Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 45, Number 169, 25 May 1920 — Page 1

BIGHMOWB PMX1B VOL. XLV., NO. 169 Palladium, Est. 1831. Consolidated with Sun-Telegram 1907. RICHMOND, IND., TUESDAY. EVENING, MAY 25,-1920 SINGLE COPY 3 CENTS

THE

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NO "WET" MEN

bAUIVtUWAHUd SAYS WAGER Sum of $404,984 is Lowden s Fund Wood - Harding Fight in Ohio "Made Newberry Piker". HOOVER FUND" $66,000 (By Associated Press) j WASHINGTON, D. C, May 25 Walter W. Vick, manager of the presidential campaign of Governor Edwards of New Jersey, denied before the senate committee today that any liquor interests were "underwriting" the governor's campaign. He testified that the total fund raised for his candidate was $12,900. J. W. Beller, of Washington, appearing for Senator Owens, Okla., was the first witness today. Oklahoma supporters of the senator, he testified, raised $7,810 for the campaign and $2600 was given through Washington headquarters. Hoover Funds $66,332 Expenditures of $66,332 exclusive of the California primary expense have been made in the campaign of Herbert Hoover for the Republican presidential nomination,' John F. Lucey, manager for Hoover, testified. Total receipts were placed at $62,185. A statement that $404,984.78 had been spent in behalf of Governor Lowden, Republican, Illinois, and a charge that the outlay in the Ohio primary contest between Senator Harding, Republican, of that state, and Major General Leonard Wood, made Senator Newberry's Michigan campaign look "like a piker" were the high spots of the testimony at the opening day of the investigation Monday. Frank H. Hitchcock, former postmaster general, who appeared as the representative of General Wood, threw but little light on the general's campaign expenses. Harding's Man Later Senator Harding's manager will be examined later, as will be a number of Wood managers, including William Cooper Proctor, of Cincinnati; A. A. Sprague, of Chicago; Horace C. Stebbins1, of New York, and John H. Price, of Cleveland. L. Li. Emerson, secretary of state for Illinois, was the spokesman for Governor Lowden. He was armed with records and cancelled checks and gave figures, names, dates and localities. Of the total spent for Governor Lowden, he said $379,175.78 was contributed by the governor himself. Friends gave $35,825, he testified, before col lections were stopped on orders from Mr. Lowden. Tftotalllnor prnonHIt nrea AT r Pmor. son testified that a total of $156,243 was sent Into different states, the Michigan primary campaign with 39,141, taking the most. ' E. H. Moore, of Youngstown, O., Governor Cox's campaign manager, testified today before the senate campaign investigating committee. "Our contributions," he said, "are made up solely from friends of the governor, outside of $2,500 he gave himself. We had no eminent reformers, as some here have. There are 24 men who have contributed amounts langing from $200 to $2,000; It totals $19,681." Naming larger contributors, Mr. Moore said H. G. Firestone gave $1,000; J. J. Whitacre, $2,000; ex-Governor James E. Campbell, $1,500; H. P. Wolfe, $500; Charles E. Morris, $1,000, and Harry Newman, $500. All are Ohio men. Bernard M. Baruch, representing William G. McAdoo, Democrat, and C. C. Carlin, who has been aiding Attorney-General Palmer in his contest for the nomination, were expected to follow. A number of others connected prominently with the various candidates have been summoned but the time of their appearance had not been announced. Police Warn Entertainment Men to Cat Gambling All proprietors of cigar, pool or other stores of entertainment were warned by the police Monday night immediately to do away with every form of gambling device. "Such property will be immediately confiscated and the proprietor in whose establishment its is found will be prosecuted after today," said Oath Freeman, prosecuting attorney, Tuesday. Gambling has become more popular than ever before, officials believe. Demand for entertainment in the army and navy during the war brought it into predominance and the habit has remained. Her Hair Turned White In Wreck, But Not With Fright And hair had turned white in a slnele night! Miss Mable Ellis, teacher at Finley school, was "scared to death" she said Tuesday as she gazed into a mirror ft Hamilton, O., Saturday, following the Pennsylvania railroad accident, in which she was bruised. Her hair was perfectly white. But her fears were alleviated when Mie shook herself. A cloud of talcum powder, thrown over her from someone's vanity case during the wreck, was the cause of the sudden snow. LOWER VEGETABLES PRICES PREDICTED IN N. Y. (By Associated Press) NEW YORK, May 25. Lower prices for vegetables and fruit in New York were predicted today by Dr. F. H. Porter, state, commissioner of foods and markets. He based his prophecy on the sudden drop yesterday in wholesale prices in these commodities. Trains from the west and south t rough t In record shipments.

Light Plant Examiners To File Reports For Council Before Its Next Meeting The engineers and accountants who have been investigating the nqeds and the financial condition of the municipal light plant were instructed Tuesday by the board of works to prepare their reports in final shape in order that they might be presented to the city council at its meeting next Monday night, May 31. No steps will be taken to prepare a petition to file before the public service commission until council has

had an opportunity to discuss the report of Benjamin Perk, who claims that the light company must raise its rates in order to avoid a deficit in 1920. BRYAN IS AGAINST ARMENIAN MANDATE: CONGRESS IS COOL (By Associated Press WASHINGTON. D. C, May 25. William Jennings Bryan took flat issue today with President Wilson on the question of an American mandate over Armenia, declaring in a statement that "any mandate is impossible." The United States, Mr. Bryan said, could do more toward making the world safe for democracy, "even for democracy in Armenia," by recognizing the Armenian republic and entering the league -of nations "as the friend of all. little countries." Authority to accept mandate was asked of congress Monday by President Wilson. The executive said he was conscious that he was urging "a very critical choice," but that he did so "in the earnest belief that it will be the wish of the people of the United States that this should be done." Message Not Discussed The president's message was read In both house and senate, but was dls cussed in neither. Each house referred it to Its committee on foreign relations and there was no indication when either commit tee would take it up. Some Republican leaders in the senate predicted privately that the measure would lie in the senate committee indefinitely. Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, the Republican leader and chairman of the committee, had no comment to make on the executive's recommendations. In the past, however, he has declared emphatically his opposition to a mandate. SHERMAN ATTACKS SOLDIER RELIEF BILL : (By Assoclatetf-PreBsy" WASHINGTON. D. C, May 25. Senator Sherman, Republican, Illinois, speaking today In the senate denounced the proposed soldier relief bill as "a disgraceful deterioration of the patriotism of the great country. If the impelling aim of the American Legion is to loot the federal treasury," he said, "it is a disgraceful organization. Senator Sherman declared that for 20 years he had never allowed the American Federation of Labor to dictate to him, and that he did not in.-. tend to permit the legion to do so. Thin Air Takes Place Of Bergdoll; Army on Hunt (By Associated Press) PHILADELPHIA, May 25. Military authorities, department of justice agents, and the local police, all of whom are investigating the escape of G rover C. Bergdon from army guards here last Friday, apparently had mfle but little headway today so far as fixing responsibility or of obtaining a clue to the fugitives whereabouts are concerned. Colonel Thomas Q. Donaldson of the Inspector general's department, and Captain John O'Hare of the military intelligence department who have charge of the local angles of the war department's inquiry, questioned D. Clarence Gibboney in the office of the United States attorney, McAvoy last right, but what they learned was not revealed. Mr. McAvoy in a statement said the army officers are making the investigation for army purposes only i.ud that the matter is entirely in the hands of the department. Johnson Still Holds the Lead (By Associated Press) PORTLAND, Ore., May 25. A lead of 955 votes by Senator Hiram W. Johnson over Major General Leonard Wood in the Oregon Republican presi dentiol preference contest was shown in the tabulation today by the Portland Oregonian. The Oregonian estimated that not more than 3.000 votes cast Friday remained to be tabulated. Martens Hearing Postponed (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, D. C, May 25. Hearings on deportation proceedings against Ludwig C. A. K. Martens .soviet agent in the United States, scheduled for resumption today, have been postponed until June 8. Delay was granted on request of counsel for Martens. Liberty's Population is 1922 WASHINGTON, D. C, May 25. Population figures for 1920 announced today by the Bureau of Census Included Liberty, Ind.. 1,922; decrease 46 or 3 4-10 per cent; Delphi. 2,037; decrease 74 or 3 4-10 per cent. PEACE ADVOCATES ARE IN SESSION AT BASLE (By Associated Press) BERNE, Switzerland, May 25. Delegates of the International Union of peace societies are in session at Basle for the first time since 1914, representatives of societies in Englaii France, the United States, Germany, Austria, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Switzerland being present. The purpose of the meeting is to reorganize the international pacifist movement after the Interruption occasioned by the war and to consider the league of nations question.

VILLA TAKES FIELD AGAIN; HEARTA HEAD Governor of Sonora Named by Mexican Congress Carr i r i

ranzas Dody Buried in Mexico City Cemetery. SUICIDE IS NOW DENIED (By Associated Press) EL PASO Tpv Francisco Villa, bidding defiance to me newest Mexican government, again has become an outlaw amone his own people. The bandit with a small force of men was reported today between Parral and Jimenez Chihauhan. t.h hunted quarry of de facto troops with a price or iuo.000 pesos on his head. MEXICO CITY. May 25 In accordance with his oft-repeated request, President Venustiano Carranza, slain last Thursday morning at Tlaxcalantongo, was buried late yesterday in Dolores cemetery, where in the shadow of Chapultepec, the poorest of Mexicans have for many years found their last resting places. As the funeral cortege left the home ot the late chief executive the extracrdinary session of congress was being called to order to choose a president ad interim, to hold office until a new president, to be elected Sept. 5, is inaugurated. Adolfo de La Huerta. Governor of the state of Sonora, was named after congress had been in session for a hour and half. The body of the slain president arrived in Mexico City 5:30 yesterday morning and was taken to the family home, being escorted by soldiers and a delegation from the diplomatic corps. Later the body lay in state until the hour of the funeral, thousands passing before 'the casket to look upon the face of the man who was nunea from power by revolution and whose death occurred under circumstances that await explanation. Says It Was Suicide Colonel Adolfo Herrero, leader of the revolutionary forces, on whom has been placed responsibility for the death of Carranza, has telegraphed to army authorities here that the president committed suicide rather than surrender. He declares he joined the forces of General Manuel Pelaez, after recognizing the "plan of Augua Prleta," under which the revolution was conducted, and attempted to capture the fugitive j president who had fled "from tne battieneld at San Andres when he realized his attempt to cut his way tnrougn to tne coast had been defeated. VERA CRUZ. Mav 25 Rpnortn nf an autopsy performed on the body of Venustiano Carranza at Tlaxcalantongo fail to agree with the claim of Rodolfo Herrero that the President committed suicide rather than be taken cantive. it is asserted In offi cial quarters here. Surgeons who conducted the autopsy, it is declared, found Carranza had been struck bv two riflA of which penetrated his breast and tne otner fcis abdomen. The bullets entered from in front and it wa th conclusion Of those who wltnosaprl the operation that the president had Deen assassinated, It is said. WASHINGTON, D. C, May 25 Representatives of revolutlonarv forces did not attend the funeral of Venustiano Carranza at Mexico Cltv. according to a report received at the state department today from the American embassy in the Mexican capital. No official honors were accorded the late president. Election of Adolfo de la Huerta president ad interim also was reported to the state depart ment today. BOLSHEVIKI DRIVEN BACK, POLES CLAIM (By Associated Press) WARSAW, May 25. Bolsheviki troops which succeeded in crossing the upper Beresina in several places, have been driven back across the river with great losses, including more than 400 persons, according to an official statement issued here today. The enemy is attacking along the entire northern Polish front, but have been checked everywhere, it is declared. Fighting continues along the whole front and the Bolsheviki have brought up the largest number of troops ever faced by the Poles. Sixteen divisions have thus far been identified as taking part In the struggle. Frank Waidele Head Of St. Joseph's Association Frank Waidel was elected president of St. Joseph's Beneolent society at the dinner meeting held In St. Andrew's hall Monday night. Other elections are: Henry Torbeck, vicepresident; Joseph Hoch, recording secretary; Edward Balling, rlnancial secretary, and Anthony Stever, treasurer. The meeting was held as part of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the organization in Richmond. The Rev. Clement Zepf spoke on the progress of the order. The Rev. F, A. Roell spoke on the organization, and on the Catholic school system. START OUT TO CUT DOWN SUGAR PRICE NEW YORK, May 25 An investigation of the sugar market for the purpose of remedying conditions and obtaining an equitable distribution, even if it befat the expense of some of the non-essential industries, was under iway today before Arnim W. Riley, special assistant to Attorney-General Palmer, ,

At Work on Republican "Platform" -

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Carpenters Getting Chicago Coliseum in Readiness For G. O. P. Convention and (inset) Secretary Henley

While the Republican leaders in Washington are trying to frame a platform that will appeal to the voters, they have not got ahead of Manager Charles H. Hall, of the Chicgo Coliseum, who has more than 50 carpenters at work at the Coliseum building. Secretary Henley, of the Republican convention committee, reports that the work of preparing the big convention hall is going forward most satisfactorily. The above photo shows Henley hard at work, at his desk.

Plans For Healthy Deflation Laid Before Committee by Gov. Harding

(By Associated Press) ' WASHINGTON, May 25. Economy in individual expenditures, reduction of non-essential loans by banks, increased production and better transportation are needed to reduce the cost of living and deflate credits, G6vernor Harding, of the federal reserve board declared today in responding to a senate resolution. The board is not prepared to define what are essential loans, Governor Harding stated. This, he said, is a problem for local bankers familiar with local needs. Governor Harding's letter, presented to the senate today by Vice-president Marshall, came In response to the resolution of Senator McCormick, RepuMfeaai-Himenrwioptea recently, requesting information regarding what steps the board contemplated "to meet the existing inflation of currency and credits and consequent high prices" and what measures were proposed to mobolize credits for movement of the 1920 crop. Market Old Crop First. "The board is convinced," Governor Harding continued, "that if the unsold portions of last year's crops can be brought to market before the new market matures, the liquidation of credits which are now tied up in carrying the old crops, will be sufficient Thought It Was Raid; Was Just Playful Pals Trying To Cut Line With Lead He was one of the city's firemen. He had been on duty 24 hours a day for six days. All week he had been praying for fair weather on Monday and had been patting his fishing rod affectionately, Monday afternoon found him hiking to Thistlethwaite'J pond 'loaded for bass. An hour's patient fishing brought no results, and he was beginning to nod over his pole when the crack of a rifle jerked him to his feet and something whizzed past his fishing line. Bullets began to be as thick as he hoped the fish would be, With visions of murder in his brain, he began investigation and found the chief of the fire department and the chief of police on the opposite bank ing line into bits with a rifle. Wife Repeats Long List Of Cruelties; Asks Divorce Evidence was not finished Tuesday in circuit court in the divorce case of Anna Blue against Francis Marion Blue, both of Center township. The case will be continued Friday. Mrs. Blue alleged Tuesday that her husband forced her to cut fodder, and refused to let her speak to her mother for a year. She was forced to cut all the wood she had to burn in the winter, according to her allegations. Her husband, she said, would "lay off a few days every week or so," and before they separated "had not worked a whole day for a week." He was in good health and able to work, she said. On numerous occasions the defendant "cursed and struck" her, she alleged. In s. fit of anger he burned their marriage license shortly before their separation, she further alleged. Methodist Trustees May Meet on Sunday, Ruling (By Associated Press) DES MOINES, la.. May 25 Nearly all standing committees of the Meth odist Episcopal general conference had completed their work today and a mass of reports is now awaiting action. Reports of 75 committees have been disposed of and there remain about two hundred the majority of which had been printed and are in the hands of the delegates. The committee on judiciary has filed a report holding that inasmuch as in most states all business except judicial decisions is legal if done on Sunday, therefore the church may transact the business of selecting trustees on Sunday except in places where this is specifically forbidden by law.

to offset to a considerable degree the credit demands in moving the crop of 1920." In the efforts to reduce non-essential loans, Goernor Harding said banks were cautioned against drastic curtailments and advised to seek gradual liquidation and to grant loans stimulating essential production. The problem of the banking system of the country he continued, "is to check further expansion and to bring about a normal and healthy liquidation without curtailing essential production and -without shock to industry and legitimate commerce." ONE-THIRD MARK IS REACHED IN Y DRIVE; HOPE IS FOR $30,000 Satisfactory figures and optimism marked the end of the first day's campaign b ythe Y. M. C. A. for its goal of $15,000. The sum of $3,067 was reported at the noon luncheon Monday. "This does not mean," said Secretary Carlander, "that subscribers to the fund should lesson the amount they intend to give, as indications point to the possibility of doubling the $15,000 and wipe clean the slate of indebtedness now resting upon the institution. Several Richmond men have remarked that if an effort is made to clear all indebtedness, they will more that double the amount that they will give toward the present goal." The largest amount secured by any group was $2,775, reported by the executive committee. Team B-2, captained by the Rev. J. S. Hill, in the absence of the Rev. A. H. Backus, reported the largest number of subscriptions, $414; next came team A-l, headed by Robert Weichman, with $388; the team captained by W. L. Stump, is third with $2S0. A large bulletin board has been placed on the northeast corner of the "Y", on which the standings of the teams will be postpd daily. Another similar board has been placed in the gymnasium. The teams will meet Wednesday and Thursday noon, as tney di,j Tuesday, and make reports On Friday night a banquet will close the campaign. Harry Ray Post to Hear Final Reports on Drive Final reports of the committee in charge of the drive for new members staged last week by Harry Ray post of the American Legion, will bo made at the legion meeting, Wednesday night. The exact results of the drive are not yet known but it is estimated that more than 700 former service men enrolled in the local post during last week. Delegates and alternates to the state convention at Terre Haute, June 28 and 29, will be nominated Wcdnesday night. Abdomen Pierced by Board; Willis at Reid Hospital Charles L. Willis. 1214 North. F street, an employe of the Starr Piano company, is in a serious condition at Reid hospital as a result of an acci dent while at work Monday. Willis is an operator on a rip-saw and a narrow strip from a board "kicked" from the saw penetrated his abdomen. He was rushed to Reid hospital, where it was found his bowels had been punctured. An operation was performed. Dr. F. W. Krouger, attending physician, says Willis is not out of danger but is expected to recover. Coal for 7000 Years, Darling CHICAGO, 111., May 25 The United States is in no danger of exhausting its coal supplies in the near future, for about 7,000 years' supply is available. S. M. Darling of the bureau of mines told the 12th annual convention of International Railway Fuel Association here today.

WILLARD EXPECTS TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF U. S. RAILROADS (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, D. C, May 25. Railroads of the country expect to show increased efficiency and reduced expenses under private operation, Dan iel Willard, president of the Baltimore and Ohio, said today at hearings before the interstate commerce commission on the application of the carriers for freight rate increases of more than $1,000,000,000 to meet the guaranteed annual return of six per cent. For a period Mr. Willard said, demands of greater service would effect savings in expenses, and that the tendency would be eventually to increase the volume of traffic on the jroads, but not this year. WASHINGTON, May 25. Reports to the interstate commerce commission today from its agents throughout the country showed a continued but slow improvement in the railway freight congestion suggestion. Members of the commission expressed belief that the peak of the congestion had passed and in support of this cited the report of the American railway association car service commission which showed a reduction in the number of cars tied up from 269.000 on April 24, to less than 170,000. In the meantime there was no let-up in efforts of the government and railway officials to combat the jam and hasten restoration of normal traffic conditions. DANIELS-FISKE FEUD FLARING UP AGAIN (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, D. C. May 25 The old controversy between Secretary Daniels and Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was revived today before the senate committee invstigating the navy's conduct of the war. Chairman Hale gave notice that Admiral Fiske would be called to reply to charges made by Daniels under cross examination by the chairman that the admiral had sought to "Prussianize" the navy. Daniels said the summoning of Admiral Fiske would be satisfactory to him but that he would insist upon an opportunity to arpear before the committee again after the admiral had testified. STRAIN ON CREDITS IS PASSING, SAYS BANKER (By Associated Press) CHICAGO, May 25. The peak of the strain on bank credit has passed in the east and is passing in the west, in the opinion of James B. Forgan, prominent Chicago banker. A growing spirit of co-operation between bankers, manufacturers and merchants throughout the country, Mr. Forgan said today, on his return from the bankers' conference at Washington, is lessening the strain on credit throughout the country. Weather Forecast For Indiana, by the United States Weather Bureau Generally fair tonight and Wednesday; little change in temperature. Temperatures Yesterday Maximum 73 Minimum 61 Today Noon 63 For Wayne County, by W. E. Moore Partly cloudy and somewhat- unsettled tonight and Wednesday; fair at intervals. General ponditions The weather remains unsettled in much of the Mis'sissippi valley, with showers over portions or jnaiana, Illinois ana unio, but mostly light. The temperatures remain high over the western plain states and below normal over the far west. Temperatures are near freezing in parts of Idaho and Utah. Baker City, Ore., reports 28 above zero as the minimum, while it is from 75 to 80 over Nebraska and South Dakota.

IWAY HAVE TO IMPORT FOOD, WARNS HOOVER Former , Food Administrator Says Buck of Deflation Will Be Passed to Farmer by Skillful Middleman. ADVOCATECOMMISSION

(Bv Associated Press) WASHINGTON. May 25. Decrease m agriculture production may result in this country becoming dependent on overseas food supplies Herbert Hoover declared today in a letter to Repre. sentative Riddick. Republican, Montana, setting forth the former food administrator's views as to practical measures to insure better returns to the fanner for his labor and invest- ' nient. Deploring the absence of a constructive agriculture readjustment, Mr., Hoover advocates the creation of a commission composed of highly trained farmers and skilled economists and financial experts to consider the cause and remedy for the situation. Asserting that present hign prices of commodities will "sooner or later decrease," Mr. Hoover said "this deflation inert not begin on the farmer.' Far:icrs to Bear Brunt. Shortage in production outside the United Staf:. .wild extravagance and misuse of extend-Hi credits for speculation and prolitcci in?; and non-essential production are contributing ractors in the present inflated prices, he wrote. With the collapse, he predicted intermediate dealers will be ame to pass the greater portion to the back of the farmer, no matter how carefully handled. "War deterioration in our transportation facilities has created periodic strictures in the free flow of food from the farm to the consumer" the letter stated. "This has compelled the consumer to buy during a local shortage and the farmer to sell his product during a local glut. The continued inflation of credits since the armistice has extended speculation and profiteering by expanding the borrowing facilities to any food distributor who wanted to Indulge such practices and has widened the margin between the farmer and his market, likewise increasing the price of supplies that the farmer must." The burden of taxation is wrongly distributed. Mr. Hoover declared, pointing out that, the excess profits tax "is as appointment to food manufacturers and distributors to collect taxes for the government by adding them to the margin between the farmer and the market. Criticizes Market System. The whole marketing system is many of our commodities Is indirect, expensive, wasteful, obsolete and Increased the margin unduly." he continued. 'Our manufacturing industries have developed out of pace with our agriculture and labor is being drawn in thousands from the farm to the town at wages with which the farmer cannot contend." A commission studying the whole situation, Mr. Hoover declared, "would deal with these things with the same common sense with which similar commissions of farmers met the economic problems of the food administration during the war with equal consideration for farmer, distributor! and consumer." For Use in Fighting Gas Company's Rate Petition The city has employed an expert accountant to go over the books of the Richmond Light. Heat and Power company Immediately after the Public Service commission makes an inventory of the gas company's property. The commission is expected to make the inventory June 15. The Coffield and Herdrich company has been given the contract and the actual work of investigation probably will be done by Benjamin Perk, who is at present going over the books of the municipal light plant The gas company recently asked for a re-valuation of property and a revision of rates. The property of the plant has not been appraised since 1915 and the gas company is asking for a re-valuation in order that tho estimate of their investment may be raised and a seven per cent return collected upon the new valuation. The city council decided to "fight to a finish" the gas company's petition for higher rates. Mr. Perk will make his investigations on behalf of , the city in order that data may be collected for use In the bearing before the Public Service commission. Dividend Hon Menace Shaw v (By Associated Press) BOSTON, May 25 William Shaw, general secretary of the United Society of Christian Endeavor and publisher of the Christian Endeavor World, said In an address to the Pilgrim publicity association today that the greatest menace to the industrial life of America "is the director who enriches himself and his fellow stockholders by voting stock dividends based on exorbitant prices for products." FRANCE TAXES FRENCH HENRIES ALMOST OUT OF EXISTENCE PARIS. May 25. Adoption by the chamber of deputies of a provision in the tax bill placing levies totalling 951 francs on small cars, has doomed automobiles as luxuries in the opinion of owners of machines in this city. Efforts are being made to induce the Senate to change the bill in this respect, but there is little hope of success. In addition owners of machines pay indirect taxes on gasoline which even for cars driven an average of 20 miles per day, amount to 1,000 francs annually.