Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 92, Number 249, 19 October 1922 — Page 7

Kaiser Abdicated to Prevent

Civil War on Advice of His Counselors, Says Hi$ Memoirs

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, RICHMOND, IND., THURSDAY, OCT. 19, 1922.

BY WILHELM H0HEN20LLERN Now the efforts of the eovernmen

.nd the Imperial Chancellor to Induce

me to abdicate began. Drews, the Minister of the Interior, came to me at the behest of the Chancellor, In

order to supply me with Information concerning the spirit of the country. He described the well-known happen

ings in press, high finance and public, and laid emphasis on the fact that

the Imperial Chancellor himself had adopted no attitude toward the question of my abdication, but, nevertheless, had sent him to me. Drews, in in short, was well-nigh to suggest to me that I myself should decide to abdicate, in order that it might not appear that the government had exerted pressure upon me. I spoke to the Minister about tha fateful consequences of my abdication and asked how he, as a Prussian official, could reconcile such a supposition with his oath as an official to his King. The Minister grew embarrassed and excused himself by reference to the command of the Imperial Chancellor, who had been unable to find any other man for the task. I was informed later that Drews was one of the first officials who spoke of the abdication of his master and King. I refused to abdicate and declared that I would gather troops together and return with them in order to heir the government to maintain order in the land. After that, Drews was received, in

my presence, by Field Marshal von Hindenburg and General Groner, whom he informed of the mission entrusted to him by the Imperial Chancellor and by both of whom he was

very sharply rebuked in the name of

the army. Groner's characterization of Prince Max, in particular, was expressed in such plain terms that I had to appease and comfort the Minister. The Field Marshal also called Drews's attention to the fact that, in the event of my abdication, the army would not go on fighting, but would disperse, and that the majority of the officers, in particular, would probably resign and thus leave the army without, leaders. Soon after that I learned from one of my sons that the Imperial Chancellor had tried to ascertain whether he was prepared to undertake the mission which subsequently was undertaken by Drews. My son indignantly declined to suggest abdication to hi3 father. t In the meantime, I had sent the Chief of Cabinet, von Delbruck, to Berlin, in order to lay before the Chancellor a general address, also intended for publication, which should take the place of my address to the Ministry (not published by the Chan

cellor), deal more broadly with the, matters taken up therein, and make clear my attitude toward the govern

ment and toward the new direction tcken by public opinion. At first the Chpreellor failed to publish this. Not unM! several days later did he find ,: . U forced to permit publication, ow ing to a letter written to him, as I learned afterward, by the Empress. Thereupon Herr von Delbruck informed me that the address had made a good impression in Berlin and in the press, relieved the situation, and tended to quiet the people, so that the idea of abdication had begun to disappear and even the Socialists of the Right had decided to postpone action concerning it. Socialist Activity During the next few days there were constant reports that the Socialists in Berlin were plannins trouble, and that the Chancellor, was growing steadily more . nervous. The report given by Dr' s to the - government, after his return from Spa, had not failed to cause an impression; the gentlemen wished to get rid of me, to be sure, but for the time being, they were afraid of the consequences. Their point of view was as obscure as their conduct. They acted as if they did not want a republic, yet failed completely to realize that their course was bound to lead straight to a republic. Many, in fact, explained the actions of the government by maintaining that the creation of a republic was the very end that its members had in view; plenty of people drew the conclusion, from the puzzling conduct of the Chancellor toward

me, that he was working to eliminate me in order to become himself President of the German Republic, after being, in the interim, the administrator of the empire. To believe this is undoubtedly to do the prince an injustice; such a train

filial yon Hindenburg and the Quarter-

master General, General Groner. Gen

eral Groner again announced that the army could fight no longer and wished rest above all else, and that, theretore, any sort of armistice must be

Tinconditionally accepted; that the armistice must be concluded as soon

as possible, since the army had supplies for only six to eight days more fend was cut off from all further sun-

pues by the rebels, who had occupied all the supply storehouses and Rhine

Drwges; that, for some unexplained reason, the armistice commission sent

)to France consisting of Erzberger,

Ambassador Count Oberndorff and

General von Winterfeldt which have

PAGE SEVEN

of thought is impossible in a man belonging to an old German princely family. General Groner, who had gone to Berlin to study the situation, reported on his return that he had received

very bad impressions regarding theM tnvprrimftTit orA v n .. . . .!

aiXni in thrcoutryr thS hing;cr0Vhe K" "ae3 tW evenlllgs r . . 3. Lua-1 lnm6. aeo. had Rent nr romvrta as r no-

were approacnmg revolution; that theil

government was merely tearing dowai

vwinoui seiung up anything positives: that the people wanted peace at last, at any cost, no matter what kind of

peace; inat the authority of the eov-

ernment was equal to zero, the agita

tion against me umpire in full swinp. my abdication hardly to be avoided longer. . fc He added that the troops at home were unreliable and disagreeable surprises might come in case of a revolt; that the courier chests of the Russian Bolshevist ambassador, seized by the criminal police, had disclosed some very damaging evidence that the Russian Embassy, in conjunction with the Spartacus group, had long since thoroughly prepared, without being disturbed, a Bolshevist revolution on the Russian model. (This had gone on with the knowledge of the Foreign Office which had received constant warnings, but had either laughed at them all or dismissed them with the remark that the Bolshevik! must not be angered likewise under the very eyes of the police, which was continually at loggerheads with the Foreign Office). The men back from leave, he went on, infected by propaganda,

naa aireaay carried the poison to the army, which was already parily affected and would, as soon as it had been made free by an armistice, refuse to fight against the rebels upon its return home. Therefore, he declared, it was necessary to accept, immediately land unconditionally, any sort of armistice, no matter how hard its conditions might be; the army was no lbnger to be trusted and revolution "was imminent behind the front. Prince Max Insistent On the morning of the 9tfh of November, the Imperial Chancellor

Prince Max of Baden, caused me to be informed again as he had alreadv done of the 7th that the Social Democrats, and also the Social Democratic Secretaries of State, demanded my abdication; that the rest of the members of the government, wha had stood out so far against it, were now in favor of it, and that the same was true of the majority parties in the Reichstag. For these reasons, he continued, he requested me to abdicate immediately, since, otherwise, extensive street fighting attended ty bloodshed would take place in Berlin; it had already started on a small scale. I immediately summonnd Field Mar-

ago, had sent no reports as to the na

ture of conditions. The Crown Prince also appeared, with his Chief of Staff, Count Schulenburg, and took part in the conference. During our conversation several telephone Inquiries came from the Imperial Chancellor, which, pointing out that the Social Democrats had left the government and that delay was dangerousv became most insistent Th Minister of War reported; uncertainty among part of the troops in Berlin 4th Jagers, Second Company of Alexander Regiment, Second Battery, Juterbog, gone over to the rebels no street fighting. I wished to spare my people civil war. If my abdication was indeed the only way to prevent bloodshed, I was willing to renounce the imperial throne, but "not to abdicate as King of Prussia; I would remain, as such, with my troops,- since the military leaders had declared that the officers would leave in crowds, if I abdicated entirely, and the army would then pour back, without leaders, into the fatherland, damage it, and place it in peril. i A reply had been sent to the Im-I perlal Chancellor to the effect that my decision must first be carefully weighed and formulated, after which

it would be transmitted to the Chan

cellor. When, a little later, this was

done, there came the surprising an

swer that my decision had arrived late! The Imperial Chancellor, on

his own initiative, had summarily an

nounced my abdication which had not occurred yet at all! as well as

renunciation of the thrown by the

Crown Prince, who had not even been questioned. He had turned over the government to the Social Democrats and summoned Herr Ebert as Imperial

Chancellor. All this had been spread simultaneously by wireless, so the en

tire army could read it

Denies He Foresook Followers

Thus the decision as to my going or staying, as to my renunciation of the Imperial Crown and retention of

the Royal Crown of Prussia, was summarily snatched from me. The army was shaken to the core by the erroneous belief that its King had abandoned it at the most critical moment of all. If the conduct of the Imperial Chancellor, Prince Max of Baden, is considered as a whole, it appears as follows: First, solemn declaration thaihe will place himself, together with the new government, before the Em-

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peror's throne, to protect it; then, suppression of the address, which might have impressed public opinion favorably, elimination of the Emperor from all co-operation in the government sacrifice of the respect due the

tmperor by suppression of the cea-

sorship, failure to come to the sup

port of the monarchy in the matter

of abdication; then, attempts to persuade the Emperor to abdicate voluntarily; and. finally, announcement of my abdication by wireless, in which

the Chancellor went over my head. This sequence of events shows th-9

course a perilous one to the nation

adopted by Scheidemann, who held the Chancellor in the "hollow of his

hand. Scheidemann left the minis

ters, his colleagues, in the dark as to his real purposes, drove the Prince from one step to another, and finally summoned Ebert, declaring that the leaders no longer had the masses under control. Thus he caused the Prince to sacrifice the Emperor, the Princes and the Empire, and made him the destroyer of the Empire. After that, Scheidemann overthrew the weak princely "statesman." Following the arrival of the wireless message, the situation was difficult To be sure, troops were being transported to Spa for the purpose of going on undisturbed with the work at Great General Headquarters, but the Field Marshal now thought it no longer possible to reckon absolutely on their reliability in case rebellious forces should advance from Aix-le-Chapelle and Cologne and confront our troops with the dilemma of whether or not to fight against their own comrades. In view of this, he advised me

to leave the army and go to some neutral country, for the purpose of avoiding such a "civil war." I went through a fearful internal struggle. On the one' hand, I, as a soldier, was outraged at the idea of abandoning my still faithful, brave troops. On the other hand, there was the declaration of our foes that they were unwilling to conclude with ma any peace endurable to Germany, as

well as the statement of my own gov

ernment that only by my departure for foreign parts was civil war to be

prevented.

In this struggle I set aside all that

was personal. I consciously sacrificed

myself and my throne in the belief

that, by so doing, I was best serving

me interests of my beloved father

land. The sacrifice was in vain. My departure brought us neither better

armistice conditions nor better peace

terms; nor did 'it prevent civil war

on the contrary, it hastened and intensified, in the most pernicious man

ner, the disintegration in the army

ana tne nation.

For thirty years the army was my

pnae. ror it I lived, upon it I la

bored. And now. after four and a hal?

brilliant years of war with unprece

dented victories, it was forced to collapse by the stab in the back from

the dagger of the revolutionists, at the very moment when peace was

within reach! ,

Ana tne ract tnat it was in my

proud navy, my creation, that there was first open rebellion, cut me most

aeepiy to the heart

There has been much talk about my having abandoned the army and gone

10 neutral foreign ports. Some say: The Emperor should have gone to some regiment at the front hurled himself with it upon the enemy, and sought death in one last attack. That however, would not only have rendered impossible the

armistice, ardently desired by the na

tion, concerning which the commission sent from Berlin to General Foch was already negotiating, but would also have meant the useless sacrifice of the lives of many soldiers of some of the very best and most faithful, in fact Others say the Emperor should have returned home at the head of the aimy. But a peaceful return was no longer possible; the rebels had already seized the Rhine bridges and other Important points in the rear of the army. I could, to be sure, have forced my way back at the head of loyal troops taken from the fighting front; but by so doing, I should have put the finishing touch to Germany's collapse, since, in addition to the struggle with the enemy, who would certainly have pressed forward in pursuit, civil war would also have ensued. Still others say the Emperor should have killed himself. That was made impossible by my firm Christian beliefs. And would not people have exclaimed: "How cowardly! Now he shirks all the responsibility by com-

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mitting suicide!" This alternative was also eliminated because I had to consider how to be of help and use to my people- and my "country in the evil time that was to be foreseen. I know also that I was particularly called upon to champion the cause of my people in the clearing up of the question of war guilt which was disclosing itself more and more as the pivotal point in our future destiny since I better than any one else could bear witness to Germany's desire for peace and to our clean conscience. After unspeakably arduous soul struggles, and following the most urgent advice of my counselors of the highest rank who were present at thd moment, I decided to leave the country, since, in view of the reports mad to me. I must needs believe that, by so doing, I should most faithfully serve Germany, make possible better armistice and peace terms for her, and spare her further loss of human lives, distress and misery. Concerning- the course of events up to the fateful ninth of November and this day itself there are authentic statements by an eyewitness In the book (well worth reading) of Major Niemann, who was sent bv the Chief Army

Command to me. entitled "Emperor and Revolution." ("Krieg und Revolution;" Berlin, ,1922). (Continued Tomorrow '

Copyright by the McClur Newspaper Syndicate. Entered at Stationery Hall. London. Publication and Translation rights reserved, including Scandinavian. Reproduction In whole or in part without permission prohibited

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No. 27

Don't Keep Too Many Hens During . the last three years there has been a very marked

crease in the interest shown in poulry. In 1920 there were a very few Culling Demonstrations held in Wayne County. Mr. Dolan, our County Agent, held a large number of them in 1921 and the work is in full sway again this fall. Those of us who have attended these demonstrations have heard how important it is to feed properly and know that we can prof'tably make two or three cullings each year. The poultry owner should by this time have sold the bulk of the loafers. About the last of, this month we will begin to think of feeding and housing the birids for the winter. This brines

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Our knowledge at present is not sufficient to enable us to foretell accurately the future of a pullet. They can be judged for appearance and type by eye. Their body conformation must be "felt". It is safe to say that a pullet with a deep, broad body, long breast bone and one which holds the breadth of back well toward the tail has "Egg Laying Capacity." The underdeveloped, slow-growing and immature pullets will not lay until well into spring. These are the ones which should be sorted out and sold at once or marked for later sale. The second point, that of selecting the breeders for next spring is easily solved by picking out the best hens in the flock. They are the ones which are still laying or the last ones to start their molt The number of good breeders plus the good pullets will determine the number of old hens for the final culling. Housing space is always limited and it does not pay to overcrowd a flock in the winter. Mark the chickens now for you will be too busy when it comes time to house them.

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