 6 ,0 to 1000 copies of this Book selling per dsy. Sample Copy, post paid, 60c. Address J.W. UOODSPEED, Chicago, Cincinnati or t. Louis. . 5. ; 40-4wd) 40 4wd
&3
tsa. Marc SkskaT"
T s Urn tsllsals SMsdsIftMijS VQ T r TreraM mt asiMlas FaHast aLC; Ucauua. wU fey !. taU ami Ifmtm la PWCli
WELLS' 0 AEB0LI0 TABLETS"'. For Congh3t Colds aad Itoarsncse. These Tablets present the acid in oombiGa tion with other efficient remedies, ia a popular form for the cure of all THROAT and LUNG Diseases. H0AR8NESS and ULCERATION of the THROAT ere Immediately relieved, and statements are constantly, being sent to the proprietor of relief in case of Throat difficulties of years standing. ' c ACTIONS was; imitations. Oct only Wells' Carbolic Tablets. Price 25 Cf3. per Box. JOHN Q. KELLOGO 18 Piatt St., N. Y.. Sole Agent for the U. 8. Send for Circular: 40-4wd
AGENTS WANTED FOB Wonders
OF THE WORLD." The most lavishly illnsiratoJ and cheapest book of modern times, and just adapted for h.4iday giit3. Agents for this work will secure choice of territory for the grandest religious volume of the century, now nearly , ready, entitled ' Jfsr8," by Rev. Dr. Deems. , For circulars address U. S. PUBLISHING CO., 150 Union SSt. Chicago, IU. '.0 Market St. St Louis, Mo. 177 W. 4th St Cincinnati, ' - 40-4wd REDUUTION OF PRICES TO COMFCCU TO REDUCTION OF DUTIES Groat Saving to Consumers,. s BY GETTING UP CLUBS. " " ZZT- Send for our New Price List and a club form will accompany it, containing full directions making a large saving to consu- , mars and remunerative to club' organizers. The Great American Tea Co.,. 3 1 & 33 VESEY STREET, . P. OBo 5813. New York. 40-4w J.URUBEBA. II ii NOT A PHYSIO It is NOT what ia popularly called a BITTERS, nor is it intended as sreb. JT 13 A SOUTH AMERICAN plant that has been used ft r many yean by the medical faculty of those countries with wonderful efficacy as a POWERFUL ALW ; TERATiVE and uneqnaled purifier of the BLOOD and a sure and perfect Remedy foe all Diseases of the ' , ; . Liver and Spleen, Enlargement or Obstruct tion cf Intestines, Urinary, Uterine, or Abdominal Organs, Poverty, or a Want of Blood, Intermittent or Remittent Fevers, In Qamation of tbe Liver,I)ropsy, Sluggish circulation ottheBlood,Ab-v . . cesses, Tu- . mors. Jaundice, - - Bcrofula, Dyspepsia, , . Ague A Fever, or their ConeomiUaU. Df. W Esli id cf jEith is offered to the public as a great invigorate r end remedy ior all impurities of the blood, or ; for organie weakness with their atteadaal . evils. For the foregoing complaints JURUBED A, is confidently recommended to every family aa a household remedy, and should be freely . taken in all derangements of the system; n ? ;ives Lealth, vigor and tone to all the vital oroes, animates and fortifies all weak an 1 lymphatic temperaments. , JOHN Q. KELLOGO.18 Piatt StVKe York. Sole agent for tbe United States. PriceOne Dollar per bottle. - ; 40-4n d - send for Cirenlar. : CmT 1 1 P ! n Tlio unfortunate's friend rVUUU.Dr.jisck, Indianapolia. ' 37 wr
fred; XTe
Mi
