Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 161, 19 April 1919 — Page 8

PAGE TEN"

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1919.

The Automobile Simplified By FREDERICK d GUERRLICH, M. E. Make This Your Automobile Correspondence School A N Intimate talk on the working units of the automotoU. 01nu A . in such a way that tn layman can aaaUy understand them .If In reading these article, as they appear In the Pal adlum eaoh Batpflr there Is anythin not dear to you. ask Mr. Querlloh about it An anlter win JSSlshed 4 S. completion of the articles on the section of the utomobilepUnderMio. &

Lesson No. S. Before taking up the coll, let us study some of the device and attachments which must be used with it in order to give us a perfect working Ignition system. The Advanced and Retarded 8park. Practically all ignition systems have a means for advancing or retarding the spark. Let us look into this in detail, as even people who have been driving for some time do not understand this and so do not use their spark control lever properly. At first thought it would seem that the spark should come in the cylinder when the piston is at top dead center, or as shown in Figure 1. It being, however, almost a physical impossibility for a mechanic to set the Instrument so that the spark will come fi-mrtiv at this ooint. it 'will come

slightly before the piston has gotten

all the way up, or siigntiy alter. Back Klek. T.t na what would happen if.

when cranking the engine, the spark came before the piston was all the way up, or was as shown in Figure 2, which shows the position of the pisim and rrn.nk under this condition.

but somewhat exaggerated. You can raaifiv baa that if the soark came and

the gases were to explode while the piston and crank were in this position, the piston, also crank pin, would be Artvon downward. The crank Din be

ing to the left of the center of the

ih writer has seen many starting

motors torn to nieces ana ruinea De-

cause the operator failed to retard the

spark when starting.

Rn much for the nolnt wnere me

spark must come when starting. Where must It come when running T

Aicaln the great speed ol the engine

comes into account. We saw irom a

nrevioua lesson (on the valve timing)

that a stroke of the engine often takes

place in 1-40 of a second Now it takes a little time for all of the gases tn icnito an that vou can readily see

that at the above great speed, if the

spark comes late, an oi me power will not be gotten out of the explosion, the piston sort of running away from the gases. For this reason when the

engine is running the spark is maae to come before the piston has reached ton renter, an shown in Figure 2. or,

In other words, the spark is advanced. . . . i i

Thus wnen tne piston nas reacueu top center all of the gases will have had time to ignite and we get the full force of the explosion. From the above we see that the faster the engine revolves, the more the spark must be advanced, while as the engine slows down, the spark must be retarded. Many drivers fall to pay any attention to their spark control levers, and then wonder why there Is a bad knocking in the engine when the car slows down on a hill. This knocking is what is known as a spark kock.

Thus, there Is a sort of struggle taking

place between the two forces, and if

there be any looseness In the engine, there will be a violent knocking.

From this we see that when climb

ing a hill, as the car slows down, the spark should be slowly retarded, but

should you shift to second, the spark

should immediately be advanced again. Refer for a moment to Figure 4. Let us Imagine that every time the arm (A), which revolves In the direction of the arrow, hits the point B, that we would get a spark in the cylinder of the engine. If now the point B be moved a little in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arow, the arm A will hit it earlier,

with the result that the spark would come earlier, or be advanced. On the other nana, if the point B be moved a little in the same direction as the arm A is revolving, cantact will be made later, and we would get a later spark, or, In other words, the spark would be retarded. In practically all ignition systems, tion as the arm A 1b revolving, contact lever, you, through a system of bell cranks and rods, move a cylinder as

shown above, thus making or breaking contact as the case may be, earlier or later. The different timing devices will be taken up later. Place yourself for a moment In the

position of a telegraph company official who Is erecting the wires for the telegraph between New York and Ban Francisco After erecting mile upon mile of poles and copper wire, costing about 25 cents a pound, he finds that he now has a way to carry the current from the one city to the other, but be must have some way to get the current back again, as the electricity

must have a complete circuit and get back to the source. Naturally he would try to find some way to have

the current return other than the ex

pensive wire. Looking upon the earth he wonders if It with its tremendous

size will not be able to carry the current back as well as the tiny wire. He

therefore runs the wire into the ground at one city and lets the current go through the earth to the other city, where another wire is put into the ground to cateh and collect it. This he finds to work well. He says that he has grounded the wire, or that he returns through the ground. In the same way the auto manufacturer, wishing to simplify the wiring for the owner, notices the big mass of iron and aluminum in the engine and frame, and decides to use this metal for the return of the current, as the telegrapher did the earth. Although this returning current never gets into the ground, we borrow the

telegrapher's expression and say the

current is grounded. Manv different circuits, nrovided

they are not connected, may be made

to return through tne "ground ai me same time. Figure 5 shows the symbol which is used to denote that the wire is connected to the engine or "ground," which is used in practically all wiring diagrams. You will probably understand the o-rmind hetter when we come to the

study of the different ignition system, when we will see just how it is used. Clip these articles as they appear afh Sntnrdav In The Palladium only.

and save them, as one forms the connecting link to the other they will

make a complete, intelligent discussion on all the important units of the automobile. Order the "Palladium" in advance of your newsdealer, bo as not to miss any of the articles of the series.

Wilson and Premiers Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Orlando was made

public. The allies agreement to. render aid carries the stipulation that hostilities will cease within definite lines in the territory. There are 175 varieties of dogs.

Helpful to Children Mrs. Geo. Peffley, Van Buren, O. "Have used Hull's Superlative last two years as family medicine. Always relieves my children of La Grippe, colds, bilious fever spells." Your druggist has Hull's Superlative. Adv.

RELIEF READY FOR RUSSIA

By AssocJatnd ?rasB PARIS, April 18. The allies are prepared to aid in the relief of Russia with foodstuffs, medical supplies and other necessaries it became known veoterdav when corresDondence be

tween Fritjof Nansen and President

Don't Forget Big event of the season Easter Monday Dance COLISEUM Tickets $1.00. Ladies Free

A , 1 ay

T

"&6prk Control si i Lavcr eH

crank shaft, however, the crank shaft would be made to revolve in a direction opposite to the direction shown by the arrow. As the pressure on the piston at the moment of explosion is in the neighborhood of three-fourths of a ton, you can see that it a person were cranking the engine in the direction of the arrow and the crank were then suddenly driven in the opposite direction, or backward, his arm would Teceive so severe a blow, or "kick," as aimnaf anmiv he broken. For this

reason when cranking the engine the spark control lever must be set so that the spark will come after the piston has passed the dead center, or when it is in the position shown by Figure 3. As when so set we have made the spark come later in reference to piston travel, we say the spark has been retarded. You cannot be too careful about having the spark retarded when cranking your engine. You, no doubt, have many friends who have had their arms broken in this way. Probably 50 per cent, of the serious back kicks come after a driver has stalled his car, as when this occurs he is liable to be excited because he is delaying traffic, or he may feel embarrassed, so that he forgets to take the precautions he ordinarily would. To digress a moment, I might say dsni that tnnnv nprimiH accidents have

happened to people who cranked the

engine of their car wnue toeir trans mission gearB were not in neutral Trnlihlv un ner cent, of thase accl

dents have happened after the driver

stalled his car. 1 say to you, merefore, when you stall your car, forget the traffic, forget your embarrassment, and think tn have vour rears in neut

ral and your spark retarded. When vnn stall, think of this paragraph.

when cranking, try to get into tue habit of not putting the thumb around the crank handle, keeping it alongside of the forefinger, much as you do when swimming. Should you get a "kick back" when so holding the crank handle, it will probably pull out of your hand without hurting you. The safest way to crank is to pull up with the left hand. Where a car Is equipped with an electric starting, or a9 it would be better termed, an Electric Cranking Motor, the spark should be retarded when starting, just as it Is when the cranking Is done by hand. As a rule, the Electric Motor is strong enough to resist the back kick and even carry the piston pust the dead center, but

When on a hill, a driver wishu'g to get all the power out of his engine possible, opens his throttle wide, with the result that the explosion is a very powerful one. The engine, however, has slowed down considerably and if the spark lever is advanced, it is probable that the spark will have come in the cylinders and the gases have been fully ignited before the now slowly moving piston has reached ton center, or when it is in the posi

tion shown in Figure 2. The force of j

the explosion win. mereiore, iry iu make the piston go backward, or, in other words, reverse the direction of

revolution of the engine. The forward movement of the car and of the fly

wheel, however, will not permit this.

SAYS ACID STOMACH CAUSES INDIGESTION Excess of Hydrochloric Acid Sours the Food and Forms Gases. Undigested food delayed in the stomach decays, or rather, ferments the same as food left in the open air, says a noted authority. He also tells us that Indigestion is caused by Hyper-acidity, meaning there is an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach which prevents complete digestion and starts food fermentation. Thus everything eaten sours in the stomach much like garbage sours in a can, forming acrid fluids and gases which inflate the stomach like a toy baloan. Then we feel a heavy, lumpy misery in the chest, we belch up gas, we eructate sour food or have heart

burn, flatulence, water-brash or nasuea. He tella ns to lav aside all diges

tive aids and Instead, get from any nhnrmacv four ounces of Jad Salts

and take a tablespoonful in a glass of water before breakfast and drink while it is effervescing, and futhermore, to continue this for a week. While relief follows the first dose, it Is important to neutralize the acidity remove the gas-making mass, start the liver, stimulate the kidneys and thus promote a free flow of pure digestive juices. Jad Salts is inexpensive and is made from the acid of grapes and lemon juice, combined with lithia and sodium phosphate. This harmless salts is used by thousands of people for stomach trouble with excellent results. Adv.

We Make Your Clock Keep Correct Time Don't let the old clock cause you to bo late again bring or send it to our clock repairer he will place it in perfect running order charges reasonable. We call for and deliver. 0. E. Dickinson For Expert Clock Repairing

l'-L .wli

The city of Chicago has a fleet of Service Trucks. The Hydrox Co. of Chicago, a family of Service Trucks. The Buck Truck Engine Builders use Service Trucks. Butler.Bros. are Service Truck owners. The Verlin Steel Works of Chicago would have nothing but Service Trucks. The opinion of such concerns as above mentioned is surely authoriative choose your truck accordingly.

Quality and Value

Essentia

na

Good Motor Track

In buying motor trucks investigate the quality of service you will get. All trucks require service and that truck which carries with its sale the greatest assurance of loyalty and efficiency in maintenance is the truck to buy providing quality and value are there. As to Service Motor Truck quality and value, there is no better proof than their re-sale records and their re-sale prices. In 1918, 65 of Service sales were re-sales to satisfied previous buyers. The average for the past five years ha3 been upward to 63.

As evidence of Service re-sale value, consider a certain creditor sale in the city of Chicago some months ago. A Service Motor Truck 22 months old brought 84 3-5 of its original price. Thirteen others of different makes, used only 10 to 18 months, sold for about onethird of their first cost. Service Trucks stand the grind they enduretherefore their cost in the long run is unusually low. The Service is built in five models, 1, 2, ZYi, W2, special and 5 tons, all models having the incomparable worm drive the drive that has never worn out in use.

"BETHARD SELLZUM"

Eel

Auto

Agency

1117 MAIN STREET

PHONE 1041