Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 45, Number 81, 14 February 1920 — Page 7

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM. SATURDAY, FEB. 14, 1920.

PAGE NINE

ATE DEPARTMENT GO NTROVERSY BEGAN IN PARIS, CORRESPONDENCE DISCLOSED

WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. The State ! Department Friday night Issued the following statement: "Secretary Robert Lansing has resigned, and his resignation has been accepted taking effect today." Following is the correspondence between the President and Secretary Lansing: "The White House. Washington. 7. February. 1920. "My Dear Mr. Secretary: "Is it true, as I have been told, that during my illness you frequently have called the heads of the Executive Departments of tho Government into conference? If It Is, I feel It to be my duty to call your attention to consideration upon which I do not care to dwell until I learn from you yourself that this is the fact. Under our constitutional law and practice, as developed hitherto, no one but the President has the right to Bummon the heads of the Executive Departments into conference, and no one but the President and the Congress has the right to ask for their views nor for the views of any one cf them, on any publio question, "Serious Consequences" Noted. i'l take this matter up with you be"cause In the development of every constitutional system, custom and precedent are of the most serious consequence, and I think we all will agree !n desiring not to lead in any wrong direction. I therefore have taken the

liberty of writing to you to ask you 1hls question, and I am sure you will be glad to answer. "I am happy to learn from your

recent note to Mrs. Wilson that your

strength is returning. Cordially ana

sincerely yours. nfrrrYn sixt Tl'TT C"W

The answer of Secretary Lansing follows: "Washington, February 9, 1920. "My Dear Mr. President: "It Is true that frequently during your illness I requested the heads of the Executive Departments of the Government to meet for Informal conference. . "Shortly after you were taken ill in October, certain members of the Cabinet, of whom I was one, felt that, in view of the fact that we were denied communication with you. it was wise . for us to confer Informally together on ' inter-departmental matters and matters as to which action could not be postponed until your medical advisers permitted you to pass upon them. "Mutual Benefits Derived." "Accordingly I. as the ranking member, requested the members of the cabinet to assemble for such Informal conference: and in view of the mutual benefit derived the practice was continued. I can assure you that it never entered my mind for a moment that I was acting unconstitutionally, nor contrary to your wishes and there certainly was no intention on my part to assume powers and exercise functions which under the constitution are confided exclusively to the president. "During these troublous times, when 'rrnti! rous difficult and vexatious questions have arisen, and when, in the circumstances, I have been deprived of your guidance and direction, it has been my constant endeavor to carry cut your policies as I understood them. p.Ta to act in all matters as I believed you wuold wish me to act. If. however, you think that I havo failed in Cmy loyalty to you. and if you no longer kave confidence In me and prefer to kavn another to conduct our foreign s.i7:i!.-:;, I am ready, of ccurse. Mr.

NORWAY IS GIVEN SOVEREIGNTY OVER SPITZENBERGEN ISLANDS

President, to relieve you of any embarrassment by placing my resignation In your hands, "I am, as always, "Faithfully yours. "ROBERT LANSING." To this the president replied as follows: "The White House, "Washington, February 11, 1920. "My Dear Mr. Secretary: "I am disappointed greatly by your letter of February 9 in reply to me asking about the Bp-called cabinet meetings. "You kindly explain the motives of these meetings and I find nothing In your letter which Justifies your assumption of presidential authority in such a matter. You say you 'felt that, in view of the fact that you were denied communication' with me, 'It was wise to confer Informally together on

interdepartmental matters and matters as to which action could not be postponed until my medical advisers permitted me to be seen and consulted, but I havo. to remind you, Mr. Secretary, that no action could be taken by the cabinet without me and therefore there could have been no disadvantage in awaiting action with regard to matters concerning which action could not have been taken without me. "This affair, Mr, Secretary, only deepena a feeling that was growing upon me. "While we still were in" Paris T felt and have felt increasingly ever since, that you accepted my guidance and direction on questions with regard to which I had to instruct you only with

increasing reluctance, and since my return to Washington I have been struck by the number of matters in which you apparently have tried to forestall my Judgment by formulating action and merely asking my approval when it was impossible for me to form an Independent Judgment because I had not had an opportunity to examine the circumstances 'with any degree of Independence, Resignation Is Requested. "I feel, therefore, that I frankly must take advantage of your kind suggestion that, if I should prefer to have another conduct our foreign affairs, you are ready to relieve me of an embarrassment by placing your resigna

tion in my hands, for I must say that it would relieve me of an embarrassment, Mr. Secretary, the embarrassment of feeling your reluctance and diversion of Judgment, if you would give up your present office and afford me an opportunity to select some one whose mind would more willingly go along with mine. "I need not tell you with what reluctance I take advantage of your suggestion, nor that I do so with the kindliest feeling. In matters of transcendent importance, such as. this, the only wise course is a course of perfect candor, where personal feeling, as much as possible, is left out of the reckoning. "Very sincerely vours.

f "Woodrow Wilson." In response to this note Secretary Lansing replied as follows: "Washington, Feb. 13, 1920.

"My Dear Mr. President: "I wish to thank you sincerely for your candid letter of the 11th, in

i which you state that my resignation J would be acceptable to you, as it re- ! lieves me of the " responsibility for J action which I have been contemplat- ! ing, and which I can now take without i hesitation, as it meets your wishes.

ui ' ' ' ' " '' """ a 9$; fia

A harbor in the Spitzenbergen archipelago.

Under a treaty just signed, Norway is Riven sovereignty over the Spitzenbergen islands. Ambassador Wallace signed the treaty for the U. S. The archipelago, which is about the size of West

Virginia, is valuable chiefly because of its coal mines. These mines were developed mainly by American interests. The islands never have been under the protection of any nation. As a result there has been no recognized law,

the law of the gun and public sentiment ruling. The interested countries agreed to waive their rights to the islands in Norway's favor principally because of the location of the islands, they being near Norway.

Dairy Cow of Immense Value to Humanity Must Play Important Part in Work of Reconstruction

By P. G. HOLDEN IN the reconstruction of civilization the dairy cow must play an Important part. The world is crying for food and the dairy cow Is by far the most economical producer of human food. The food produced by her is the most nourishing and healthful of all foods. For each 100 pounds of feed consumed the sheep produces only about 2V4 pounds of edible food solids, a steer a trifle less than three pounds, a hen about five pounds, a hog about 5 pounds and the average dairy cow 18 pounds. There are about 23 million dairy cows in the United States and the annual .value of their products reaehes the enormous figure of over one billion dollars. Only the corn crop exceeds the dairy products as a source of income to the farmers of the nation. All Year Mound Producer. The dairy cow produces revenue all the year around. She brings in cash at tho end of each month in the form of a check from the creamery and gives us additional profit each year in the form of a calf. She distributes the demand for labor evenly over the entire year. She provides the cheapest and best food for both human beings and live

An Iowa Dairy Farm Wherever There Are Good Dairy Cattle There Is Prosperity. stock and increases pork production by providing skim-milk arid buttermilk for feeding pigs. She furnishes a home market for hay, silage and other products easily grown on the farm. f Since milk and cream must be delivered In all kinds of weather, she creates a demand for good roads and helps to pay for them. Conserves Soil Fertility. From the grass of the pasture and the roughage of the field she creates the greatest product of the farm and puts back into the soil the fertility these things have taken from it. The dairy cow has been called "the foster mother of the world," and no more fitting title could be bestowed upon her. Without milk children languish, adults decline,, the vitality of the human race runs low. Upon the dairy cow, more than upon any other animal on earth, depended ioe result of the great world war. Upon the dairy cow more than upon any other animal, depends the decline of human unrest, and the dawning of a day of universal peace.

Immediate Effect Offered. "I have tho honor, therefore, to tender to you my resignation as Secretary of State, the same to take effect at your convenience. "In thus severing our official relations, I feel Mr. President, that I should make the following statement which I prepared recently, and which will show you that I have not been unmindful that the continuance of our present relations was impossible, and that I realized that it clearly was my duty to bring them to an end at the earliest possible moment compatible with the public interest. "Ever since January, 1919, I have been conscious of the fact that you no longer were disposed to welcome my

advice m matters pertaining to the negotiations in Paris, to our foreign service, nor to international affairs in general. "Holding these views, if I had consulted my personal inclination alone, I would have resigned as Secretary of State and as a Commissioner to negotiate peace; I felt, however, that such a step might have been misinterpreted, both at home and abroad, and that it was my duty to cause no embarrassment to you in carrying forward the great task in which you then were engaged. "Possibly I erred in this, but if I did, it was with the best of motives. Loyalty to Chief Voiced. "When I returned to Washington in the latter part of July, 1919, my personal wish to resign had not changed, but again I felt that my loyalty to you and my duty to the administration compelled me to defer action, as my resignation might have been misconstrued into hostility to the ratification of the treaty of peace, or at least into disapproval of your views as to the form of ratification. "I therefore remained silent, avoiding any comment on the frequent reports that we were not in full agreement. Subsequently your serious illness, during which I never have seen you, imposed upon nie the duty at least I construed it my duty to remain in charge of the Department of State until your health permitted you to again assume full direction of foreign affairs. "Believing that the time had arrived, I had prepared my resignation, when my only doubt as to the propriety of placing it in your hands was removed by your letter indicating that it would be entirely acceptable to you. "I think, Mr. President, in accordance with the frankness which has marked this correspondence, and for

j which I am grateful to you, that I can i not permit to pass unchallenged the I imputation that in calling into infor-

mal conference the heads of the exec-

; utive departments, I sought to usurp

: j our presidential authority, j "Belief Shared by Others" I "I had no such intention, no such thought. I believed then, and I be

lieve now, that the conferences which were held were for the best interests of your administration and of the republic, and that belief was shared by others whom I consulted. "I further bellep that the conferences were proper and necessary in the circumstances, and that I would have been derelict in my duty if I had failed to act as I did. "I also feel, Mr. President, that candar compels me to say that I cannot agree with your statement that I have tried to forestall your Judgment in certain cases by formulating action and merely asking your approval when it was impossible for you to form any independent judgment because you had not had an opportunity to examine the circumstances with any degree of independence. It is true that when I thought a case demanded immediate action I have advised you what, in my opinion, that action should be, stating at the same time the reasons on which my opinion was based. "This I conceived lo be a function of the secretary of state, and I have followed the practice for the past four years and a half. "I Have Been Surprised" "I confess that I have been surprised and disappointed at the frequent disapproval of my suggestions, but I never have failed to follow your decisions, however difficult it made the conduct of our foreign affairs. "I hardly need add that I leave the office of secretary of state with only good will toward you, Mr. President, and with a sense of profound relief. "Forgetting our differences and re

membering only your numerous kindnesses in the past, I have the honor to be, Mr. President, sincerely yours, "ROBERT LANSING." The president's answer follows: "The White House, "Washington, Feb. 13, 1920. "My dear Secretary: Allow me to acknowledge with appreciation your letter of February 12. It now being evident, Mr. Secretary, that both of us have felt the embarrassment of our recent relations with each other, I feel it to be my duty to accept your resignation, to tako effect immediately, at ihe same time adding that I hoDe that the future holds for you

numerous successes of the most gratifying sort. "My best wishes always will follow you, and it will be a matter of gratification to me always to remember our delightful personal relations. Sincerely yours, "WOODROW WILSON."

.7INDSHIELD SHIELDS TRAFFIC OFFICERS

pi K

Philadelphia policeman behind windshield. Philadelphia police officials have tried out and found successful a windshield which can be attached to the traffic officers' stop-go standards and furnish protection for the face and eyes during blizzards and storms. The windshield remains stationary while the signals are being turned.

ally unable to discharge functions of his office. There was talk of what might be done to place vice-president Marshall at the head of 'the government and how congress might go about doing it. Saturday Nobody knew the full import of the President's illness. It had not then become known that he had partially lost the use of his left arm and leg through an accumulation of blood in one of the arteries in his brain. There were even ugly rumors that the President might not be in possession of all his faculties. Some senators were even contemplating some action to "find out whether we their number put it.. These persisted until Senator Faul, Republican, New Mexico, after a personal talk with the president announced that he was satisfied that Mr. Wilson was in full

Dossession of his mental faculties and

entirely able to discharge the duties of his office, but they were being circulated and widely credited last November when the cabinet assembled for its first conference at the call of Secretary Lansing. Believed He Had Precedent. The Secretary of State It should be said, believed he was supported by nrecedent in calling the cabinet to

gether. Looking up the historical record he found it had been done when President Garfield lay ill for weeks after having been shot by an assassin and that it had been done before that when President Taylor bad a long illness and ultimately was succeeded by Vice-president Fillmore. The Wilson cabinet assembled the first day with a feeling of apprehension, for none of the members knew the extent of the president's illness, but expected to be informed of it.

Secretary Tumulty had informed the president that Mr. Lansing had called the cabinet together, and the president, somewhat disturbed, gave his personal physician a message to deliver to the secretaries. The secretaries assembled at their usual places that day and Mr. Lansing sent for Dr. Grayson. The president's chair at the head of the table was left vacant until the physician arrived and he was asked to occupy it. Demanded President's Condition. "Dr. Grayson," Secretary Lansing Is reported to have said by those who were present, "we wish to know the nature and extent of the president's

illness and whether he is able to perform the duties of his office, so that we may determine what shall be done to carry on the business of the government."

The president's physician Is quoted

by some of the other secretaries as having replied in substance:

"The president Is doing as well as could be expected; be is in full possession of all his faculties, and be has directed me to Inquire of you by what authority this meeting of the cabinet was called, what business is before It. and what business it Is expected might be transacted at a cabinet meeting without his participation." According to the story told at the time. Secretary Lansing had no opportunity to reply, because some of the other members stepped Into the breach and asked Dr. Grayson to say to the president that the only purpose of the meeting was to Inquire the state of his health and to send him a message of loyalty and encouragement. At that point the meeting broke up without having transacted any business, but It did not end the so-called cabinet conferences. It has not been made plain whether President Wilson knew since then lhat the cabinet members had been assembling and talking over interdepartmental affairs, but the meetings have been held in the cabinet room in the executive offices and if the president did not know it, it probably was be

cause those surrounding him did not

think it wise to tell him.

The best opinion of those "on the

Inside" is that the president did not

know until last week of the regularity

at which the cabinet wa3 meeting at

the call of the secretary of state because at about the time at which the

president's first letter to Mr. Lansing! is dated, the white house offices, "let1 it be known that the president had ended the- cabinet conferences and there was an inference that he might preside at the next one himself. There was however, no hint that the ending of the meetings marked a separation between Mr. Wilson and Mr. Lansing. Differed In Policy Now that the break has come and Mr. Lansing has left the cabinet, much may be revealed of the extent to which the secretary of state and the presi

dent differed in matters of policy. Quite aside from the differences at the peace conference, there vre other differences in foreign poJ'v. and some of Mr. Lansing's friendsNsay he would have left his office some time ago but for the fact that he wished to spare the president an upheaval in his official family at a time when Europe was watching the fight over the treaty In America, and especially when the

nreaident was ill and uflabie lO lOOK

after the affairs of the state depart- !

mpnt himself. A

Mr. Lansing became head of the

state department when W. J. Bryan and the president had their differences over the Lusitanla notes. Mr.

Lansing was counsellor, an office in which he had succeeded John Basse tt Moore. It has been common knowledge that while Mr. Lansing's same was signed to succeeding notes to Germany and the notes which preceded the armistice. Mr. Wilson wrote them himself, in fact he practically acted as secretary of state in all important business. It was the president's conception of Ms relation to the foreign policy of the nation. Mexico Another Point. How much Mr. Lansing and the president differed on the Mexican policy never has been fully revealed but officials who sympathize -with Mr. Lansing's views say that they differed a great deal. It has generally been believed in official circles here that the sharp notes which Mr. Lansing sent to. Carranza in connection with the Jenkins case are what the president referred to in his letter to the secretary when he spoke of the secretary of state having taken action to forestall his Judgment. It is known, however, that Henry Prather Fletcher, former ambassador to Mexico, whb recently resigned

wrote a letter to the president, in which ho excoriated the administration's. Mexican policy, and the general belief in the state department Is that Mr. Lansing and Mr. Fletcher agreed pretty generally. Mr. Fletcher's letter of resignation never has been given out at the white house. But aside from his difficulties with the president it has been common knowledge in Washington that Mr. Lansing has not been on good terms with Secretary Tumulty, and from time to time there have been apparently weli grounded reports of friction with Secretaries Baker and Daniels. In the senate foreign relations committee, where Mr. Lansing was in frequent touch with senators, he is regarded as a trained diplomat. Senators remarked when Mr. Bullit gave his sensational testimony that they regretted it very much on Lansing's account.

Funeral Arrangements

Love Mrs. Orville E. Love, 27 years old, died of pneumonia at 7:30 p. m. Friday at her home, two miles southeast of Fountain City. She is survived by her husband, Orville Love; and four small children. Services will be held in the M. E. church at Fountain City at 10:30 a. m. Monday. Burial in Willow Grove cemetery. Hart man Funeral services for Rosemary Hartman will be held at the home of her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Davenport, near Mormon's Switch on the National road, at 2 p. m. Sunday. Burial, Lutherania, Perry Funeral services for Clarence Edward Perry were held in the home of his parents at 2 p. m. Saturday. Burial in Earlham. Dickey Funeral services for Mrs. Fannie Dickey were held in the First English Lutheran church at 2:30 p. m. Saturday. Burial in Lutherania. . Shank Funeral services for Lorenzo Shank were held in the parlors of Pohlmeyer, Downing Company at 3

p. m. Saturday. Burial in Earlham. Borton Funeral services for Mrs. Harriett A. Borton were held at her home at 10 a. m. Saturday. Burial in Webster cemetery. Schafer Funeral services for Charles Schafer will be held in St. Andrew's church at 9 a. m. Monday. Burial in St. Andrew's cemetery. The Rev. F. A. Roell will officiate.

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LANSING AND

(Continued from Page One) ness with the chief executive in writing. Th,e relations, between the men remained very much strained and then Mr. Lansing's action in calling the cabinet together brought them to the breaking point. Those who were present at the first cabinet .. meeting describe a rather tense and dramatic scene. Congress was full of rumors that the President was so disabled as to be constitution-

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