Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 244, 26 July 1919 — Page 7

THE RICHMOND PALUU)1UM AND SO, m-TLEGUAM, SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1919.

PAGE NINE

The Automobile Simplified By FREDERICK C. GUERRLICH, M. E. Blake This Your Automobile Correspondence School AN Intimate talk on the working units of the automobile discussed in such a way that the layman oan easily understand them. If in reading these articles, as they appear in the Palladium each Sattuday. there Is anything not clear to you. ask Mr. Ouerllch about It An answer will be published on the completion of the articles on the section of the a omobile under discussion. Copyrighted. mT, By Frederick C. Ouerrllch.'

Mixtures. I makes it possible to use gasoline as

we now como to the study of the a fuel for the engine. The higher tem-

carbu" ner. To understand clearly the

action of this most Important device, I will first have to explain some of the simple chemical and physical laws upon whch its action Is based. Scientists call the smallest particle of which all matter: wood. Iron, water, air is composed of the molecule. Thus a drop of water Is composed of millions of molecules, as is the germ which la so small as not to be visible under the strongest microscope. The molecules of which the germ Is made will have different chemical compositions. The chemist works with these molecules. He divides them into what he calls atoms, and rejoins these atoms Into other combinations. . Thus each molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen and each molecule of gasoline is composed of eight atoms of carbon and eighteen of hydrogen or thereabouts, depending upon Its grade. A chemist can divide a gasoline moleclue into its elements or atoms; that carbon and hydrogen, and then make the carbon combine with some atoms of oxygen, and the hydrogen atoms with other atoms of oxygen and so

change the gasoline into what is known as carbon dioxide gas and water. Like Human Beings ,4 These atoms or elements of which molecules are made, are much like human beings, in that they like to

BATES UNFAIR TO INDIANA SHIPPERS, SAY ILLINOIS MEN

CHICAGO, July 26 Admission that discriminatory freight rates favoring Illinois brick manufacturers existed between that state and Indiana were made this afternoon by W. H. TerwilHger. the first witness for the Illinois

shippers, in the hearing of the Indiana-

Illinois freight case before Examiner

William A. Disque of the Interstate

Commerce Commission. Indiana ship

pers completed their case during the

morning.

In Terwilli ges opinion, however, the discrimination was not sufficient to be termed unjust or unfair to competition. The discriminating rates

were between producing and not con euming points he said. His recommen

dation of relief for the Indiana shippers was a reduction of the Indiana freight rates on brick. "Carriers are asking a 20 percent, increase in the Illiniois brick rates and a flat increase of that amount would result in placing a discrimina

tion in favor of the Indiana shippers.

perature which kerosene requires makes it impractical without the use of a heater. We want an explosion, or Instantaneous combustion in the cylinder. In order to get this, every molecule of gas should be In contact or very close to a molecule of oxygen. Thus the gasoline must get into the cylinder In the form of gas or at worst, a fine fog or mist, and be thoroughly mixed with the air. To accomplish this is the purpose of the carburetor. Thus the definition of a carburetor is: A device for changing the liquid gasoline into a gas or mist, and to mix it wit hthe correct amount of air to

cause an Instantaneous combustion or i tte witness testified

explosion. Vacuum What is a vacuum, and what Is suction? If you will imagine that you have drawn a square whoso sides are an Inch, and then consider the air being held up by this square Inch, you will picture a square column of air reaching high above the clouds; in fact, miles high. Now air has weight, and that column will weigh about 14.7 pounds at sea level. Thus the air Is under a pressure of 14.7 pounds, called

atmospheric pressure. Because of this pressure, the air will get into all space, but if you succeed la getting all of the air out of a vessel, it will be absolutely empty or a vacuum, and the space will have no pressure. If we had a tank of

water and inserted into this a tube

be purchased at most seed and drus stores. This vx& ertal is used at the rate of one teaspi, onful to a gallon of water.

Since the cabba leaves have a

heavy bloom that tt mses water to run together In big drop s, an inch cube of soap must be added, to eacn gallon of

spray in order to na ine spread over and stlc t on the leaves. Otherwise it would si uply rua together in big drops and rc '1 off. The lice must be str '"ck by tne otlne spray In order to MU them and for that reason careful a vttentlon must be given to getting the material over the under sides of the 1 "res. Spraying may have to be rep ated two or three times during the sason since more aphids will appear. I ""lants must be watched carefully for t 9 presence of these pests and sprayi. done at once before the crop Is inji "ed. Cabbage plants should als ' be dusted or sprayed with arsenat i of lead to control cabbage worms. 'he powdered arsenate of lead may l-5 mixed with six or eight times Its V1 of hydrated lime and dusted 4"n the leaves when they are wet wlt "w or used as a spray, six level .table-

spoonfuls of powdered arsens oi arsenate of lead to one gallon of i ,aPy water. .

The arsenate of lead and nice t ,n

Modoc, Ind.

be combined or in company with cer- fend tneQ dre wtne out of the tube

jam elements more man wuu . owe, ... i vhat would happen? Why, there would

Thus most elements like to combine

with oxygen, while few will readily combine with nitrogen. Carbon and hydrogen, of which gasoline is composed, get along well together, but the carbon would rather be combined with the oxygen than with the hydrogen, and the hydrogen would also rather be combined with the oxygen than with the carbon. If there were a club of bachelors In the same building with a club of l'andsome ladies, I think it would take but a slight excuse for the bachelors to break up and Join the ladies, while the ladies would probably be pleased. They would pair off, and try to get by themselves, and if kept in the building, would probably feel cramped

end under a sort of pressure

be a vacuum or no pressure in the tube, but the water outside is under the pressure of the atmosphere and so some of the water will be forced up into the tube, or as we say, sucked v.p. Having learned some of the laws, upon which the action of the carburetor is based, we will take it up next

Chester, Ind. W. McAllister and family of near Farmland were Sunday guests of Luther Hinshaw and family Mont.

Ogborne and family of Jay county spent Sunday with Elmer Kendall and

sulphate may be applied as one sp.

adding both a teaspoonful of nlcotA 'e

Indiana Completes Case i sulphate and six tablespoonfuls of le. The Indiana shippers completed i arsenate to a gallon of soapy water, their case during the morning session. I

R. C. Coapsticks, rate expert of the According to British scientists there y

Indiana state unamoer or vpnmerce, is nuuusg in uie wu.y ui lauuiaiuij, the last witness presented exhibits on optical or surgery glasware or porcethe sand and gravel industry. In- lain formerly the product of other nastances of discrimination favoring 1111- tions, which is not now being made

nois shimsers bv 20 cent margins on i in treat Britain

short hauls and still larger differences on long distances were quoted by him.

His exhibit showed that for a lower

The M. E. Sunday school will give an ice cream social soon, on the lawn of A. A. Connoroe; the date has not been decided yet Mrs. Cannie Fite, of Marlon, and daughter Julia, of Ann Harbor, Mich., and Mr. end Mrs. Charles Hinshaw of Indianapolis, visited Aunt Liss Swain Friday L. W. Ridenour and A. C. Swain attended the convention of the Indianapolis Telephone company at Rushvtlle Tuesday.... Mrs. Henna Huffman has taken the place vacated by Miss Ruth Howell in the Ohio Creamery Miss Esther Abel, of Ft Wayne, is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. O. E. AbeL Master Paul Abel had his tonsils removed Monday and is recovering nicely in care of his aunt, Miss Esther Abel Mr. and Mrs. Ora Conyers called on Mrs. Fred Purely Monday evening Mr. and Mrs. B. L. Wilson, formerly of Modoc, now of Alexandria, have heard their son Ralph was killed near Battle Creek, Mich., Friday. July 18 Mrs. Reed Ahi la at it..

lis spending the week end.

Two Islands of the Tonga group are said to have disappeared in a recent tidal wave.

TIK1DS MAY UT

The way out of the woods befltns at where you stand. . The end of your financial embarrassment will never be reached unless you begin now to spend less than you make. The end of financial confusion, the goal of comfort In money matters, begins with the formation of the Saving Habit. Start a savings accounts today We pay five (5) on deposits from date of deposit to withdrawal LOAN AND BUILDING ASSOCIATION

4 AND 5 DAVIES BUILDING Dayton, Ohio

Assets July 1, 1919 $2,500,000.00

30 Years Old.

8urplus $168,750.00

tua

"BE A SAVER -IT PAYS"

A recent patent covers a phonograph attachment in which a magnet lifts

I the sound arm when the end of a

rate gravel and sand could be moved record is reached and returns it to the

in Illinois three times the distance in

the Hoosier state. Adoption of a basic scale similar to that the United States railroad administration has for all coal shipments was urged by the witness. This scale, he said, was 30 cents terminal charges, 10 cents for the first fifty miles and 10 cents for each seventy-five miles thereafter. In pointing out how this scale aplied equally to all phases of the coal business, he said that in the central states all available loading points and unloading points were taken into consideration and a fair rate had been evolved. He thought sand and gravel should be placed on a similar rate. Indiana shippers alone are not fighting the alleged discrinmination, for M. J. Parlin and A. F. Vandegrift, representing the Louisville Ky. Board of Trade, entered a protest against the situation for shippers of Louisville and vicinity.

starting point stopping the instrument if desired.

In the same way, if you Bring attamny josepn jump oi Cincinnati,

number of molecules of gasoline, made has been visiting Mr. and Mrs. Merrltt

up of atoms of hydrogen and carbon, in contact with a number of molecules

of oxygen, they will, when given the slightest reason, separate and combine with the oxygen. Heat, as from an electrical spark, will be such a reason, so that if you have a vessel containing a mixture of gasoline and oxygen molecules, and you set a spark to them, the carbon in the gasoline will separate from its hydrogen and combine with the oxygen, each atom of the carbon combining with two atoms of oxygen and thus making (C 02) carbon dioxide gas, while two of the atoms of hydrogen will combine with one of oxygen and make (H2 O) water. As the humans they will want to spread out, and if kept in a closed

' vessel they will develop a great pressure, and heat. When elements combine as above, great heat is generated. We call the decomposition or separating, and recombining of the elements in the above way combusion, or we say they burn. An explosion in an instantaneous combustion. From the above you can see why the mixture must be in a definite ratio of oxygen or air (as we get the oxegen from the air), and gasoline; as, for each atom of carbon ther must be two atoms of oxygen,

and for each to atoms of hydrogen one of oxygen. If there be an excess of either gas or air, the excess will make the amount of heat and pressure given out small, and may even, by absorbing the heat from the spark, prevent the combustion entirely. Molecules made up of certain elements will always want to get away from one another, as is the case with the oxygen and nitrogen molecules of the air. Thus we have a gas, air technically being a gas. Others, such as those of iron, copper, wood, etc., will want to get together and will hold to one another very firmly, giving us a solid mass, while still others, such as those of water, will have a slight attraction for one another, and so we have a liquid. The holding together power of like molecules is called cohesion, and that of unlike, such as glue to wood, oil to steel, is called adhesion. The cohesion is affected by the

pninerature. Thus water will be in

h linuid state when between 32

!and 212 degrees fahrenheit, but will be a solid ice and snow, at temperatures below this, while it will be a gaa eteam at temperature above 212 degrees. Even copper and iron will, when the temperature is raised high enough, melt or become a liquid and in time a gas. Gasoline (depending upon its grade), will change from a liquid to a gas in the neigborhood of 70 degrees. Kerosene will have to have a much higher temperature. The pressure above the liquid will r fleet the temperature at which it will change to a gas. Thus water will change to 6team when the pressure i& that of the atmosphere, but if the pressure be higher the temperature will have to be raised. "Cook" Under Cover The housewife uses thi3 law, when cooking. She knows that meat potatoes, etc.. will be cooked quicker when the lid is left on the pot than tl.e will when It is left off. Why, you ask. Because when the lid is left on the steam canot get out until its presnure is hlh enough for it to lift the

lid, and so the water will reach a! higher temperature and the things j

cook quicker. On the other hand if the pressure be less than atmosphere, pr a vacuum the water will turn to steam at a temperature less than 212 degrees. What is true of steam Is true of gasoline, and the fact that the gasoline will change to a gas at about 70 degrees, whic' is perhaps the aver- . age temperature of the air, and the ! fact: that due to the suction stroke

of the engine there is a vacuum in the manifold, thus making the tem

perature of evaporation even lower.

Williamson, east of town... Mrs. Marv Rees and daughters of North Carolina

are visiting the former's niece, Mrs. Michael Kendall, nere Mrs. Ed. Williamson and son of New Paris, spent Sunday with Cheyney Williamson and family Sunday. . .Miss Gladys Whitney of Iowa, is visiting Harry Newman and family this week. .. .Mrs. Albert Penticost and family of Kitchen's Station spent Sunday with John Shaffer and family.

A spoon with a strainer in its bowl to hold butter has been invented to butter corn on the ear neatly.

Plant Lice on Cabbage

F. W. WESLER, Garden Supervisor Plant lice are quite plentiful this year on all garden crops and Bhould be controlled early in the season before they get a chance to multiply or cause much damage. On cabbage, kohl rabi, brussels sprouts and other plants of the cabbage family, the little green lice will gather in great numbers on the under sides of the leaves and by sucking the juice from the .plants will weaken them and finally cause wilting and death. The best material with which to control these insects is a 40 percent solution of nicotine sulphate that may

Miss Lolo Converse Tells How Cuticura Healed Her Eczema

"Eczema broke out all over my body, especially my face, in led, in-

named blisters. It itcned so that I could hardly stand it, and I could not wear any colored clothes next to me. I scratched night and day, and I could not work much. I

Could not rest. "I had this trouble ten or eleven years. Then I used Cuticura, and I used eight cakes of Soap with five boxes of Ointment and I was healed." (Signed) Miss Lolo Converse, 120 N. Mission St., Mt. Pleasant, Mich. SJ3P-Cuticura Toilet Trio ""SJ2 Consisting of Soap, Ointment and Talcum, promotes and maintains 6kin purity, skin comfort and skin health often when all else fails. The Soap to cleanse and purify, the Ointment to soothe and heal, the Talcum to powder and perfume. Having obtained a clear, healthy skin by the use of Cuticura, keep it clear by using the Soap for all toilet purposes, assisted by touches of Ointment as needed. Cuticura Soap is ideal for the complexion, it is eo delicate and creamy. S&mnla Each Free br Man. A(1driS ncat-eard :

" catlcura vpx. K. roaton

Soap oc

Sold everrwharo.

Oinuoeut 2s asd Wc Taioum 26c.

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Oatqrrlfkt TT slat. Wall 4 4 M

1107 Main Street

Phone 1925

torists Directory

Generator Repairing, General Overhauling, all kinds of Mechanical Work. Overland and Willys-Knight Cars DAVIS-OVERLAND SALES CO. 1209 Main Street Phone 2411

The McConaha's Garage 418-420 Main Street Good.Vear Tir63 Prest-O-Lite Batteries Accessories Mobileoil and Auto Repairing

HUDS CM ESSEX NASH STUDEBAKER FEDERAL and NASH Trucks If you want an Automobile See Us The McConaha Company 413-415 3.1 iin St. Phone 1079

PIEHL ATJTO-ELECTRIC CO. Storage Batteries and Ignition Parts

Storage Batteries Auto "Electric Supplies Armatures and Colls Rewound

Phones 189t.iaW. W. C. Plehl, Mgr. 1024 Main Street Richmond, Indiana

When You Need Tires you Need 'em (WE SELL. 'EM) NEEDHAM TIRES 6000-MILE GUARANTEE?

Beeson Tire and Vulcanizing Co.

13 N. 9th St.

Richmond, Ind.

AUTOS WANTED For their parts. We teax 'em up and sell the parts. We have parts of all kinds such as Gears. Axels, Magnetos. Carburetors. Lamps, Windshields, Glass, used Tires and Tubes, Etc. RICHMOND AUTO WRECKING CO. Phone 2165 Second and Main

EXPERT MOTOR TRUCK AND TRACTOR REPAIRING When your truck needa repairing and immediate attention, Just call us as we have the facilities and are equipped to give It our immediate attention. We are the local representatives for the Clydesdale Garford, Commerce ami Master Motor Trucks the four leading motor trucks sold today. '

Cor. N. 12th and E Sts.

THE WELDEX MFG. CO.

Phone 1494

A DEPENDABLE REPAIR STATION Drive your car here if you want first class repair service or accessories. Fair price, prompt service.

35-37 South Sixth Street

MILLER BROS. GARAGE Agents for Paterson Motor Cart

Phone 1278

"ft

FORD DISTRIB UTORS Ford Automobiles, Ford Trades, Accessories, Tires, Oils, Gas and ifcsrvlce Webb-Coleman Company Authorized Ford Sales and Service 19-21 South 7th Street Phone 1618

Richmond Battery & Radiator Co. Distributors of TJ. S. L. Storage Batteries

All makes of batteries recharged, repaired and rebuilt. Service free.

12th and Mam St Phone 1365

Republic BSwal gear drive Trucks Will solve your haulage problems. Truck repairing a specialty.

STANDARD SUPPLY AND TRANSPORTATION CO.

First and Main Streets.

Phone 1069-2459

BUICK AGENCY For used cars, see us. We have the best in the county and the prices are reasonable. CHENOWETH AUTO CO. ; 1134 Main Street Phoni 1925

Harry H. Tubeslng

Harry E. Rhinehart

GATESwfTIRES VULCANIZING Gates More Mileage Tires 1124 Main Street - Phone 1595 . , Tires called for and delivered

Maxwell,- Cole, Aero Eight-Chalmers

1026 Wain Street

See us Before You buy that car

STAFFORD MOTOR COMPANY

Phone 1053