Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 45, Number 110, 19 March 1920 — Page 1

RICHMOND PAIXATDIfirMr

t4 VOL. XLVNO. 110 Palladium, Est. 1831. Consolidated with Sun-Telegram 1907. RICHMOND, IND.. FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 19, 1920 SINGLE COPY 3 CENTS

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EBERT'S

MEN

GRIP BERLIN; KAPP FLEES Excitement and Turmoil Con tinue in Wrenched Republic Soviet Movement Not Gaining Momentum is Belief REORGANIZE. DEMAND

(By Associated Press) Berlin is still under the rule of bayonets but troops loyal to the Ebert government patrol the streets. Forces which supported the regime set up last Saturday by Dr. Wolfgang Kapp and his followers left Berlin yesterday. Withdrawal of these soldiers, however, left chaos behind as the rear fcuard turned against Jeering crowds in Under den Linden and fired, many citizens being killed and scores wounded. More bloodshed 'occurred near the parliament buildings, while in C'harlottenburg and other suburbs clashed resulted in loss of life. While radical elements have not made organized attacks on the capital, economic conditions are described as .' perious. The resumption of power by the constitutional government is opposed by those who believe it bargained with the reactionary leaders who tried to seize control, and there seems to be an urgent demand for a reorganization of the ministry, and changes in policy in important particulars. Soviets Formed, Claim. Reports from Germany outside of Berlin are of such a character that a clear view of the situation is hard to obtain at present. While it is said poviets have been firmer in a number of important towns and cities and in Industrial districts, It does not appear the movemnt is gaining 'momentum. Communist sympathizers seem to have met with stern opposition at many points. While statements have been issued in Stuttgart by the Ebert government that there were no negotiations of any nature with the Kapp regime in Berlin and that a compromise of any kind was out of the question, the developments here regarding the formation v of a new cabinet would make it appear that the chief demands made by the Kapp interests have been virtual-, ly agreed to. Experts Are Demanded There appears to be little doubt for instance, that a cabinet reorganization has been decided upon. In addition to the prospective change in the ministry of defense eliminating Gustav Noske, who as a TCtvfUan. is contended to be unqualified for the handling of the nation's military forces, the forecasts are that other ministers are also to be of the "expert" type, which was one of the Kapp demands, according to a sr statement made by the party leaders after Wednesday's conference hero.

LONDON, March 19. Hundreds of persons have been killed in the mining districts of Germany in collisions between miners and troopers, it is declared in reports from Germany received from Copenhagen, the Central News correspondent in that city telegraphs. General Von Luettwitz is reported to have left Berlin by airplane, and it was impossible to arrest him while the iron division was in the city, says a Berlin dispatch to the Exchange telegraph company. In fact, the dispatch says, it is not known whether orders for the arrest of Luettwitz or D". Wolfgang Kapp, chancellor of the reactionary government were ever jissued. STUTTGART, March 19. Fifty persons were killed at Dresden in a sudden clash between a student organization and a mob.according to the story of a witness who has arrived here. At Frankfort 80 persons have been Tiillod in recent disorders and several hundred wounded have reached the hospitals. In addition a number of injured are drifting into first aid stations which it has beon necessary to establish throughout the city. STUTTGART, March 19 Officials of the Ebert government of Germany, and members of the National assembly plan to return to Berlin Saturday believing by that time conditions at the capital will be normal. Reports received here today stated communist uprising in the vicinity of Berlin had boon suppressed. It is hoped to establish railroad communication between Stuttgart and Berlin tomorrow. Hear Details of Disorder. Details of the disorders in Berlin, while the Kappist troops were withdrawing, during which the crowds were fired upon were reported to government officials by telephone today. It was sai.l that although the general strike was still continuing at the capital, a new crisis was not feared as socialist leaders had promised officials that as soon as the Kappist troops had left order would be given for a resumption of work. Soldiers to be Given Amnesty. Decision has been reached to grant amnesty to the soldiers who took part in the revolt last Saturday but to prosecute the leaders of the movement. Reports made by loyal officials indicate the troops involved in the uprising numbered from 40,000 to 50,000, a0i it was thought best to get them out of Berlin before attempting to apprehend any of the leaders. Some members of the Ebert ministry were in favor of taking drastic teps against all who participated in the revolt but there is strong sentiment In favor of confirming arrests to the principal figures in the abortive revolution. FLOODS THREATEN CINCY (By Associated Press) CINCINNATI, March 19. People living tn the lowlands on the outskirts Of Cincinnati are preparing to move, to Vscape flood waters of the Ohio river.

Wilson Alone Can

American Army of Occupation taken

Marshal Foch has no authority over the small American army of occupation which, under command of Major General Henry T. Allen, is holding the Coblenz bridgehead. General Allen is co-operating with the British and French commander on the Rhine, but only President Wilson has authority to direct him to send his forces further into Germany than the line marked off by the terms of the armistice. The reason for this is that the United States is still, technically at war with Germany. .

Retiring Soldiers Shoot Back Into Berlin Crowd; City Powder -Ban el

(By Associated Press) LONDON, March 19. All Germany with the exception of the Southern states is rebellious, and Berlin is ' a "barrel of gun powder which may be ignited at any time," says a Berlin dispatch to the Exchange Telegraph company filed at Berlin yesterday. The dispatch describes the withdrawal from Berlin of the Iron -division and naval brigades, which marched down Unter den Linden at 4j30 o'clock yesterday afternoon in the midst of a pouring rain. Crowds the majority of which were extremist radical workers, looked on as company after company filed down the street in the direction of the Brandenburg gate on their way to Doeberitz. Rifles Ready to Fire. "The soldiers marched to the accompaniment of drums and with Prussian banners flying," the message says. "They were armed, carrying their rifles ready to fire and with their fingers on the triggers. Their behavior could not have been more provocative. Workers standing on the sidewalks seemed boiling with excitement and none could understand why the troops had been permitted NEW WAR, PURPOSE OF REVOLT-BAUER (By Associated Press) BERNE, Marchc 19. Chancellor Bauer caused a sensation at yesterday's sitting of the German national assembly at Stuttgart, when he revealed the conditions presented the government by Dr. Wolfgang Kapp and General Von Luettwitz. before they entered Berlin last Saturday morning. N "They wished to prepare for a war of revenge and plunge the country into another catoclysm, cried the chancellor. "Pitiless punishment must come to these offenders; their fortunes must be seized and they must be tried before the supreme court at Leipsic." Philipp Scheidemann. leader of the Majority Socialists; Herr Burlage of the Center party, Herr Kron of the German Nationalists and Herr Becker of the People's party, are unanimous in their condemnation of the attempted revolution, according to advices received here. Weather Forecast For Indiana, by the United States Weather Bureau Fair in south; snow in central and north portions tonight Colder Saturday; fair and colder in south portion. Yesterday. Maximum 44 Minimum 20 Today. Noon .' 48 For Wayne County, by W. E. Moore Partly cloudy tonight and Saturday. Occasional rains and snow; colder this afternoon, probably changing to snow by night with strong shifting winds. General Conditions The Rocky Mountain storm which has caused rain and warmer weather over Indiana is moving rapidly eastward and colder weather is following wijh temperatures going below freezing tonight and possibly before. The weather is clearing over the west. while another storm is developing ver the northwest. The present storm was quite severe in parts of Colorado, with heavy rain east of the Rocky Mountains except over the north wbre it was snow.

Direct U. S. Forces Further

' $JZT: J

during a review near Colzenz; Major General Henry T. Allen, and view of Coblenz and the Rhine.

Ito withdraw without giving up their arms. Few believed they would keep their promise to disarm at Doeberitz. "Many soldiers smiled mockingly at the crowd as though saying: 'Wait a while; we Bhall . return.' .This -in creased the antagonism of the spectators many of whom shouted, whistled and catcalled, while others hurled aucIi'-eprteta-scoundrel9;' 'beasts' and 'swine at the soldiers, who responded with, contemptuous looks as they handled their grenades menacingly. Women Approve Parade. "From the hotel Adlon, elegantly dressed women waved their handkerchiefs at the soldiers, this raising to a white heat the anger of the workers. They suddenly made a rush toContinued on Page Twelve 2,100 LEAGUE BALL BUTTONS APE SOLD The prospect of Richmond again becoming identified with organized baseball brightened Friday when a field committee of five business men began an actual canvass of business firms for the sale of booster buttons. Agencies that would guarantee a minimum of $100 only were solicited, and at noon $2,100 had been pledged with less than one-fifth of prospective agencies being solicited. The committee continued its work throughout the day. The total sum necessary to place baseball on a firm financial footing for this and succeeding years, as well as liquidating the already existing indebtness on the park, approximates $15,000. Time Is Very Short. Because of the fact that the time for the preliminary organization is very short, the committee must ascertain definitely within the next three or lour days just what the support is to be. According to a member in the work there is every indication now that it will succeed. Practically every manufacturing establishment in the city has indicated its willingness to support the project and all will be visited by a special committee within the next few days. The booster buttons will be in the hands of the committee next week and will be placed on sale by the various guaranty agencies. Embargo Placed on List , Freight Cars by Pennsy Embargo on list cars r mixed cars loaded at the freight house of the Pennsylvania railroad Friday caused by the acute shortage, was announced Friday. The great number of cars that tied up because of inability properly to handle the freight. "Strikes of freight handlers and a shortage in building, are given as reasons for the shortage. Freight shipments have increased enormously. Officials hope for a re-adjustment of the situation soon. Mortgage Exemptions Mast Be Filed Soon Affidavits for mortgage-exemptions on 1920 assessments, payable in 1921, must be filed with the county auditor during March and April, Howard Brooks, county auditor, said Friday. All real estate owners ' having mortgages on their property are entitled to exemption, not exceeding $1,000, the maximum amount of exemption allowed by the state statute, said Brooks. Exemptions are being

filed with the auditor as rapidly as in former years.. V

Into Germany

NEWBERRY JURY IS DECIDING VERDICT (By Associated Press) GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., March 19 The jury charged with deciding the innocence or guilt of Truman H. New-

berry and 84 co-defendants on trial A president, secretary, treasurer, here for eight weeks for alleged vio-! three" members to the board of directlation of the election laws, resumed . ors. an(i two -delegates and alternates

its deliberations at 9 o'clock this morning. The casewas. passed to the jurors, late yesterday and an hour later they were excused for the night by Judge Clarence W. Sessions. Owing to the large number of defendants and various verdicts that might be returned, there was much speculation as to the amount of time the jurors might require for their decision. Two Counts Still Remain Of the six counts in the indictment, only two remained the first, charging criminal conspiracy to procure the nomination and election of. Newberry in violation of state and federal election laws, and the sixth, charging use of the mails to defraud. In instructing the jury, Judge Sessions said verdicts of guilty or not guilty on either or both of the counts might be brought in as to all the defendants, but that a return on each of the defendants would be necessary if the verdict differed as to individuals. County Conference of Church Movement Planned April 6th Wayne county conference of the Interchurch World Movement is to be held in Richmond on April 6. The various departments of activity of the movement are to be taken up by leaders. The Wayne county conference Is one of the series of conferences plan

ned to reach nracticallv Pverv rm,ntum"- lur lue emocrauc presidential

in the state on April 6. 7, 8 and j The state has been divided into din- ' tricts of four counties each for the conference scries. Teams of leaders j are to present the departmental work. The Wayne county meeting is the first of a series of four meetings to ' be held in this and adjoining counties under leadership of one team of; leaders. It is planned that the financial cajnpencil piciii int.- ui j ui tuc suivfy up- j partment and the four departments of activity of the field department of: the movement: Life Enlistment, Evan-j geiism, saiewara.-nip ana spiritual uesources will be presented. The conference is to be held under the auspices of the Church Federation. Old Man Winter, Groggy, To Deliver Feeble Wallop Once again, says Weatherman Moore, old man 'winter will stage a short comeback. His efforts are getting feebler every trip, however, and the cold snap that is due here tonight or Saturday will only last from 12 to 24 hours. Snow, and high blustery winds are a part of the offering, but after the short snap of colder weather, warm, springlike breezes are again slated, Moore said Friday. Friday morning's fog was the heaviest seen here this year. The soggyblanket completely hid objects a half block away, and a heavy mist made umbrellas useless. "IMPERATOR" IS CRIPPLED. (By Associated Press) SOUTHHAMPTON. England, March j 10. The steamship Imperator, which ! arrived from New York Thursday ! morning, will have to be again overhauled, although this is Only her second Atlantic trip under her new management. Her next sailing has been ,' canceled. It is stated that the Imperator has not yet been relieved of j the list which was observed on her last voyagft.

U.S. PROTESTS SALE

OF HUNS' PROPERTY; -ENGLAND IS NAMED (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON. March 19. "Strong remonstrances" have been made by the American government against rulings of the allied reparation commission that under the peace treaty, sale of certain German property in neutral countries, can be forced, if necessary, to satisfy the initial payment of the German indemnity. Under Secretary of State Polk . of the state department, writing today to Senator Henderson, Democrat, of Nevada, said: "A further protest" was in preparation, as such a construction of the treaty was contrary to an offic ial interpretation exchanged between Germany and the allied powers. Mr. Polk's letter was in response to an inquiry by Senator Henderson regarding reports that Great Britain had requested that German property and all rights of German citizens in electrical enterprises in South America be taken over by the commission and subsequently transferred to Great Britain as part of the indemnity due It by Germany. EACH TAXPAYER HAS $495, REPORT SHOWS Each Wayne county taxpayer has approximately $495 in cash, according to an average compiled by assessments up to March 15, made public Friday. A total of $87,151 in money was listed p.gainst 176 tax payers.

The averages are in general higher the recently cultivated fields and rethan ever before. They follow: j ports from some places said the sun Number Value Ave. ; was obscured for hours.

Horses, mules,. . 668 $66,885 $100.12. Cattle 1,214 Hogs 3,284 Sheep 742 66,133 54.00 : 54,924 16.72 8,905 12.00 147,505 SCI. 53 ; 27,022 135.11 ! 168,368 113.15 87,151 495.00 5,070 253.50 J I Automobiles ... 408 Farm Tools . . . 200 ! Furniture 1,448 Money 176 Banks 20 Building, Loan, Stock 2 Merchandise .. 91 1,300 112,727 650.00 1.23S.75 T. P. A. to Celebrate 25th Anniversary; Kramer is Selected for President The twenty-fifth annual election of officers for Post C of the Travelers' Protective association will take place in the club rooms Saturday night. Two ; complete tickets, red and blue, are in I the field. to the national convention in June at Portland, Oregon, areto be elected. C. H. Kramer, has been selected by both tickets as choice for president. O. H. Gable and E. K. Quigg are the i nominees for secretary. The secretary forms a third delegate to the national convention. In addition to this list of nominees, 13 chairmen of committees are to be elected. March 27 will mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the post, and in addition to the installation of officers elected Saturday, a special program is being planned. The post is in the most flourishing condition of its history, 510 men being members. Efforts w ill be made during the next twro months to increase the membership to 550. This number will entitle the post to an additional delegate to the national convention. C. O. Tooker will sing several popular songs at the election Saturday. Presidential Bee Buzzes Around Hitchcock; It Not Brushed Off by Senator (By Associated Pressj WASHINGTON, March 19 Senator Hitchcock of Nebraska, Democrat leader in Nebraska, declined today to comment on reports that his telegram to a Democratic dinner at Omaha, Nebraska, on March 11, was to be regarded as an announcement of his cannomination on a wet platform.

The telegram. Senator Hitchcock I subject of extensive hearings by the said, spoke for itself, as setting forth senate foreign relations committee, his opinion on the liquor issue for his j was favorably reported today by the friends in Nebraska, where an attack i committee without a record vote, had been made on him as a result of! The committees report was regardthe filing of petitions to pledge the d as forecasting favorable action' by state delegation to support him fori the senate, although it was indicated

the presidency. j Baltimore NegTO Captured After 3-Hours' Battle (By Associated Press)

BALTIMORE, March 19. Riddled preceded the committee's decision, by shots and probably mortally wound- j There was said to have been a gened, an unidentified negro was captured j erai agreement that Mr. Colby's state-

by police reserves early this morning after a desperate three hour battle from a barricaded house. Two policemen were wounded In the fracas, and another negro, mistaken for the hunted man, was shot three times by policemen and beaten by a mob before it was learned that he was not the man sought. The trouble started in the theatrical district when two negroes engaged in a fight. Lyons, Held in Muncie May Be Wanted Here Clarence Lyons, arrested by police in Muncie Thursday, on a charge of forgery, is believed to be the man guilty of passing several bad checks in Richmond by police here. When arrested by Muncie police Lyons is said to have had a small typewriter, rubber stamps an-i other equipment necessary to make checks in his possession, Richmond police were advised. In all probability a Richmond official will go to Muncie. WOULD ELECT JUDGES ' BY PEOPLE'S DIRECT VOTE (liy Associated Pressi WASHINGTON, March 19 A resolution proposing a constitutional amendment for the direct election of federal judges was introduced today by Senator LaFollette, Republican of Wisconsin. It was referred to the ludieiarv committeA.

Wayne Will Need 45S Men to Handle Elections; Hard to Find, Report Wayne county will need 455 men to man the election boards for the 1920 primaries and election, W. H. Brooks, county auditor, said Friday, with seven men to a precinct. Each precinct board is composed of an inspector, two judges, two clerks, and two iherThe county is expected to experience the same difficulty this year in getting men enough to handle the elections as it has in former years, as it always has been hard to get 455 qualified men to serve on boards. Some counties have made a practice of paying members of boards only for one day's service. It has always been customary in Wayne county to pay all members of the board, with the exception of the inspector, for two days' work at $3 a day, at both the primaries and the election. The inspector receives three days' pay, or $9.

SOUTHWEST BURIED UNDER DUST STORM (By Associated Press) CHICAGO, March 19. Terrific sand and dust storms continued today in the southwest, with conditions changing to a blizzard in the northwest. Only in the eastern Rocky Mountain region, which suffered heavily yesterday from a wind which blew from 47 to 100 miles an hour, was a return to nearly normal conditions reported. In the southwest, principally Kansas, much damage was reported to newly planted wheat and wire communication was impaired seriously. The winds swept up vast volumes of dust from In Topeka, Kas., and Kansas City, Mo., minor property damage was reported and several persons were injured by falling signs, trees and cornices. Sleet and snow were driven by a furious wind in Iowa, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, those states reporting a storm equalling in intensity any of the winter. Considerable sleet fell in Iowa, while farther north wet snows prevailed, the wind piling it into huge drifts. Railroad and wire communication was handicapped. NEW CONTRACT BASED ON FINDING? (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, March 19. President Wilson expects the bituminous coal operators and miners to work their contracts for the new coal year beginning on April 1, on the basis of the majority report of the coal strike settlement commission. Attorney General Palmer said today after a conference with Secretary Tumulty, at the Whitehouse. Mr. Palmer said the minority report, made by John P. White, the miners' lepresentative, would be submitted "by the president along with the majority report, merely because it would have some bearing on the settlement reached at the proposed conference between the operators and miners. Hines Accompanies Him. " Mr. Palmer was accompanied to the White House by Walker D. Hines. head of the railroad administration, the purpose of the visit being to confer with Mr. Tumulty on the form to be followed by the president in making public the commissions findings. The attorney general said the president, in submitting the two report to the miners and operators would point out the points at issue for the consideration when they meet to arrange the new contracts. No date for such a meeting has yet been announced. COLBY NOMINATION FINALLY IS PASSED WASHINGTON. March 19. The nomination of Balnbridge Colby to be secretary of state which has been the that there probably would be consider able debate. Some Republican members of the committee, it was understood, gave notice that they would reserve liberty of action when the subject came up in the senate. OnlT? -I four miTiiitps of dtpnairin ment yesterday had made it unneceyssar to call additional witnesses. 60 YEARS A "DRY" (By Associated Press) NEW YORK, March 19. William Jennings Bryan celebrated his 60th birthday in New York today. He arrived here this morning from Washington to speak at a banquet to be given in his honor by friends at the Aldine club tonight. Census Statistics WASHINGTON, March 19. Population statistics for 1920 announced today by the census bureau included: Syracuse, N. Y 171,647; an increase of 34,398, or 23.1 per cent over 1910. Mason City. Ia., 20,065, increase, 8,835, or 78.7 per cent. Atlantic, la., 5.329, increase, 769, or 16.9 per cent. Wellington, Kas 7,048, Increase, 14, or 0.2 per cent. Syracuse ranked thirty-fourth among the cities in 1910 with 137.249 people, having increased 26.6 per cent in the decade. Its nearest rivals then were New Haven. Conn., with 133.60 : Binmingham, Ala., with 132.685, and Memphis, Tenn., with 131,105. The populations of those cities for 1920 hv not yet been hupoupctI.

SENATE READY

TO TURN DOWN TREATYAGAIN Reservation Preamble is Adopted as Vote Looms Nearer Sympathy for Ireland Affirmed in Session. FAILURE 1TEXPECTED (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, March 19. Preparing for a final vote on ratification of the peace treaty, the senate today adopted the modified ratification preamble, worked out in the bi-partisan conference, under which affirmative acceptancec of the reservations by the other powers would not be required. The preamble provides that failure on the part of the allied and associated powers , to make objections to said reservations and understandings prior to the deposit of ratification by the United States, shall be taken as a full and final acceptance of such reservations and understandings by 6aid powers." The preamble was offered by Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, and was accepted without a roll call. By a vote of 41 to 42. the senate refused to write into the preamble provision that the ratitication fahouhl not be binding unless the president deposited it within 90 days after the senate acted. Irreconcilables Vote For It Thex amendment was presented by Senator Brandegee, Republican, of Connecticut, and was supported by HS Republicans and Senators Reed, of Missouri, Shields of Tennessee, and Waslh of Massachusetts, Democrats, while Senators Cummins, of Iowa, Jones of Washington, and Townsend. of Michigan, Republicans, voted against it. Senator Brandegee argued that a "time limit" should be placed on thpresident's action and Senator Hitchcock, of Nebraska, suggested that it was improbable "that the treaty would get to the president, or , that lie would deposit it". Irish Fight Is On. Plans for perfecting the resolution yesterday had been swept aside by the bitter controversy the Irish qualifications, rivaling in some respects the long drawn out fight over the reservation to Article X, which was thrust forward unexpectedly in an unsuccessful effort at modification. Between the two, there was no time left for jother than minor questions. Despite the fact that the Democrats put forward and assisted in the adoption of the Irish reservation, seuate leaders said today thp lineup on final ratification was not changed and many predicted the treaty would fail to receive the necessary two-thirds majority. May Move to Reconsider. Tn that case, a motion to reconsider will be mad promptly, the Republicans hoping that some Democrats will give assent to thp pact after having recorded their objections to the reservations adopted by the majority. The final vote probably will not be reached until late tonight. After the Irish reservation was adopted last night over the protests of Senator Ix)dge, an attempt to modify the article 10 reservation was made by Senator Simmons. Democrat, North Carolina, who declared he could not vote for ratification otherwise. His substitute was voted down and the senate then reaffirmed its adoption of article 10. Lodge Changed Mind. In the course of the heated debate Senator Simmons charged that Senator Lodge had prevented a compromise by changing his mind twice when agreement was close. Senator Lodge served notice that there would be no further changes' in the reservations and that if the Democrats did not supply the votes necessary for ratification then the issue would be taken to the "tribunal of the American people." Odd Fellows May Charter Train for Big Meeting Plans are being made by Richmond members of the Odd Fellows lodge to charter a special train to Cincinnati on March 27, for the degree carnival of the lodge to be held there on that date. Under the plan of Whitewater lodc men, the train will leave Richmond and make stops at smaller towns enroute to pick up delegations from those towns. Ten candidates will be conferred with the second degree at the meeting of Whitewater lodge Friday night Further discussion of plans for the Cincinnati trip will also be made at the meeting. INLAND WATERWAYS ARE ADVOCATED BY TRAFFIC MEN (By Associated Ptess) ST. LOUIS, March 19. Comprehensive development of inland water transportation routes to meet the growing needs of the United States was advocated at the spring convention of the national industrial traffic league in the closing session here today. A conference report from the inland waters, and executive committees said this development is "a vital necessity" and that it "should be assised in every way." TOLSTOI'S NIECE ASKS AID IN CONSTANTINOPLE (By Associated Press) CONSTANTINOPLE, March 19. Countess -Marie Tolstoi, niece of the famous Russian author and phHoso pher who recently arrived here as --fugee from Odessa, applied on WeUnesfar to the American Red Cross for relief. The countess, who speaks perfect English, was at once placed on S staff of the red cross, the headquarters of which are on the Island of Proti, in the Prinkopos group, and will act si sn Interpreter