Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 226, 5 July 1919 — Page 8

PAGE TEN

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1919.

The Automobile Simplified By FREDERICK C. GUERRLICH, M. E. Make This Your Automobile Correspondence School AN intimate talk on the working units of the automobile discussed In such a way that the layman can easily understand them. If in reading thene articles, as they appear in the Palladium each Saturday, there Is anything not clear to you. ask Mr. Guerlich about it. An answer will be published on the completion of the articles on the section of the automobile under discussion. Copyrighted. 1917. By Frederick C. Guerrlich.

The gas engine, known to engineers as an internal combustion engine, to them comes in the class of engines known as heat engines, because of the fact that the power is derived from the heat developed when the mixture of gas and air explodes, or burns. As heat means power, all of the heat practically must be kept in the engine. Unfortunately, if the metal parts of the engine be allowed to reach a certain temperature they will become soft and as they must rub together, the metal would soon be cut and so the

parts be mined. Thus the engine ; must be equipped with some device I

tact with the metal it cools it, but in doing so Jt will take the heat to itself and thus become hot. So, unless the water also be cooled it would in time become so hot as to be useless as a cooling medium for the cylinders. On a stationary engine a stream of water from the city piping can be used, but on a moving automobile the same water must be used over and over again. In order to cool this water it is led from the cylinders to the top of a cooling tank called a radiator through which it slowly flows downward, being cooled on (he way down by air which is sucked

Water Ja-ejfet

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v.hich will keep these metal parts below this dangerous temperature. In other words, a cooling system must be furnished in order to keep the cylinders from becoming so hot as to be cut and ruined by the rubbing of the icciprocating pistons. Both air and water are used to cool the engine. Where air is used alone, flanges or rings are cast around the cylinders, which flanges will conduct the heat away from the cylinders, the heat, In turn, being taken from the flanges by a blast of air, which is blown on them by means of a fan. By observing the engine on most motorcycles you will be able to see how these flanges are cast on the cylinders. When the engine is water-cooled, a Jacket (as shown in the illustration and called a water jacket) is cast around the cylinders and water is then made to circulate through these jackets. As the water comes in con-

through the radiator by means of a fan. There are two methods employed to make the water circulate through

i the water jackets and the radiator. In one of these a pump, set almost iml mediately in back of the radiator, I sucks the cooled water from the bottom thereof and then forces it through the water jackets and up to the top j of the radiator, down through which ; it then flows by gravity, being cooled '. on the way down, when it is again : pumped through the jackets, etc. This i is called the pump system, and is

shown in Figure 1. The other system, called natural circulation, or thermo syphon system, depends for the circulation on the fact that, hot water being lighter than

. cold water, will go to the top and cold ! water to the bottom. Thus, when the j engine is running, the water in the Jackets will become hot and so travel

upward to the top of the radiator, Its place being taken by the cooler water in the bottom of it. There are two types of radiators, tubular and cellular or honeycomb. Figure 3 shows a tubular radiator. This, you will notice, consists of a great number of vertical tubes, about which are placed a large number of thin metal flanges. As the water flows through these tubes, the tubes become hot, and their heat is then conducted away by the flanges. These flanges are, in turn, cooled by air which is sucked through them by a fan generally placed immediately in back of the radiator. On some older cars the

spokes of the flywheel act as the fanFigure 4 shows a section of a cellular radiator. Here the water passes through two thin sheets of metal, which might be termed a very thin but wide tube, so that the water trav-

els downward in an exceedingly thin I stream. To make this stream as long fas possible, the sheets are bent in a I zig-zag way as shown in the illustra- ; tion. The corners of the zig-zag .sheets ore soldered together so that i the radiator gives the appearance of a honeycomb. The space between the tubes will form cells through which j .air is drawn by the fan.

The cooling system of a car is an extremely important part thereof, as without it the engine would soon be ruined. A word as to the care of it. Each morning the radiator should be filled with fresh water. Because bubbles or air pockets often form in the toD of the radiator, looking in to

see the level of the water, may result!

in your believing that the radiator is full when, in fact, it is not, so it is best to actually pour some water In. i In the winter time, if the car is used, an anti-freezing mixture should be used with the water. Denatured alcohol is perhaps the best and this can be used in the following proportions: 25 per cent, alcohol, 75 per cent, water freezes at zero; 30 per cent, alcohol, 70 per cent, water freezes at 5 degrees below zero; 40 per

cent, alcohol, 60 per cent, water freezes at 20 degrees below zero. In time the alcohol will evaporate, so once a month a little should be added to take the place of that which has disappeared. (Caution: In putting the alcohol in the radiator, becareful not to let any spill on the varnish, as it will eat the varnish quickly.) When the car is not used in the winter, the water should be dreained

off. In doing this it Is important that the system be studied to see if there are any places where some of the water can be pocketed and not drain off, especially at the bottom of the water jackets. Many a cylinder has been cracked because of a failure to

do this.

Today there is little likelihood of

a leak in the system developing, and when it does it usually is at the rubber hose or around the pump shaft. To prevent leakage around the pump shaft, the pump is furnished with packing nuts, as shown in Figure 2. Lamp wick or, preferably, some special packing material, is wrapped around the shaft and the nut then screwed on, thus squeezing the packing around the shaft and so prevent

ing the water leaking out. When the pump is first packed, so much packing must be used as to make the pump tight when the nuts A and B are screwed up about halfway; then, as the packing wears

away and the pump leaks, if the nuts be tightened a little the leakage will disappear. When the nuts are screwed on full way some more packing must be added.

The radiator is always coupled to

the rest of the system by a flexible

hose, as if It were rigidly connected

a leak would soon develop, due to the vibration. The writer believes In re

placing the hose once a year, as it will

rot on the Inside, and yet appear perfect on the outside. When the hose is rotted, the inner rubber will come loose and often seriously check the circulation of the water. When new hose is put on it is a good practice to put some shellac, on the pipe to which it is attached, as the shellac will do much to prevent a leak between the hose and pipe. A large proportion of over-heating is due to a slipping of fan belt. In time a belt will stretch to such an extent as to slip. To take care of this slip, practically all cars have the fan and its pulley mounted in such a way that they can be set farther away from the driving pulley and in this way tighten the belt. There is always more or less lime in the water, and in time this lime will be deposited on the jacket and

radiator walls in the form of a scale. As it is a poor conductor of heat it will materially affect the cooling. About once every two or three months, the water should be drained out of the

system and fresh water, in which has been dissolved some soda in the pro

portion of about a handful to a bucket,

be poured in. The engine should then

be run a while (better still, the car be driven a few mllm) nnrt thia mn.

lution then drained off. The system

must then be flushed out a number of times with fresh water, the engine being run a moment or two so as to make the water circulate. This flushing must be continued until the water comes out clear.

oc Clothes

032 v MAIM

FOR THE BLOOD

Greenville Man Is One

Of British Airship's Crew GREENVILLE. O., July 5. Lieut. Commander Jack Lansdowne, a Green

ville man. is the only American on the British dirigible R-34. which landed In the states Saturday. Lieut. Lansdowne was born and reared in

Greenville where his parents yet reside. He is married and has one child. The Greenville naval aviator was studying in England when invited to be one of the dirigible's crew.

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Please Notice My Dental Office will be closed from July 26th until September 1st. DR. E. J. DYKEMAN

H

igher Coal Prices Coming

The wise householder, of course, "lays in" his coal now to avoid the higher prices later. And why are prices higher later ? Because of storage and extra handling charges. A stream of coal is coming to your dealer's yard. If he can unload a railroad car into trucks direct and deliver it, there is little lost motion. If he must store it, it requires an extra handling and he must also pay storage room, shrinkage and insurance. You can save that extra expense by ordering today your supply of FOURTH VEIN Aristocrat of Bituminous Coals Not only must prices necessarily be higher later, but Government agencies foresee a great shortage of coal next winter. Then coal would become a speculative commodity and there is no telling where prices would land. Be wise. Put in your winter supply at once.

SERVICE If your coal Is not right, or your contract la not kept to the letter, write ua. INDIANA No. 4 VEIN COAL PRODUCERS. Phil. A. Pew. Sacntery. 507-508 T. H. Trait BaMinc. Tm Haute. Ind. Addrmtm alt conunanicati.ni to thm Ammociation. Clinton Coal Co., Clinton, Ind., "Crown Hill Fourth Vein." Deep Vein Coal Co.. Ill N. 7th St., Terre Haute. 'Deep Vein White Ah." J. K. Derlng Coal Co., McCormlck Bldg, Chicago. "Derlng No. Four."

Fayette Realty A Development Co. (Walter Bledsoe & Co., Sales Agents, T. H. Trust Bids., Terre Haute, Ind.), Fayette. Fergnson-Spears Coal Co., Clinton, Ind., "Submarine." Green Valley Coal Co. (Walter Bledsoe A. Co., Sales Agents. T. K. Trust Bids., Terre Haute, Ind.), "Green Valley." Knox County Fourth Vein Coal Co.. 801 Traction Terminal Bldg.. Indianapolis. Linton Coal Co., 701 Traction Terminal Bldg-., Indianapolis, Ind. "Little Betty Mine." Lower Vein Coal Co. (Richards & Sons, Sales Agents, Op

era House Bldg., Terra Haute, Ind.), "Richards White Aata." Queen Coal 4b Mining Co., JasonTllle and Lafayette, Ind., "Queen CoaX" United Fourth Vein Coal Co.. Traction Terminal Bldg., Indianapolis, "Black Creek." Vandal I a Coal Co.. 1200 Fletcher Trust Bldg., Indianapolis. (Ogle Coal Co., Indian -apotis and Chicago, Exclusive Sales Agents.) Vigo Mining Co.. 1S00 Fletcher Trust Bldg., Indianapolis. Zimmerman Coal Co.. Tribune Bldg., Terre Haute, Ind., "Black Betty."

For Sale by all Dealers

Motorists Directory

Generator Repairing, General Overhauling, all kinds of Mechanical Wlork. Overland and Willys-Knight Cars DAVIS-OVERLAND SALES CO. 1209 Main Street PW2411

. The McConaha's Garage

418-420 Main Street Goodyear Tires Prest-O-Lite Batteries Accessories Mobileoil and Autto Repairing

1

HUDSON ESSEX NASH STUDEBAKER FEDERAL and N-SH Trucks If you want an Automobile See Us

The McConaha Company

413-415 Main St.

Phone 1079

PIEHL AUTO-ELECTRIC CO. Storage Batteries and Ignition Parts

1

Storage Batteries Auto Electric Supplies Armatures and Coils Rewound

Phones 1891-1893. W. C. Piehl, Mgr. 1024 Main Street Richmond, Indiana

VULCANIZING Tires and Tubes repaired to sta rid. Tire life more than doubled. Not heat-dried ptaching, but real vulcanizing. Guarantee I not to lump, blister or pull apart. Our repairs always out wear balance of the tire. New and Used Tires foi sale Beeson's Tire and Vulcanizing Co., 13 No. 9th

AUTOS WANTED For their parts. We tear 'em up and sell the parts. We have parts of all k Inds such as Gears, Axels, Magnetos, Carbun itors. Lamps, Windshields, Glass, used Tires ai. tl Tubes, Etc. RICHMOND AUTO WRECKING CO. Phone 2165 Second and Main

EXPERT MOTOR TRUCK AND TRACTOR REPAIRING When your truck needs repairing and immediate attention, just call us as we have the facilities and are equipped to give it our immediate attention. We are the local representatives for this Clydesdale, Garford, Commerce and Master Motor Trucks the four leading motor trucks sold today.

THE WELDEX MFG. CO.

Cor. N. 12th and E Sts.

Phone 1494

A DEPENDABLE REPAIR STATION ' Drive your car here if you want first class repair service or accessories. Fair price, prtimpt service.

MILLER BROS. GARAGE

35-37 South Sixth Street

1 ' Phone 1278

FORD DISTRIBUTORS Ford Automobiles, Ford Trucks, Accessories, Tires, Oils, Gas and Service Webb-Coleman Company Authorized Ford Sales and Service 19-21 South 7th Street Phone 1616

Richmond Battery & Radiator Co. Distributors of U. S. L. Storage Batteries

All makes of batteries recharged, repaired and rebuilt. Service free.

12th and Main St Phiine 1365

Republic internal gear drive Trucks Will solve your haulage problems. Truck repairing a specialty. STANDARD SUPPLY AND TRANSPORTATION CO. First and Main Streets. Phoae 1069-2459

BUICK AGENCY For used cars, see us. We have the best in the county and the prices are reasonable. CHENOWETH AUTO CO. 1134 Main Street Phone 1925

Harry H. Tubesing Harry E. Rhinehart GATESTIRES VULCANIZING Gate More Mileage Tires 1124 Main Street Pbone 1595 Tires called for and dellvere i

Maxwell,- Cole, - Aero Eight-Chalmers

See us Before You buy that car STAFFORD MOTOR COMPANY

1026 Main Street Phene 1058