Richmond Palladium (Weekly), Volume 35, Number 5, 31 March 1865 — Page 2

Friday, March 31, 1065,

f two ant the rfil banner, let u.-I siW Wd, ' Enshrine view glrcy as each ia nnfuried; Let It .peak to' cr Warts still aa swett a of M, TUa ksraid of Freedom ail ar tli world. , Let it fltiit on to triumph, lt ilwirt T head, - Tha ftob'e !d ensign, its stripes and its stars: It ua our freedom, o'er shadows our dead. Crave might to our heroes, made sacred their scars, Let it ware in the snuhem; unfurled in the (tons, Our guardian at Baoruing, our beacon at eight. When peaoe shii.es in splendor athwart her bright form Vr irar's Moody band holds the standard of might. L'nfurl the ill banker, ita traitors crush down. Let ll still b the banner that covers the bra re, The sftr pinglt.-d banner, with gUT.v we own, "Ti tuo noble a banner for tvrant and slave. JCtfAu unusual amount of Job Work, which we had promised.' made a 'flank movement' on lis and delayed the rmblication of tli i'ulladiuin until to day. We regret the 'delay;, but pocket the proceeds of the cause of it, with satisfaction. ; Lecturo. W invite the attention of our readers, to the lecture to be delivered at Henry Hall, oo Monday evening next, by L. S. NlWIU., El., on the subject of 'tin: ( 'renins of J, Feuiiwre Courier," . Mr. Newkll, is gentle man of high literary attslnnnnt, and having made the works (t the (Treat American Novelist his special study, hd is peculiarly qualified to treat the subject in an able and interesting manner. This lwiog, we hrltave, the hrL and only lecture on litorary subjects, delivered in mir city during the season, we bepo oar eitixms trill avail thmsdves of the opportunity, lo show thai tlioir interest U not entirely engrossed by Scgro Minstrels, and other similar soiusenwn(t'tit that they still retain an appreciation for entartauimctits of mare intellectual and improving eharastn-. Charges Against The Commissioner of - Patents. Ws anmetims aineo received a foor-psge pamphlet beaded "Frd and corruption ia the. Patent Office," ad Ireasrd f tlia House of Representatives by one Andrew Whitcly, in which he makes twenty-five distinct charges against the Commissioner ol Patents and tbe Chief Clerk. A committee of the House, of which Mr. Higby, of California, was chairman, was appointed to investigate these chargos. The Committee unanimously report that none of them were sustained. We thought at the time we received he bill of charges, that the petitioner had too heavily loaded his piece. The Commissioner has escaped without harm, while Whitoty is slightly injured by the recoil of bis owu gun. Arrimtijic Amtriia. - Gen. Grose. fryWe learn from the New Castle Courier, that Cicn. Grose returned to his home laat week t attend to his personal affairs, which had bocome somewhat disarranged from his long abonca in the country's service. Previous to leaving his command, for this purpose, he tendered hU resignation, which was refused. The following endorsement of Oen. Thomas, explains iUelf: IIbad Q'rs Dsp't or thb CcMBr.Ri.AyD.) Nashville, Feb. 27, 1865. ) Eudorscment on tender of resignation of Itrig. Gen. Win. Grose commanding 1st Div. 4th Corps. Respectfully forward! to tho Adjutant General U. S. A. with the request that 0 days leave be given (Jen. Grose. TJiit i urged on account of eminent qualifications, uniform gallantry and nt tontion to duty, of this Oillcer. Th acceptance of his resignation would be a real loss to tho service, f Signed) Geo. IT. Thomas, Mnj-Gcn. U. S. A. Commanding. StCKETAitr Ushkr. The Wahington correspondent to the Cincinnati Gazette says: Scc'y Usher's friends claim that the injustico of the attacks upon him in cort aim newspapers, will bo seen . when it is etatfd that between this time and the date at which the President has directed that uiaresijuation shall take effect, there arc no contracts to be made, no jobs to be let out. It is proper to add that Secretary Usher did not resign his office to take effect on the 15 of May, as has been generally understood, but tendered it absolutely and unconditionally;the Treaident,' however, knowing that the Secretary expected early in the summer to accept an important position on the Pacific Railroad, of his own motion fixed the time at which the resignation should take eirect, it being as near as possible to tho time when Mr. Usher's duties in tho railroad aervice would require him to leave Washington. Tub rrsKstuKST's Oath. The Clerk ef the United States Supreme Court, Mr. Middleton, undesignedly opened the Bibl, upou which Mr. Lincoln took the oath on the 4th inst., at the 5th chapter of 'Isaiah.' We commend the reading of the entire chapter to our readers, but quote two verses, which are quite significant in view of the scenes which had jnt taken place in the Senate ' Chamber. "Woe unto them that rise up early in the inorniug. that they may follow strong tUiuk: that continue until night, till wine LpflaaM! themf . . " "Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine,,, and men of strength to mingle strong drink." 1 t . afS?Sunhnie, Storm, Chilly, Cold, greeting Wheezing, mastering and tic wi, has this month of March been that i expiring I'bj, limitation. Soon April's brightest day will dawn, and then her showers will bring forth the flowers-Tlryba-n Tourg is aad tibe the father of ovtr OcbiUirvn. 1W

f JfiCHaiasr., Marafc 27, ' ' : -

Eottom PaLLaJH": fv-ientifie physician hat long known that fee small-pox could ba entirely prs rented by th agency of vaocinatioa, and it has been as anxious inqairy how vaccination could be made uatrera!.f .S;f ' -ia. The American. Medic 1 Association- is national congress of regular physicians, composed of delegates firm the several Medical eolleges, societies, Ac, in tira Union, and holls a session annually in some one of the larger cities. j la la8J the Association appointel a committee to raJ quire into the expediency of general compulsory racI cioatirn. The committee rei ! Transactiwn Am. Med. At. .Vol. .U P- Ca general compulsory racciaMioa ia the Inited States aa, at that time, impracticabfe", becau.'e the people j were not thoroughly indoctrinated in the ealne, the j necessity, and tbe satety of rcciimatioa, and antil I titef were, sn1 tiieaiMlToa orijp'aatod, or ftiHy indorsed, I the measure of compulsion it could not be enforced. The Association coincided with tiii riew, aol appoiuted a committee to enlighten the pnblic mini in ' this behalf. This conimitlee has prepare 1 and pub lished a pamphlet, a crpy of which I send ym. - Tha onmmUtee has aaaigsed to' m ha Uk of placing , the fact eoaUiacd ia Has pap before the people of Cm western atatea. , For prot-si-ional reading I bare requested the several uu? lical journals issued.id these states to ptibliah the piper entire; but for popular ediflVation I d-wmed it best to prepare aa article, eoatsining in a condensed f-ten the leading facts of the pamphlet, and endeavor to procure ira ptibiivatiou io aH. .'ie newspapers, as nutt. r pertaining to tlie public welfare. inclose roa a copy of this article and solicit yon, respectfully, to give it an insertion in your paper, anl reqnest tbe other newspaper! of yoor state to copy it. i'erbaps calling attention to the article editorially, if eonsitUBt wili yiarviews, migbt prosper tbe purpose I aim at. .. t , Tlie ume sole object of thi affiir is a generil, public Sanitary goi, and is of great magnitude. Hoping this fsrt w ill C(,mmcndit to your favorable consideration, ' I subscribe myself, resnectfutly, JAS. F. HIl)IiRl. AN APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE. For Self-Protection Against Small-Pox. Perhaps there is no malady in the whole catalogue, of human ill that is associate 1 with so much terror ant loat'iiniT as sm ill -pox. And tiis gret fear is not withont just foundation, for the disease is eminently contagious, ia many epidemic one fourth, of those who am attacked with una iitied smtll-pgx dia, wd of those who aurvivo some loose an eye or other organ of sense, ot!i?ri are left with an B fee bled b o.ly ttntsink nuler the Influence of gorofnla or other constitution d ailment, and aM are mire or less scarred and disfigured for kfa. Against this terrible scourge (lis civilized world hare had a certain, innocent, and easily aessiUla safeguard for more than sixty years. This safe-guard will not only prevent the disfiguring, the ill-bcilth, the loss of sight a id hearing, an 1 the deaths, caused by small-pox, but it will prevent t'19 ami ll-pox itself under all known circumstances. This safe guard is vaccina tiou and re-vaccination; and is so complete a protection that scientific physiclaus are confident that if it were practical in a proper manner and to a sufficient extent, the smt'l-pox would actually cease to exist, be known only as a historical disoase. How is it, then, with these facts patent to all inquirers that t'lere is. so much small-pox spreal abroad over the land ? not a city, not a town, aud scarcely a village or a neighborhood but has more or less of the disease among its inhabitants. There is but one answer to this question, viz : the people, the great masses, do not fully understand anil appreciate tho facts enumerated aboo, and until they do, no measure can beuVvised that will coerce them to attend to thu affair of vaccination and re-vaccinatiou. The American Medical Association, at its annual meeting held in the city of New-York, Jun 1SSI, had this subject tinder deliberate consideration, and, being fully persuaded that if the people were thoroughly advised of the facts in relation to the efficacy of vaecina'ion they would soon devise aqd enforce ordinances t protect every community against sm ill-pnx, ap pointed a committee of 6iro "to enlighten the public min 1, by all available raxtns, upon the value and necessity of universal vaccination." This committee consists of Drs. A. X. IIjII, Brooklyn, . V., J.J'. lAiines, and II. D. Buckley, New York city, A. SeLinger, Philadelphia, and Jas. F. Ilibberd, Kichmond Ind., and as a first step in the discharge of it duties, has publish? 1 a pamphlet entitled "Protection from Small-pox, by m.-aos of Vaccination and Kevarcination." This pamphlet, by reference to statistics snd authorities establishes the following facts : Vaccination was dicorere I by Dr. Edward Jenner, of England, and published to the world in 1794, and since that time has been practice' 1, to a greater or less extent, in all civilized nations. No country, however, has yet ma te vaccination aud re-vaccination complete among all classes of its inhabitant for any considerable period, and, therefore, all the good that has been accomplished has arisen from partial and incomplete application of the preventive ; but even with this, the comparative exemption of all civilized communities, for the last forty rears, from the most terrible scourge to which mankind was ever liable, is an evideuee of the protection afforded by vaccination so overwhelming as to characterize the discovery of Jenner as the greatest boon ever conferred upon the temporal welfare of man During the rreat epidemics of small-pox which prevailed in Europe during the early purl of the present century all observers bad abuniant opportunities for ascertaining the true value of vaccination. The vaccinsted and those who had previously had smallpox were both foiiud to be more or less subject to the disease. Early in the progress of these epidemics, however, an important fact became evident, namely, fiat there was a great difference ia the mortality of small-pox when it attacked tlwse three classes: 1. Those who had been vaccinated ; 2. Those who had had the small-pox, and 3. Those who bad neither been vacciuated nor had the small-pox. Of the first class, thoie who bad been vaccinated, put of every 330 attacked, only one died. Of the second class, those who had previously had small-pox, one out of evcrv fitly died. While of the third class, those who bad neither hoen raccinated nor had tbe small-pox, one out of every four dieJ. Thus proving the great superiority of vaccination over small-pox itself, in protecting the aysteni from the fatality of a second attack. In Eulaud alone, for nearly a century before tha introduction of vaccination, no tower than 30,040 persons were annually cut off by small-pox ; which, in the same ratio, according to th; present population, wonld be equivalent to 100,000 deaths annually. Ont of every 1,000 deaths, from 1740 t 100, there were by small-pox 93 ; from 1S)0 to liiO, there were, for the same number, bnt 35. Ia Germany, for the sama periods pf time, there were, out of every 1,000 deaths for the former period, by small-pox M.i; t r tha latter per 7.25. In Sweden, for the last twenty -eight years before the introduction of Vaccination, ont of each million of the populaijoa there were 5,0 deaths annually by small-pox S for forty years snbjeoeot to the introduction of vaccination, the number of deaths annually by small-pox, per miUionof inhabitants, was 15$. In Westphalia, from 1776 to I7S0. tha annual smallpox death-rate, per million inhabitants, was 1,64.1. From ISIS to I&0, it was 114. Ia Copenhaavn. 1741 to 1S00 tha annual rate per million of inhabitants was 3,1; from 1-soo to 1M, jt was In Berlin, for, the same periods, the rates relatively were 3,4(2, and 175. Pr. Ware has shown thst ra Boston in 17 II me retitan half the population had small-pox, and of those a tucked, about oae ia seven died. Subsequent yaars. opto 1500, were almost as bad; bot from lili to 1530, when raoc'mation was, ia a manner compulsory, there were only f'tiitaen deaths frwm small-pox, notwithstanding tbe large increase of population. The tendon Kpademicloertca! Society bas dVoMCJstratd that in various countries the death-rate by rmall pot for fifty years fcefcra vaccination was practiced

"ft wu more than henhf iimn as great as in tbe fifty

rears allowing th introduction of vaccination ; and according to tbe well kept aaortility statistics of Swedan, the Maf s mail-pox "ea -rite in that coo a try, during the period of 18 11 averaged less' lhaa the erlfj death-rate from small-pr x and measles during f5e" perk& of IT3S TS. A leading diiHculty in the way of complete vaccination arises from the rery prevalent id -a among the people "thai the protecfioa any on has against smallpox immediately after vaccination, continues" tiie same k-.t.r.'r. lifU This is an errvtr tiir it t rtn,t ik. i - r t , --- .wv... 1 " " - ynr-J

neral compulsory e-ecinuJ successfully again after a ferear. and ported Ma W TeTe a,tvances, more and uoreVf them'"become a'u

teptaMs ef re-Taccination. .Srveralgorernm.nUm Enr..pe have re-raccinatd their entire srrn4 frvm tira t time, indewd the only in-tanoea of thorwuirh ra-vecintim that -; u, . .M i to be found in thearmiM of these Europe governments, and the result has taeea to completely banish the small-pox from among tho armies of such nations i at hare adopted the practice. j Partial re-vaccination is quite common, and from ; statistics fttrowbed by the military- estabiislitneBta of . Wurtcmberg, England, Prasaia Ac, embracing asiriy 280,03s casos, w educe tha fact -tttat o every I'M 4 persons, of adult ap, who have good in irk of vacciaatiuo, about 40 are wholly pro tec te ted, whiU 59, j wouIJ b liable to varioloid or small-pox. j Another erroneous ida -entertained by many U that ; persons who have once had the small-pox are n it , liable to a sjooad attack. Now Dr. Thompson, in his ' own practice met with !i cases of second attack of un- ' modiS--l smtll-pox, anl Prof. ir.-Lni, met with 57 cases. Anlbesido this, the statistics above referred ! to show t.'iat of ererv 100 riersons who have had small- ' pox the numlier protect I from a seconl attack at , adult age is 5J, while 57 are liable to it again ia some form. ' . " " ' ! It is thus seen that those who hare good marks of : vaccimuon are about as safe from small pox as those who have bad small-pox itself : but it must not be for- ' gotten that both classes can be absolutely protrted by re-vaccination repeated at inU-rvala Wry ins; accordisg to the ago f tiie person. ' . ! Oar present knowlodjje is not sufl'icient to authorize ! the establishing of an absolute rule in nbitiim to tae tim j at which vaccination should be had recourse to; 1 in lee i we kaoir that no jeuer-al rule will m "et tTie re- I quiremmta of every case, fira siiuIo vac in iti.m will j protect some persons for life, while in others it will; last but for a f.nr rears ; nay tuore, a perdsra may have ; an ainoiiot of protv-ctiou from vaccination that u cu! 1 j laold him haruiless in ta; presence of a mild can- of , sra-tll-pox an 1 yet be inssMicicnt t guarl him again." t the conceutratxl contagion of a malign uit tpi leniic ; of the dis'idsj. CoJer ordinary circumstances it j would pmbably be sufficient for cliildrvu t., be vaccinatei a iirst titna witn tue r.rtlialt vear of tiieir ex istencc, a second tirn; when betnueu ei.jLt and ten ' years oi l, a third tiniJ between twenty and twenty-1 five, and a fourth time when about forty. Whan ex- ! posd, hnwsver, to the infection or a pestilential epi- j ileraic of smilt-pox, children siiould be raccinated ; within a Tcvr days of thuir birth, and r vaccination j performed every five years up to the of twenty- j five; after that the interval mty b lonrr, th mgh it ' should not bj neglected even in old agf. Itmiybe lai-1 down as a general proposition that whenever a person can bd mxde to tat - vaccinia, he ! mipht take small-pox if cipissd to tho contagion : ' and tha converses, that when a person cannot be n:i le to take vaccinia ho will njt contract tlie smiH-poi even if inoculated with its virus. ! Perfect vaccination, therefore, alTr Is corapleta pro- i tection from small-pox ; but thjonly reliable test for I perfect vaccination is when fresh vaccine lymph is J properly inserted and fails to produce any elTect. I Aru n the earliest objections to vaccination, urjjed j even during the time of Jenner, was tho alleged dan- j perof communicating other diseases with the vaccinia, j And from that day to this, cases of cutaneous disease, I syphilis, scrofula, Ac, have been occasionally attributed j to tliisca-ise. Hut the recorled obserrtiona of Heini, ! Ricord, H ins piet, Taupin, Ltndnury, Frie linger and ! many others who hare investigated th3 subject, have j established the peneral law that iher u no tlmjcr of entHMmiieiitinj othar dittewt icith vtrcinut, and this ni.iv berefrarlud as an aceeptc 1 truth by the mnst distiniruished men of the medical profession. This must j not b construed to warrant the taking of fbiid from a j sore on one person and inserting it into the skia of snothcr p-rson, withont a competent j'.i.lg" lias pronouiieed the sore to be a genuine and uncomplicated vaccine pustule. To produce perfect vaccinia we must : n2 tic virus produced by perfect vaccinia, untn idified by the presence of any other discernabde disease. ! Thus accomplished there is nrt only no danger of i communicating other diseases by the process, but there ! is abuulaut testimony to demonstrate that it is largely ! instrument t! in preventing tiie development of scrfifu- , la and other disocdrs that it is charged with trans-' planting, anl which are very fatal when smill-pox is ! perraittei to have unimpeded sway. Prs. (ireeuhow j and Farr, furnish statistics that establish the fact that the general death-rate froin all diseases is tncuty-five ! per cent, less since the introduction of vaccination than it was before. j If this improvement has followed the partial an I imperfect vaccination heretofore practiced in civilized ; countries, what blessings miy we not expect to be iu- j augurate I by that perfect and thorough vaccination 1 which shall cause the small-pox to disappear from among mankind. j And how long will it be before the people of the several : States of the I'nion ad.ipt sneh m?asnres as wilt re- ' qnire every inhabitant of this broad land to be pro tocted against any possibility of suffering from that fatal snd lcfathsome d'.seas-; ? ! M st mn, if they had the privilege of png to an insurance otJiei and lengthening ont the number of their torrestrial days twenty-five percent, by theqnin- ; qnenial payment of even a large sum of money, would ; bless and em!race the opportunity ; how much m re ! then should they be eager and active to enforce tlie : inexpensive, safe and facile measure of vaccination j which w ill produce the same result. j Th! statistics of the last ten years we have in i the Fnited Stat.-s, teach ns that there occurred in that j period about H'1,000 cases ef unmvlinel Small-pox-and of these about 25,0D0 proved fatal. These figures wilt, un louhtcdty, be largely increased in the current decennial period by the condition i.f war in which the ! country is now involve I. Flow can an enlightened arrd ! Christian nation have a quiet conscience in the pivs- ' ence of all this pestilence if it make no adequate ue I of the means a prwckms ProVdence has placed in ; its bands to arrest the destroyer? bow shall a philosophic and philanthropic people excuse themselves for i the non-fulfillment ef a plain duty of humanity if thev ; stand i-lle ia the roidrt of this vast suiTering and death 1 when a little activity, without sacrifice of comfort or ; substance, would prevent it all ? .X-ir-A large meeting was bold at Concirsvii'.e. on i the 15th inst. by persons livir g on the liue of the pro- j posed Whitewater Valley Railroad, at which a rcsolu- I tion was adopted calling on the Governor to convene ; an extra session of the Legislatare. ia order fo have ; a law ecacted to permit said Railroad Company to j build their road on the line of the tVhitewatcr Vallev i Canal, and for the completion of other important unfinished business of the late session. Akothes Bravk Box Has Fallkx. W. H. Tcknkr, son of our old friend ; Jksb IVrsbr, of this vicinity, of the 57th Indiana, who was wounded at Kene- ' saw and taken prisoner, died at Atlanta, j Geo., on the l'-tli of Julv last. Since the time of his capture, until within the i past lew aays, nts parenw have not heard j from him, when they learned the above I by seeing it published ia the lit of I deaths at Atlanta. Serg't. Tckskr. was I an upright young man, and was highlv j esteemevl by all who knew him ; he had no bad habits -was brave and fearless in .ue uiseuarge oi ws uiiiy as a soiaur, and beloved bv his comrades. ! t

'Rfchmond Horiicuttural Aoci.tion. - - ; ' March 23, 1SG Tfci meetinj'waa Called to order bj the PrewdenC The linuter of tba

previous meeting were kvad aad adopted. roccm.g were swau mvytm. James Sraelser wa bIlotei foe aai elected , - , , . . The SecreUry and Treasurer srera appointed to sertlo'with Fife-to? So: 3. 'for the rent i oftW HaiL The commit . ppoLa'-d last trace tin 5 ta rv -r. - . ; ' , , v. .- .X- r.vii Tlie loc rremia Jl dtobS" - "tnS rtptnf, which was accepted and adoptedr1 RiT-RT ITje committee to whom was VeI fereil lha rrmium Ufit. f Uat .meetinar. rerxt I . . . iiicy uiic ici.,j iuvf.wu"-j I ,hera- a,i ,Te "Ued th Premium4 on moit ot the articles named; ffraJ'tDS them, to some ex tent in accordat.ee with the time, skill anl 1ab;f in their production. We beliere, howcrer, that tlie increasing growth of oor S?ci?tr, together with the interest manifested, fully justifies a higher gra.le of pre mi a ids than bas heretofore been our custom to oifer, and the increase proposed its not below what is expected of us. The aggregate amounts are: Spring. $ 163; Fall, 131. We lurrhef propose- that no premium be pain on any article, whether na.ed in the pretnium l.sts 01 under the head of miscellaneous, unless it merits it. That the fee for daily attenaance be cents, ana tamily tickets, uur103 exbiUti in, $1, id. ,oTtATTa2t, Lu q. FAIL LIST. Iv-jtflre varieties of Fall Apples, three of each, $2.50 Second bf rft . 1,00 lfost ten variities of Winter Apples, 3 o each, Seco:ii host .................... Ii-st display of Apples ........... .... Secnd best 1 st live varieties of IVars, tliree of each,.. ... Second rrt i IJoist display of Pears h'-it five aaria'lies of l'eacues, thr-e of each..... Secnui lxst U-st t-ingle var-ty of Pear ..- Host single variety of Peaoh.... ............... H.'St display of lVaches lte.-t half-bushel of Dried Apples... Second best .... .... ........ ......... H.-st half-bushal of Peaches Second best ilo't three varieties of 1'lums, S of esch Secoivt brst Itest display of Plums lVst half-eck of Teaches , Hest five varieties of Native Grapes- i-i.-.. Second b st .... .f . li'it single variety uf Foreign tra pes -....... 3.50 I'po 2.50 t'na j j&j 4 00 LOW I 2.UU I Mt i'oo 5.oi) 2,i0 1.IH) 2,1)0 1,0V 5,0u j tsinvaVaVf XWrVlW" Second best--'-lSst display of Grapes - -- - . . . . s.ritiN; list. Post three varieties of Cberrieb, 1 pint each,... . Second bt&t Itest single variety of Cherries, 1 pint - Second best ltuat display ot Cherries, . Hot Specimen of Iloughtim Needling Gooseberry, 1 pii.t--Second beatliost specimen ot" (Ioose!crrii s of any foreign variety -"- Second best lnj.t display of Gooseliorrics - .-- .- Host p'eimen of Currants 1 pint Second be.st .;,.. IVst display of Currants I test povitueo of StrawlK-rries, 1 quart Second best Host ii'w variety, .- Host display - - lkt display of Apples, kept over winter, in the niit perfect slate of preservation, accompanied with a description of tbe manner of keeping Second best -- - llet display of Grapes kept over w inter, on same condition specified for Apples ..... Second best--Jtest specimen canned Peaches Second l.est t lest can of Small Fruit Vcoiid bi'St . -est display of Canned Fruit - ; iscixi.a.i:ois. 1.00 1,K "oo '' s" 2 00 43 o'm 2 50 i!io J," 4o0 All articles under this head will receive full and . rojier attention by our regular committees for that I urpo.se, and premiums will be awarded according to ae merits of said articles. ; 'LOWrns-tVlLHERCIAL LIST. xat 4 Koses grown iu pots--. econd best 't est single ypecim'n J ,-st displav of cut Hoses ...1 !..." f3,00 2.00 1.50 ecoivl iest - ' ;st 6 Verbenas - . econd best J est display of Verbenas' -- - . est i Geraniums S ecund hrst - I ?st display of Gernr.iums . .-st 1 Knclisiss j;i)0 00 I,'oo 3.00 2,00 1,00 1. tw 1,50 2. M I'll lio 2 50 5'u0 2)50 12,00 3,00 b10 Loo i!oo est single specimen - - .st Oleander---- . st display of Cacti .st display of Foliage Plants ecoad bt'stost hand Itoquet-------J econd best J est large Boquet econd best - J est display of Flowers, cut and in pots i ?cond best !' st display of (ireen House plants .coiid best i. av tjivi a. .i.fi.M i.Kt.1 a L, 1,1 1 . jst 4 Roses grown in pots .. .. cond best -. -st single specimen - ., .-st 6 bahlia J jst display of Dahlias .. 1 jcond best ( est 4 Fuchsias It jst single specimen !est Oleander . .... est display of Cacti est Foliage Plants - -cond best J -st Gladiolus -stent Flo-wers est Green House Plants ., x.uu 2.00 1,00 1.00 3'00 6.00 ! econd best .................... est hand Roquet ... . 2.50 2.00 1.00 2,00 1.00 3.00 cond best..... lest large Boquet .... ........................ econd oest t collection of Plants, of Commerce 'LOWERS AMATEUR'S LIST. , '-est Rose grown in pot - '. iost Fuchsia- - - .. .... . . .. tost Oleander .... i lest display of Cacti , lest disulav ot Gladiolus Itest 4 I'ahlias ttest large Boquet---Ilesthand Co j act Second best - Host display of cut Flowers Second best- ... Bv-st dii-play of House Ilants SPRIt;LIST OF VEGETABLE'S. - Hest 5 Cucumbers........... Second best....... Itcst 6 Onions Social best ..... liest f Beets ..I. Second r.t Hcst 6 Radchcs... Second best ISst 6 Turaips Second host Best 6 stalks of Rhubarb Second best Ik-st half peck of Peas Second bet ................".. P,.st h's 1 of Lettuce .... ............... Second tiest $:.oo 1.00 1,00 2,00 i 1,00 j 1.00 1 2.00 j 2.00 ! 1.0P i 2,00 : 1,00 ! 2,50 ; 2.50 1.50 j 2!oo Loo roo I i!oo - 2,50 J'J '. i!ivi . i,tvi Bct t'urre heada of Cauliflower.. Second best.... - Best display of Vegetables ............... .Sec-ad iirst TALL LIST OF VEGETABLES. Best half bushel of Potatoes Second best Rest half buhcl of weetPotatoes ... -, 2. Vai 2,io j) i.oo Second best JVst bail busiicl Beets....... Seconl br-st Best half bashed of Oakiaa.... 1.90 i"iw jo Loo Second best . . - l ta!rbosbel Ta -. ..... i.m ".." i.n ..... 5-J so . .. " 1 4 .... : t-r "" . a,' . ... 5 59 Best half busbei ?f Parsnips Secnnd best... ......... IWst half bushel of Carrots ..... . S cond best...."'.................... Best half bushel Turnips ........... Second best........................ Best specimen Tpg Plant Keon4 best.... Best snecaraen Csiery Second best .- IWt specimen Salsify Second i-ct .... .... .. .... Bt iL-cCawber J"011 ::." : Best 'se K-.i'Si .....

S.S I l.oa !. I 1.0 ! -oa ; 1. n ; 2. j 1.0 : i.OO ' 1.00 j I i, v ;.o i.eo I .W , 5..VI , Best specimen Cantelooe ! Seeond best...... i riesi aispiay oi MeUucs ... Second best . . Best 3 Pumpkins... Best display of Squashes .... cooa oet--.. ...................... Bestdisplav of Beans Sdtot txait-... He size bead. Cabbage... ..... ...... Seond best Best s'se staTVs Tfhubarb r.Tt..'.'??.; Second best - Best general display of Irish Potatoes . Sccbu twf t BettdisaUy of Vegetable i SeconJ west 9 The Lists were ordered to be printed, together with the Cor-stitution and By-Law3 of the Association, The President and Secretary be- J ing appointed a committee on printing. j Tbe f.tilonirg rvsoluti.m a adoptad; - I Resolxeii,Tliac thj comiuiue. on the tiri.'di j artHe5! at their discretion, reij-a re a'.i tiuccess- ; fut exhibitors to state how the articles exhibit- 1 ed wfxe raied or manufactured, in order t!tt they may furnish a repoit to tbe Association. " J Several kinds of Seeds front the Patent , rere distributed amoit the membets ; the tppeu to be a ery g.iod seleetk.n, , j gJme ?Ktent office Repairts for February,. werJ tUo recwived br the cotresfonding sec'y. An article from a Report 6f tho proceedings of the Farmer's Club of New York, in the N. Y. Tribune, on the Wine Plant, was read, which ' caused some discussion on tbe subject in tbe , ! the Association. We hare no room for the j , article this week it will be in next No. Kd. ! Geo: Uilf. exhibited sonio very fine speci- " j mens of the "Quaker Russet Potato." Then adjourned to Saturday, A pril 8, at 2 ' o'clock, P. M.' :. ! Frcm C e Western C ..rUtian AJtv.caU', Marcb 2lUi. Is.'. . Tub Grant Family. At Covington, j directly opposite our city, reside, the ! parents and sisters of our Lieutenant j General. They were among our earliest Western friends, and have shown us many kind attentions. 5 Week before last we were called to officiate at the funeral t of, Miss Clara, one of the sisters, who ' early fell a victim to consumption, but 1 has left to her friends the unquestioned, assurance of being- crowned with tle , j : o-Inrv. and honor, mid immortalitv that I I she sought. The family arc members pf the Greennup-Strcet Jiieihodist Kpisco: ' ! nal Cluirch, and familv altar and closets ! 1 . . .V.n.. .v.: i 50 ouen nave me name ot fnascs vuiii.i- ; ed to the Father of spirits. r I It would be wrong, of course, to betray j " .1 ! the confidence of the family, or give to j ' tiie public what a dutiful son only meant j i for a parent's ej-c. From a recent letter ! , - t f . . .. n.A i Ol VjiCIierUl Vluu1'? UU "III!, .. J'.i vrsuui:.

Bast sixe Water Me!n, Second best . Best sias Musk Mellon , Secon-i best ...j-f. j. Best sixe No:ra-x Seconal best

500!to snatch a single paragraph, that dis-2-50 tinctly unfolds our National prospects as s.rio I they appear to the writer. He says:

j We arc now having One weather, and j I think will be able to wind up matters j ! about Richmond soon. I am anxious fo ' ; have Lee hold on where he is a short time j j longer, so that I can get him in a position ! i where he must lose a great portion Ol i his army. The rebellion has lost its vitality, if I am not much mistaken, there will be no rebel arnn- of any great dimension a few weeks hence. Any great would, of course, revive tlie cnemv for i short time, but I expect no such thing j ; IO naopen. a am in cxceuein ut-uiin. uni i so i would enjoy a little respite irom auu- . : wrindorfiillr. T honn it will come SOOI1. j --- ! I shall expeot to make you a visit the j coming Summer. i ! . . . . ' - j i The fight on the left of the Army of the l'otomac on Saturday was much more ! severe than at Gist reported.- General j Grant's official dispatch states our total ; losses at 119 killed, POO wounded, and , ; 840 missing total, l,7tS. We took j I ' prisoners. The rebel loss in killed j j and wounded Gen. Git.tsi reports as j j much heavier than ours. The rebels j j fought stubbornly to regain the position i ! which they lost, and the battle was j ' protracted into the night. The theory of ; 1 the attack by tbe enemy, as stated iu our j I dispatches, is that the rebels supposed j J General Grant had aent troops to the j ! support of Shkhman, and his lines being i thus weakened, they would -easily ac- i coinplish their object. City Point, March 2711 a. m. ' Hon. E. Jf. Star-tun, Secretary rf War I am in receipt of Gen- Sherman's re- j port of operations from the time he left ' Fayetteville tip to the 22d inst. It shows ; hard fighting, resulting iu very heavy ; loss to the euemv in killed and wounded, i and over two thousand prisoners in our hands. His own loss, he says, will be J covered by 2,500 men since he left J Savanah. Many of them are but slightly S wounded. f Signed L. S. Grant, j Lieutenant General, ! JOHSNY ISO THE DtTCH.HAX. i The day that Wade Hampton charged j Kilpatrick's camp I was at Gen.Charhn's I ! headquarters, when a rebel soldier, carry- j ing a carbine, and a Teutonic member of j i the 9th Michigan cavalry came np. On j ! reaching the tents the Dutchman saluted I j and said : ; j "Captains, there ish tm brisoncr. i "Whore did you get Lim ?" inquired the j Adjutant General. j i "Well, yer see, I was in der perginning j of the fight, and got cut of i der gun or horse, hid in i Pimcm-, I sees der Shonn off ; and without ; r " cttrnmn i i v.a ;tiu vs. uvi v. ii i a si j " niu j-. ; nrrtcpy, I sees der Saonny coming up. so I shuBt shumped pehind der tree to ' grab hims. Der tain fool didn't ctims ' j close ter nnff, and I steps out mit 'surren- : : der!' I shock hands mit him, and we i j made une compact to strike for ter camp ; and, if it so pc we make rebel lines I was ; LTnion lines, he is to pe mine prisoner" ; The story seemcl so improbable that i rebel was atioealed to. and confirmed ; the Dutchman's tale, merely adding: j ; "I were tired of toting tbe gnn, and ' ' wanted to sell out chean for cash or hard j tack.'' . ... . j Asthma or Phthisic A spasmodic af- j ' -ctlon " tlie Bronchial Tubes, wLich are ; ? coverei with a dry tenacious phlegm, ; ! 'Brown's Bronchial Troches'' will in; some cases mre immediate relief. l - ' I i Works of art of the vaT-ae 0f CTf r t5,fti wrrv I exported from Borne in 1-4. 1

TRUSTEE'S REPORT, Of Wayne Townsaip. for tke Fiaaaeiat Year lCl. Kndins tat .Moatia rMk, !: On hand at ReUlemesa one fear ago of Common School Fun4 ....,..$2,333 S3 Received for tha sa. J'uk.oC to i County Treasurer 2,?0l OS

rwaJxt reIr8eet,4ne yr ago. 3 KecTsred fyXowminp IteTeaua this year..,? SUk...,...wi: i a . 232 S4 Balance on hand of School XIouss Tax, at st ttlcrrient la5V year...... iiJ&T 93 Received this year of the s.taie Fund Oi 13a!srce"6n hand 6f Koad Tax fW"lhe""" 5se t!ma...;.l.. ,,.a.'i. !r 55 73 Keceived for 1UJ Tax 155 21 Whole am'tree'd ir.c!ud:ng balances. $5 "4 i:XPESlS: Z T" Thcr has been expended during tha year for Schools $3049 tvi Expended of T'wihtp Keveuue. f T T"rnhip pu pises 2,543 23 Paid out frr Wood, Ue.j Airs, &c. cf S.'h-Kl il-.'use.s, ................. 503 44 on ui'.jjri Highways, ar. I pi :n o:f upcrvi3v?rs, , ' 143 f0 Whole amount ex pen It! ....JiS-.O -2 Leavie a lia'snc on ha.-vi, rnclud-.n i' t.e Funds, of , '..1.124 Oi Halaace due tiie S---hol FtinJ, ftf. 3,t0 C Iwsd Tax . 43 01 Dae thoe Fonds. , $3 09 1 3v Hatance in fav ir of Trustee, on account cf Township Revenue, .... lPlft 7B On account of School iiouse Tax. .. 152 52 Dueie Trustee on Heventw and the School House Tax $1,973 25 Showing tbe balance to be, as above stated ...,.$1,124 02 W1LLIA11 PARRY. Trustee. Received and paid out accbunt of the Poor $f,215 "i Reoeired and paid out on account of Soldiers' Families.......... 22,893 35 Wat. Pabbv, T. T. 1miaiapoli?, March 29. , Tlie Copperhead journals of the State are very busily circulating the story that investigation at Whashington showed that many Counties nnd Townships have more than tilled their quotas, nnd that credits have been sold by Governor Morton to Massachusetts, thus causing a deficiency and draft in Indiana. It is a lie made out of tho whole cloth, and as such should be branded everywhere. There is some dirTerenco between the figures as claimed by the State authorities nnd those made tip t -Washington, but Governor Morton is in no wise to blame. He has made every effort to have proper credits allowed, and is de ' serving of praise rather than blame. The coppeihevd districts, which have done every thing to discourage enlistments, ought not to complain if the draft thins out their butternut inhabitants. It is rumored that General Carrington is to have a command in the field. The number of rebel deserters coming within our lines has been so larga during tlie past month that ?30,000 have been expended in Washington in furnishing them transpoitrtiou to points in the North. The grave yard on oil creek is exempt from lease, as baa been decided in tlie case of a gay and festive widower at Titnsville, who leased his lot in the grave y-ard to an oil company', rserving as roj'alty the remains of his three wives. iffu Saturday" last, several Union paroled prisoners were at the Gait House in this city. Some of whom were hardly able to walk, caused by their cruel treatment while iu the hands of the rebels. Their homes were near Terre Haute. Capt. R. T. Lincoln, son of the presi ?ent, left Washington for the 'pint, under or lers to report Jo Liut. Gen Grant for service upon his staff. The R.inror ( Me. ) Tims says that one hunting party brought tiireetnns ot" deer meat into that city, l ist week, li-om the Jdutta vanlurng atJltlem-iit. "Why is a wish far dearer than a cr iwn T Tbiit ish ac- mpl shd, n hy thegrae ' f blis-?" Persons all! 'cod with Catarrh not only wish, but attempt by every possible means to effect a cure. None bnt those afflicted can imagine tiie unpleasantness of this disease, very many who have It as yet but in its first stages, are unaware of the pain, inconvenience, and even mortification, which they are yet to suffer, unless prompt measures arc taken for relief. I)r. D. II Seelye's Liquid Catarrh Remedy is a certain cure, striking at the cause of the disease, and thus effecting a permanent cure. s. Give heed! A cold is often thought to be a too trifling matter to claim immediate or serious attention until it gets such a hold on the lungs as to imperil the life of the consumptive patient then and not till then do many think serious of relief, when it often comes too late; what foolish negligence we may say when 25 cents will go so far as to cure a Cold, Cough, Sore Throat, Hoarseness, Asthma, tc, hesitate not to go b a Druggist and invest that in a bottle of Madame Porter's Cough Balsam. ODITUARV. DIED,-On March 20th, I5, of disease of the lnnys, Maaoaiirr WiLLiaiis, sped Myears. She was born in tbe State of Virginia, oo to 20th day of March, 1799. At too years of age, site moved with her parents, Ilobert and S-arah Itennett, to Bntler county, Ohio, where site resided until tbe year 1911, when she removed to t'oioa county, in Indiana Territory. In 1317 she was married to her deceased husband Benjamin Williams. They settled in Abington Township, Wayne coanty, Indiana, and reside 1 tlwre for a number of years, anl remain! Utere until the time of hue dcrath. She joinxd the Mctlwdiat Episcopal Chorch nnder the labor of Rcr. Joseph Tarkinton, in tbe year 1542, and continued an accvptable member ailil tha time of ber d-alh. She devote 1 ber life to tlie cause of Christ, and the comfort or her family, and was a friend to tbe poor and unfortunate. In ber last boors of srEiction she suSkred much, but endured it with christian fortitude and patience. A short time before h-r death, she was permitted to draw Mir the spirit of ber sainted nx tier, and raising ber bands toward beavea procUisneJ in aa audible roiee, my mother arr aorBEa, sad in a few moments at?r called tie Lr.rl tu taks ber, and calmly slept ia tl. arms cf Jesus. VTjf. .. WlLtia.. Death of Ianiel Clurk. We regret to learn, just as we sre grnng to press, tbat cor oi l friend PaOIt CLaaa, die! oa yesterdaw (Thursday.) His fuaerxl wdl take p' ace at fcla lata rideo foor milr-s vrntit of fjis city, to-roorrtrw (Satorday"' at lOo'elock, A.M. Da!L Ctaaa. was one of eor olarst chirrns, a-d was framVr repeeted aai esteemed by all woo k-rrw Litn, as aa heat aal "ipri(,-"t err..

Tira IVtslsvillF J.isjnaal says Taa paasaa ot tU nrtra army bill sTehBsoV earsjt4taka place, stnkes slavt-rr forever from the soil af this continent. It wiH have no more existence thaa tha old sy4ac of sarvitadav under tha adaiaoistratioa ef Mosa. . . ti . 1 U

Da- FaaKBU ay a good kick oat ef doors is better than a, the rich trncles in the world." - Flora Tr?rLK. Among the celebntUhI o-Vv WV upnlhc 4Unioa rce cours ? oa LwaiglsUnJ, .XJ".dal-iu the com-; , inp season, i Flora Temple., The N. Y. World says: TJtr littlo'iiueen of th Trotting Turf,' . ( Floras Msta - wiU -alMJjUaV, CM a lift , a sensation upoq her reappearance after two yoaj-a past! Wither the still rfciins !ier unequal?! iijeeil (2,19 is very 1'.t?sttonable; nevertheless.' although she is upwards oT twentjrjears of age, she is said to be in exccllerit condition. Jlost likely she will be again matched , for lar?;e stakes ansinst some of the fleetest trotters ou th" Araeriean contin:it. The first trot of the season will cojt.e otf at the Union course on the 19th . of April. V.i.LAXiir.H.M, was before tle Mill- ! tarv Commission, on V edensday last, i I If e professes to be as innocent as a lamb, ; i in regrnrd to the treasonable object of ! the order of which he was couimandcria.chtef. REMOVAL. EMPORIUM OF FASHION. HI US." MOOlIE.' las' rr moved her fin stock old stand. A. 1 r ' Ornamental Trees For Sale. A Sple idjd lot of Kverg retis. of suitable six and m.' a; f trpUating tha present season, . bracing chmoe varieties of Pine, vis: Black Austrian, White Scotch. Wbite Pine, Norway Spruce, American Sproee, Irish aud American Juniper, Balaam, Fir, lleuilock, Ac. v., ., , ".. TiT Thosf wishuv to jiuir-has and select their tnvs. apply to or address ALHKRT C. WASSOS, kiehmoud,' ind.. Agent. March I, 1 SB 5. State of Indaina,' Wayne County, S S. In the Wayne Mav B. Brut, - V CMRtSTtaS C. ltVHt. s Coaiaaoa Ploaa Court; -Mar lenn. A. I. ISM. Divorce 'o.32sa. BE IT KNOWN, thst, on this 2!nd day of March, the above ram-1 Plaintiff, bv Jesse P. Siddall,, her Attorney, filed in tlie office of th Clerk of th Wavne Common Pleas Court, her complaint against said defendant in the above entitled csuse, topcthcr w ith the affidavit of a competent person thst said defendant. Christian 1. Ituhl, is not a resilient of the State of Indiana. - . ,, Sai I defendant Christian C. Huh", therefore, is hereby notified af tlx tiling and fw rvlrwcy of said ntaaplaint Rjraiti.t Iiim, and that, unless he appears and answers or demurs thereto, at til railing ot the said causa on the second day of the next Term of said Court, to f beirin and hel.l at the Court House in Centerville, ou tho aecoad Moudav of May neat, said corn, plaint and the matters and things therein contained and alli'ired. wilt be taken as true and the aaid causa will be heard and determined ha his absence. I "- j Witness SAMUEL 11. SCHLAC.LE.Clork, JScal and tho Seal of snid Court, at Centcrville, I J this 32d da f March, IS6S. SAMl'EL li. SC1ILAULK, Clerk. Centcrville, March 22, lH9i. 4-3w. $4,40 Fine Watches and Jewelry, Direct from tK JHanafnrtnrer . . Gold! Gold! ... Watches! Watches! Jw-elryt Jewelrrl The very Rest f The very Host I The" very cheapest 1 "The very cheapest. At C. A. Dickinson' Jewelry Store, 5o. 3S Msin Street, Kichmond, Intl. FAIR FOR 1865. The last Fair of tlie Wayne County Agricultura Hociufy under tlie present organization, and on tha ground now occupied will be held - September 12, 13, 14, 15, & 16, 1865. I'miawal pains will be taken to ensure th success of t'ie comi.ijr Pair, in every department, and the co-ne-ration i f farmers, mecbaiiics, artists and producer of every description of usrtul and ornamsnul articles, ia solicited to make thin the -CUOlV.M.v; CLORYn Of a l'nr- series of tunaiUr eventful occasions. Tbe premium list will be increased and enlarnd, tl KMuii ts un ler tl; supervision of tin.- able and energetic superintendent will bo placed in complete order and every tiling ma te ready for the oceiMion. HtirjrM tinns in regard to the addition to th premium list may 1 made in writing and adJrefs'J o tbe Scretary uuUl -April 11. . . ... . E. II. DEXXI8, Sec'y. Feb. 2it:i,leo5. . .

COUNTY DIRECTORY. PROSPECTUS OF TUB WAYNE COUNTY" D1RE0T0HY And Soldiers' Register. In lare cities it is imptissible for business nyna to conduct their aflairs witlumt the aid of a Directory. In many places this want is so general! v acknowledged as to demand a new one each year. There are Urge noniticrsef MWtfs anl cities in various parts of tit conntry lu which it is incrmvmnmit j do business whh out a referenr of this kind, ami yt the want is not sufficient! felt to make it safe for publisher to engage in tbe enterprise of preparing one. In som of tha Entcrn ,itW these dilBculties bar bean overcome by includinjr sn entire countv with aH its cities, towns snd villages, thus enlarging the soap of its usefulness. This plan has been adopted by trie undersigned for the first time as he befiews fu a Western Sutc, sod he is now preparing a full Directory of wajne '"ounty. , - : . . There will be exhibited in art afpfinbetfcaf list, tha name of eTery bead of a family, also tha as rasa of all unmarried males over twentyone and females over eighteen years of age, giring the occupation, place' of business and resilience of each. Historical s .Sketches of som- of t!e most important events connected w ith the early settlement of the county ; also biographical ketches of n of the men who bar been raost-eiScientia drvnlJjng ia rourrr and in forming tiie IiaUts and opinions ot tha people, re ligions. moral and pditicad. The apace devoted to this part of the work wiH be governed by tbe prescribed Itiiiits of the hook, which will dilll-r from any other ever published in containing a . Soldiers Register, . In which a full and complete list of all the Soldiers furnisho by the county which is thought to be npwar ls of T HKra tfi'k saxi, will b preaeatod, -taming the nsnteor every man who has entered tha Cniu-1 S:ats service from the first call for seveotrnvethoanand Irvn tn April,lA, t tb last call r tbr!-hundrd tbonsrtsj, ia December 14, also including those raised f -ar tate service during that time. It ariit specify the br. jacti of tb asrrioa in which each engaged, whether infantry, cavalry, artillery, ae te Xavy ; naming tbe rank, companv, regiment, snd tithe .of s.-rrice : aXvt the action ht which aeo partidpsted, wlietber wonmlVl, ktllc-1, discharged or still ia the service, as far as tt armv tnnords and th information furnished by their friends and relatives will how. lirief sketches will be presented of those who bar lost their lives in tbe set rice or distinguished themselves by acta of be man, or nwritarioias eoadnrt af any kind, by which they are entitled to tbe grat-tude of their errantrymew. " Epctl care wiH be given to this part of th work, and we desire that tbe friends and rvlatives of tb soldiers will be pr-par-d to give correct answers to all rbe qtifstions aaked by the canvassers, with aa littb delay as possible, and by no mrana allow a single aama to be ara tted. keeping in mind tbe fa-t, that it ttopeads largt-ly "P0" J"r interest in tb aad-rtaking whether this record of the sacna-iea and suff-riags. of til ewe who bare-stood brtareen yon and death, shall b full and eomplete or not. ,. Aa 4wtline Mmp Showing tiie relative location of tha Cities, Towns, Township. Kalrrad, Canals. Tarapike, Common roads and Watrr eoorses located in, or run a ing thfwofh the eowntr, wiii sceotnpany earb eopy of the book. T ar whole work will comprise out lea thaa fear bun lord doatda column O'ctaro pages an win be printed with cirar type oa 6a whits paper and neatly bocud iavadatia,. d'ti.'b', i : .Ait .. i". Toe prace per copy, iocloding the Otttlio Afap, will oei,(W. It will be sold by subscrtptioa, owlv, aad the aamber of copies pubhsSed wi!l be ooSjaed atrvctly to the comber of sabacribers. It is therefore nOTary tbat rJw nam' of every person ioteodiag to purchase tUaw-irk aboald ba kacwa before it goes to press. - - - ... C. Powga. Sf.ai'j'f, iMar-h W.