Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 206, 11 June 1919 — Page 1

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM

VOL X1TV NO OAC Palladium. Est. lfSl. Consolidated vuu ALaV-i'U' U0 with Sun-Tlecrm HOT. RICHMOND, IND., WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 11, 1919 SINGLE COPY 3 CENTS

LEAGUE MUST BE APPROVED If! SPITE OF MR. WILSON WM. DUDLEY FOULKE

While President "Has Acted Abominably," Richmond Publicist Believes Covenant

is Best Remedy for Chaos.

French General Places Wreaths on Graves of Lieutenant Roosevelt on Mothers' Day in Name of American Women Who Sent Sons to War

WILSON IS LOSING OUT

The proposed League of Nations, though defective, is the necessary opening step to a great federation of

me worm which will keep peace among the nations as securely as the federal government now keeps peace among the states of the union, and should not be rejected by the senate

as a punishment for Wilson. In the

opinion of William Dudley Foulke, of this city, a member of the executive committee of the League to Enforce Peace. In an interview Wednesday Mr. Foulke said that public opinion concerning the proposed peace treaty and the League of Nations should not be Influenced by resentment against the president. A separate treaty, not Including the League of Nations, would mean the abandonment of the League, which, Mr. Foulke believes, Is necessary for the protection of the small states just springing into Independence. Knows How Senators Feel. When questioned as to his feeling concerning the activities of the senate on the question, Mr. Foulke said: "I know exactly how the senators feel about the League of Peace, and so far as my personal sympathy goes, my feelings are altogether with them. I

think the president has acted abominably in .failing to take them into his confidence from the beginning. The constitution says that he shall make treaties by and with the advice and consent of the senate. That means something more than mere consent. He is to Beek and receive their advice. It is true that most treaties are made first by the executive department and then submitted, but during the progress of the negotiations it is common for the president to confer informally with the committee on foreign relations and sometimes with other leaders of the Benate and find out how the land lies. This is really the only safe course unless he wishes to invite

a rejection of the treaty. Above all

I ill's! tyiJt i--&n:

Genera! Berkhelm kneeling at the grave of Quentin Roosevelt

This photograph, which has just reached the United States, shows General Berkheim of the French army pay

ing tribute at the grave of Lieut. Quentin Roosevelt. On Mothers' day the general, accompanied by American and French army officers, placed wreaths on the grave of Lieutenant Roosevelt, aviation corps, U. S. A., in the name of the mothers of America.

FEW OUT IN FIRST HOURS OF NATIONAL WIRE STRIKE

Conflicting Claims of Union Leaders and Telegraph Companies Make Scope of General Walkout Uncertain

NEW REGIME IN WORLD AFFAIRS, DECLARES LYNCH

Social "Rip Van Winkles' Cannot Prevent Progress, Speaker Tells Graduates.

Thirty-two members of the Earlham

graduating class of 1919, marching in processional with members of the college faculty, participated in the commencement services this comning. Earlham chapel was Blmply decorated with baskets of daisies and evergreen trees, but the graduates and faculty in collegiate gowns made the scene an impressive one. Invocation was given by Prof. Edwin Morrison of the college faculty and was followed with two songs by a trio composed of Miss Susie Meek, Miss Elizabeth Marvel and Miss Elgie Wit. wer accompanied by Miss Helen Had ley, piano. Miss Miriam Hadley and Miss Hilda Kirkman, violins.

Noting the phases of life which have

Pays Delinquency Tax To Save Wilson's Farm (By Associated Press) LOS ANGELES, June 11. George A. Fox, convicted of obtaining money by false pretenses, prevented the sale of President Wilson's farm land in Riverside county for delinquent taxes by paying them himself, it became known here when Fox, who is in the county jail, received a telegram of

thanks from J. B. Tumulty, the president's secretary. "I considered it my patriotic duty," was the only comment Fox made. The tax bill was $37.21. The tract

consists of 61 acres and was purchased before Mr. Wilson became president. Fox read the notice of the delinquent tax sale in a newspaper.

undergone direct changes since the

is this important with treaties made I war- ?nd whh mak u imposBlble

at the close of a war, when vital matters have to be decided, and there

never was a Ume when it was half so Important as today. McKinley Recognized Senate "How differently McKinley acted at

the close of the war with Spain. He

for the world ever to be again as it was before the war. Dr. Frederick Lynch of New York City, editor of The Christian Work, addressed the commencement audience. He will speak tonight at a mass meeting in Reid Memorial church. Dr. Lynch was in-

sent, as I recollect it, three senators I troduced by President David M. Ed-

to be among the representatives of , w"as. no aeserioea mm as aman

LARGER OUTPUT IS PLANNED BY JOHNSON PLANT

Capacity of Plant to be Five Times as Great 150 More

Men on Force.

ALLEGED SLAYER SHOT IN BATTLE WITH POLICEMEN

Negro Wanted for Crime in

Muncie is Badly Wounded

at Economy. BULLETIN!

Russian Nobles Work Way On Ship To U.S. (By Associated Pi.-ms) NEW YORK, June 11 Six hundred

Russian aristocrats and nobles whose

names a decade ago lent splendor to

the court of Nicholas, did menial work aboard the British steamship Bermudian after their rescue from bolshevist pursuers, according to Capt. C. Dickinson, adjutant of the liner, which ar

rived here today. The officer told how the Bermudian transported the half-starved, ragged

Russians from Constantinople to Malta

after the British ship Phrygia had fur

nished them refuge at Yalta, Russia.

Jewelry they had saved In their flight, the catain declared, was worth $200,-000,000.

COMPANIES OPERATING

(By Associated Press) NEW YORK, June 11 Only 166 persons, including 121 operators, of a total of 40,000 employed by the Western Union throughout the country, were absent from duty at noon today, Newcomb Carlton, the company's

president, announced in a statement

terming "a complete failure" the strike called by the commercial telegraph

er s union. - ,,

REPORTS CONFLICTING

CHICAGO, June 11. Conflicting

claims of union leaders and officers of telegraph companies made uncertain

at noon today the extent of the nation-wide strike of telegraph operators

but representatives of the workers

confidently maintained that the num

ber of strikers would reach 60,000 by night fall.

"We are operating 100 per cent.," declared an official of the Western Union telegraph company, after receiving reports from points in this district which includes Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. "Our proof is the fact that we are ready to accept all business offered." Predicts 60,000 Out "Two thousand seven hundred workers will be on the street by night in this district," said S. J. Konenkamp, international president of the Commercial Telegrapher's union of America. "The number of strikers in

CHANGE IS MADE IN REPARATIONS CLAUSE OF PACT

Wider Latitude in Determin

ing Use of Money German Mandatory is Refused.

(By Associated Press) PARIS, June 11. The reply to the

German counter proposals agreed up

on by the peace conference heads re

fuses the German request for a mandate for the former German colonies,

it was learned today.

A lengthy memorandum gives the

reasons for the refusal and explains

the operations of the League of Na tions on colonial matters.

The reparations portion of the

treaty, which has been completed and has reached the printer, does not fix the total sum which the Germans must pay. The text of the treaty itself is not changed but the replay contains assurances to Germany regarding the method of the reparations process, explaining that it is a workable arrangement. The only vital change is that the committee on reparations may be given a wider latitude and certain discretionary powers in determining the uses to be made of the money

paid by Germany, it is understood.

i

nnr Wllintrr (vn rt Ma Avn Torv an1 i

nn . nnvnt rivinr Wh and its results on society, and

resentation. Yet cooperation was not I w,h? haB splayed almost prophetio half so necessary then as now in the!vi6ion ln his discourses on the sub-

midst of this terrible world tangle. Yet jeLU , ' . Mr . Wllsnn hnsihpon nlmlnir a !nna ' Life On New Plane

hand, consultine with no nr, and "The community spirit of nations, a

while he says this is not a party mat- vor,d neighborhness is with us. said ter. yet Republican senators have had iDr- Lynch. "We are one under one no chance to participate in anything 1 covenant and are beginning life in a he does. We have never had a presi-1 f ew Plane- new J? industry, new ln redent so mulish and at the same time Priori, new in education, so vacillating. Ever since he was "too "We bear of People who are advisproud to fight and "kept us out ofiinK our former splendid isolation saywar he has been constantly shifting in we have no part in the affairs of his position, yet he seems to take no-1the 'orld. Deutchland Lber Alles hniT into hi rminRPl iinlsa it ho ! sounds just the same to me. We can

foinnel House. This ia cAlculnteri tn i not isolate ourselves. We are a part

exasperate the senators beyond meas

ure and very Justly

of the world community under one

covenant, and our senators who advo-

c..n "TOrw cate the opposite remind me of the

itself. Mr. Foulke said: "The proposed ! I,tlle Vi who attempted to stop Nia-

covenant itself is, in some respects.

a clumsy document. The assembly of the nations is an awkwardly constructed body; the reference to the Monroe doctrine is very vague. There are no specific provisions for the development of International law and there are other defects." Result Is Compromise The reason for the apparent clumsiness of the proposed peace treaty, Mr. Foulke believes, is that many nations have to pass upon the document and it would be impossible to expect to get the best possible treaty. "The result," said Mr. Foulke, "must be a compromise and many imperfections are sure to creep in and the question Is 'Ought we to reject the whole league and the treaty of peace itself and compel the work to be done again with all the misfortunes that will attend a conUnued state of war for months ahead and without any cer(Contlnued on Page Four)

gara Falls with a toy spade

"You who are graduating today are starting life in a world much different from that in which your colleagues of last year did, vastly different from those of 1914. It is your duty and your privilege to go out into this work and become leaders for all the things needed. Leaders are the most important, men and women ho will go ahead, blast a way for the new understanding of world living. It is yours

to venture into this new wPrld of ours

Plans to Increase the capacity of the plant to five times its present output, and to enlarge the working force to 150 men are being carried out by the W. N. Johnson Sheet Metal company. Two new buildings are being erected by the company, adjacent to the present building on South J street. The larger of the two -buildings will

be used ln the manufacture of automobile fenders, and will be a one-story structure, 120 by 115 feet. This building will be equipped entirely with new machinery for the manufacture of automobile fenders, and will have the largest output of any similar concern in the state. In-Operation Seven Years. The other building will be used for

a new electric enamelling plant, for the finishing of automobile parts. With this addition, the plant will be able to turn out 250 complete automobile sheet metal sets a day, in addition to a larger number of fenders and gasoline tanks. The Johnson company, which has been in operation for seven years, has grown in that time to one of the busiest factories in the city. The company supplies all of the sheet metal work for twenty-three automobile manufacturers, including the National and Stutz cars. The concern was recently incorporated with a cap

ital stock of $150,000. The concern

Announcement was made by the at

tending physicians through the police

department at a late hour this afternoon that William Anderson, the

negro who was shot In duel with the sheriff and police early this morning

at Economy, could not survive his

wounds. A shot that entered the right breast and ranged downward, entering the abdominal cavity, will prove fatal, the physicians believe. Regardless of his condition. Anderson will be taken, to Muaci this eve-, ning. A physician said that owing to the nature of his wound the patient could be placed on a cot and aboard a train where he would rest as easily as be does at the hospital. One of the physicians in attendance said that Anderson had not lost consciousness

and that he had admitted the shooting at Muncie Tuesday night As the result of a running gun fight with Richmond police and the sheriff in the Economy railway yards early Wednesday morning, William Ander

son, 32 years old, colored, is ln Reid Memorial hospital with three bullets

in his body.

Anderson, who. the police allege, is

wanted for the murder and attempted

robbery of Clyde E. Benadum, 34 year3

old, druggist of Muncie, Ind., fought a losing battle when cornered by Sheriff Clement V. Carr, Night Sergeant Roy Wenger and Patrolman Dave Carr of -the Richmond police force. His companion, Walter Arnett, white, 17 years old, is in the county jail. At 3 o'clock Wednesday morning.

the local officials received a call from Muncie police asking that they keep on the lookout for two men who are

the entire country will be 60,000 by As originally drawn up financial night. Reports are most encouraging. 1 clauses specified that first payments

In Chicago alone SCO are already on

strike. The number will be nearly doubled by night." He exhibited telegrams from various wide spread points indicating that

the strike response had been general,

but failing to show the exact number

of strikers. First reports to The Associated Press from a score of central west cities and towns failed to show that the strike had brought serious -results. NO EFFECT IN 8TATE. INDIANAPOLIS, June 11. Statements from the offices of the Western Union and Postal Telegraph company and American Telephone and Telegraph company here were that the strike of commercial telegraph operators had had no effect and that 100 per cent, of the forces were at work at 10 o'clock this morning. Reports from various parts of the state to the offices of the companies here were to the effect that very few, if any operators had not reported for work this morning, the company officials declared. Union officials at 11 o'clock said

they had no report on the local situation.

Weather Forecast

For Indiana by United States Weather Bureau Generally fair tonight and Thursday.

Noon

Today's Temperature.

Yesterday.

Maximum Minimum

.....83 .....S9 61

We have reactionary men who are started with five employes, and with

walking backward with thr?lr eyes ap- the completion of the new building.

parently in the back of their heads. J they expect to hire 150 men. At pres-

For Wayne County by W. E. Moore Continued unsettled this afternoon, tonight and Thursday. Local thunderstorms. General Conditions Although the weather has been generally fair over the north portion of Wayne county, heavy local rains continue over the extreme south portion, also heavy thunderstorms over parts of Union and reble counUes. Thunderstorms have i become quite general over Ohio valley and parts of Mississippi The warm iwave continues unbroken In the east, 95 at Medicine Hat, due to low barometric pressure ln British Columbia south to Mexico

We have groups of peoplo like that; we have speakers and even preachers. It is up to you men and women to push forward, not backward. World Needs Young Men "In a few years the men who want to go back to the old things, to the old ouUook, will be looked upon as Rip Van Winkles. The world Is looking for young men and by young I mean men with young hearts who can undertake the stewardship needed," said Dr. Lynch. "We have seen millions of men lay down their lives ln the past . war 12.000,000 of them, and it is Impossible for us to believe that this has not had a deep and lasting effect on the world. "Religion has taken on a new form like everything else. People now want a religion that goes right down to the great facts and questions the

war has brought to the iront. we must have a religion that will heal all our sores, those of labor, civic, and international relations of the world. Education Changed. "Education has changed. It has gathered more and more of the technical and vocational. In many ways that Is good, but there is another side to it. We must not allow the cultural side for which our colleges have stood

steadfast to endanger itself. We want our young men and women to know

what to do with eight hours of leisure in the twenty-four. How helpless are we at times. We have boys and girls who are lost If they do not have a picture show to go to. Through a culrContinued On Page Eleven.

ent 50 men work in the plant.

DINNER CLOSES JEWELERS' MEETING

A dinner at the Arlington hotel Tuesday evening, at which Colonel John Shepherd, of New York; W E. Jenkins, librarian of Indiana university;

H. Victor Wright of Los Angeles, and

MAY EFFECT BILL

WASHINGTON, June 11. Union

leaders claimed that about 1,300 or 95

per cent of the forces employed by the

Western Union and Postal Telegraph

companies here walked out today in

compliance with the strike order issued several days ago by S. J. Konen-

kamp, president of the Commercial

Telegraphers' Union. Company offi-

rv, Panqnm i cials early today had no definite fig-

ujro KILL UIO CLVLUai Ul 1UCU Y l-J

about 11:15 o'clock Tuesday night and

were thought to have escaped on a southbound freight train. i At the same time, a tip was received from the C. & O. railroad police that two men had boarded a southbound freight at Muncie. Taking the police touring car, the sheriff, Wenger and the patrolman went first to Williamsburg, where they learned the only stop the freight would make would be at Economy for water. They went to Economy, and when the train stopped, they started down the line of cars searching the rods, the interiors and the tops. They saw two men inside a car and called to them to surrender. The negro leaped out and fired, but before he could run he was shot by one of the officers. He returned the fire, although wounded in the arm, and a general exchange of shots took place, the negro using a revolver and the officers using revolvers and riot guns. Hit three times and badly wounded, the negro sank to the ground and ceased to shoot. He was disarmed. Arnett came out of the car with his hands up. He made no resistance. Victim Shot Through Head Information from Muncie said two

men entered the drug store of Bena-

L:::'""l I'.rrr,' dum, in the residence district of Mun

Is known as "Cocaine Alley" the scene of a number of crimes, about 11:15 Tuesday night, just as the druggist was about to close for the night. (Continued on page seven.)

the two-day convention of the Indiana

State Jewelers' association in Richmond. Colonel Shepherd was toastmaster, rnd short talks were made by several men. The musical program was given by Mrs. Clara Igleman, assisted by an orchestra, and Miss Betty Morgan danced for the jewelers. At the afternoon session In the Commercial club rooms Colonel Shepherd talked on the jewelers' trade. The election of officers took place and the reports of the president, secretary and treasurer were read. About 100 were ln attendance during the two-day session. Richmond was voted a delightful host.

Dr. Allen Exonerated For Auto Accident

SOLDIERS AND STRIKERS CLASH.

(By Associated Press) WTNNEPEO, JJune 11. Serious clashes took place in Winnepeg last night between strike sympathizers and returned-soldier constables.

No blame was placed on Dr. J. H. Allen, of Centerville, by the county coroner for the accident which caused the death of Dr. Benjamin D. Paul, in the coroner's verdict returned today. "I have found that Dr. Allen was not in the least to blame for the accident, which was due largely to the excessive rate of speed at which Dr. Paul was driving," Coronor Bond said today. "Had he not ben driving fast, he would have had plenty of opportunity to go around Dr. Allen on the left side of the road and thus avoid the accident."

left their keys but estimated it at much -below the figure claimed by the strike leaders. They claimed service

was not seriously crippled.

Postofflce department officials re

iterated the statement that no action for the settlement of the strike would be taken by the department and the

situation now is entirely in the hands

of private managements. WTith the resolution of Senator Kellogg passed yesterday, which provides for the return of the wire lines to their original owners "forthwith" scheduled for speedy action in the house Thursday, there was considerable speculation today as to what effect the action of the government in turning back the systems to private ownership would have on the strike Some leaders in the house are said to

have expressed belief the strike may necessitate some changes in the return bill as drafted. ALL REPORT FOR WORK CLEVELAND. June 11. Western Union and Postal Telegraph company officials here paid that every employe reported for work this morning. Telegraph operators employed by the American Telegraph & Telephone company here are all at work this morning, company officials said.

from the money to be paid by Germany would be for the faintenance of the armies of occupation, and that next would come payments for reparations. Under the revised plan the committee has been authorized to ad-

Just matters to meet emergencies.

Consider Plenary Session. There is some discussion in general

conference circles whether a plenary

council will be called to consider the reply to- the German counter proposal, or whether the "big four" will send

it directly to the other nations. No

intimation of the procedure to be adopted is permitted to come from the council of four.

While the treaty textually is un

changed, the reply reads into its con

structions, definitions and explana

tions of certain clauses, which, in the

belief of some of the elements of the conference becomes virtually part of

the treaty itself, entitling consideration by all the parties involved.

The American members of the commission on harbors and waterways have discovered, upon re-study of the treaty, many points in which they believe the waterways section can be improved and there are indications that a split report may be made to the

peace conference. French Hold Position. The determination of France not to consent to any material changes in the treaty with Germany was clearly defined today after the meting of the council of four and various commiscions which failed to reach any solution of the deadlock on the important points on which differences of opinion have arisen. In spite of the attempt to speed up the work of the peace conference, reports are still unavailable from commissions dealing with Schleswig-Hol-stein, the eastern boundaries of Germany, the Belgian frontier and waterways and harbors. The fluid state of the proceedings makes it difficult to accept the optimistic statements of

various members of delegations, that an agreement on the reply to the German counter proposals will probably be reached speedily. Premier Clemenceau is especially firm in his refusal to agree to the admission of Germany to the league of nations immediately. The French hold that they understand German psychology better than the allied nations and realize what the increas

ing arrogance of the Germans during the last few weeks means. They say they appreciate how much this arrogance would be increased if the peace conference should yield to the German demand for immediate admission to the league. The French, it is understood, are willing that the Germans should be admitted later, but insist that this admission must not be in compliance with what they term

"Germany's present haughty demands."

TREATY TEXT IN HANDS OF MORGAN MAN, SENATE TOLD

Copy Brought to America by

Henry P. Davison Shown to Elihu Root and Senator Lodge.

J. P. MORGAN ON STAND

(By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, June 11. EUha Root, former secretary of state, appearing today at his own suggestion before the senate foreign relations committee investigating how copies of the peace treaty got into the hands of persons in New York, testified that for several weeks he had had a copy given to him by Henry P. Davison, of the Morgan banking house. Senator Lodge said the copy he had seen was shown him by Mr. Root. WTien Mr. Root was excused Henry P. Davison was called. Showed Copy to Root. Mr. Davison said he brought a copy of the treaty to America, but that it

nad never been read by any man except himself and Senator Root. After Mr. Davison had been questioned for half an hour he was excused and J. P. Morgan took the stand. Mr. Morgan said he had not seen a copy of the treaty. Frank A. Vanderlip, former president of the national city bank followed

Mr. Morgan on the stand, testifying that he never had seen the treaty. Recalls "Public Pledge." Senator Harding, Republican of Ohio, asked Senator Root if he remembered a "public pledge" by the president to keep congress informed of his activities abroad. "I think I will take refuge in the natural forgetfulness of a witness," said Mr. Root smiling. Mr. Root was then excused and Henry P. Davison took the stand. Chairman Lodge said that Senator Borah who had suggested calling Mr. Davison, would conduct the examination but Mr. Davison asked first to be permitted to "tell the story" in his own way before cross examination.

YANKEE SOLDIERS KILLED IN CLASH WITH CIVILIANS

(By Associated Press) COBLENZ, Tuesday, June 10 Hostility between the American soldiers and the German civilians ln the occupied region, which has been increasing recently, has resulted in additional clashes during the last few days. In one instance an American was kelled and in other encounters in various

parts of the occupied zone several Americans were wounded. At third army headquarters today it was Bald that at least 6 Americans had been kelled by civilians since the American troops reached the Rhine. German officials Bay that so far as their records go the number of Germans killed by Americans in fights during the 6 months of occupation total no more than five. Incidentally the Germans admit that they are keeping a record of the treatment of civilians by the Americans, paying particular attention to encounters where the civilians contended the soldiers were to blame. In American circles the German record Is called the "red" book. On the American side it is claimed that a fight in which Private Patrick Sheridan, a native of Ireland, who enlisted in Chicago, was shot and killed, was brought about by a party of Ger

mans who had been celebrating the Whitsuntide holidays and who attacked some Americans ln the streets of Ehrenbreistein. Witnesses agreed that Sheridan took no part in the fight, but was an innocent bystander, struck by a German bullet. The German who fired the fatal shot is being held for trial by a military commis

sion.

Disbursing Officer Goes Off With Pay COBLENZ, June 11. German army and police authorities in the unoccu

pied territory opposite the Coblenz bridgehead have been requested by American intelligence officers to keep a lookout for an American disbursing officer who has disappeared with 485, 000 marks. The money was intended to be paid to the men of the fifth field artillery of the first division, which holds the outermost post of the bridgehead. Intelligence officers have reported to Third Army headquarters that the missing officer was suspected of ehthat this had led them to believe that that this had lead the mto believe that he had gone in the direction of Berlin. He is under bond to the U. S. government.

Senate Plans Early

Action On Rail Bill

$694 RAISED FOR SALVATION ARMY

Over $694 had been collected at noon Wednesday by the Salvation Army workers. This includes the reports of only twelve solicitors. Many had not yet reported to the headquarters at North Ninth and A streets. It is not known just when the drive will be completed but probably not until next week. The workers in the county will not begin until the latter part of this week. Mrs. A. W. Roach, president of the Wayne County War Mothers said

Wednesday that there will be no one at the headquarters Thursday morning but there will be Thursday afternoon, and all workers can report then. After Thursday afternoon all reports will be made to Mrs. Roach at her home, on North Thirteenth street.

(By Associated Press) WASHINGTON, June 11. Senate leaders today were planning early action on the bill authorizing an appropriation of $750,000,000 for the railroad administrations revolving fund, which was passed by the house yesterday. Reduction of the $1,200,000,000 asked for by Director General Hines was made. Chairman Good, of the appropriations committee explained because it was admitted the exact future needs of the railroads . were

not known. ,

House To Investigate Conditions In Ireland (By Associated Press) v DUBLIN, June 11. A Paris dispatch to the Freeman's Journal claims authority for the statement that th Irish question will probably be raised in the peace conference. Col. E. M. House, one o f the American delegates to the peace confer ence, will, it is stated, visit England during the next fortnight and will then, it is declared urge upon the British government the necessity of settling the Irish question. It is said that he also Intends to visit Ireland to investigate conditions and asceo tain the sentiment of the people here

a.