Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 45, Number 101, 9 March 1920 — Page 12

fAGE TWELVE

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM. TUESDAY, MARCH 9, 1920.

"RESERVATIONS" ARE NULLIFICATIONS, IS PRESIDENT'S BELIEF

President Wilson's letter of Monday evening, written In response to a request that he confer with Senator Simmons of North Carolina, In charge for the Democratic sido of the senate In current negotiations for a compromise, follows in full: "My Dear 8enator Hitchcock: "I understand that one of two of

your colleagues do me the honor of , desiring to know what my views are 1 with reference to Article 10 of the '

League of Nations, and the effect upon the league of the adoption of certain Itroposed reserrations to that article. I welcome the opportunity to throw any light upon a subject which has become so singularly beclouded by misapprehensions and mlslnterpre1 ations of every kind. "There Is no escaping the moral obligations which are expressed in positive terms in this article of the covenant. We won a moral victory over Germany far greater than even the military victory won on the field of brittle, because the opinion of the whole world swung to our support and the support-of tbe nations associated with us in tho great struggle. It did so because of cur common profession and promise that wo meant io 'establish an organization of peace which should make It certain that the combined power of free nations would check every lnvaflon of right and eerve to make peace and Justice more secure by affording a definite tribunal of opinion to which all must submit nd by which every international readjustment that can not be amicably Agreed upon by the peoples directly concerned. Bhall be sanctioned. This promise and assurance was written Jnto the preliminaries of the armistice pnd into the preliminaries of the peace itself, nd constitute one of the most racred obligations ever assumed by my nation or body of nations. It is unthinkable that America should set the example of ignoring such a solemn anoral engagement. Keeps Faith With Soldiers. "For myself, I feel that I could not 'jook the soldiers of our gallant armies in the face again if I did not do everything in my power to remove every obstacle that lies in the way of the adoption of this particular article of the fcovonant, because we made these lodges to them as well as to the rest bf the world, and it was to this cause they deemed themselves devoted in a spirit of crusaders. I should be forever unfatihful to them If I did not do my utmost to fulf.'ll tho high purpose for which they fought. "I think, my dear senator, we can dismiss from our minds the idea that it is necessary to stipulate In connection with Article 10 the constitutional methods we should use In fulfilling our obligations under It. We gain nothing by such stipulations and secure nothing which is not already secured. It was understood as a matter of course at the conference in Paris that whatever obligations any government assumed or whatever duties it undertook under the treaty would of course have to be fulfilled by its usual and established constitutional

methods of action. Once or twice In !

meetings of the conference, when the treaty was under consideration, 'reservations' were made to that effect by the representatives of individual powers, and those reservations were invariably received In the way In which men who have met for business and not for talk always receive acts of scrupulous superogation listened to with indifferent silence, as such men listen to what Is a matter of course End was not necessary to 6ay. "There can be no objection to explaining again what our constitutional method is and that our congress alone can declare war or determine the causeB or occasions for war, and that It alone can authorize the use of the armed forces of the "United States on land or on the sea. But to make such a. deolaralon would certainly be a work of supererogation. "Nullifications Not Reservations." "I am Borry to say that the reservations that have come under my notice are, almost without exception, not interpretations of the articles to which It is proposed to attach them, but in effect virtual nullifications of those articles. "Any reservation which seeks to deprive tho League of Nations of the force of Article 10 cuts at the very lieart and life of the covenant itself. Any league of nations which does not fiuarautee, as a matter of lncontestnble right, the political Independence tind Integrity of each of its members might be hardly more than a futile fccrap of paper, as ineffective in operation as the agreement between Belgium aud Germany which the GerInans violated in 1914. Article 10. as wTltten into the treaty of Versailles, represents the renunciation by Great jtritain and Japan, which before the war bad begun to find so many Interests in common in the Pacific; by Jrance, by Italy by all the great fighting powers of the world of the tld pretensions of political conquest and territorial aggrandizement. It is a new doctrine in the world's affairs and must be recognized as there is

no secure basis for the peace which the whole world so longingly desires and so desperately needs. If Article 10 Is not adopted and acted upon, the governments which reject It will, I think, be guilty of bad faith to their people whom they induced to make the Infinite sacrifices of the war by the pledge that they would be fighting to redeem the world from the old order of force and aggression. They will be acting also in bad faith to the opinion of the world at large, to which they appealed for support in a concerted stand against the aggressions and pretensions of Germany. If we were to reject Article 10 or to so weaken it sb to take its full force out of it, it would mark us as desiring to return to the old world of jealous riv airy and misunderstandings, from which our gallant soldiers have res

cued us, and would leave us without any vision or new conception of Justice and peace, we would have learned no lesson from the war but gained only the regret that it had involved us in its maelstrom of suffering. If America has awakened, as the rest of the world has, to the vision of a new day in which the mistakes of the past are to be corrected, she must share the responsibilities of Article 10. Imperialists Still Active "It must not be forgotten, senator, that the article constitutes a renunciation of wrong ambition on the part of powerful nations with whom we were associated in the war. It is by no means certain that without this article any such renunciation will take place. Militaristic ambitions and Imperialistic policies are by no means dead, even if the counsels of the nations whom we most trust and with whom we most desire to be associated In the tasks of peace. Throughout the sessions of the conference in Paris it was evident that a militaristic party, under he most influential leadership in the counsels of France. They were defeated then, but are In control now. The chief arguments advanced in Paris in support of the Italian claims on the Adriatic were strategic arguments, that is to say military arguments, which had at their back the thought of naval supremacy in that sea. For my own part, I am as Intolerant of imperialistic designs on the part of other nations as I was of such designs on the part of Germany. "The choice is between two ideals: On the one hand, the Ideal of democracy, which represents the rights of free people everywhere to govern themselves, and on the other hand, the ideal of imperialism, which seeks to dominate by force and unjust power, an ideal which is by no means dead and which is earnestly held In many quarters still. Every imperialistic influence in Europe was hostilo to the embodiment of Article 10 in the covenant of the League of Nations and its defeat now would markk the complete consummation of their efforts to nullify the treaty. I hold the doctrine of Article 10 to be the essenca of Americanism. We cannot repudiate it or weaken it without at the san'e time repudiating our own principals. Would Bring Old Order "The imperialists want no league of nations, but if, in response to the universal cry of the masses everywhere, there is to be one, he is interested to secure one suited to his own purposes, one that will permit him to continue the historic game of pawns and peoples, the juggling of provinces, the old balance of power, and the inevit

able wars attendant upon these things. The reservation proposed .would perreally want to see the old game played again? Can anyone really venture to take part in reviving the old order. The enemies of a league of nations have by every true instinct centered their efforts against Article 10, for it Is

! undoubtedly the foundation of the

whole structure . It is the bulwark and the only bulwark, of the rising democracy of the world against the forces of imperialism and reaction. .''Either we should enter the league fearlessly, accepting the responsibility and not fearing the role of leadership which we now enjoy, contributing our efforts toward establishing a Just and permanent peace, or we should retire as gracefully as possible from the great concert of powers by which the world was saved. For my own part, I bm not willing to trust to the counsel of diplomats the working out of any salvation of the world from the things which it has suffered. "I believe that when the full signifi

cance of this great question has been generally apprehended, obstacles will seem insignificant before the opportunity, a great and glorious opportunity.

to contribute our overwhelming moral and material force to the establishment of an international regime in which our own ideals of Justice and right may be made to prevail and the nations of the world be allowed a peaceful development under conditions of order and safety hitherto impossible. Cant Make Distinction. "I need not say, senator, that I have given a great deal of thought to the whole matter of reservations proposed in connection with the ratification of the treaty and particularly that portion of the treaty which contains the covenant of the league of nations, and I have been struck by the fact that practically every so-called reservation was in effect a rather sweeping nullification of the terms of the treaty itself. I hear of reservationists and mild reservationists, but I can not understand the difference between a ru'lifler

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Should women

be paid for being mothers ?

Last year 250,000 babies were lost and 23,000 mothers died in child-birth. They died because they lacked attention-1-because the United States Government failed to give them the protection it gives to hogs and cattle. The foundation of tomorrow's democracy is being undermined. Something must be done to wipe out this condition which makes the United States a disgrace among 'nations. You can do that something. Read "Every Woman's Chance to Serve Humanity" in February Good Housekeeping. Anne Martin tells what is wrong and explains how you can do your part. and in the same issue

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Zona Gale William J. Locke Ida M. Evans

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and a mild nullifler. Our responsibility as a nation in this turning point of

History is an overwhelming one. and 11 I had the opportunity I would beg everyone concerned to consider the matter in the light of what it is possible to accomplish for humanity, rather than in the light of special national interests. If I have been truly informed concerning the desire of some of your colleagues to know my views in this matter. I would be very glad if you would show this letter to them. "Cordially and sincerely yours, "WOODROW WILSON."

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Do You Believe in GHOSTS?

THE GREATEST QUESTION? D. W. Griffith Answers it Coming to the Murrette

NUSBAUM'S S

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