Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 46, Number 297, 26 October 1921 — Page 11

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, RICHMOND, 1MD., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 26, 1921.

PAGE ELEVEN

M'CARDLE DEPLORES

TAKING ROADS OUT OF

ALL STATE CONTROL PALLADIUM NEW BUREAU WASHINGTON, Oct 26. The ac

tion of congress of taking away from

the public utility commissions of the' various states all authority concerning the regulation of the railroads within the states, does not meet with the approval of J. W. McCardle, chairman of the public service commission of Indiana. In a letter he has addressed to Indiana members of congress. McCardle advocates the enactment of a resolution recently introduced by Representative Hoch of Kansas as a remedy for the condition he complains of. The Hoch resolution would restore to the states much of their former control over the railroads. Under a law passed by congress in February, 1920. complete authority over the railroads, interstate as well as intrastate, was vested in the fedMcCardle states that the business McArdle states that the business interests and the people generally are displeased because they are required

to take up with the interstate commerce commission everything they want to have settled concerning railroad matters. He says that anyone wanting a car for shipping purposes must apply to the federal commission, and that the same is true when sidetracks are wanted. Indianaian Gives Example The chairman of the Indiana public Fervice commission cites an instance which happened in Indiana in the summer of 1920, when the interstate commerce commission decided to make a distribution of grain and coal

cars. A grain car had been delivered to an Indiana elevator and was ready to be loaded "with wheat when the railroad company received instructions to send the car to Kansas so that it could be used to deliver Kansas wheat to the market, according to McCardle, he expresses a doubt as to whether it was more important to transport Kansas wheat than Indiana wheat, ?nd. he adds. Indiana shipers are getting tired of such treatment. It is recalled that the act vesting all authority over railroads in the federal Interstate commission followed long and vigorous protests from the transportation companies that as a result of being subjected to the authority of a federal commission and a utilities commission in each of the fortyeight states, they were "being controlled to death." No Sentiment Now

At this time there does not appear

Community Service Music Memory Contest A contest Inaugurated by Richmond Community Service In recognizing 24 melodies by listening to them.

Selection No. 4. "The Sextette from Lucia," the fourth opera written by Donizetta. an Italian who lived from 1797 to 1848. This writer has to his credit more than sixty-three operas, the most popular of these being Lucia de Lammermoor. The plot of the opera is founded on Sir Walter Scott's novel, "The Bride of Lammermoor," and the. setting is in Scotland. The sextette is considered one of the most

dramatic and thrilling numbers in the entire range of opera. It is not only a most remarkable bit of concerted writing but it fits so well into the scene in which it occurs. Its popularity has lasted these many years, and scarcely any singing organization considers their repertoire complete without this number. One of the most popular arrangements of it being for four mixed voices.

Leonardo's

By FREDERICK J. HASKIN

Wi

ings

spread to the

WASHINGTON, D. C, Oct. 26. One of the first devices by which a man ever tried to fly has recently been placed in the Smithsonian Institution in the form of a model made by Paul Garber. Garber, who is but 22 years old, has set himself the task of making visible the whole history of man's effort to master the air. Smithsonian possesses the models made by the inventors of many of the early airships, and Garber proposes to complete this collec

tion by making models of the others from drawings and descriptions. The model he has just completed is that of the device by which Leonardo da Vinci hoped to fly like a bird by the use of his own unaided strength. The model is made from drawings and descriptions which Leonardo left. It appears not to be known whether the famous Italian ever actually made his flying machine, but it may be stated with the utmost certainty that he njver flew in it. It coudln't be done.

Leonardo da Vinci was, according to all aujiorities, one of the greatest geniuses that ever lived, and he died a little more than 400 years ago. When you look at his flying machine it is well to bear both of these facts in mind. Only a genius could have conceived such an ingenious contraption, and only a man living in an early stage of the development of mechanics could have imagined that it would work. Did Leonardo Have the Big Head? Even allowing for the fact that Leo

nardo lived a long time ago, one wonders whether he did not have hisi tongue in his cheek when he designed i this flying machine. Or if it was not partly a joke, then maybe the famous ; Florentine had a touch of the big

head, to which even geniuses are liable. He had been proclaimed a universal genius and the great man of his times. He was a great painter, a great sculptor, and a great engineer. He was the best anatomist of his day. He had made scientific discoveries of the

act ratio of the wing

weight of the bird. Leonardo was a great athlete, built somewhat on the lines of Babe Ruth.

! He weighed about 200 pounds without

being flat, and was tremendously powerful. He probably figured that he

could fly if anybody could. j Accordingly he constructed a pair of wings, which had just the same spread in proportion to the weight of a 200pound man that a bird's wings have in proportion to its weight. He mounted them on each side of a beam about like a two-by-four on which he proposed to lie, belly down, while flying. Leonardo's device for propelling himself showed both his inttelect and his lack of a competent scientific technology. He saw very plainly that a bird had more power in its wings and breast muscles in proportion to its weight, than a man has in his arm and breast muscles. A man has his biggest muscles in his legs. Leonardo perceived that if he was going to compete with the birds he would have to fly with his legs. How the Thing Worked. That was an easy problem for him. You would have to look at Garber's

model to see just how he solved it. The wings are operated by pulleys. Leonardo, lying on his stomach on the beam, grasped handles in each hand, and put his feet in a pair of stirrups. By throwing his arms up he raised

i the wings, and by kicking backward, i like a swimmer, with both feet, he brought them down and back. Thus, by going through a sort of horizontal j setting-up exercise, Leonardo could

flap his wings, as he thought, just like a bird. He had doubtless watched the easy . flapping and sailing of the buzzards which hung about the Italian

towns, and figured confidently that he;, could do just as they did. j Leonardo was a good man, but like many another good man, not as good: as he thought. It took several cen-! turies to show just how far he had miscalculated. Experience with motor-driven airships has shown that a 10-horsepower engine is the leasts which can fly the weight of a man with any success. It would take at least two horsepower to life a man off the; ground. And a horsepower is equal ( to about eight man power. Suppose; that Leonardo was about half again

as strong as the average man, , he would have had to be nevertheless' about 12 times as strong as he wa3 inj

order to fly. His little device would have afforded him splendid exercise, but no transportation. Even if he had been 12 times a3 strong as he waqn Leonardo would probably not have risen an inch. . A bird not only beats its wings with much greater power, in proportion to its weight, than a man has, but it beats them much faster than a man can move his arms. About 180 wing beat3 per minute are necessary to keep a bird in the air. A man could not possibly do that and keep it up. One other point Leonardo overlooked. A bird does not really flap its

wings, as it appears to do. The wing ; motion of birds is a very complicated thing which . scientists have not yet analyzed to their satisfaction, but they believe that the wing describes! approximately a figure eight in the, air. Leonardo could not have execut- j ed such a movement with his wings, j He never stood a chance to fly. But j if his body did not soar, his imagina-; tion did. He divined that man was to :

conquer the air, and he initiated the conquest. . Paul Garber, who has made da Vinci's machine visible for us, is another man of initiative. He was hired by the museum to keep various models In repair a minor mechanical task. Having mended everything mendable, Garber looked the collection

over and found that the model of the first steam engine was so constructed that It could not possibly have run. Accordingly he rebuilt it He then decided that the aviation collection was Incomplete, and set to work, with much laborious research, to make it a full record of all man's effort to fly4 He has now nearly fin

ished that job, and is at presentworking on a couple of Roman t Catapults to complete the collection of military technology., ;. ? .

At the batle of Agincourt In 1415, the English bowman f , stopepd the French cavalry with sharp pointed

I sticks driven in the ground-

to be'anv narticular sentiment in con-! ereatest importance. Princes vied for

ms services.

gress for a restoration to the various

state commissions the complete authority they once had over intrastate transportation. Many believe, however, that some plan should be adopted whereby the interstate commerce commission could be relieved of much of the petty detail work expected of it, which could be administered locally much more promptly and intelligently. There are' the ultra conservatives in congress .who favor absolutely no governmental control over - the railroads, believing that most of the troubles now besetting the transportation systems are the direct result of what they term "meddling" on the part of the federal and state governments in railroad affairs. This group is not a large one, however.

He was a man of the!

highest gifts placed In a rich and high-; ly civilized environment that of Re-'; naissance Italy which knew how to( use them to the full. Probably mod-( em life is incapable of producing such J an example of intellect completey developed and completely triumphant.'

That was the golden age of the genius as this is the golden age of the boob. Possibly Leonardo, riding high on the tide of his success, a little Intoxi

cated by it, decided that he could doj

anything. He had already done almost everything. What was there yet to try. He would fly. He was a close student of nature and especially of the anatomy of animals. He now made a special study of the anatomy of birds. He ascertained the exact design of their wings, and also the ex-

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