Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 92, Number 128, 30 May 1922 — Page 7

PAGE SEVEN AMERICAN COAST GUARD BEGINS SEARCH FOR ICEBERGS IN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN NEW SUBS IN PRACTICE TRIALS

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, RICHMOND, IND., TUESDAY, MAY 30, 1922.

WASHINGTON, May 29. Some ' weeks ago the fleet of vessels of the American Coast Guard began again the enormously Important work of ecourlng the North Atlantic ocean, particularly the crowded steamer lanes between America and Europe, to locate drifting masses of ic coming

down from the glaciers of the north. The huge mass of Ice makng up an iceberg is but a bit broken off the seaward end of a glacier, the solidly frozen rivers which gradually move to the ocean. These "bits' of ice are bits only by comparison with the glaciers from which they break away. In the late winter, and early spring the Icebergs break off from the glaciers and start drifting south, and it is to find those that stray as far as the Atlantic

steamer lanes that the American Coast Guard vessels keep busy throughout

the 6pning and early summer months. Through communication by wireless it is possible now to guard the ship

ping of the world from the menace of crashing into icebergs. The terrible Titanic dlseaster is responsible for the

yearly activity of the American government in finding and warning ship

ping of the location of floating bergs.

When that vessel, then the largest afloat, crashed head on Into an ice

berg and sank it was able to tell other

ships of its predicament while still

afloat through the medium of Its radio

apparatus. Its signals of distress

brought the steamer Carpathla to the rescue, and that vessel was able to rescue many souls who otherwise

would have shared the fate of those on board who went down with the Ill-

fated ship. Radio Clears Cause "Without radio, the fate of the Titanic would have been a mystery to thv's day, as no other ship chanced to come along the same route during the time the wrecked vessel remained & above the waves. Other Blmllar disasters might have happened since with no proof of the vessel's fate, unless chance threw survivors in small boats or on rafts in the paths of other boats. Out of the Titanic accident some good did come in waking the world up to the iceberg menace to shipping. The disaster, like the Iroquois theatre fre in Chicago, so horrified the world and aroused Its interest that

steps were taken to guard in every t1

water, Just as a bit of ice in a tumbler

of water floats with only its top ex

posed to the air. Thus only a point of

ice may project Into the air, and a

ship a hundred yards or more distant

from the visible portion of an Iceberg

may be on the verge of crashing into the submerged mass of ice. Seamanship Needed The work of the American ice patrol calls for excellent seamanship, and, is an undertaking not without considerable peril. For one thing, the water off the Grand Banks, where drifting Icebergs often are located, is shrouded with thick fogs on many occasions. But the ice must be found and shipping warned. Despite hard

ships and handicaps, this is so well done that there has been no repetition

of the Titanic horror.

The work of the ice patrol has served to shatter many old traditions of the sea regarding icebergs, it has long been a favorite belief of seafaring men that the presence of icebergs could be detected because the floating ice invariably echoed distinctly any sound within a considerable distance of it This has been found to be untrue except in the case of icebergs presenting a flat wall to the Bound waves, and even then the echo is discernible at such short distance that this warning is of little or no value. Another tradition that has been shattered is that an iceberg chills the sur

rounding water and air. The facts do not bear out this supposition. Once In a while, if the wind is blowing from an Iceberg toward a ship, the air may seem slightly cooler, but the water does not appear to be affected at all, except so close to the berg that no ship could reach the cooler water without practical certainty of destruction. Another Marlntr's Belief Still another mariner's belief touching icebergs has been that birds, flying about and roosting on the Ice, dis

close the presence of bergs by their cries, but the ice patrol has blown up

this tradition along with th rest. It has been found to be without any foundation. Many bergs have been lo

cated without any birds about them

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U. S. subs 50 and 51 saluting each other before starting speed runs.

The U. S. submarines 5C and 51, latest and largest type of undersea craft, built by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, successfully completed fifty-two hours of continuous running test on

Lonp Island sound. The boats are 24S feet long and of the most modern type. They are doubled hulled, differing in many particulars from other craft oZ the new S class. The plans on which they

were built were drawn after a careful study of German U-bcat construction had been made and some German practices proved in the war were adopted. The navy has accepted them.

possible way against its repetition. In

the case of the Iroquois theatre, hun

Collision with Icebergs is

only danger to shipping.

not the

Another

of the surface of the sea for long dis

tances in every direction.

The speed with which an iceberg

moves in the water in nearly every

case is due to the current in which It is moving along, and it moves no faster than this current. Occasionally,

though, the exposed top of the berg

may have surfaces which readily catch '

the wind, and thus it may sail along getting farther than the ordinary ice

berg does before it is melted and made harmless. Luckily for shipping, the great ma- i jorlty of icebergs after drifting south-';

ward for 1,800 or 2,000 miles, strand ;

and break up on the coast of Labrador, j It is the small number that escapes this fate that continue southward un-! Ill they reach the steamer paths of ! the North Atlantic, a distance of fn 2.500 to 3,000 miles from the mouth i of the glacier where thejf originated, i In the late summer and throughout 1 the autumn and winter the steamer , lanes are free from the menaces ofi

icebergs. Then the far north has frozen up tight again, and the bergs do not break away from the glaciers. The areas in which icebergs may be

expected in the spring and early sum-1 ty. The rays of the sun, reflected, mer months are now fairly well known 1 from the thousands of faces of ice, ;

to the coast guard, but sometimes one of the bergs with sail-like surfaces will be found blown far out of this

and shining through the natural prisms formed, are a spectacle well

Money of No Value

dreds of patrons were penned Into the menace is from movement of the great

blazing building because the great

swinging doors opened inward, and the weight of the frantic mass pushing against the doors in vain efforts to escape, jammed and held the doors tightly shut, and precluded all chance of escape. Everywhere today theatre doors must open outward, and regulations provided that there must be many emergency exits which open automatically when pressure is applied to them from within. Lesson Not Unheeded. So, too, the lesson of the Titanic has not gone unheeded. The activity of the Coast Guard has been going on since the year of the sinking of the Titanic. The main shipping nations of the world came to an international agreement by which the "United States was even the duty of scouring the

North Atlantic to locate floating icebergs and warn all boats by radio of the position of icebergs and their direction of movement, as well as the speed at which they are drifting. The cost of ths patrolling of the sea is borne by the various nations entering into the agreement, in proportion to the amount of shipping each has on the North Atlantic.

cannot be detected at all in foggy-

weather or on dark nights. About

six-sevenths of an iceberg is under

mass of ice in the water. As the berg drifts farther south, the air and water

become increasingly warm, the ice is melted in various ways. A current of warm waty will melt away the under part of an Iceberg so that the disturbance of the center of gravity will cause the whole thing to roll or turn over. "When this occurs, as it frequently does, great waves are sent out An ordinary ship, if close to an iceberg when this happened, would certainly run grave risk of being swamped. Sometimes, due to the attrition of warm waters and the sun's rays, an iceberg will split In two or more pieces, with terrific disturbances

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area before being destroyed by the''"0111 seeing. Icebergs in the moon-, elements. light, once seen, never will be forgot- j An iceberg often is a thing of beau-'ten as examples of ghost-like beauty.!

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